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Anna Seghers: Zwei Denkmäler
(2000)
Anna Seghers hat 1965 für Klaus Wagenbachs Anthologie „Atlas. Zusammengestellt von deutschen Autoren“ einen kurzen Text über ihre Heimatstadt Mainz geschrieben, dem sie den Titel „Zwei Denkmäler“ gab. Er fand später in Wagenbachs „Lesebuch. Literatur der sechziger Jahre“ weite Verbreitung und von dort aus auch den Weg in zahlreiche Textbücher für den schulischen Literaturunterricht und das Germanistikstudium im Ausland. (...)
Die didaktischen Überlegungen, die (...) [Jochen Vogt] nach (...) [der] Vorbemerkung an (...) [den] Text knüpf[t] (...)[, beginnt er] mit einer erzähltechnischen Analyse(...), [setzt] mit einem Hinweis zur methodischen Erschließung des Textes fort(...) und [schließt] mit Vorschlägen für unterschiedliche Unterrichtsreihen oder -projekte ab(...).
Over the last years history has become an important issue in ‚Germanturkish’ literature. The question is which possibilities are created to take part in the history of a country under the conditions of migration. Analysing historical writing in Emine Sevgi Özdamar’s novel “The Bridge of the Golden Horn”, this article concentrates on three aspects: First, the description of places in Berlin from a migrant’s viewpoint. Second, to discover Berlin as the entrance into German pre-wall-falling-history. Third, the narrator as a brilliant describer of German society in an everyday life microcosmos.
Conta-se que no século 18, um médico Vianés, ganhou fama por ter criado, o que se denominava na altura, por frenologia, um ramo do saber que, em vão, procurava determinar o carácter, as características da personalidade e os níveis de criminalidade de uma pessoa com o simples apalpar da cabeça e através da "leitura" das suas protuberâncias. A sua fama, ao chegar aos ouvidos do imperador, levou a que este o convidasse e lhe pedisse um exame a fim de ver como ele e os seus súbditos estavam nestes aspectos. Franz Joseph Gall, como se chamava o dito médico, assim que ia apalpando a cabeça do soberano e dos seus capangas mais entrava em pânico. Como iria dizer-lhes que as protuberâncias lhe diziam que estava diante dos maiores criminosos da história, e logo a eles os governantes da Áustria? O caso angolagate, talvez também me interesse por isso.
Im Jahr 2003 wurden in der Esterweger Dose (Landkreis Emsland, Niedersachsen) nahrungsökologische Untersuchungen an einer Küken führenden Goldregenpfeiferfamilie durchgeführt. Dabei wurden insgesamt 10 Kotproben und ein Speiballen aufgesammelt und auf ihre Nahrungsrückstände analysiert. Parallel dazu wurden während der Aufzuchtzeit Barberfallen ausgebracht, um das Angebot an epigäisch lebenden Invertebraten zu ermitteln. Die Fallen standen auf Wiedervernässungsflächen unterschiedlichen Alters und auf Abtorfungsflächen mit ihren Ober- und Unterfeldern. Zusätzlich wurden die Bereiche beprobt, die von den Goldregenpfeifern genutzt wurden. Das Angebot an potentiellen Nahrungstieren wurde von Dipteren dominiert, die einen Individuenanteil von ca. 65 % ausmachten. Spinnentiere traten mit einem Individuenanteil von etwa 20 % auf. Käfer und ihre Entwicklungsstadien waren mit lediglich 10 % vertreten. Die Zusammensetzung der Fallenfänge unterschied sich zwischen den untersuchten Biotopen nicht. Im Speiballen und in den Kotproben dominierten dagegen Käfer und ihre Larven mit Individuenanteilen von z. T. über 70 %. Die Küken suchten besonders an den mit spärlicher Vegetation bestandenen Gräben der Unterfelder nach Nahrung. Hier traten die von ihnen präferierten Beutetiere (vor allem Laufkäfer) in höheren Individuenanteilen auf als in den übrigen beprobten Lebensräumen.
Während der Brief in Zeiten von persönlichen Krisen und Konflikten mancherlei Unannehmlichkeiten aus dem Kommunikationsweg räumt, stellt der Kontext Krieg für das Briefeschreiben in vielerlei Hinsicht eine Herausforderung dar. Der Privatbrief (Epistula familiaris) ist in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts in Westeuropa – das heisst auch zur Zeit des 2. Weltkriegs – das wichtigste Medium informeller Distanzkommunikation, welche im Allgemeinen durch Inoffizialität und Spontaneität, durch Individualität und Vertraulichkeit gekennzeichnet ist. In der Regel ist der Privatbrief im juristischen Sinne nicht verfügbar. Ein Kennzeichen ist somit auch seine Nichtreproduzierbarkeit. Neben der thematischen Offenheit macht sich meist eine stärkere stilistische Freiheit bemerkbar. Zeichen von Flüchtigkeit oder Sorgfalt sind ausser den Formalia des Datums, der Anrede, des Textkörpers und der Unterschrift, über das geschriebene Wort hinaus nonverbale Informationen wie die Lesbarkeit der Schrift, die Wahl des Papiers, Schreibwerkzeug sowie die Länge eines Briefes (vgl. Ermert 1979, Nickisch 1991, Beyer/ Täubrich 1996, Zott 2003). Der Privatbrief wird zwar im graphischen Medium der Schrift realisiert, steht aber stilistisch der konzeptionellen "Mündlichkeit" näher. (Koch/ Oesterreicher 1994, 587) Der private Briefwechsel wird spontan aufgenommen und kann in der Regel ohne Zwang abgebrochen werden (vgl. Zott 2003). ...
And the Roads Lead to Nowhere : die Jungfrauenquelle und Last House on the Left als Transformationen
(2003)
Wes Cravens Last House on the Left (1972) ist ein Vorläufer des Rape-Revenge- enres, in dem auf eine Vergewaltigung gewaltsame Rache folgt. Er gehört zu denjenigen Filmen, die sich durch die Visualisierung exzessiver am Körper, am Fleisch verübter Gewalt auszeichnen und daher als Splatter bezeichnet werden. Die Entstehung des Splatterfilms wird mit der kulturellen Situation in den USA der Vietnam-Ära in Zusammenhang gebracht. Als filmische Vorläufer gelten Hitchcocks Psycho (1960) sowie frühe amerikanische Exploitation-Filme der 1960er Jahre, wie Herschell Gordon Lewis’ Blood Feast (1963) oder George A. Romeros Night of the Living Dead (1968). Neben den Verbindungen von Splatterfilmen der 1970er Jahre zum amerikanischen (Low-Budget-)Kino der vorausgehenden Dekade lassen sich aber auch Einflüsse des europäischen Autorenkinos auf das Genre ausmachen. Regisseure wie Carpenter, DePalma, Hooper und Romero werden in Anlehnung an den Auteur- egriff dem sich in den späten 1960ern entwickelnden »American Auteurism« zugerechnet (Carroll). Am Beispiel von Last House wird diese Verbindung offenkundig, denn bei Cravens Film handelt es sich um ein Remake von Jungfrukällan des schwedischen Regisseurs Ingmar Bergman von 1960. Der Film lief in den USA und Deutschland im selben Jahr unter dem Titel Virgin Spring respektive Die Jungfrauenquelle an.
Analyse morphologique du splanchnocrane chez les primates et ses rapports avec le prognathisme
(1956)
Chez les Mammifères inférieurs, les mâchoire et les cavités orbtitaires sont situées en avant du neurocrâne; chez les Primates, le massif facial se déplace et est en partie situé sous la cavité cranienne; chez l'Homme, non seulement le massif facial est réduit de volume, mais il est logé entièrement sous le neurocrâne. ...
U radu se analizira poglavlje Sprichwörter – Prirečja iz Kristijanovićeva Anhanga, aneksnog rječnika dodanog njegovoj Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart. Prirečja sadrže kajkavsku paremiološku građu s njemačkim ekvivalentima koja se analizira s obzirom na njezine izvore i leksikografsku obradbu. Pokazuje se da osim poslovica rječnik sadrži i frazeme i kolokvijalne izraze. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje semantičkoj analizi poslovica i naznačuje na koji se aspekt ljudskog života pouka i poruka odnose.
Most systematic discussion of dyad morphemes has focussed on Australian languages, owing to a combination of their relative prevalence there, and the development of a descriptive tradition that investigates them in some depth. In the course of researching this paper, however, I became aware of functionally and semantically similar morphemes in many other parts of the world, almost invariably described in isolation from any typological reference point. I have incorporated such data as far as I am aware of it, in the hope that a systematic study will encourage other investigators to identify, and investigate in detail, similar constructions in a range of languages. The current state of our research, however, as well as some interesting geographical skewings that I discuss below, such that outside Australia dyad constructions almost exclusively employ reciprocal morphology, means that most of this paper will focus on Australian languages.
We present an architecture for the integration of shallow and deep NLP components which is aimed at flexible combination of different language technologies for a range of practical current and future applications. In particular, we describe the integration of a high-level HPSG parsing system with different high-performance shallow components, ranging from named entity recognition to chunk parsing and shallow clause recognition. The NLP components enrich a representation of natural language text with layers of new XML meta-information using a single shared data structure, called the text chart. We describe details of the integration methods, and show how information extraction and language checking applications for realworld German text benefit from a deep grammatical analysis.
The endomychid beetle genera Anidrytus Gerstaecker and Epopterus Chevrolat have been confused for many years. This paper discusses the similarities and differences of these genera, describes new species, makes some nomenclatural changes, and illustrates the genitalia for many species. New species described: Epopterus picticollis, E. bioculatus, E. confusus, E. gracilis, E. loretensis, E. anomalus, E. aravacus, E. atriventris, E. crypticus, E. quechuanus, E. callerianus, E. flavonotatus, E. submaculatus, E. parvus, Anidrytus nimbiferus, A. parki, A. compactus, A. gibbosus, A. circumcinctus, A. bechyneorum, A. batesi, A. mexicanus, A. trinitatis, A. major, A. humerosus, A. grandis, A. cardiosoma. New synonymies: E. vacuus Gerstaecker (= E. scalaris Gorham); E. decempunctatus Gerstaecker (= E. bifasciatus Pic); E. variegatus Erichson (= E. decoratus Kirsch); A. contractus Gerstaecker (= A. dolosus Gorham); A. helvolus Gerstaecker (= Ephebus ignobilis Gorham); A. parallelus Gerstaecker (= Ephebus depressus Gorham). Changes in nomenclatural status or combination: Epopterus kirshi Strohecker is reduced to a subspecies of E. partitus Gerstaecker; E. angustatus Strohecker is reduced to a subspecies of E. fasciatus (Fabricius); E. fuliginosus Guerin-Meneville is transferred to Anidrytus.
We present a CYK and an Earley-style algorithm for parsing Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG), using the deductive parsing framework. The characteristic property of the Earley parser is that we use a technique of range boundary constraint propagation to compute the yields of non-terminals as late as possible. Experiments show that, compared to previous approaches, the constraint propagation helps to considerably decrease the number of items in the chart.
Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) of the West Indian island of Dominica are composed of 111 genera and 214 species and subspecies. Some of the species listed are morphospecies, or are known to be undescribed, but all are identified at least to genus. Previously the fauna was recorded as 31 species. Numbers presented herein represent a seven-fold increase in species diversity. Furthermore, the widespread nature of many species demonstrates that the supposedly endemic faunas of many West Indian islands may be based on collecting biases or a lack of people capable of providing species level identifications.
A biodiversity inventory of the Lepidoptera of Pico Bonito National Park and vicinity, in the Department of Atlantida of northern Honduras, was initiated in 2009 to obtain baseline data. We present a revised checklist of Honduran butterfly species (updated from the initial 1967 lists), as well as the first comprehensive list of Honduran moths. Our updated list includes 550 species of Papilionoidea, 311 Hesperioidea, and 1,441 moth species.
Erster Theil: Die Einleitung über die Vorbereitung, Beschickung und Eröffnung der Ausstellung, und den ersten Abschnitt über die Erzeugnisse aus Seide, Wolle, Baumwolle, Flachs, Hanf und andere Spinn- und Webestoffe enthaltend.
Zweiter Theil erste Abtheilung: Berg- und Hüttenprodukte, grobe Metallarbeiten, Metallfabrikate und kurze Waaren, Instrumente, Uhren und Chronometer, Maschinen und Ackergeräthe, Gegenstände des Eisenbahn- und Schiffsbauwesens enthaltend.
Zweiter Theil zweite Abtheilung: Erzeugnisse aus Stein, Erden, Holz, Elfenbein, Leder und Ledersurrogaten.
Dritter und letzter Theil: Die Chemikalien, Konsumtibilien, die verschiedenen, für Bedürfnisse anderer Gewerbe, der Litteratur und der Künste bestimmten Erzeugnisse, den Besuch, Schluss und die Gesammt-Ergebnisse der Ausstellung, die Nachweisungen der verliehenen Auszeichnungen und sämmtlicher Aussteller enthaltend
Das gelehrte Übermenschentum bekam schon immer einen steifen Nacken, wenn es galt, auf die Niederungen des Gretchenschicksals hinabzublicken. Noch heute wissen die Faustforscher nicht so recht, worin er eigentlich besteht, der "tragische Gedanke". Sie ahnen nur, daß die alten Erklärungen überholungsbedürftig sind – Erklärungen, die noch aus der Zeit des kalten Geschlechterkrieges stammen. Auch in diesem Krieg war Deutschland geteilt. ...
Die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig (UBL) steht zur Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in einer speziellen Beziehung: Sie ist deren Archivbibliothek. Außerdem versorgt sie natürlich die Wissenschaftler der Akademie mit der von ihnen gewünschten wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert – dem Jahrhundert der Gründung der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig – hat die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig eine große Zahl an Schätzen des Weltschrifterbes erhalten, die sie bis heute bewahrt. Nun kommen im 21. Jahrhundert neue technische Möglichkeiten hinzu, und eine kleine Revolution ist perfekt: Alte Texte können in neuen Medien präsentiert bzw. veröffentlicht werden, die Erschließungsleistung der Bibliothekare kann unmittelbar für die Forschung bereitgestellt werden, darüber hinaus sind die Originale im Tresor der Bibliotheca Albertina gerade durch ihre erheblich verbesserte Zugänglichkeit über digitale Sekundärformen besser geschützt. Die laufenden Projekte der Universitätsbibliothek kann man seit Anfang 2008 auf der Homepage der UBL (www.ub.uni-leipzig.de) eigens aufgelistet finden (s. dort unter ›Projekte‹). Sie lassen sich in vier Gruppen gliedern und sollen im Folgenden kurz erläutert werden. Neuere Projektvorhaben werde ich im Anschluss daran erläutern. Die vier thematisch-kulturellen Gruppen, innerhalb deren Katalogisierungs-, Erschließungs- und Forschungsleistungen an der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig erbracht werden, sind 1. Texte der Antike, 2. Texte und Textträger des Mittelalters, 3. Texte aus dem orientalischen Kulturraum und 4. Quellentexte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Neuzeit.
Während die Tannhäuser- und die Bremberger-Ballade keine direkten Beziehungen zum Minnesang aufweisen, ist das im Moringer-Lied anders: hier singt der Held zwei Strophen eines Liedes, das durch die Liederhandschriften A, C und E als Lied Walthers von der Vogelweide bezeugt ist, das sogenannte „sumerlaten-Lied“. Es hat damit die längste ununterbrochene Wirkungsgeschichte eines mittelhochdeutschen Liebesliedes: der jüngste nachweisbare Druck stammt aus dem Jahre 1605 (…). Die lange produktive Rezeption des Liedes (…) [nimmt Volker Mertens] zum Ausgangspunkt (…) [seiner] Überlegungen und (…) [arbeitet sich] durch die Tradition zurück: von der Ballade zum Text der Hs. B (dazu kommt der Vergleich von B mit dem, was der Balladen-Autor daraus gemacht hat) bis zu dem komplexen Text, wie ihn die Handschriften A und C überliefern. Über das Verständnis der Eigenart der späten Texte und der on ihnen aktualisierten Valenzen des ältesten Textes will (…) [Volker Mertens] dann abschließend dessen Mehrdimensionalität erschließen.
An den Studiengängen der Abteilung für Germanistik und Deutsch als Fremdsprache unserer Universitäten nimmt das Fach „Deutsche Grammatik“ einen wichtigen Platz ein. Zu beobachten ist dabei, dass die Studierenden der grammatischen Strukturen des Deutschen sowohl in morphosyntaktischer und funktioneller Hinsicht nicht auf erforderlichem Niveau beherrschen. Dabei soll besondere Kraft darauf verwendet werden, die morphosyntaktischern Kenntnisse in aktive Sprachfähigkeit umzusetzen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, Gedanken und Vorschläge zu entwickeln, wie der Unterricht hinsichtlich unserer Zielgruppe fruchtbar, besonders für die funktionelle Beherrschung der deutschen Grammatik gestaltet werden kann.
Allwissendes Erzählen
(2004)
›Allwissendes Erzählen‹ und ›allwissender Erzähler‹ gehören zu den literaturwissenschaftlichen Begriffen, die viel gebraucht, aber selten definiert werden. Wer in den einschlägigen erzähltheoretischen Hand- und Einführungsbüchern nach diesen Stichworten sucht, tut es häufig vergebens. [...] Einerseits wird der Begriff des allwissenden Erzählens im literaturwissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch offenbar in einem erkenntnistheoretischen Sinne verwendet – es geht um ein durch keine empirischen Bedingungen begrenztes Wissen. Wenn allwissendes Erzählen aber in systematischer Verknüpfung (oder gar synonym) mit auktorialem Erzählen gebraucht wird, dann steht in der Regel ein anderer Aspekt im Vordergrund […]. Der Ausdruck ›auktorialer Erzähler‹ bezeichnet seit Stanzel einen persönlichen heterodiegetischen Erzähler, d.h. 'einen Erzähler, der zwar nicht der erzählten Welt angehört, aber eine individuelle Einschätzung und Bewertung des Erzählten zum Ausdruck bringt und dadurch ein bestimmtes ideologisches oder moralisches Profil gewinnt.' […] Trotz [einer] zeitweisen historischen Koppelung von allwissendem und auktorialem Erzählen handelt es sich jedoch um zwei systematisch voneinander unabhängige Aspekte, die in der Literaturgeschichte keineswegs immer gemeinsam auftreten. Im folgenden gehe ich nicht auf die moralischen Aspekte auktorialer Erzählerfiguren ein, sondern beschränke mich auf die erkenntnistheoretischen Besonderheiten allwissenden Erzählens.
Bei Zusammenstellung der nachfolgenden Uebersicht hatte der Verfasser zweierlei im Auge, einmal die Darlegung der administrativ-statistischen Einrichtungen in den verschiedenen Staaten und dann den rein praktischen Zweck, denjenigen, welche sich mit statistischen Fragen beschäftigen, einen Quellenanzeiger der administrativen Statistik zu liefern. ...
Alles nach Plan, alles im Griff : der diskursive Raum der DDR-Literatur in den Fünfziger Jahren
(2004)
Die DDR-Literatur gehört nicht mehr zu den bevorzugten Forschungsgebieten der Literaturwissenschaft. Die letzte umfassende Darstellung erschien 1996. Die Auslandsgermanistik allerdings ist von einem anhaltenden Interesse gekennzeichnet. Nahezu vergessen scheinen die fünfziger Jahre. Die folgenden Überlegungen möchten die These ins Spiel bringen, dass dies nicht zufällig so ist. Obwohl noch Ende der siebziger Jahre emphatisch von der Herausbildung einer sozialistischen Nationalliteratur gesprochen wurde, ist heute abzusehen, dass kein einziges Werk der DDR-Literatur aus den Fünfzigern in den Kanon der deutschen Nachkriegsliteratur eingehen wird, sieht man von Uwe Johnsons Roman "Mutmaßungen über Jakob" ab, der zwar in der DDR geschrieben wird, jedoch 1959 in der Bundesrepublik erscheint. Man muss ohnehin fast immer die Fernleihe des Bibliothekenverbunds bemühen, um diese Werke überhaupt noch in die Hand zu bekommen.
Gegenstand dieses Aufsatzes ist das Wechselspiel von narratologischen und didaktischen Erwägungen in Konrads ›Büchlein von der geistlichen Gemahelschaft‹. Diese mystagogische Allegorie aus dem 14. Jahrhundert, die locker mit der Familie der ›Tochter Syon‹-Texte verbunden ist, hat explizit die 'pezzerung' seiner Leserschaft zum Ziel und rechtfertigt mit Hinweis darauf den Gebrauch des 'geleichnus' (einer Form der uneigentlichen Rede). [...] Dieser Aufsatz wird die Konstruktion dieser Allegorie unter vier Aspekten untersuchen: zum Ersten die Verschmelzung eines Hohelied-Szenariums mit Erzählstoffen aus verschiedenen Gleichnissen des Neuen Testaments; zweitens die Einbettung verschiedener selbstständiger 'pispel', von denen einige sich ebenfalls an Gleichnisse des Neuen Testaments anlehnen, in das überspannende 'geleichnus', das die Gesamterzählung ausmacht; drittens das zeitweilige Überlappen der Welt des 'geleichnus' mit der der Leserschaft, und schließlich die Positionierung von 'pezzerung' sowohl innerhalb als außerhalb der Diegese.
1 Introdução Os falantes da língua Xingoni são os descendentes do grupo etnolinguístico oriundo das migrações dos Nguni. No mfecane, causado pelas guerras do Shaka Zulu e Dingiswayo, numerosas populações foram movimentadas em vastas zonas geográficas de África Austral. Essas ondas demográficas chegaram até a província de Cabo Delgado. Xingoni é a variante de referência, falada nos distritos de Montepuez, Nangade, Meluco, Mueda, Muidumbe e Nangade. Existe a probabilidade da existência de mais falantes do Xingoni na província do Niassa, no distrito de Milepa e na província de Tete, concretamente no distrito de Angônia. Fora do território nacional, o Xingoni é também falado no Malawi e na Tanzânia. Também se ouve falar duma língua Xingoni na Zâmbia. Dado que a língua Xingoni pertence às línguas moçambicanas menos estudadas, achei oportuno convidar um grupo de falantes ao workshop “Descubra a sua língua” que teve lugar em Abril deste ano. Juntaram-se aos outros participantes e desenvolveram actividades que culminaram na produção desta versão experimental daquilo que mais tarde se possam tornar “Algumas Notas gramaticais sobre a língua Xingoni.” O modelo da descrição segue os mesmos princípios que norteavam as notas gramaticais das línguas Emakhuwa, Etakwane, Imarenje e Ekoti. Espero que essas notas possam servir de modelo e inspiração para elaborar mais descrições gramaticais nas línguas menos estudadas. Oliver Kröger Assessor linguístico da SIL Moçambique Nampula, dia 3 de Agosto de 2006
Prefácio (...) O Objectivo A finalidade deste livrinho é de publicar dados de uma língua minoritária para contribuir ao património cultural da nação moçambicana, de que Imarenje faz parte. O próximo passo será a implem-entação de mais correcções e modificações necessárias, seja nos detalhes ortográficos, seja na escolha de exemplos e frases. Neste sentido faço um apelo a todos que se interessam pelo desenvolvi-mento das línguas nacionais, em particular aos falantes de Imarenje: Façam comentários, contribuam para que futuras edições deste livrinho possam ser mais ricas! Oliver Kröger Editor da série Monografias Linguísticas Moçambicanas Nampula, Outubro de 2006
Prefácio Estas notas gramaticais são o resultado dos trabalhos da Sociedade Internacional de Linguística (SIL), em Moçambique. O propósito da série Mongrafias Linguísticas Moçambicanas é de encorajar o uso da língua local, neste caso concreto, do Echuwabo através da descrição estruturada e facilitar ao público em geral um melhor acesso a mais um aspecto da rica cultura moçambicana. As notas sobre Ecuwabu foram produzidas durante o workshop “Descubra a Sua Língua”, conduzido no centro de treinamento da SIL, na cidade de Nampula, de 4 a 20 de Junho de 2006. Os participantes receberam formação na estrutura das línguas bantu em geral, depois investigaram suas línguas maternas. Esta brochura não serve como “a última palavra” sobre a língua Ecuwabu, mas serve para estimular mais interesse no uso e estudo da língua Ecuwabu, seja pelos falantes, seja por não falantes deste idioma. Importa salientar que a audiência que tinhamos na mente é o cidadão sem formação académica, aos estudiosos recomendamos a leitura dos livros e artigos linguísticos indicados no anexo bibliográfico. Queria agradecer o Sr. Romão Marçal, que teclou este documento no computador, e as nossas colegas, Sra. Susan Seiler e Sra. Marijane Beutler que fizeram o trabalho de formatação e impressão do presente livro. dr. Oliver Kröger Nampula, Junho de 2003
Prefácio Este esboço gramatical teve origem nos trabalhos da Sociedade Internacional de Linguística (SIL) em Moçambique. O que se procura nesta modesta contribuição ao ambiente sociocultural é apresentar um modelo simples da descrição de aspectos gramaticais para encorajar o uso da língua local e facilitar ao público um melhor acesso a um aspecto da sua rica cultura. O esboço aqui apresentado é uma breve introdução à língua Ekoti que foi produzido durante um seminário linguístico em Julho 2004 no escritório do programa Ekoti em Angoche. Este pequeno estudo segue o padrão das “Notas Gramaticais sobre a Língua Emakhuwa”, o primeiro estudo na série “Monografias Linguísticas Moçambicanas, elaborado em 2003, imprimido em 2006. Queremos endereçar os nossos agradecimentos calorosos ao Governo Distrital do Distrito de Angoche, ao Conselho Municipal, e à Direcção Distrital da Educação e Cultura que facilitam um clima vantajoso para o desenvolvimento e a pesquisa da língua Ekoti. Também queríamos agradecer ao povo Koti que tem o orgulho de elogiar a sua própria língua e sabedoria cultural. Akhili maali 'Ideias são riqueza' (provérbio local) Os autores Angoche, Abril de 2007
Sammelwerk mit englischer Musik des 17. Jahrhunderts für Violine oder Viola, mit Baß. Enthält 24 Kompositionen von Christopher Simpson, Anthony Poole, John Jenkins u.a. Zeitgenössische Handschrift. 1. Poole, Anthony : Battle and triumph 2. Poole, Anthony : Division [Einheitssacht.: Divertimenti, Vl B, a-Moll] 3. Simpson, Christopher : Prelude [Einheitssacht.: Preludes, Vl, D-Dur] 4. Pollwheel, Francis : Division 5. Nortcombe, Daniell : Division 6. Poole, Anthony : Chacone 7. Young, Peter : Division 8. Withey, John : Division 9. Poole, Anthony : Chacone 10. Poole, Anthony : Chacone 11.-13. herausgerissen 14. Poole, Anthony : Division 15. Jenkins, John : 1. Division 16. Jenkins, John : 2. Division 17. Norcombe, Daniell : 3. Division 18. Simpson, Christopher : 1. Division 19. Simpson, Christopher : 2. Division 20. Simpson, Christopher : 3. Division 21. Simpson, Christopher : Division 22. Poole, Anthony : Division 23. Baltzar, Thomas : Allmand 24. Baltzar, Thomas : Corant
U radu se promatraju akuzativne dopune uz desetak neprijelaznih glagola u hrvatskome jeziku te se razmatra njihova pripadnost kategoriji unutrašnjih objekata. Uspoređuju se sintaktička i semantička svojstva takvih dopuna: broj imenica koje se pojavljuju uz neprijelazni glagol, obvezatnost modifikacije imenice, paralelnost instrumentalnih i akuzativnih sintagmā, mogućnost parafraze instrumentalnom sintagmom te mogućnost pronominalizacije i pasivizacije. Autorice zaključuju da sve dopune istraživanih neprijelaznih glagola ne pripadaju istomu tipu dopuna te ih je potrebno gramatički i terminološki razdvojiti. Također pretpostavljaju da unutrašnji objekti u hrvatskome mogu imati argumentno i adjunktno čitanje, što je u skladu s nekim nedavno iznesenim tvrdnjama za druge jezike.
In Ergänzung zu früheren Veröffentlichungen (z. B. Pedersen & Weber 1993) wird eine aktualisierte Übersicht über die Brombeerflora (Rubus L. subgen. Rubus) von Niedersachsen und Bremen gegeben. Bis jetzt sind 169 Arten der Sektionen Rubus und Corylifolii in diesem Gebiet nachgewiesen. Davon gehören 117 zur Sektion Rubus und 52 zur Sektion Corylifolii. Fünf Arten der Sektion Rubus sind Gartenflüchtlinge und inzwischen völlig eingebürgert: Rubus allegheniensis, R. armeniacus, R. canadensis und R. laciniatus. Selten und zufällig eingeschleppt wurden Rubus bifrons und R. ulmifolius. Somit besteht die Brombeerflora in Niedersachsen und Bremen aus 162 einheimischen Arten, von denen 52 (= 32%) zur Sektion Corylifolii gehören.
Hauptsacht. 1.1907,1: Akten und Recesse der livländischen Ständetage. Band 1 (1304-1460), Erste Lieferung, Riga : Deubner, 1907. Hrsg. von Oskar Stavenhagen. Behandelt die Zeit 1304-1404.
Band 1 (1304-1460), Zweite Lieferung (1404-1417), Riga : Jonck & Poliewsky, 1923. Bearb. von Oskar Stavenhagen und Leonid Arbusow jun.
Band 2, (1460-1494), Erste Lieferung (1460-1466), Riga : Bruhns, 1934. Bearb. von Albert Bauer.
Band 2, (1460-1494), Zweite Lieferung (1467 -1472), Riga : Bruhns, 1938. Bearb. von Albert Bauer.
Türkiye’de son yıllarda birçok üniversitede çeşitli dillere yönelik “mütercim-tercümanlık”, daha yeni bir tanımla “çeviribilim” bölümlerinin açılmasıyla birlikte çeviri eğitimi, bilimsel açıdan araştırmaya değer bir konu haline gelmiştir. Sayıları yıldan yıla artarak bugün 20’ye ulaşan çeviri bölümlerinin hedef ve temel ilkeleri, son on yıllarla ifade edilen evreli bir gelişim sürecinde kurumsallaşmaya yaklaşan “çeviribilim” alanı açısından araştırılmaya değer olgusal durum olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir yandan Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin çeviri programlarını temel alarak sürdürülen eğitim-öğretim etkinliklerini, ortaya koydukları hedefler açısından ele alıp irdelemek; diğer yandan ise çeviri eğitimi uygulamaları ile çeviri eğitimine dönük olarak ortaya atılan yaklaşımlar arasındaki benzerlikleri - farklılıkları tartışmak, çeviri bölümlerinin eğitim-öğretim izlenceleri üzerinden çeviri eğitiminde görülen olası eksikliklere ve yetersizliklere ilişkin çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.
Explaining cross-country differences in growth rates requires not only an understanding of the link between growth and public policies, but also an understanding of why countries choose different public policies. This paper shows that ethnic diversity helps explain cross-country differences in public policies and other economic indicators. In the case of Sub-Ssharan Africa, economic growth is associated with low schooling, political instability, underdeveloped financial systems, distorted foreign exchange markets, high government deficits, and insufficient infrastructure. Africa's high ethnic fragmentation explains a significant part of most of these characteristics.
CONTENTS: WHITHER THE SOUTH AFRICAN PUBLISHING INDUSTRY ? 4;
APNET MESSAGE TO AFRICAN PUBLISHERS ON WORLD BOOK DAY 11 ;
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPERATORS IN CULTURE-RELATED INDUSTRIES 13;
4TH SALON INTERNATIONAL DU LIVRE D’ABIDJAN (SILA) 2004 16;
THE NIGERIA INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR (NIBF) 2004 20;
THE NOMA AWARD 2003 PRESENTATION 22;
A NEW CONSULTANCY FIRM IS FORMED 27;
EDILIS HOLD DEDICATION CEREMONY 30;
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 34;
NEWS FROM PARTNER ORGANISATIONS 41;
NOTICE 44;
PROMOTIONS 50
CONTENTS
NEPAD AND AFRICAN PUBLISHING 2
HISTORY AND CULTURES IN AFRICA : THE MOVEMENT OF BOOKS 4
CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FACING AFRICAN PUBLISHERS 8
SAFEGUARDS AUTHORS’ WORKS 10
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLISHING IN THE CARIBBEAN 11
2002 NOMA AWARD WINNER 14
A REPORT OF THE ZIMBABWE INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR (ZIBF) 16
THE UNIVERSITY TRAINING COURSE 18
APNET AT THE 2003 NAIROBI INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR 21
THE JOMO KENYATTA PRIZE 24
BUISINESS OPPORTUNUITIES 25
REPORT OF THE 4TH FOIRE INTERNATIONALE DU LIVRE DE OUAGADOUGOU 30
APNET’S SECOND STRATEGIC PLAN 32
FIFTH PAN AFRICAN BOOKSELLERS ASSOCIATION CONVENTION 35
NOTICES 37
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNUITIES OF INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE IN EAST AFRICA 38
PROMOTIONS 42
Advantageous fragmentation? : reimagining metropolitan governance and spatial planning in Rhine-Main
(2006)
This paper traces the latest round of debates about appropriate scales and scopes of government and governance in Rhine-Main - an economically highly integrated but politically, territorially and emotionally divided region. We identify a downscaling of political power from the regional to the municipal level, and an upscaling of informal networking and image building to an extended regional scale. These countertrends are signs of a more complex geographical rearrangement in municipal and institutional relations. The inherent contradictions in the rescaling and reimagining of Rhine-Main are evident in the Strategic Vision for Frankfurt/Rhein-Main 2020. Its new conceptualization of Rhine-Main postulates complementary polycentricity as a competitive asset but remains firmly grounded in an institutional territorial logic that contravenes its own economically-driven agenda.
In 1947, 20 species of Staphylinidae were reported from the Cayman Islands as a result of an Oxford University expedition there in 1938 which made extensive use of a light trap. The list is here expanded to 62 species based on collections by R. R. Askew, G. E. Ball, E. A. Dilbert, B. K. Dozier, E. J. Gerberg, P. J. Fitzgerald, M. C. Thomas, and R. H. Turnbow since 1970, all of whom also used light traps except for a collection or two by flight intercept trap.
Nine new species of Hyperaspis from various South American localities are described, illustrated, and compared with previously described taxa. New taxa are: Hyperaspis luciae, H. corcovado, H. divaricata, H. humboldti, H. mimica, H. praecipua, H. unimaculosa, H. drechseli, and H. esmeraldas. Hyperaspis pectoralis Crotch is recognized as a valid species of Hyperaspis and integrated into the existing classification.
An additional 137 species and two tribes are added to the cerambycid fauna of Bolivia while 12 species are deleted. This brings the total number of species known from Bolivia to 1,561. Comments and statistics regarding the growth of knowledge on the Bolivian Cerambycid fauna and species endemicity are included.
Die vorliegende Untersuchung bietet einen Beitrag zur Erhellung des neuzeitlichen Überlieferungsschicksals des Cod. Germ. 38. Im Folgenden sollen die Umstände aufgezeigt werden, die zu einem häufigen Besitzerwechsel unserer Handschrift in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 18. und ersten Dezenien des 19. Jahrhunderts geführt haben. Dies soll vor dem Hintergrund der frühen Geschichte der Klagenfurter Bibliothek erfolgen. Darüber hinaus wird mit konkreten Beispielen auf die Tätigkeit eines (unbekannten) Antiquars hingewiesen, der eine beträchtliche Zahl von mittelalterlichen Kodizes aus den Beständen der im Zuge der Josephinischen Reform aufgehobenen Klosterbibliotheken erworben und an Bibliophilen seiner Zeit weiterverkauft hat.
Background: Bacterial meningitis is associated with high mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. Increasing the phagocytic activity of microglia could improve the resistance of the CNS against infections. We studied the influence of activin A, a member of the TGF-β family with known immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effects, on the functions of microglial cells in vitro.
Methods: Primary murine microglial cells were treated with activin A (0.13 ng/ml–13 μg/ml) alone or in combination with agonists of TLR2, 4, and 9. Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli K1 as well as release of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and NO was assessed.
Results: Activin A dose-dependently enhanced the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli K1 by microglial cells activated by agonists of TLR2, 4, and 9 without further increasing NO and proinflammatory cytokine release. Cell viability of microglial cells was not affected by activin A.
Conclusions: Priming of microglial cells with activin A could increase the elimination of bacteria in bacterial CNS infections. This preventive strategy could improve the resistance of the brain to infections, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients.
Ach du dicke Trespe!
(2007)
Die dicke Trespe gehört zu den bedrohten Pflanzenarten Baden-Württembergs, für die das Land in besonderer Verantwortung steht. Ziel des Faltblattes ist, Landwirte und Öffentlichkeit gleichermaßen über Gefährdungsursachen und Maßnahmen zum Schutz dieser in ganz Mitteleuropa äußerst selten gewordenen Süßgrasart zu informieren.
Abulaamu namu Ishaki
(2010)
Abschied von Gestern : über den Jungen und den Neuen Deutschen Film von 1962 bis in die Gegenwart?
(2000)
Verdächtig war schon immer der Künstler, der etwas mitzuteilen hatte, das sich im Jenseitigen der ökonomischen Einheitsaussagen ansiedelte. Parteigängertum warf man ihm schlimmstenfalls vor; und wenn diese Aussage dann auch noch ganz unverhohlen soziale oder politische Implikationen trug, so konnte sich der Künstler einer regen und zum Ärger erregten Öffentlichkeit bereits sicher sein. Dies gilt heute genauso wie 1945 in der Bundesrepublik. Sicherlich: Damals kam die Kritik an den Umständen und das beständige Herbeizitieren der jüngsten Vergangenheit nicht gut an, weil man doch "neu anfangen" wollte, das Schlimme hinter sich und das Gute vor sich sehen wollte. Heutzutage nerven soziale oder politische Aussagen der Kunst nur noch, weil sie uns dazu bewegen wollen, doch endlich etwas zu unternehmen gegen die angeprangerten Missstände. Aus dieser Sicht muss der damals Junge bzw. Neue Deutsche Film heute antiquierter wirken, als die Filmbeiträge, die dieses Projekt damals hinter sich lassen wollte.
Der angewandten Ornithologie stellt sich die neue Aufgabe, für die artenschutzrechtliche Prüfung nach BNatG lokale Populationen für jede planungsrelevante Vogelart zu definieren. Der Beitrag stellt den in Nordrhein-Westfalen erarbeiteten Ansatz vor, in praxistauglicher Weise Typen von lokalen Populationen zu benennen und diese dann den Vogelarten zuzuordnen. Die lokalen Populationen bilden dann die Bezugsebene für die Bewertung der Erheblichkeit der Auswirkungen von Planungen bzw. genehmigungspflichtigen Vorhaben auf planungsrelevante Vogelarten.
Aaparahamu ni Isaaki
(2010)
This paper reports on the SYN-RA (SYNtax-based Reference Annotation) project, an on-going project of annotating German newspaper texts with referential relations. The project has developed an inventory of anaphoric and coreference relations for German in the context of a unified, XML-based annotation scheme for combining morphological, syntactic, semantic, and anaphoric information. The paper discusses how this unified annotation scheme relates to other formats currently discussed in the literature, in particular the annotation graph model of Bird and Liberman (2001) and the pie-in-thesky scheme for semantic annotation.
With the discovery of Mitocybe auriportae Cook and Loomis, 1928 (Platydesmida: Andrognathidae) in Alameda County (Co.), east of San Francisco Bay, a potential overall distribution in coastal California is projected based on those of partly congruent diplopods. The area extends from northern Mendocino to central Monterey cos. and inland to central Lake, Yolo, and Santa Clara cos.
Traditionally, parsers are evaluated against gold standard test data. This can cause problems if there is a mismatch between the data structures and representations used by the parser and the gold standard. A particular case in point is German, for which two treebanks (TiGer and TüBa-D/Z) are available with highly different annotation schemes for the acquisition of (e.g.) PCFG parsers. The differences between the TiGer and TüBa-D/Z annotation schemes make fair and unbiased parser evaluation difficult [7, 9, 12]. The resource (TEPACOC) presented in this paper takes a different approach to parser evaluation: instead of providing evaluation data in a single annotation scheme, TEPACOC uses comparable sentences and their annotations for 5 selected key grammatical phenomena (with 20 sentences each per phenomena) from both TiGer and TüBa-D/Z resources. This provides a 2 times 100 sentence comparable testsuite which allows us to evaluate TiGer-trained parsers against the TiGer part of TEPACOC, and TüBa-D/Z-trained parsers against the TüBa-D/Z part of TEPACOC for key phenomena, instead of comparing them against a single (and potentially biased) gold standard. To overcome the problem of inconsistency in human evaluation and to bridge the gap between the two different annotation schemes, we provide an extensive error classification, which enables us to compare parser output across the two different treebanks. In the remaining part of the paper we present the testsuite and describe the grammatical phenomena covered in the data. We discuss the different annotation strategies used in the two treebanks to encode these phenomena and present our error classification of potential parser errors.
A taxonomic review of the ancora species group of Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
(2012)
The taxonomy of the ancora species group of Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is reviewed and seven species are recognized, all from southern Africa: Graphipterus ancora Dejean, Graphipterus cordiger Dejean, Graphipterus distinctus Péringuey (new status), Graphipterus fasciatus Chaudoir, Graphipterus fritschi Chaudoir, Graphipterus wahlbergi Boheman (new status), and Graphipterus westwoodi Brême (new status).
Diagnostic features are provided for each species and adult specimens of each species are illustrated.
The goals of this exercise are essentially threefold: (1) to rescrutinize, archaeologically, epigraphically and linguistically, the pre-Roman inscriptions of the justly famous Negau A and B helmets, (2) to identify "eastward graphemic drift" in preRoman northern Italy and (3) to reconsider and perhaps identify the origin of the Germanic runes in light of (1) and (2). While moving toward these goals, we cite but a sampling of the burgeoning literature, some of which may not be generally known or easily accessible, in these rapidly expanding venues; see Ellis (1998) for a recent overview in English.
The Caribbean Islands (or the West Indies) are recognized as one of the leading global biodiversity hot
spots. This is based on data on species, genus, and family diversity for vascular plants and non-marine vertebrates. This
paper presents data on genus level endemicity for the most speciose (but less well publicised) group of terrestrial
animals: the beetles, with 205 genera (in 25 families) now recognized as being endemic (restricted) to the West Indies.
The predominant families with endemic genera are Cerambycidae (41), Chrysomelidae (28), Curculionidae (26), and
Staphylinidae (25). This high level of beetle generic endemicity can be extrapolated to suggest that a total of about
700 genera of all insects could be endemic to the West Indies. This far surpasses the total of 269 endemic genera of all
plants and non-marine vertebrates, and reinforces the biodiversity richness of the insect fauna of the West Indies.
The monotypic aesaline genus Lucanobium Howden and Lawrence (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) was previously known only from Venezuela. A second species is here described as new from French Guiana, extending the range of the genus approximately 1800 km to the southeast. The generic description of Lucanobium is updated with respect to the discovery of a second species.
A saga dos Chingunji
(2009)
Na verdade, é possível estabelecer um paralelo entre os Kennedy e os Chingunji. Isso poderia ser útil para se encontrar alguns pontos em comum sobre as fontes de uma saga. As sagas acontecem, por norma, em famílias numerosas, inteligentes, dinâmicas, empreendedoras, com um grande protagonismo social e político, que agem em função do projecto familiar de um patriarca. Diz-nos Klein que, para o caso dos Kennedy, a saga abateu-se sobre esta família pelo facto de Patrick Kennedy, um irlandês, que emigrou para os Estados Unidos da América, em 1858, ter deixado um legado de humilhação que estimulou a “imprudência e o comportamento arriscado dos seus descendentes”. Patrick Kennedy morreu aos 35 anos de tuberculose. Talvez não seja o caso do patriarca dos Chingunji, Eduardo Jonatão Chingunji. No entanto, não resta dúvida alguma de que o legado por ele deixado – meter-se na vida política – tenha, sob o efeito de bola de neve, levado todos os seus descendentes para o caminho dramático que se conhece.
The Sclerocoelus galapagensis group is defined and revised, including the description of S. galapagensis new species from the Galapagos Islands; S. caribensis new species from the Caribbean and adjacent areas; S. brasilensis new species from Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama; S. hemorrhoidal is new species from Ecuador and Venezuela; and S. andensis new species from Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela. The south Atlantic species Sclerocoelus subbrevipennis (Frey), new combination, is redescribed as a member of the S. galapagensis group, and is considered the sister species to the rest of the species group. A key to species, character matrix, and cladogram are provided.
A revision of the genus Gymnetina Casey, 1915 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini)
(2011)
The genus Gymnetina Casey (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini) is redescribed and revised. Three new species and one new subspecies are described: G. borealis Warner and Ratcliffe, G. grossepunctata Ratcliffe and Warner, G. howdeni Warner and Ratcliffe, and G. cretacea sundbergi Warner and Ratcliffe. Gymnetina salicis (Bates), new status, is removed from synonymy with G. cretacea (LeConte), and G. alboscripta (Janson) is transferred from Gymnetis MacLeay to Gymnetina becoming Gymnetina alboscripta (Janson), new combination. Redescriptions of previously known species, a key for identification, and illustrations of the six species are provided. A brief biogeographical analysis suggests that ancestral taxa dispersed northwards from Guatemala and Mexico to the southwestern United States.
Motyxia Chamberlin is comprised of eight species of bioluminescent xystocheirine millipeds in which the gonopodal solenomere arises at different positions, from basally and subbasally on the acropodite to being fused with the companion acropodal branch and detaching proximad or near midlength. Previous synonymies of Amplocheir Chamberlin and LuminodeslnllS Loomis and Davenport under Motyxia are confirmed as is its assignment to the tribe Xystocheirini, which is redefined. Component species are 111. Iwnw Chamberlin, the type species, monica Chamberlin, sequoiae (Loomis and Davenport), tularea (Chamberlin), sequoia (Chamberlin), pior Chamberlin, porrecta Causey and Tiemann, and tiemanni Causey. Motyxia sequoia is comprised oftwo races, the nominate and sequoia alia Causey and Tiemann; sequoia ollae Causey and Tiemann is properly a subspecies of tularea. 1I1otyxiapiorform secea is an invalid name without standing in nomenclature, and M. tejona Chamberlin, and M. expansa and exilis, both by Loomis, are placed in synonymy under M. monica, the oldest name for the southernmost species, as Polydesllws dissectus Wood is referrable to Xystocheir Cook. The bioluminescence is a continuous, neon-white glow of the entire dorsal surface including the antennae and legs. Its visibility at night suggests a warning function analogous to aposematic coloration. The phenomenon may observe a circadian rhythm, and controlled photoperiod experimentation may be productive.
Background: Kyrgyzstan, where HIV is concentrated in prisons and driven by injection drug use, provides a prison-based methadone maintenance therapy program as well as abstinence-oriented therapeutic community based on the 12-step model called the “Clean Zone.” We aimed to qualitatively assess how prisoners navigate between these treatment options to understand the persistence of the Clean Zone despite a lack of evidence to support its effectiveness in treating opioid use disorders.
Methods: We conducted an analysis of policy documents and over 60 h of participant observation in February 2016, which included focus groups with a convenience sample of 20 therapeutic community staff members, 110 prisoners across three male and one female prisons, and qualitative interviews with two former Clean Zone participants. Field notes containing verbatim quotes from participants were analyzed through iterative reading and discussion to understand how participants generally perceive the program, barriers to entry and retention, and implications for future treatment within prisons.
Results: Our analyses discerned three themes: pride in the mission of the Clean Zone, idealism regarding addiction treatment outcomes against all odds, and the demonization of methadone.
Conclusion: Despite low enrollment and lack of an evidence base, the therapeutic community is buttressed by the strong support of the prison administration and its clients as an “ordered” alternative to what is seen as chaotic life outside of the Clean Zone. The lack of services for Clean Zone patients after release likely contributes to high rates of relapse to drug use. The Clean Zone would benefit from integration of stabilized methadone patients combined with a post-release program.
Extreme economic effects globally of various populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) led to an in depth study of the morphology of that species as well as that of numerous other species of whiteflies in the genus Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and other similar appearing species. The data collected are presented here as illustrations of the puparia (fourth instar nymphal stages) and discussions of morphology as it relates to species and generic separations within this closely knit group of insects. A brief history of the pest outbreaks of B. tabaci is given and an overview of the important morphological characteristics of aleyrodine whiteflies is provided. Each of the eighty illustrations is accompanied by a discussion of the more important aspects of morphology.
This paper investigates the class of Tree-Tuple MCTAG with Shared Nodes, TT-MCTAG for short, an extension of Tree Adjoining Grammars that has been proposed for natural language processing, in particular for dealing with discontinuities and word order variation in languages such as German. It has been shown that the universal recognition problem for this formalism is NP-hard, but so far it was not known whether the class of languages generated by TT-MCTAG is included in PTIME. We provide a positive answer to this question, using a new characterization of TT-MCTAG.
Num dos artigos, relativos à história dos Ovimbundu, apresentamos três hipóteses sobre a possível origem deste grupo étnico, tendo-nos inclinado, depois de apresentarmos alguns factos, para a hipótese para nós a mais defensável segundo a qual os Ovimbundu descendem dos autores das pinturas rupestres de Caninguiri que, através de um processo de aculturação e miscigenação, foram adquirindo traços dos outros grupos bantu, chegados de paragens e latitudes longínquas. Os mitos possuem uma importância capital, porquanto a análise das narrativas permite não só resgatar elementos susceptíveis de subsidiar a análise de factos históricos (complementando as fontes escritas), como também auxiliar na identificação de elementos culturais com vista à construção da identidade de um determinado grupo étnico.
A origem dos Ovimbundu tem sido motivo de estudos apaixonados por parte de vários historiadores. Uma das razões tem a ver com o facto de se tratar de um grupo étnico que marcou (e continua a marcar), de modo profundo, a história económica, social, política e cultural da porção de território que hoje se chama Angola.
Als die amerikanische Rockband Matchbox Twenty im Jahr 2004 nach dem Start ihres Albums More Than You Think You Are auf Tour durch die Vereinigten Staaten gingen, beschlossen sie, der Tour einen Konzertfilm folgen zu lassen. Er wurde unter dem Titel SHOW: A NIGHT IN THE LIFE OF MATCHBOXTWENTY als Doppel-DVD veröffentlicht.
Neoma, a new genus of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Macrotomini) is described for Mallodonopsis corrosus Bates, 1879, compared to related genera (Aplagiognathus Thomson, 1861; Archodontes Lameere, 1903; and Mallodonopsis Thomson, 1861), and its tribal position discussed. A lectotype for Mallodonopsis corrosus is here designated with the species redescribed and figured.
A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Protomorgania koebelei.
Dooley and Evans, is described and illustrated from specimens collected by Albert Koebele on Pittosporum sp.
(Pittosporaceae) in Australia around the year 1900. A key to the genera of armored scale insects similar to Protomorgania
and known to occur in Australia is provided.
In AD 79 the town of Herculaneum was suddenly hit and overwhelmed by volcanic ash-avalanches that killed all its remaining residents, as also occurred in Pompeii and other settlements as far as 20 kilometers from Vesuvius. New investigations on the victims' skeletons unearthed from the ash deposit filling 12 waterfront chambers have now revealed widespread preservation of atypical red and black mineral residues encrusting the bones, which also impregnate the ash filling the intracranial cavity and the ash-bed encasing the skeletons. Here we show the unique detection of large amounts of iron and iron oxides from such residues, as revealed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Raman microspectroscopy, thought to be the final products of heme iron upon thermal decomposition. The extraordinarily rare preservation of significant putative evidence of hemoprotein thermal degradation from the eruption victims strongly suggests the rapid vaporization of body fluids and soft tissues of people at death due to exposure to extreme heat.
This paper provides an overview of current research on a hybrid and robust parsing architecture for the morphological, syntactic and semantic annotation of German text corpora. The novel contribution of this research lies not in the individual parsing modules, each of which relies on state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques. Rather what is new about the present approach is the combination of these modules into a single architecture. This combination provides a means to significantly optimize the performance of each component, resulting in an increased accuracy of annotation.
A hierarchy of local TDGs
(1998)
Many recent variants of Tree Adoining Grammars (TAG) allow an underspecifiaction of the parent relation between nodes in a tree, i.e. they do not deal with fully specified trees as it is the case with TAGs.Such TAG variants are for example Description Tree Grammars (DTG), Unordered Vector Grammars with Dominance Links (UVG-DL), a definition of TAGs via so-called quasi trees and Tree Description Grammars (TDG. The last TAg variant, local TDG, is an extension of TAG generating Tree Descriptions. Local TDGs even allow an underspecification of the dominance relation between node names and thereby provide the possibility to generate underspecified representations for structural ambiguities such as quantifier scope ambiguities. This abstract deals with formal properties of local TDGs. A hierarchiy of local TDGs is established together with a pumping lemma for local TDGs of a certain rank.
A glimpse of the tropics : spiders (Araneae) in the greenhouses of the Botanic Garden Berlin-Dahlem
(2008)
In a survey of the spider fauna in greenhouses of the Botanic Garden Berlin-Dahlem, 30 spider species were recorded. Two species are new to Europe: Theotima minutissima (Petrunkevitch, 1929) and Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1891). T. minutissima is the first member of the family Ochyroceratidae reported from Europe. Oecobius navus Blackwall, 1859 is new to Central Europe. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891, is recorded from Germany for the first time. Zodarion italicum (Canestrini, 1868) is new to eastern Germany. Despite the discovery of some species previously unknown to Germany, the spider fauna in the Botanic Garden consisted mainly of wellknown synanthropic species and common inhabitants of greenhouses. Several alien spiders recently found in greenhouses, garden centers and houses were not recorded in the Botanic Garden. The species composition of the exotic spider fauna in greenhouses seems to depend chiefly on the specific modes of acquisition of plants and plant substrate.
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. Looking only at the result of a derivation (i.e., the derived tree and the derivation tree), this simultaneity is no longer visible and therefore cannot be checked. I.e., this way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees the MCTAG licences.
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAGs) are a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of non-local MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. Looking only at the result of a derivation (i.e., the derived tree and the derivation tree), this simultaneity is no longer visible and therefore cannot be checked. I.e., this way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. We provide similar characterizations for various types of MCTAG. These characterizations give a better understanding of the formalisms, they allow a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, they can be exploited for parsing.
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. This way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. This definition gives a better understanding of the formalism, it allows a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, it can be exploited for parsing.
In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of a wide range of features for their usefulness in the resolution of nominal coreference, both as hard constraints (i.e. completely removing elements from the list of possible candidates) as well as soft constraints (where a cumulation of violations of soft constraints will make it less likely that a candidate is chosen as the antecedent). We present a state of the art system based on such constraints and weights estimated with a maximum entropy model, using lexical information to resolve cases of coreferent bridging.
Covalent inhibition has become more accepted in the past two decades, as illustrated by the clinical approval of several irreversible inhibitors designed to covalently modify their target. Elucidation of the structure-activity relationship and potency of such inhibitors requires a detailed kinetic evaluation. Here, we elucidate the relationship between the experimental read-out and the underlying inhibitor binding kinetics. Interactive kinetic simulation scripts are employed to highlight the effects of in vitro enzyme activity assay conditions and inhibitor binding mode, thereby showcasing which assumptions and corrections are crucial. Four stepwise protocols to assess the biochemical potency of (ir)reversible covalent enzyme inhibitors targeting a nucleophilic active site residue are included, with accompanying data analysis tailored to the covalent binding mode. Together, this will serve as a guide to make an educated decision regarding the most suitable method to assess covalent inhibition potency. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.