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Institute
Plants, fungi and algae are important components of global biodiversity and are fundamental to all ecosystems. They are the basis for human well-being, providing food, materials and medicines. Specimens of all three groups of organisms are accommodated in herbaria, where they are commonly referred to as botanical specimens.The large number of specimens in herbaria provides an ample, permanent and continuously improving knowledge base on these organisms and an indispensable source for the analysis of the distribution of species in space and time critical for current and future research relating to global biodiversity. In order to make full use of this resource, a research infrastructure has to be built that grants comprehensive and free access to the information in herbaria and botanical collections in general. This can be achieved through digitization of the botanical objects and associated data.The botanical research community can count on a long-standing tradition of collaboration among institutions and individuals. It agreed on data standards and standard services even before the advent of computerization and information networking, an example being the Index Herbariorum as a global registry of herbaria helping towards the unique identification of specimens cited in the literature.In the spirit of this collaborative history, 51 representatives from 30 institutions advocate to start the digitization of botanical collections with the overall wall-to-wall digitization of the flat objects stored in German herbaria. Germany has 70 herbaria holding almost 23 million specimens according to a national survey carried out in 2019. 87% of these specimens are not yet digitized. Experiences from other countries like France, the Netherlands, Finland, the US and Australia show that herbaria can be comprehensively and cost-efficiently digitized in a relatively short time due to established workflows and protocols for the high-throughput digitization of flat objects.Most of the herbaria are part of a university (34), fewer belong to municipal museums (10) or state museums (8), six herbaria belong to institutions also supported by federal funds such as Leibniz institutes, and four belong to non-governmental organizations. A common data infrastructure must therefore integrate different kinds of institutions.Making full use of the data gained by digitization requires the set-up of a digital infrastructure for storage, archiving, content indexing and networking as well as standardized access for the scientific use of digital objects. A standards-based portfolio of technical components has already been developed and successfully tested by the Biodiversity Informatics Community over the last two decades, comprising among others access protocols, collection databases, portals, tools for semantic enrichment and annotation, international networking, storage and archiving in accordance with international standards. This was achieved through the funding by national and international programs and initiatives, which also paved the road for the German contribution to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).Herbaria constitute a large part of the German botanical collections that also comprise living collections in botanical gardens and seed banks, DNA- and tissue samples, specimens preserved in fluids or on microscope slides and more. Once the herbaria are digitized, these resources can be integrated, adding to the value of the overall research infrastructure. The community has agreed on tasks that are shared between the herbaria, as the German GBIF model already successfully demonstrates.We have compiled nine scientific use cases of immediate societal relevance for an integrated infrastructure of botanical collections. They address accelerated biodiversity discovery and research, biomonitoring and conservation planning, biodiversity modelling, the generation of trait information, automated image recognition by artificial intelligence, automated pathogen detection, contextualization by interlinking objects, enabling provenance research, as well as education, outreach and citizen science.We propose to start this initiative now in order to valorize German botanical collections as a vital part of a worldwide biodiversity data pool.
Zum Themenfeld "Diversität und Vielfalt" diskutierten im Rahmen des 8. Treffens des Nachwuchsnetzwerkes "Stadt, Raum, Architektur" Wissenschaftler_innen aus den Sozial-, Geistes- und Raumwissenschaften an den Instituten für Humangeographie, Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main am 9. und 10. November 2012. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten um die Konzeptualisierung von sowie den praktischen Umgang mit soziokultureller Vielfalt fand ein produktiver Austausch aus den Perspektiven der Stadtplanung, der Architekturwissenschaft sowie der sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Stadt- und Raumforschung statt. Die Ergebnisse dieser interdisziplinären Auseinandersetzung hinsichtlich einer globalen Diskursverschiebung von "Multikulturalismus" zu "Diversität" und der Adaption entsprechender Strategien in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft werden in diesem Tagungsbericht anhand theoretischer Ansätze zu "Super-Diversity", Kosmopolitismus und Transnationalismus diskutiert. Empirisch werden insbesondere Fragen zu Standortmarketing, Integrationspolitiken und der Verräumlichung von Diversität sowie konkreter Praktiken der Segregation, Marginalisierung und Aushandlung von Differenz aufgegriffen. Abschließend wird die Frage nach Konflikten und Potenzialen einer "neuen Diversität" aus stadtplanerischer, dekolonialer und poststrukturalistischer Perspektive diskutiert.
Es werden Funde von gefährdeten und bemerkenswerten Moosarten aus dem Harz und der Umgebung von Halle/S. mitgeteilt. Neu für Sachsen-Anhalt sind Schistidium pruinosum und Schistidium trichodon. Für Gymnostomum calcareum wird die erste gesicherte Angabe aus Sachsen-Anhalt mitgeteilt. Wiederfunde verschollener Arten konnten von Asterella gracilis, Encalypta trachymitria, Frullania fragilifolia, Hypnum pratense und Pterogonium gracile gemacht werden.
In einer um 1455 errichteten, in der Altstadt von Pirna gefundenen mittelalterlichen Blockstube wurden in großer Menge Moose als Dichtungsmaterial verwendet. Die Analyse des Fundes ergab insgesamt acht Moosarten (Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum commune, Thuidium recognitum, Hylocomium splendens, Scleropodium purum, Polytrichum juniperinum) und eine Flechtenart (Cladonia furcata). Der Fund wird archäologisch eingeordnet und bewertet
97 species of bryophytes are reported as new for the island of Bioko, 89 of them are new for whole Equatorial Guinea, a remarkable amount is new for tropical West Africa and Micromitrium tenerum is new for sub-Saharan Africa. The bryoflora of the highest mountain of Bioko, the Pico Basile, shoes strongly phytogeographic affinities with Mt Cameroon on the African mainland. Rhabdoweisia lineata P.W. Richards & Argent, which was made a synonym of R. fugax (Hedw.) Bruch, Schimp. & W. Gümbel by Frahm & al. (2000) is regarded as a clear distinct species.
The moss flora of the Los Ruiles Nature Reserve, Maule region (VII), central Chile was investigated. Los Ruiles is a small forest reserve dominated by Nothofagus trees and surrounded by plantations of Pinus radiata. The moss species list contains 72 taxa, among which are 36 species newly reported for the Maule region. Several species reach their northernmost known limit in the reserve, including Achrophyllum magellanicum var. magellanicum, Ancistrodes genuflexa, Cryphaea consimilis, Dendrocryphaea lechleri, Lembophyllum orbiculatum, Leptostomum menziesii, Symblepharis krausei, and Zygodon papillatus. To ensure the survival of these rare or local bryophytes, an increase of the proportion of Nothofagus trees in the forests surrounding the reserve is desirable.
Knautia drymeia ist in ihrer natürlichen Verbreitung in Deutschland auf Sachsen beschränkt und besitzt hier im Elbegebiet im Bereich der Sächsischen Schweiz die nordwestlichsten Vorposten ihres Areals. Im elbenahen Bereich der Sächsischen Schweiz sind über 40 Fundorte aktuell bekannt. Knautia dipsacifolia kommt in Sachsen nicht vor; die in historischen Quellen aus Sachsen angegebenen Funde von K. dipsacifolia beziehen sich auf K. drymeia, Hybriden zwischen dieser und K. arvensis (K. ×speciosa) oder ganzblättrige Formen von K. arvensis. Knautia drymeia konnte als Bestandteil der folgenden Pflanzengesellschaften festgestellt werden: Urtico-Aegopodietum, Arrhenatheretalia-Basalgesellschaft, Lolio-Cynosuretum, Galio-Carpinetum, selten in Kahlschlägen von Hainbuchen-Eichenwäldern, in Mauerritzen und der Carex-acutiformis-Gesellschaft. Gegenüber den Angaben in den einschlägigen deutschen Floren konnte für die Art ein breiteres Standortsspektrum nachgewiesen werden. Bodenuntersuchungen ergeben sehr stark bis schwach saure, stark humose Böden als Standorte der Art. Aufgrund der Standortuntersuchungen, der Berechnung von Zeigerwerten der Vegetationsaufnahmen und der Soziologie werden erstmals ökologische Zeigerwerte für die Art aufgestellt (Lichtzahl: 6; Temperaturzahl: 5; Kontinentalitätszahl: 5; Nährstoffzahl: 6; Reaktionszahl: 6; Feuchtezahl: 5).