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Die Arbeit behandelt die Messung von Photonen mit Teilchendetektoren, die auf digitalen Silizium-Pixelsensoren basieren. Diskutiert werden zwei wesentliche Schritte in den Upgrade-Programmen des ALICE-Experiments am CERN-LHC:
1. FOCAL-Detektor-Upgrade (2027): Untersuchung der Detektorantwort des elektromagnetischen Pixel-Kalorimeters EPICAL-2 und der Form elektromagnetischer Schauer durch Teststrahl-Messungen und Monte Carlo Simulationen.
2. ALICE 3-Upgrade (2035): Simulationsstudien zum Untergrund in der Messung von Photonen mit sehr kleinem Transversalimpuls.
Teil 1: Performance des elektromagnetischen Pixel-Kalorimeters EPICAL-2
Detektordesign und Testmessungen: EPICAL-2, ein SiW-Sandwich-Design-Kalorimeter mit ALPIDE Sensoren, besitzt eine Tiefe von ca. 20 Strahlungslängen und etwa 25 Millionen Pixel. Testmessungen wurden an der Universität Utrecht (kosmische Myonen) sowie am DESY und CERN-SPS (Elektronen) durchgeführt.
Simulation und Validierung: Das EPICAL-2 wird im Simulationspaket Allpix2 implementiert, um die Testmessungen zu validieren und das Detektorverhalten zu untersuchen. Systematische Variationen bestätigen die Stabilität und Reproduzierbarkeit der Simulation.
Datenaufbereitung und Schauerprofile: Im Rahmen der Datenanalyse werden fehlerhafte Pixel ausgeschlossen, Pixel-Treffer zu Clustern gruppiert, Chips kalibriert und der Strahlwinkel korrigiert. Das longitudinale Profil elektromagnetischer Schauer zeigt, dass das Schauermaximum in der Simulation etwas tiefer liegt als in den Testdaten, was auf zusätzliches Material oder eine unvollständige Beschreibung der Schauerentwicklung in der Simulation zurückzuführen sein könnte. Das laterale Profil zeigt, dass eine Schauertrennung im Millimeter-Bereich möglich ist.
Energieantwort und -auflösung: Die nicht-lineare Energieantwort wird sowohl in Testdaten als auch in Simulationen beobachtet. Die Energieauflösung des EPICAL-2 für Cluster ist besser als für Pixeltreffer und vergleichbar mit dem analogen CALICE-Prototypen. Simulationen ohne Strahlenergie-Fluktuationen zeigen eine bessere Energieauflösung als in den Testdaten.
Teil 2: Untergrund in der Messung von Photonen in ALICE 3
Simulationssetup: Die ALICE 3-Detektorgeometrie wird in GEANT4 implementiert, um den Untergrund in der Messung weicher Photonen zu untersuchen. Simulationen mit PYTHIA und GEANT4 zeigen, dass der Untergrund hauptsächlich aus Zerfallsphotonen und Photonen aus externer Bremsstrahlung besteht.
Ergebnisse der Untergrundstudien: Der Untergrund durch Photonen aus externer Bremsstrahlung dominiert und liegt im Akzeptanzbereich des FCT um einen Faktor von 5 bis 10 über dem theoretischen Signal weicher Photonen. In der Simulation wird das Material zu 8%—14% X0 in ALICE 3 bestimmt, wobei bereits bei 5% X0 der Untergrund genauso stark ist wie das erwartete Signal.
Möglichkeiten zur Untergrundreduzierung: Untersuchungen zeigen, dass ein Elektron-Veto das Signal-zu-Untergrund-Verhältnis um den Faktor 30 verbessern und eine Materialreduktion durch ein optimiertes Strahlrohr um den Faktor 7.
Die Ergebnisse des ersten Teils dieser Arbeit demonstrieren insgesamt die gute Performance des EPICAL-2 in Bezug auf die Energiemessung und die Bestimmung der Schauerform. Darüber hinaus unterstützen sie den Einsatz digitaler Kalorimeter im FOCAL-Upgrade des ALICE-Experiments und zeigen das Potenzial der digitalen Kalorimetertechnologie für zukünftige Hochenergiephysik-Experimente.
Die Ergebnisse des zweiten Teils dieser Arbeit liefern einen wesentliche Beitrag zum geplanten ALICE 3-Upgrade. Weiterhin veranschaulichen sie, wie ein Elektron-Veto und die Reduzierung des Materials zusammen eine vielversprechende Messstrategie bilden können.
Kinder und Jugendliche beschäftigen sich gerne mit audiovisuellen, auditiven und interaktiven Medien. Das Buch gerät im Mediengeflecht zunehmend in den Hintergrund. Um für die junge Zielgruppe attraktiv zu sein, setzen Verlage auf Bücher, die Themen, Geschichten und Darstellungsweisen aus anderen Medien aufgreifen. Dazu gehören auch die sogenannten Medienbegleitbücher, die in Bezug zu einem Film, einer Serie, einem Hörspiel oder einem digitalen Spiel stehen. Diese Bücher ermöglichen Kindern aufgrund der bereits bekannten Geschichten, Charaktere und Dialoge einen erleichterten Zugang zu Literatur und locken mit besonderen Gratifikationen, die vorlagenfreie Bücher nicht zu bieten haben. Daher sind sie als Lesestoffe auch für die Leseförderung interessant.
Diese Arbeit untersucht daher, welche Stellung Medienbegleitbücher im Kinder- und Jugendbuchmarkt sowie in der Leseförderung haben. Im ersten Teil liegt der Fokus auf der Produktion und Distribution von Begleitbüchern. Mithilfe einer Recherche im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek wurden das Marktangebot erarbeitet und Rückschlüsse auf die Entwicklung des Genres gezogen. Jahresbestsellerlisten des Buchreport geben einen Eindruck vom Verkauf der Bücher. Forschungsliteratur zum Thema Lizenzen und Kommunikationspolitik in Verlagen ergänzt den Marktüberblick durch die Perspektive von Handel und Herstellung.
Im folgenden Kapitel werden unter Zuhilfenahme von Forschungsliteratur und Studien die Potenziale der Begleitbücher geschildert. Rezensionen und Bewertungen zu Medienbegleitbüchern auf LovelyBooks und Amazon geben Aufschluss über die Einstellung der Leser*innen und Beiträge in Zeitschriften der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur zeigen die Meinung der Vermittler*innen zu Begleitbüchern.
Der letzte Abschnitt der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz der Medienbegleitbücher in der Leseförderung. Stellvertretend für Angebote in der Familie und in Kindertagesstätten wurde die Arbeit der Stiftung Lesen Mainz betrachtet. Eine Analyse der Angebote und ein Experten-Interview geben nähere Einblicke in die Einbindung von Medienbegleitbüchern. Die Didaktik-Forschung gibt Auskunft über die Integration von Medienbegleitbüchern und Medienverbünden in den Unterricht. Im Bereich der außerschulischen Leseförderung wurde der Einsatz von Medienbegleitbüchern in den Lesestunden von Mentor e.V. Mainz mit einer Online-Umfrage unter den Mentor*innen untersucht. Der Katalog der Anna Seghers Bücherei Mainz zeigt das Angebot an Medienbegleitbüchern in Büchereien auf. Der Instagram-Account der Bücherei lässt Rückschlüsse über den Einsatz von Begleitbüchern in Aktionen zu.
Zusammenfassend konnte festgehalten werden, dass Medienbegleitbücher ein wichtiges Segment des Kinder- und Jugendbuchmarktes darstellen, hohe Umsätze generieren können und für den Handel von Bedeutung sind. Aufgrund des vielfältigen Angebots und der verschiedenen Vertriebswege können viele Zielgruppen angesprochen und erreicht sowie Barrieren zum Medium Buch abgebaut werden. Obwohl die Erfahrungen von Familienangehörigen und Mentor*innen belegen, dass sich Begleitbücher positiv auf die Lesemotivation und das Leseverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen auswirken können, werden sie in der Leseförderung bislang eher am Rande berücksichtigt. Sie werden zwar empfohlen, aber Konzepte für und Evaluationen von Projekten fehlen. Die Potenziale der Medienbegleitbücher und ihrer Medienverbünde werden daher nicht ausgeschöpft. Medienbegleitbücher sollten zunehmend in den Fokus gerückt und als Chance wahrgenommen werden, Heranwachsende für Bücher zu begeistern und ihre Lesefreude zu wecken.
We compute the critical exponents of the O(N) model within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach. We use recent advances which are based on the observation that the FRG flow equation can be put into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. This allows to employ well-tested hydrodynamical algorithms for its solution. In this study we work in the local potential approximation (LPA) for the effective average action and put special emphasis on estimating the various sources of errors. Our results complement previous results for the critical exponents obtained within the FRG approach in LPA. Despite the limitations imposed by restricting the discussion to the LPA, the results compare favorably with those obtained via other methods.
We compute the critical exponents of the O(N) model within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach. We use recent advances which are based on the observation that the FRG flow equation can be put into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. This allows to employ well-tested hydrodynamical algorithms for its solution. In this study we work in the local potential approximation (LPA) for the effective average action and put special emphasis on estimating the various sources of errors. Our results complement previous results for the critical exponents obtained within the FRG approach in LPA. Despite the limitations imposed by restricting the discussion to the LPA, the results compare favorably with those obtained via other methods.
We reanalyze some critical exponents of the 𝑂(𝑁) model within the functional renormalization group (FRG) approach in the local potential approximation (LPA). We use recent advances which are based on the observation that the FRG flow equation in LPA can be put into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. This allows to employ well-tested hydrodynamical algorithms for its solution to better estimate various sources of errors. Our results complement previous results for the critical exponents obtained within the FRG approach in LPA and compare favorably with those obtained via other methods.
Highlights
• We propose a framework to address landscape effects on ecosystem services.
• We expect ecosystem service flows to be modulated by the amount and configuration of supply and demand areas.
• We stress the role of neutral areas in facilitating or hindering ecosystem service flows.
• Supply/demand ratios, spatial overlap, and ES characteristics need to be accounted for when assessing flows.
• We propose a research agenda with challenges to couple the effects of landscape configuration on ES flow.
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the effects of landscape structure on ecosystem services (ES), many challenges related to these complex spatial interactions remain. In particular, the integration of landscape effects on different components of the service provision chain (supply, demand, and flow) remains poorly understood and conceptualized. Here we propose a theoretical framework to further explore how the spatial flow of ES can vary according to landscape structure (i.e. composition and configuration) emphasizing the role played by the configuration of supply, demand, and neutral areas, as well as individual characteristics of ES (e.g., service rivalry). For this, we expand the discussion on how landscape changes can affect ES flows and propose a theoretical representation of ES flows variation led by different supply-demand ratios. Additionally, we expand this discussion by integrating the potential effects of neutral areas in the landscape as well as of supply/demand spatial overlap. This novel approach links the spatial arrangement (e.g. fragmentation, network complexity, matrix resistance) usually captured by landscape metrics, and ratios of ES supply and demand areas to potential effects on spatial flows of ES. We discuss the application of this model using widely studied ES, such as pollination, pest control by natural enemies, and microclimate regulation. Finally, we propose a research agenda to connect the presented ideas with other prominent research topics that must be further developed to support landscape management targeting ES provision. The prominence of ES science calls for contributions such as this to give the scientific community the opportunity to reflect on the underlying mechanisms of ES and avoid oversimplified spatial assessments.
Die radikale Prostatektomie (RP) stellt neben der Radiatio der Prostata den Goldstandard der Lokaltherapie des lokalisierten Prostatakarzinoms (PCa) dar. Neben der Erzielung einer postoperativen Tumorfreiheit (onkologisches Ergebnis), spielen die postoperativen, funktionellen Ergebnisse (z.B. Erektionsfähigkeit, Urin-Kontinenz) nach RP für die Patienten eine zentrale Rolle. Hierbei ist vor allem die (Wieder-) Erlangung der postoperativen Kontinenz hervorzuheben, da das Ausbleiben mit einem substantiellem Verlust der Lebensqualität einhergeht und eine deutliche Einschränkung im Alltag darstellt. Verschiedene Tumor- und Patientencharakteristika (pathologisches Tumorstadium, Body Mass Index [BMI], Alter, Prostatavolumen) wurden in vorangegangenen Publikationen als Faktoren identifiziert, die Einflüsse auf die Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz nach RP haben. Interessanterweise jedoch, wurde der Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus auf die Kontinenz-Rate zum jetzigen Stand nur unzureichend und teils mit widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen untersucht. In Anbetracht der vorbekannten protrahierten Wundheilungsverläufe sowie Mikrozirkulationsstörungen und Neuropathie bei Diabetes mellitus Patienten, hat die jetzige Studie deshalb untersucht, ob das Vorliegen von Diabetes Mellitus einen Einfluss auf die postoperative Früh-Kontinenz bei PCa-Patienten hat, die eine RP erhalten haben.
Nach Vorliegen des Ethikkomitee-Beschluss erfolgte mit Hilfe der RP-Datenbank der Klinik für Urologie, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität die Patientenidentifizierung im Zeitraum von 2018 bis 2021. Hierbei wurden Patienten in die Studienkohorte eingeschlossen bei denen Informationen bezüglich der Früh-Kontinenz (30-90 Tage postoperativ) vorlagen. Kontinenz wurde definiert als die Verwendung von keiner bzw. einer Sicherheitsvorlage innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 24 Stunden. Neben Auswertung der Kontinenz-Raten hinsichtlich des Diabetes Mellitus Status, erfolgte die Zuhilfenahme von uni- und multivariablen logistische Regressionsanalysen um den Effekt von Diabetes Mellitus auf die Kontinenz zu untersuchen. Kovariablen beinhalteten das pathologisches Tumorstadium, BMI, Alter, OP-Verfahren und Durchführung einer Nerv-Erhaltung.
Innerhalb der Studienkohorte (n=142) lag eine Diabetes Mellitus Erkrankung bei 15 Patienten (11%) vor. Mit Ausnahme eines höheren BMI (Median: 28.6 vs 26.5 m2/kg; p=0.005) bei Diabetes Mellitus Patienten, bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich Patienten und Tumorcharakteristika zwischen den beiden Gruppen (p>0.05). Die Früh-Kontinenz Rate war bei Diabetes Mellitus Patienten geringer im Vergleich zu der restlichen Studienkohorte (33 vs 63%; p=0.03). Dieser Unterschied spiegelte sich ebenfalls in der univariablen logistischen Regressionsanalyse wider, in der Diabetes Mellitus einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Früh-Kontinenz aufwies (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.29, 95%-KI [95%-Konfidenz Interval]: 0.09-0.99; p=0.03). Der signifikante Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus blieb ebenfalls in der multivariablen logistischen Regressionsanalyse fortbestehen, nachdem weitere Kovariablen berücksichtigt wurden (OR: 0.26; 95%-KI: 0.07-0.86; p=0.03). Unter Berücksichtigung der Limitationen der vorliegenden Studie (retrospektives Studiendesign, limitierte Fallzahl) lassen die Ergebnisse darauf schließen, dass das Vorliegen einer Diabetes Mellitus Erkrankung einen negativen Einfluss auf die Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt nach RP hat. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse haben für den klinischen Alltag wichtige Implikationen. Im Rahmen der Aufklärung vor RP kann der Patient bezüglich seines individuellen Risikos einer verlängerten postoperativen Inkontinenz entsprechend aufgeklärt werden, um somit die Erwartungshaltung des Patienten realitätsgetreu zu adressieren. Betrachtet man den postoperativen Verlauf, legen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse nahe, dass Diabetes mellitus Patienten aufgrund Ihrer geringeren Früh-Kontinenz Rate von einer intensivierte Beckenboden-Training zur Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz besonders profitieren könnten.
Auf der Grundlage dieser Studie sollten multizentrische Studien mit einer umfangreicheren Kohortengröße erfolgen und den Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus nicht nur auf die Früh-Kontinenz, sondern ebenfalls auf die langfristige Kontinenz (>12 Monate) zu untersuchen
In almost all parts of the world the industrialisation grows continuously and thus, the chemical pollution of natural waters has become a major public concern. A major consequence and one of the key environmental problems we are facing today is the increasing contamination of freshwater systems with chemicals. The chemicals are detected in wastewater, surface (river) water, ground water and drinking water ubiquitously in natural waters and not only in industrialised areas. The main point sources for water pollution and the release of these synthetic organic substances of human origin, so called micropollutants (MPs), are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These MPs such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfectant chemicals, chemicals used in the industry and in households, contraceptives, hormones, food additives, artificial sweeteners, pesticides, biocides, and many emerging contaminants are only incompletely removed by the existing conventional wastewater treatment technologies. The MPs end up in the water cycle and have adverse effects on wildlife aquatic ecosystems and human health even at very low concentrations. Therefore, advanced wastewater treatment (AWWT) technologies, such as ozonation, treatment with activated carbon, biofiltration, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) or exposure to ultraviolet light are investigated as options to upgrade conventional WWTPs. However, several studies show that especially the ozonation of wastewater generates diverse transformation products (TPs) with unknown properties. These TPs could be more toxic than the mother compound. Thus, a post-treatment after the ozonation process is required.
The present thesis was part of the BMBF-funded TransRisk project dealing with “the characterisation, communication, and minimisation of risks of emerging pollutants and pathogens in the water cycle”. One main objective was the investigation of conventional treated wastewater after a full-scale ozonation with four post-treatments (each non-aerated and aerated granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration and biofiltration) in comparison to a MBR treatment of raw (untreated) wastewater separately and in combination with an additional ozonation on a pilot WWTP. For this purpose, the wastewater samples were characterised with a comprehensive battery of in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The in vitro bioassays were performed to detect endocrine activities (such as (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic activities), genotoxicity, and mutagenicity. The results showed a decreased estrogenic activity due to the conventional wastewater treatment as well as the ozonation, but a distinct increase of the anti-estrogenic activity and the mutagenicity in the ozonated wastewater, possibly caused by new formed TPs, that were reduced after the post-treatments whereas the GAC filtration performed better than the biofiltration. The in vivo bioassays included for example the impact of the wastewater on mortality, reproduction, development, and energy reserves of the test organisms. The in vivo on-site tests with the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum and with the amphipod Gammarus fossarum indicated a major impact of conventional treated wastewater, ozonated wastewater, and MBR treated wastewater. The flow channel experiments in the laboratory with Gammarus pulex pointed to a serious impact of an estrogenic effluent on life-history traits of the amphipod. Finally, an ozonation of the wastewater with subsequent GAC filtration represented the most promising option. In addition, chemical analyses of 40 selected MPs, so called tracer substances, performed in parallel to the in vitro and in vivo bioassays underlined this assumption.
A second main objective was the optimisation of the preparation of water and wastewater samples for ecotoxicological in vitro bioassays because common sample preparation techniques are predominantly adapted for chemical analyses. Therefore, the impact of sample filtration, long-term acidification with following neutralisation as well as the enrichment with solid phase extraction (SPE) in combination with short-term acidification were investigated using amongst others raw (untreated) wastewater, hospital wastewater, conventional treated and ozonated wastewater, surface water, and ground water. Overall, eleven in vitro bioassays were performed for the detection of endocrine activities, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity. The results show that sample filtration and acidification/neutralisation significantly affected the outcome of the bioassays especially the anti-estrogenic activity and the mutagenicity whereas the sample filtration had a minor impact than the acidification. Thus, the testing of untreated (waste)water samples is advisable because the sample is minimally processed. Furthermore, the SPE extracts showed in parts high cytotoxic effects whereby no conclusions on the results of the bioassays were possible. However, the enrichment of endocrine activity and mutagenicity was predominantly effective but depended on the used SPE cartridge and the pH value of the (waste)water samples. Based on the results the use of a Telos C18/ENV cartridge and an acidified sample is recommendable. In the end, there is a need to optimise the sample preparation for in vitro bioassays to reach their maximum outcome for the best possible assessment of the water quality.
A comprehensive study of sillenite Bi12SiO20 single-crystal properties, including elastic stiffness and piezoelectric coefficients, dielectric permittivity, thermal expansion and molar heat capacity, is presented. Brillouin-interferometry measurements (up to 27 GPa), which were performed at high pressures for the first time, and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (up to 50 GPa) show the stability of the sillenite structure in the investigated pressure range, in agreement with previous studies. Elastic stiffness coefficients c11 and c12 are found to increase continuously with pressure while c44 increases slightly for lower pressures and remains nearly constant above 15 GPa. Heat-capacity measurements were performed with a quasi-adiabatic calorimeter employing the relaxation method between 2 K and 395 K. No phase transition could be observed in this temperature interval. Standard molar entropy, enthalpy change and Debye temperature are extracted from the data. The results are found to be roughly half of the previous values reported in the literature. The discrepancy is attributed to the overestimation of the Debye temperature which was extracted from high-temperature data. Additionally, Debye temperatures obtained from mean sound velocities derived by Voigt-Reuss averaging are in agreement with our heat-capacity results. Finally, a complete set of electromechanical coefficients was deduced from the application of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy between 103 K and 733 K. No discontinuities in the temperature dependence of the coefficients are observed. High-temperature (up to 1100 K) resonant ultrasound spectra recorded for Bi12MO20 crystals revealed strong and reversible acoustic dissipation effects at 870 K, 960 K and 550 K for M = Si, Ge and Ti, respectively. Resonances with small contributions from the elastic shear stiffness c44 and the piezoelectric stress coefficient e123 are almost unaffected by this dissipation.
Buch des Monats Juli 2024
(2024)
Kurzvorstellung der folgenden Publikation:
Bilder-Atlas fuer Kaufleute und Fabrikanten : eine Gallerie von Abbildungen wichtiger und interessanter Gegenstaende aus der merkantilistischen Waarenkunde und Technologie ... ; mit erklaerendem Texte / Hrsg. Carl Noback. - Leipzig : Wigand, [1840-41]. - Getr. Pag. : Ill.; [120] Lithogr., davon 24 kolor.
Buch des Monats Juni 2024
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Kurzvorstellung der folgenden Publikation:
Die zweite deutsche Nordpolar-Expedition : officielle Mittheilungen des Bremischen Comites. - 2. Aufl.. - Braunschweig : Westermann, 1870. - 54 S., [4] Bl. : Ill. u. Kt. Enth. ausserdem: Aufruf zur Deckung der Kosten der zweiten deutschen Nordpolar-Expedition.
Buch des Monats Mai 2024
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Kurzvorstellung der folgenden Publikation:
Richter, C. F. W.: Beschreibung und illuminirte Abbildungen in- und auslaendischer Schmetterlinge : XL Stuecke / C.F.W. Richter. - Breslau : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1805-1806. - 160 ungezaehlte Seiten, 40 Blaetter Tafeln : Illustrationen. Die Illustrationen sind handkolorierte Kupferstiche.
Buch des Monats April 2024
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Kurzvorstellung der folgenden Publikation:
Jagd-Album : Seiner Koeniglichen Hoheit dem Prinzen Friedrich Carl in tiefster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet / von G. Reubke nach Aquarellen von A. Rohlfs und W. Riefstahl. - Berlin : Verlag von E. Schotte & Co., [1870?]. - 1 ungezaehltes Blatt, 12 ungezaehlte Blaetter Tafeln.
Buch des Monats März 2024
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Kurzvorstellung der folgenden Publikation:
Fischbuechlein oder die Kunst: Forellen, Hechte, Asche, Barben, Barsche, Birstlinge, Alten, Rothaugen, Weisslinge etc. zu fangen : mit 8 Abbildungen / auss practischer Erfahrung zusammengestellt von einem Fisch-Freund. - Zweite verbesserte Auflage. - Augsburg : In George Jaquets Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1852. - 16 Seiten, 1 ungezaehltes gefaltetes Blatt Tafel : Illustration.
Buch des Monats Februar 2024
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How can older adults participate equally in digitisation processes across Europe, and what inclusive research strategies are needed? This Zine summarizes findings from a “Research Innovation Lab on Ageing in a Digital Age”, funded by the VolkswagenStiftung, aiming to bring together 29 docs and postdocs anchored in 26 different disciplines coming from 11 countries, at all stages of their work, to address cutting edge questions relating to ageing in a digital age. Five groups worked together over five days in Frankfurt, Germany, in July 2023 in a creative and interactive hackathon, specific to developing non-technical solutions to social issues of this topic. Moreover, four distinguished experts presented keynote speeches and proposals from various conceptual, methodological and empirical perspectives.
Buch des Monats Januar 2024
(2024)
Arbeit und Spiel fungieren im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch als Gegensätze. Spielen wird im Kontext dieser Oppositionsbeziehung als autotelische Handlung, also als eine freiwillige Beschäftigung mit unproduktivem Charakter, definiert, die primär der Freude oder Entspannung dient. Arbeiten hingegen wird als zweckorientierte Tätigkeit gefasst, die mit Ernsthaftigkeit und Mühsal assoziiert wird. In einer sich verändernden Arbeitswelt lösen sich diese binären Zuordnungen, sofern sie in dieser Schärfe überhaupt jemals bestanden haben, jedoch zunehmend auf. Arbeit und Spiel verschränken sich, sie bilden Hybridformen aus, bei denen sich Verschiebungen von Spielenden zu Arbeitenden und umgekehrt beobachten lassen. Die Etablierung der Spieleindustrie als Wirtschaftsbranche oder die Professionalisierung des Wettkampfsports bringen beispielsweise Formen des Play-as-Work hervor: "Sämtliche Tätigkeiten mit einer unterstellten Wirkabsicht können demnach als Arbeit begriffen werden. Daher können auch aus traditionellen Gründen oder aus Unterhaltungs- und Zerstreuungsgründen ausgeführte Tätigkeiten nunmehr als Arbeit verstanden werden, wenn ihnen eine Wirkabsicht unterstellt werden kann." Zudem werden in Arbeitsbereichen der postfordistischen Wissensökonomie ludische Elemente wie Kreativität, Improvisation oder Risikobereitschaft in einer Abwendung von der normierten Rationalisierung von Arbeit des Taylorismus aufgewertet und spielhaftes Arbeiten ohne kodifizierte Regeln (wieder) als Mittel wirtschaftlicher Produktivität erkannt. Seit den 1990er Jahren lassen sich ferner Tendenzen einer zunehmenden Entgrenzung und Subjektivierung von Erwerbstätigkeit ausmachen; hierbei wird die mit der Industrialisierung entstandene Trennung von Arbeit und Leben abgeschwächt und das Konzept Arbeit neu definiert, denn diese wird nun nicht mehr vornehmlich negativ als Plage oder göttliche Strafe gerahmt, sondern positiv als Mittel der Selbstverwirklichung konnotiert. Arbeit soll infolgedessen spielend von der Hand gehen und Vergnügen bereiten. Auf diese Weise wird eine work-as-play-Mentalität erzeugt, die die Differenz von Ernst und Spiel in der Betrachtungsweise der Handlung festmacht: Es hängt vom Ausführenden ab, ob eine Tätigkeit als Spiel oder als Arbeit klassifiziert wird. So kann letztlich jede Aktivität einfach zum Spiel erklärt werden. [...] Im Fokus dieses Artikels soll jedoch eine andere Form der Hybridisierung von Arbeit und Spiel stehen: die Repräsentation von Büroarbeit im Computerspiel. [...] Untersucht werden soll im Folgenden, welche Inszenierungsstrategien und Spielmechaniken eingesetzt werden, um das Büro spielbar zu machen. Wie wird das Setting für das Gameplay funktionalisiert und wie werden Arbeitsprozesse ludifiziert? Zu welcher Form des Spiels lädt das Büro ein? Welche Aspekte des Büroalltags werden aufgegriffen und welche Erzählungen sowie Figuren werden mit dem Schauplatz verbunden? Des Weiteren soll analysiert werden, wie über die räumliche Ästhetik inhaltliche Aussagen über die kulturelle Bedeutung und gesellschaftliche Wahrnehmung des Büros transportiert werden.
Der Begriff der Verblendung, ein oft implizit immer wiederkehrendes Thema in der Literatur, Philosophie, und auch in der Religion, hat eine komplexe Bedeutungsebene, die es vielleicht wohl zu bewahren gilt, anstatt sie zu fixieren und damit die Lesemöglichkeiten, die er eröffnen kann, zu reduzieren. Das Wort, das Offenes (etwa eine Hingabe an einen Glauben, die auch eine Selbsttäuschung, ein Fehler sein kann, aber auch Mut bedeuten kann) und Verborgenes (eine mehr oder weniger bewusste Täuschung anderer) zugleich andeutet, entzieht sich durch diese doppelte Struktur von 'Oberfläche' und 'Hintergrund' in gewisser Weise, ohnehin einer festen BeDeutungsgebung. In besonderer Weise bleibt der Begriff mit dem als 'Verliebtheit' umschriebenen Zustand als einer ambivalenten un/wahren, irrational und affektiv besetzten, relationalen, inneren Vorstellung und äußeren Projektion des Selbst und eines Anderen verbunden. Der Begriff kann die Hingabe an eine (trügerische) Romantik oder eine (trügerische) Hingabe an eine Romantik meinen, der ein Selbst und ein Anderes in eine affektive Beziehung zueinander setzt, und so auch die Möglichkeit des Unheimlichen, das Hineinbrechen eines Trug(-Bild)-es kennzeichnen. Dies wiederum ist engstens mit Angst und Wut, den oft als destruktiv dargestellten Affekten und affektiv besetzten Effekten verbunden. Verblendung ist somit auch ein Begriff, der Vorstellungen von 'Rationalität' und (affektiv-besetzter) 'Irrationalität', von 'Richtigkeit' und 'Falschheit' beinhaltet.
E.T.A. Hoffmanns Erzählung "Der Sandmann" ist dank Freuds Interpretation zu einem seiner wichtigsten Werke geworden. Die Novelle, die die Leser mit dem jungen Studenten Nathanael, der mit sich ein Kindheitstrauma trägt, bekannt macht, ist ein komplexes Werk, das auch den weltbekannten Mediziner fasziniert hat. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der schon erwähnten Novelle, mit Freuds Artikel "Das Unheimliche" und mit der sehr relevanten Verfilmung aus dem Jahr 2012. Das Motiv des Unheimlichen kommt in dieser Arbeit als eine Kontaktstelle vor, die auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen interpretiert wird: aus der Perspektive des Unheimlichen in der Novelle, aus Sigmund Freuds Perspektive und wie es im Film auftaucht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu beweisen, dass das Motiv des Unheimlichen in der Verfilmung anders als im Buch begriffen werden kann, d.h. dass Freuds Motiv des Unheimlichen im Text als gruseliger und verwirrender empfunden werden kann.
This paper relies on an unedited and unpublished nineteenth century love correspondence of a heterosexual couple from the German speaking area. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge regarding the nineteenth century love experience of ordinary and unknown lovers. In fact, while there are plenty of books on love correspondences of famous personalities, little research has been dedicated to love letters and romantic experiences of 'ordinary and unknown' people. For this reason the main aim of this article is to shed light on love stories and love experiences that otherwise will fall into the abyss of oblivion. A new theory regarding the love experience in the nineteenth will be proposed: in this century love was perceived more in its material than in its abstract nature; I argue that in the nineteenth love was more about what people did, than to what they said. Lovers are in constant need of material and 'seeable' proof in order to perceive the love of their partners as real and authentic. The examples extrapolated from the following correspondence will corroborate this statement. Furthermore, this article has the purpose to underline the great value of love letters not only from an historical perspective (being evidence of past lives and dynamics), but also and more importantly from a cultural and societal one: analyzing love letters means to acquire knowledge not only about cultural and societal dynamics, but also and more importantly to add knowledge to the love discourse. In fact, they say a lot about the way people talked, expressed and materialized love in their daily lives. Correspondences without any publication in view are the most precious ones because they represent an unregulated and more spontaneous expression 'of the language of the heart'.
L'obiettivo del presente articolo è quello di offrire una visione complementare a quella abituale del romanzo "Die Entdeckung der Currywurst" di Uwe Timm in cui vengano privilegiati gli aspetti del romanzo che lo identificano come opera di World Literature. Se fino ad ora il romanzo è stato principalmente letto come un romanzo tedesco di guerra, con questa lettura si intende far emergere gli aspetti che di esso oltrepassano i confini nazionali e linguistici. Per fare questo si osserveranno in breve i punti di contatto fra la WL e la letteratura postcoloniale, dalla quale la WL stessa ha origine. In particolare si concentrerà l'attenzione sugli elementi del romanzo che evidenziano il rapporto con le letterature e culture di oltre confine, come la cornice narrativa, in cui la narrazione principale si iscrive; le contaminazioni letterarie che emergono dal racconto e infine i numerosi esempi di relazione fra centro e periferia. Inoltre, verrà evidenziato come il periodo storico in cui il romanzo è ambientato, ovvero quello della 'Stunde Null', abbia esso stesso dei contatti intrinseci con le teorie postcoloniali. Si mostrerà come la tesi dell'afferenza del presente romanzo alla WL, sia sostenuta dal fatto che anche attraverso romanzi precedenti, Uwe Timm mostra un interesse spiccato nei confronti delle realtà degli altri paesi e continenti e dell’eredità coloniale dell'Europa.
A search for a massless dark photon 𝛾′ is conducted using 4.5 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction ℬ(Λ+𝑐→𝑝𝛾′) is determined to be 8.0×10−5 at 90% confidence level.
A search for a massless dark photon γ′ is conducted using 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction B(Λ+c→pγ′) is determined to be 8.0×10−5 at 90% confidence level.
A search for a massless dark photon γ′ is conducted using 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction B(Λ+c→pγ′) is determined to be 8.0×10−5 at 90% confidence level.
We report the first observation of the decay Λ+c→Σ−π+π+π0, based on data obtained in e+e− annihilations with an integrated luminosity of 567~pb−1 at s√=4.6~GeV. The data were collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage rings. The absolute branching fraction B(Λ+c→Σ−π+π+π0) is determined to be (2.11±0.33(stat.)±0.14(syst.))%. In addition, an improved measurement of B(Λ+c→Σ−π+π+) is determined as (1.81±0.17(stat.)±0.09(syst.))%.
We measured the Born cross sections for the process e+e− → ωη′ at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We observed a resonant structure with a statistical significance of 9.6σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass to be MR = (2153 ± 30 ± 31) MeV/c2 and its width to be ΓR = (167 ± 77 ± 7) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λc⁺ → pη′
(2022)
The singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pη′ is measured using 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. Evidence for Λ+c→pη′ with a statistical significance of 3.6σ is reported with a double-tag approach. The Λ+c→pη′ absolute branching fraction is determined to be (5.62+2.46−2.04±0.26)×10−4, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Our result is consistent with the branching fraction obtained by the Belle collaboration within the uncertainty of 1σ.
Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λc⁺ → pη′
(2022)
The singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pη′ is measured using 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. Evidence for Λ+c→pη′ with a statistical significance of 3.6σ is reported with a double-tag approach. The Λ+c→pη′ absolute branching fraction is determined to be (5.62+2.46−2.04±0.26)×10−4, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Our result is consistent with the branching fraction obtained by the Belle collaboration within the uncertainty of 1σ.
Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λc⁺ → pη′
(2022)
The singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+𝑐→𝑝𝜂′ is measured using 4.5 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. Evidence for Λ+𝑐→𝑝𝜂′ with a statistical significance of 3.6𝜎 is reported with a double-tag approach. The Λ+𝑐→𝑝𝜂′ absolute branching fraction is determined to be (5.62+2.46−2.04±0.26)×10−4, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Our result is consistent with the branching fraction obtained by the Belle collaboration within the uncertainty of 1𝜎.
Von A bis Å. (Fast) alles über die Frankfurter Skandinavistik. Ausgabe 8 ; Sommeremester 2024
(2024)
Von A bis Å. (Fast) alles über die Frankfurter Skandinavistik. Ausgabe 7 ; Wintersemester 2023/24
(2023)
Based on e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis is performed for the process e+e−→K0SK0Lπ0. The results allow the Born cross sections of the process e+e−→K0SK0Lπ0, as well as its subprocesses e+e−→K∗(892)0K¯0 and K∗2(1430)0K¯0 to be measured. The Born cross sections for e+e−→K0SK0Lπ0 are consistent with previous measurements by BaBar, but with substantially improved precision. The Born cross section lineshape of the process e+e−→K∗(892)0K¯0 is consistent with a vector meson state around 2.2 GeV with a significance of 3.2σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass as MY=(2164.7±9.1±3.1) MeV/c2 and its width as ΓY=(32.4±21.0±1.8) MeV.
Based on 7.33 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, the experimental studies of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾+𝜋− and 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾+𝜋−𝜋0 are reported. We determine the absolute branching fraction of 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾+𝜋− to be (1.24+0.28−0.26(stat)±0.06(syst))×10−4. No significant signal of 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾+𝜋−𝜋0 is observed and the upper limit on its decay branching fraction at 90% confidence level is set to be 1.7×10−4.
Based on 7.33 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, the experimental studies of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D+s→K+K+π− and D+s→K+K+π−π0 are reported. We determine the absolute branching fraction of D+s→K+K+π− to be (1.23+0.28−0.25(stat)±0.06(syst)) ×10−4. No significant signal of D+s→K+K+π−π0 is observed and the upper limit on its decay branching fraction at 90\% confidence level is set to be 1.7×10−4.
In ihren Investigationen greifen Forensic Architecture auf Crowddaten zurück, die Umweltereignisse sensorisch erfassen und von Nutzer:innen auf digitalen Plattformen geteilt werden. Die Animationsvideos der Forschungsagentur lassen sich als Resultate einer kollektiven Intelligenz reflektieren, bei der datenbezogenen Praktiken der Repräsentation als Aneignungen vorangegangener Operationen mit mobilen Sensormedien 'in the field' erscheinen. Der Beitrag fragt nach den ästhetischen Darstellungsweisen der Ereignisrekonstruktion mittels sensorischer Crowddaten. Am Beispiel der Investigation "The Beirut Port Explosion" (2020) wird gezeigt, wie unterschiedliche, an einer objektiven Darstellung orientierte Visualisierungskonventionen produktiv ineinandergreifen. Um eine kohärente Beweisführung zu gewährleisten, werden die Sensordaten in den Kontext eines Raumsimulationsmodells eingefügt. Das Modell fungiert als Ersatzobjekt für die Stadt Beirut und ist somit konstitutiv für die Virtualisierung der Investigation. Dabei rückt in der ästhetischen Analyse jedoch das zirkuläre Verhältnis zwischen Raummodell und Crowddaten in den Fokus, das vor dem Hintergrund produktionsspezifischer und infrastruktureller Fragestellungen problematisiert wird.
Wenn im Rahmen von investigativen Recherchen auf öffentlich und digital verfügbare Daten zurückgegriffen wird, spielen Bilder der physischen Tatumgebung häufig eine wesentliche Rolle. Ins Internet gestellte Fotos und Videos von Ereignissen im öffentlichen Raum oder topographische Luftbilder im Vorher-Nachher-Vergleich gelten dabei oft als beste Beglaubigung eines Geschehens. Der technische Charakter und die Georeferenzierung verleihen den Bildern eine so hohe Überzeugungskraft, dass sie als Grundlage für rekonstruierende 3D-Modelle und Simulationen verwendet werden - auch wenn ihre Glaubwürdigkeit in den letzten Jahren durch die Möglichkeit der Bildmanipulation oder der gezielten Fehlinterpretation stark gelitten hat. Anhand von Fallstudien untersucht der Beitrag exemplarische Konfigurationen einer investigativen Architekturproduktion, um aufzuzeigen, welche raumkonstituierenden Verfahren der Evidenzerzeugung entwickelt und eingesetzt werden, welche Authentifizierungsstrategien sie prägen und worin sich ein hegemoniekritischer von einem staatlich-repressiven Bildgebrauch unterscheidet. Damit verbunden ist die Frage nach dem Status der virtuellen Rekonstruktion im Spannungsfeld von Zeugnis und Beweis, nach ihrem Wert als Erkenntnisquelle und ihrer politischen wie ethischen Dimension. Nicht zuletzt geht es um die paradox anmutende Frage, wie digitale Raumbilder trotz ihrer Konstruiertheit und Manipulierbarkeit eine realitätsbeglaubigende Kraft in der investigativen Arbeit entfalten können.
Improved measurement of the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D⁺ → Kₛ⁰X and D⁰ → Kₛ⁰X
(2023)
By analyzing 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D+→K0SX and D0→K0SX are measured to be (32.78±0.13±0.27)% and (20.54±0.12±0.18)%, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are consistent with the world averages of previous measurements, but with improved precision.
Improved measurement of the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D⁺ → Kₛ⁰X and D⁰ → Kₛ⁰X
(2023)
By analyzing 2.93 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the branching fractions of the inclusive decays 𝐷+→𝐾0 𝑆𝑋 and 𝐷0→𝐾0 𝑆𝑋 are measured to be (33.11±0.13±0.36)% and (20.75±0.12±0.20)%, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are consistent with the world averages of previous measurements, but with much improved precision.
Using 5.9 pb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies from 3.640 to 3.701 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII Collider, we measure the observed cross sections of e+e−→K0SX (where X=anything). From a fit to these observed cross sections with the sum of continuum and ψ(3686) and J/ψ Breit-Wigner functions and considering initial state radiation and the BEPCII beam energy spread, we obtain for the first time the inclusive decay branching fraction B(ψ(3686)→K0SX)=(16.04±0.29±0.90)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
We report the first measurements of absolute branching fractions for the W -exchange-only processes + c → 0K + and + c → (1530)0K + with the double-tag technique, by analyzing an e+e− collision data sample, that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV by the BESIII detector. The branching fractions are measured to be B(+c → 0K +) = (5.90 ± 0.86 ± 0.39) × 10−3 and B(+c → (1530)0K +) = (5.02 ± 0.99 ± 0.31) × 10−3, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Our results are more precise than the previous relative measurements.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− annihilation data collected at a center-of-mass energy √𝑠=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we search for the semileptonic 𝐷0(+) decays into a 𝑏1(1235)−(0) axial-vector meson for the first time. No significant signal is observed for either charge combination. The upper limits on the product branching fractions are ℬ𝐷0→𝑏1(1235)−𝑒+𝜈𝑒·ℬ𝑏1(1235) −→ 𝜔𝜋−<1.12×10−4 and ℬ𝐷+→𝑏1(1235)0𝑒+𝜈𝑒·ℬ𝑏1(1235)0→𝜔𝜋0<1.75×10−4 at the 90% confidence level.
Using a data sample of (1.0087±0.0044)×1010 𝐽/𝜓 decay events collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of √𝑠=3.097 GeV, we present a search for the hyperon semileptonic decay Ξ0→Σ−𝑒+𝜈𝑒 which violates the Δ𝑆=Δ𝑄 rule. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction ℬ(Ξ0→Σ−𝑒+𝜈𝑒) is determined to be 1.6×10−4 at the 90% confidence level. This result improves the previous upper limit result by about one order of magnitude.
Using a data sample of (1.0087±0.0044)×1010 J/ψ decay events collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of s√=3.097 GeV, we present a search for the hyperon semileptonic decay Ξ0→Σ−e+νe which violates the ΔS=ΔQ rule. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction B(Ξ0→Σ−e+νe) is determined to be 1.6×10−4 at the 90% confidence level. This result improves the previous upper limit result by about one order of magnitude.
Using a data sample of (1.0087±0.0044)×1010 J/ψ decay events collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of s√=3.097 GeV, we present a search for the hyperon semileptonic decay Ξ0→Σ−e+νe which violates the ΔS=ΔQ rule. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction B(Ξ0→Σ−e+νe) is determined to be 1.6×10−4 at the 90% confidence level. This result improves the previous upper limit result by about one order of magnitude.
Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the 𝐷+
𝑠→𝜋+𝜋−𝜋+ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidates with a signal purity of ∼80%. The amplitude and phase of the contributing 𝜋𝜋 𝒮 wave are measured based on a quasi-model-independent approach, along with the amplitudes and phases of the 𝒫 and 𝒟 waves parametrized by Breit-Wigner models. The fit fractions of different intermediate decay channels are also reported.
Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the D+s→π+π−π+ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidates with a signal purity of ∼80%. The amplitude and phase of the contributing ππ S wave are measured based on a quasi-model-independent approach, along with the amplitudes and phases of the P and D waves parametrized by Breit-Wigner models. The fit fractions of different intermediate decay channels are also reported.
Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the D+s→π+π−π+ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidate events with a signal purity of ∼80%. We use a quasi-model-independent approach to measure the magnitude and phase of the D+s→π+π−π+ decay, where the P and D waves are parameterized by a sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes ρ(770)0, ρ(1450)0, and f2(1270). The fit fractions of different decay channels are also reported.
Using e+e− annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy s√=3.773~GeV with the BESIII detector, a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η). The fit fractions of individual components are obtained, and large interferences among the dominant components of D0→a1(1260)π, D0→π(1300)π, D0→ρ(770)ρ(770) and D0→2(ππ)S are found in both channels. With the obtained amplitude model, the CP-even fractions of D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η) are determined to be (75.2±1.1stat.±1.5syst.)% and (68.9±1.5stat.±2.4syst.)%, respectively. The branching fractions of D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η) are measured to be (0.688±0.010stat.±0.010syst.)% and (0.951±0.025stat.±0.021syst.)%, respectively. The amplitude analysis provides an important model for binning strategy in the measurements of the strong phase parameters of D0→4π when used to determine the CKM angle γ(ϕ3) via the B−→DK− decay.
Using e+e− annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy s√=3.773~GeV with the BESIII detector, a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η). The fit fractions of individual components are obtained, and large interferences among the dominant components of D0→a1(1260)π, D0→π(1300)π, D0→ρ(770)ρ(770) and D0→2(ππ)S are found in both channels. With the obtained amplitude model, the CP-even fractions of D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η) are determined to be (75.2±1.1stat.±1.5syst.)% and (68.9±1.5stat.±2.4syst.)%, respectively. The branching fractions of D0→π+π−π+π− and D0→π+π−π0π0(non-η) are measured to be (0.688±0.010stat.±0.010syst.)% and (0.951±0.025stat.±0.021syst.)%, respectively. The amplitude analysis provides an important model for binning strategy in the measurements of the strong phase parameters of D0→4π when used to determine the CKM angle γ(ϕ3) via the B−→DK− decay.
Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 19 fb−1 at twenty-eight center-of-mass energies from 3.872 GeV to 4.700 GeV collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron-positron collider, the process e+e− → ηπ+π− and the intermediate process e+e− → ηρ0 are studied for the first time. The Born cross sections are measured. No significant resonance structure is observed in the cross section lineshape.
Das partizipative Forschungsprojekt "Allein aber vernetzt? Digitale (Un)gleichheiten und soziale Netzwerke bei alleinlebenden Menschen" beschäftigte sich von 2021-2024 mit Alleinlebenden im Alter, ihren Beziehungsnetzwerken und der Frage welche Rolle digitale Geräte und die Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit einer Gruppe von Ko-Forschenden in Frankfurt und Egelsbach stand die Perspektive der Gruppe im Mittelpunkt.
Im vorliegenden White Paper wird das Projekt sowie zentrale Ergebnisse und die erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen der deutschen Teilstudie vorgestellt. Diese wurde vom BMBF gefördert und ist Teil des europäischen Verbundprojektes "EQualCare - Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone" der Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) “More Years Better Lives”.
Einleitung
Fantastische Literatur
- Feministische Fantastik
- Schwarze Figuren in der Fantastik
Black Speculative Fiction
- Black Speculative Fiction vs. Afrofuturism
- Die Frauen der Black Speculative Fiction
Schwarzer Feminismus
- Schwarzer Feminismus als Literaturtheorie
Analyse
- Autorinnenschaft
- Intersektionalität: Race, Class und Gender
- Von Unterdrückung zu Widerstand und Befreiung
- Verstummen und Stimme finden
- Stereotype dekonstruiert
Afrikas Einfluss
- Fazit
- Literaturverzeichnis
- Eigenständigkeitserklärung
The e+e−→D+sDs1(2536)− and e+e−→D+sD∗s2(2573)− processes are studied using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies from 4.530 to 4.946~GeV. The absolute branching fractions of Ds1(2536)−→D¯∗0K− and D∗s2(2573)−→D¯0K− are measured for the first time to be (35.9±4.8±3.5)% and (37.4±3.1±4.6)%, respectively. The measurements are in tension with predictions based on the assumption that the Ds1(2536) and D∗s2(2573) are dominated by a bare cs¯ component. The e+e−→D+sDs1(2536)− and e+e−→D+sD∗s2(2573)− cross sections are measured, and a resonant structure at around 4.6~GeV with a width of 50~MeV is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 15σ in the e+e−→D+sD∗s2(2573)− process. It could be the Y(4626) found by the Belle collaboration in the D+sDs1(2536)− final state, since they have similar masses and widths. There is also evidence for a structure at around 4.75~GeV in both processes.
We report a measurement of the cross section for the process e+e−→π+π−J/ψ around the X(3872) mass in search for the direct formation of e+e−→X(3872) through the two-photon fusion process. No enhancement of the cross section is observed at the X(3872) peak and an upper limit on the product of electronic width and branching fraction of X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ is determined to be Γee×B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ)<7.5×10−3eV at 90% confidence level under an assumption of total width of 1.19±0.21 MeV. This is an improvement of a factor of about 17 compared to the previous limit. Furthermore, using the latest result of B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ), an upper limit on the electronic width Γee of X(3872) is obtained to be <0.32eV at the 90% confidence level.
If service providers can identify reasons users are in favor of or against a service, they have insightful information that can help them understand user behavior and what they need to do to change such behavior. This article argues that the novel text-mining technique referred to as information-seeking argument mining (IS-AM) can identify these reasons. The empirical study applies IS-AM to news articles and reviews about electric scooter-sharing systems (i.e., a service enabling the short-term rentals of electric motorized scooters). Its results point to IS-AM as a promising technique to improve service; the data enable the authors to identify 40 reasons to use or not use electric scooter-sharing systems, as well as their importance to users. Furthermore, the results show that news articles are better data sources than reviews because they are longer and contain more arguments and, thus, reasons.
The archaeal ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex that consists of a catalytic A(1) part and a transmembrane, ion translocation domain A(0). The A(1)A(0) complex from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was isolated. Mass analysis of the complex by laser-induced liquid bead ion desorption (LILBID) indicated a size of 730 +/- 10 kDa. A three-dimensional map was generated by electron microscopy from negatively stained images. The map at a resolution of 2.3 nm shows the A(1) and A(0) domain, connected by a central stalk and two peripheral stalks, one of which is connected to A(0), and both connected to A(1) via prominent knobs. X-ray structures of subunits from related proteins were fitted to the map. On the basis of the fitting and the LILBID analysis, a structural model is presented with the stoichiometry A(3)B(3)CDE(2)FH(2)ac(10).
Experimental data from the NA49 collaboration show an unexpectedly steep rise of the rapidity width of the ϕ meson as function of beam energy, which was suggested as possible interesting signal for novel physics. In this work we show that the Ultra-relativistic Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics (UrQMD) model is able to reproduce the shapes of the rapidity distributions of most measured hadrons and predicts a common linear increase of the width for all hadrons. Only when following the exact same analysis technique and experimental acceptance of the NA49 and NA61/SHINE collaborations, we find that the extracted value of the rapidity width of the ϕ increases drastically for the highest beam energy. We conclude that the observed steep increase of the ϕ rapidity width is a problem of limited detector acceptance and the simplified Gaussian fit approximation.
Gravitational waves from a core g-mode in supernovae as probes of the high-density equation of state
(2023)
Using relativistic supernova simulations of massive progenitor stars with a quark-hadron equation of state (EoS) and a purely hadronic EoS, we identify a distinctive feature in the gravitational-wave signal that originates from a buoyancy-driven mode (g-mode) below the proto-neutron star convection zone. The mode frequency lies in the range 200≲f≲800Hz and decreases with time. As the mode lives in the core of the proto-neutron star, its frequency and power are highly sensitive to the EoS, in particular the sound speed around twice saturation density.
Gravitational waves from a core g-mode in supernovae as probes of the high-density equation of state
(2023)
Using relativistic supernova simulations of massive progenitor stars with a quark-hadron equation of state (EoS) and a purely hadronic EoS, we identify a distinctive feature in the gravitational-wave signal that originates from a buoyancy-driven mode (g-mode) below the proto-neutron star convection zone. The mode frequency lies in the range 200≲f≲800Hz and decreases with time. As the mode lives in the core of the proto-neutron star, its frequency and power are highly sensitive to the EoS, in particular the sound speed around twice saturation density.
In this work, we study for the first time the thermal evolution of twin star pairs, i.e., stars that present the same mass but different radius and compactness. We collect available equations of state that give origin to a second branch of stable compact stars with quarks in their core. For each equation of state, we investigate the particle composition inside stars and how differently each twin evolves over time, which depends on the central density/pressure and consequent crossing of the threshold for the Urca cooling process. We find that, although the general stellar thermal evolution depends on mass and particle composition, withing one equation of state, only twin pairs that differ considerably on compactness can be clearly distinguished by how they cool down.
The properties of compact stars and in particular the existence of twin star solutions are investigated within an effective model that is constrained by lattice QCD thermodynamics. The model is modified at large baryon densities to incorporate a large variety of scenarios of first order phase transitions to a phase of deconfined quarks. This is achieved by matching two different variants of the bag model equation of state, in order to estimate the role of the Bag model parameters on the appearance of a second family of neutron stars. The produced sequences of neutron stars are compared with modern constrains on stellar masses, radii, and tidal deformability from astrophysical observations and gravitational wave analyses. It is found that those scenarios in our analysis, in which a third family of stars appeared due to the deconfinement transition, are disfavored from astrophysical constraints.
The thermodynamic properties of the interacting particle–antiparticle boson system at high temperatures and densities were investigated within the framework of scalar and thermodynamic mean-field models. We assume isospin (charge) density conservation in the system. The equations of state and thermodynamic functions are determined after solving the self-consistent equations. We study the relationship between attractive and repulsive forces in the system and the influence of these interactions on the thermodynamic properties of the bosonic system, especially on the development of the Bose–Einstein condensate. It is shown that under “weak” attraction, the boson system has a phase transition of the second order, which occurs every time the dependence of the particle density crosses the critical curve or even touches it. It was found that with a “strong” attractive interaction, the system forms a Bose condensate during a phase transition of the first order, and, despite the finite value of the isospin density, these condensate states are characterized by a zero chemical potential. That is, such condensate states cannot be described by the grand canonical ensemble since the chemical potential is involved in the conditions of condensate formation, so it cannot be a free variable when the system is in the condensate phase.
An independent Taiwanese lineage of powdery mildew on the endemic host species Koelreuteria henryi
(2024)
Background: Powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota) are common plant disease agents and also cause stress for forest and fruit trees worldwide as well as in Taiwan. The powdery mildew Erysiphe bulbouncinula on Koelreuteria host trees was considered an endemic species in China. While in China the host was K. paniculata and only the teleomorph stage found, the anamorph and the teleomorph were both recorded for the host in Taiwan, K. henryi. We aimed to clarify the relationship of the powdery mildews recorded under E. bulbouncinula with an apparently disjunct distribution.
Results: Specimens of powdery mildew on K. henryi from Taiwan were characterized based on the anamorph morphology and DNA sequences. They revealed a new record of Sawadaea koelreuteriae for this host species and Taiwan and a new species of Erysiphe, E. formosana, sister to E. bulbouncinula from China.
Conclusions: In Erysiphe on Koelreuteria hosts, speciation of plant parasitic fungi seems to be correlated with disjunct host and geographic distribution possibly shaped by extinction of potential host species which are known only as fossils. Two of the three extant East Asian species of Koelreuteria are now known as hosts of specific Erysiphe species. We may predict a further not yet discovered Erysiphe species on the third East Asian species, K. bipinnata, in South and Southwest China. In the speciation in Sawadaea, the extinction events in Koelreuteria can be excluded from being involved.
Purpose: The stomachs and spiral valves of sharks and rays were examined for their trypanorhynch (Cestoda) parasite fauna and dietary items to infer feeding ecology. In Indonesia, sharks and rays have been experiencing increasing awareness and conservation in the recent years due to high fisheries activities and to avoid future species extinction.
Methods: The samples were collected in 2009 from two different sampling sites at the southern coasts of Java and Bali in Indonesia. The parasite fauna was studied for 41 elasmobranch fishes. Amongst these, three shark species, Carcharhinus sorrah, Carcharhinus sp. I and Squalus megalops and seven ray species, Brevitrygon heterura, B. cf. heterura, Gymnura zonura, Maculabatis gerrardi, Mobula kuhlii, Neotrygon cauruleopuncatata and Rhinobatos penggali were studied. Four additional specimens, belonging to the shark species Carcharhinus sp. II and Mustelus cf. manazo and the ray species Maculabatis gerrardi were studied from the waters of South Bali.
Results: Analyses of the feeding ecology of the ray M. gerrardi revealed distinct differences between both sampling sites, indicating the presence of ecological differences between the geographically independent regions. A total of 11 different trypanorhynch species/taxa belonging to the five families Eutetrarhynchidae (5), Gilquiniidae (1), Lacistorhynchidae (1), Pterobothriidae (1) and Tentaculariidae (3) were found. Ten trypanorhynch species from Penyu Bay and four species from South Bali could be identified. Two taxa that might represent new species were collected: Dollfusiella sp. from Brevitrygon heterura and Prochristianella sp. from Maculabatis gerrardi.
Conclusions: The present paper gives insights in using the trypanorhynch cestode community in combination with feeding ecology analyses to support conservation of elasmobranchs in Indonesian waters.
One like all? Behavioral response range of native and invasive amphipods to neonicotinoid exposure
(2024)
Highlights
• Short-time neonicotinoid exposure causes behavioral responses in non-target species.
• Environmentally relevant concentrations can induce changes in invertebrate behavior.
• Different baseline activity of ecological similar crustacean amphipods.
• Species respond specifically to thiacloprid exposure.
• Acantocephalan infection affects locomotion of intermediate host Gammarus roeselii.
Abstract
Native and invasive species often occupy similar ecological niches and environments where they face comparable risks from chemical exposure. Sometimes, invasive species are phylogenetically related to native species, e.g. they may come from the same family and have potentially similar sensitivities to environmental stressors due to phylogenetic conservatism and ecological similarity. However, empirical studies that aim to understand the nuanced impacts of chemicals on the full range of closely related species are rare, yet they would help to comprehend patterns of current biodiversity loss and species turnover. Behavioral sublethal endpoints are of increasing ecotoxicological interest. Therefore, we investigated behavioral responses (i.e., change in movement behavior) of the four dominant amphipod species in the Rhine-Main area (central Germany) when exposed to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Moreover, beyond species-specific behavioral responses, ecological interactions (e.g. parasitation with Acanthocephala) play a crucial role in shaping behavior, and we have considered these infections in our analysis. Our findings revealed distinct baseline behaviors and species-specific responses to thiacloprid exposure. Notably, Gammarus fossarum exhibited biphasic behavioral changes with hyperactivity at low concentrations that decreased at higher concentrations. Whereas Gammarus pulex, Gammarus roeselii and the invasive species Dikerogammarus villosus, showed no or weaker behavioral responses. This may partly explain why G. fossarum disappears in chemically polluted regions while the other species persist there to a certain degree. But it also shows that potential pre-exposure in the habitat may influence behavioral responses of the other amphipod species, because habituation occurs, and potential hyperactivity would be harmful to individuals in the habitat. The observed responses were further influenced by acanthocephalan parasites, which altered baseline behavior in G. roeselii and enhanced the behavioral response to thiacloprid exposure. Our results underscore the intricate and diverse nature of responses among closely related amphipod species, highlighting their unique vulnerabilities in anthropogenically impacted freshwater ecosystems.
Highlights
• The higher the extinction risk, the fewer exposure-effect data are available.
• Lack of studies in the Southern Hemisphere shows a spatial bias in the literature.
• Commonly studied pollutants are persistent organic pollutants, metals, pesticides.
• Pollution-effect studies focus on molecular and cellular levels.
• In silico and in vitro approaches aid in assessing in vivo effects.
Abstract
Marine mammals, due to their long life span, key position in the food web, and large lipid deposits, often face significant health risks from accumulating contaminants. This systematic review examines published literature on pollutant-induced adverse health effects in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red-listed marine mammal species. Thereby, identifying gaps in literature across different extinction risk categories, spatial distribution and climatic zones of studied habitats, commonly used methodologies, researched pollutants, and mechanisms from cellular to population levels. Our findings reveal a lower availability of exposure-effect data for higher extinction risk species (critically endangered 16%, endangered 15%, vulnerable 66%), highlighting the need for more research. For many threatened species in the Southern Hemisphere pollutant-effect relationships are not established. Non-destructively sampled tissues, like blood or skin, are commonly measured for exposure assessment. The most studied pollutants are POPs (31%), metals (30%), and pesticides (17%). Research on mixture toxicity is scarce while pollution-effect studies primarily focus on molecular and cellular levels. Bridging the gap between molecular data and higher-level effects is crucial, with computational approaches offering a high potential through in vitro to in vivo extrapolation using (toxico-)kinetic modelling. This could aid in population-level risk assessment for threatened marine mammals.
Beside mosquitoes, ticks are well-known vectors of different human pathogens. In the Northern Hemisphere, Lyme borreliosis (Eurasia, LB) or Lyme disease (North America, LD) is the most commonly occurring vector-borne infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia which are transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. The reported incidence of LB in Europe is about 22.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually with a broad range depending on the geographical area analyzed. However, the epidemiological data are largely incomplete, because LB is not notifiable in all European countries. Furthermore, not only differ reporting procedures between countries, there is also variation in case definitions and diagnostic procedures. Lyme borreliosis is caused by several species of the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex which are maintained in complex networks including ixodid ticks and different reservoir hosts. Vector and host influence each other and are affected by multiple factors including climate that have a major impact on their habitats and ecology. To classify factors that influence the risk of transmission of B. burgdorferi s.l. to their different vertebrate hosts as well as to humans, we briefly summarize the current knowledge about the pathogens including their astonishing ability to overcome various host immune responses, regarding the main vector in Europe Ixodes ricinus, and the disease caused by borreliae. The research shows, that a higher standardization of case definition, diagnostic procedures, and standardized, long-term surveillance systems across Europe is necessary to improve clinical and epidemiological data.
Highlights
• Stomach content analyses, parasitological and fecal examinations were performed on 73 raccoon dogs from Germany.
• 9 ecto- and 11 endoparasitic species could be identified of which 6 endoparasitic species have a human pathogenic potential.
• Stomach content was composed of one-third vegetable and two-thirds animal components.
• Invasive alien species can have negative impact on native animal species and can act as a carrier of various parasites.
Abstract
Originally from Asia, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides is an invasive alien species in Europe, listed since 2019 on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern. The raccoon dog is considered to have negative impact on native biodiversity, as well as a crucial role in hosting and transmitting diverse parasites and pathogens of human and veterinary importance. In the present study, stomach content analyses and parasitological examinations were performed on 73 raccoon dogs from Germany. In addition, fecal samples were analyzed. The results of the study confirm the assumption that the examined raccoon dogs were infested with a various ecto- and endoparasite fauna. A total of 9 ecto- and 11 endoparasites were detected, with 6 of the endoparasites having human pathogenic potential. Trichodectes canis (P = 53.42%), Toxocara canis (P = 50.68%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (P = 68.49%) were the most abundant parasite species. The stomach contents consisted of approximately one-third vegetable and two-thirds animal components, composed of various species of amphibians, fish, insects, mammals and birds. Among them were specially protected or endangered species such as the grass frog Rana temporaria. The study shows that the raccoon dog exerts predation pressure on native species due to its omnivorous diet and, as a carrier of various parasites, poses a potential risk of infection to wild, domestic and farm animals and humans.
Evidence of predation pressure on sensitive species by raccoons based on parasitological studies
(2024)
Highlights
• Parasitological analyses were carried out on 108 free-ranging raccoons in Germany.
• Three endoparasite species were newly discovered, alongside 13 parasites already known.
• A high prevalence of the pathogenic nematode Baylisascaris procyonis was identified.
• Uncovering endoparasites provides insights into predation events from the past.
• Stomach contents show serious negative impact of raccoons on native amphibians.
Abstract
To demonstrate predation and potential impacts of raccoons on various species, a total of 108 raccoons from aquatic-associated nature reserves and natural areas in three federal states of Germany, Hesse (n = 36), Saxony-Anhalt (n = 36) and Brandenburg (n = 36), were investigated from a dietary ecological perspective in the present study. Fecal analyses and stomach content examinations were conducted for this purpose. Additionally, as a supplementary method for analyzing the dietary spectrum of raccoons, the parasite fauna was considered, as metazoan parasites, in particular, can serve as indicators for the species and origin of food organisms. While stomach content analyses allow for a detailed recording of trophic relationships solely at the time of sampling, parasitological examinations enable inferences about more distant interaction processes. With their different developmental stages and heteroxenous life cycles involving specific, sometimes obligate, intermediate hosts, they utilize the food web to reach their definitive host. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that spawning areas of amphibians and reptiles were predominantly utilized as food resources by raccoons in the study areas. Thus, common toad (Bufo bufo), common newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), grass frog (Rana temporaria), and grass snake (Natrix natrix) were identified as food organisms for raccoons. The detection of the parasite species Euryhelmis squamula, Isthmiophora melis, and Physocephalus sexalatus with partially high infestation rates also suggests that both amphibians and reptiles belong to the established dietary components of raccoons from an ecological perspective, as amphibians and reptiles are obligate intermediate hosts in the respective parasitic life cycles of the detected parasites. The study clearly demonstrates that raccoons have a significant impact on occurrence-sensitive animal species in certain areas and, as an invasive species, can exert a negative influence on native species and ecosystems.
Highlights
• 234 raccoons were dissected, 23 parasite species could be detected.
• 14 new parasite species have been identified for raccoons in Europe.
• Compared to literature, a very high prevalence (95%) of B. procyonis was detected.
• The human pathogenic trematode P. muris was detected in raccoons for the first time.
Abstract
The invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) is an abundant carnivore and considered as an important potential vector of infectious diseases and parasites in Europe. Raccoons show a broad, opportunistic, omnivorous food spectrum. Food supply and habitat quality in urban areas are very attractive for the generalist raccoon. This inevitably leads to increased interaction with humans, domestic animals and livestock, making the raccoon a potentially suitable zoonosis vector. In its autochthonous range, especially in the Eastern and Midwestern United States, the raccoon has been studied very intensively since the beginning of the 20th century. Whereas, basic field biology and parasitology studies in Germany and Europe are lacking and have only been conducted sporadically, regionally and on small sample sizes. In the presented study 234 raccoons from central Germany were comprehensively examined for their metazoan parasite fauna. The present study shows for the first time an extremely diverse parasite fauna in raccoons outside their native range and proves their essential role as intermediate hosts and hosts for ecto- and endoparasites. A total of 23 different parasite species were identified, five of which are human pathogens, 14 of which are new for the parasite fauna of raccoons in Europe. The human pathogenic raccoon roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis is the most common parasite species in this study, with a prevalence of up to 95%. The digenetic trematode Plagiorchis muris, another human pathogenic parasite species, was detected for the first time in raccoons. The ongoing spread of invasive carnivores and the associated spread and transmission of their parasites and other pathogens increases the potential health risk of wild and farmed animals as well as humans. An increase in parasitic diseases in humans (e.g. raccoon roundworm) is to be expected, especially in urban areas, where raccoons are becoming more and more abundant.
Highlights
• Floating ability facilitates water dispersal.
• Hydrochorous seed dispersal is more effective than wind dispersal.
• Storage in water induced germination rate.
Abstract
In many Central European countries Fraxinus pennsylvanica is an invasive species that spreads rapidly in floodplain forests. The aim of this study was to analyse anemochorous and hydrochorous dispersal distances and to compare the findings with dispersal data for the native Fraxinus excelsior. A simulation revealed that wind dispersal distances are similar for both species, reaching to 120–250 m. By contrast, the mean floating time (50% floating samaras) measured in an experiment was 2 days in the case of F. pennsylvanica and 0.5 days for F. excelsior. This high floating ability facilitates water dispersal over several kilometres in both species, but for the invasive species the modelled mean dispersal distance was 3.7 times higher. A germination test of F. pennsylvanica seeds revealed that the rate, onset and speed of germination increase with the duration of the inundation. After a maximum storage time in water of about 15 days the germination rate amounts to 78%, which was higher than the germination rate of seeds without storage in water (53%). We also found that regeneration was enhanced in flooded areas. Hydrochory, therefore, may be viewed as an important factor explaining the successful invasion of F. pennsylvanica in floodplain forests in Central Europe.
Seed dispersal is hard to measure, and there is still a lack of knowledge about dispersal-related traits of plant species. Therefore, we developed D3, the Dispersal and Diaspore Database (available at
www.seed-dispersal.info), which aims at simplifying ecological and evolutionary analyses by providing and integrating various items related to seed dispersal: empirical studies, functional traits, image analyses and ranking indices (quantifying the adaptation to dispersal modes).
Currently, the database includes data for more than 5000 taxa and 33 items as well as digital images of diaspores (i.e. the dispersal units), seeds, fruits and infructescences. The included items cover common traits like diaspore mass, size, shape, terminal velocity and seed number per diaspore. Furthermore, we present newly or further developed items like ecomorphological categorizations of the diaspore and fruit as well as information from literature on prevailing dispersal modes. Finally, we introduce several items which are not covered in other databases yet: surface structure and form of the diaspore, the exposure of the diaspores in the infructescence and dispersal rankings. Dispersal rankings allow estimations of how well certain species are adapted to a specific dispersal mode in comparison to a larger species set. They are calculated as the percentile rank of an indicator of species’ dispersal potential in relation to a larger species set.
Especially for the new and further developed items we outline the basic concepts in detail, describe the measurement and categorization methods and show how to interpret and integrate these data for single species as well as for larger species sets. Thereby, we calculate baseline statistics of seed dispersal of the Central European flora. We found that diaspores of 72% of the taxa show specializations related to long-distance dispersal, i.e. most often elongated appendages or nutrient-rich tissues. Diaspore masses, sizes and terminal velocities vary over several orders of magnitude and can be approximated by lognormal distributions.
The raccoon is listed among the invasive alien species of EU concern requiring management actions. Projections of its global distribution have been mainly based on climatic variables so far. In this study, we aim to address the impact of land cover (LC) on the raccoon distribution in North America and Europe. First, we identified the LC types in which the observation sites are predominantly located to derive preferred LC types. Second, we used an ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach to evaluate the predictive power of climatic and LC information on the current distribution patterns of raccoons in both ranges. Raccoons seem to be more often associated to forested areas and mixed landscapes, including cropland and urban areas, but underrepresented in vegetation-poor areas, with patterns largely coinciding in both ranges. In order to compare the predictive power of climate variables and land cover variables, we conducted principal component analyses of all variables in the respective variable sets (climate variables and land cover variables) and used all PC variables that together explain 90% of the total variance in the respective set as predictors. Land cover only models resulted in patchy patterns in the projected habitat suitabilities and showed a higher performance compared to the climate only models in both ranges. In Europe, the land cover habitat suitability seems to exceed the current observed occurrences, which could indicate a further spread potential of the raccoon in Europe. We conclude that information on land cover types are important drivers, which explain well the spatial patterns of the raccoon. Consideration of land cover could benefit efforts to control invasive carnivores and contribute to better management of biodiversity, but also human and animal health.
A modification of the Einstein–Hilbert theory, the Covariant Canonical Gauge Gravity (CCGG), leads to a cosmological constant that represents the energy of the space–time continuum when deformed from its (A)dS ground state to a flat geometry. CCGG is based on the canonical transformation theory in the De Donder–Weyl (DW) Hamiltonian formulation. That framework modifies the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian of the free gravitational field by a quadratic Riemann–Cartan concomitant. The theory predicts a total energy-momentum of the system of space–time and matter to vanish, in line with the conjecture of a “Zero-Energy-Universe” going back to Lorentz (1916) and Levi-Civita (1917). Consequently, a flat geometry can only exist in presence of matter where the bulk vacuum energy of matter, regardless of its value, is eliminated by the vacuum energy of space–time. The observed cosmological constant Λobs is found to be merely a small correction attributable to deviations from a flat geometry and effects of complex dynamical geometry of space–time, namely torsion and possibly also vacuum fluctuations. That quadratic extension of General Relativity, anticipated already in 1918 by Einstein, thus provides a significant and natural contribution to resolving the “cosmological constant problem”.
This short paper gives a brief overview of the manifestly covariant canonical gauge gravity (CCGG) that is rooted in the De Donder-Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic field theories, and the proven methodology of the canonical transformation theory. That framework derives, from a few basic physical and mathematical assumptions, equations describing generic matter and gravity dynamics with the spin connection emerging as a Yang Mills-type gauge field. While the interaction of any matter field with spacetime is fixed just by the transformation property of that field, a concrete gravity ansatz is introduced by the choice of the free (kinetic) gravity Hamiltonian. The key elements of this approach are discussed and its implications for particle dynamics and cosmology are presented. New insights: Anomalous Pauli coupling of spinors to curvature and torsion of spacetime, spacetime with (A)dS ground state, inertia, torsion and geometrical vacuum energy, Zero-energy balance of the Universe leading to a vanishing cosmological constant and torsional dark energy.
An extension to the Einstein–Cartan (EC) action is discussed in terms of cosmological solutions. The torsion incorporated in the EC Lagrangian is assumed to be totally anti-symmetric, represented by a time-like axial vector Sμ. The dynamics of torsion is invoked by a novel kinetic term. Here we show that this kinetic term gives rise to dark energy, while the quadratic torsion term, emanating from the EC part, represents a stiff fluid that leads to a bouncing cosmology solution. A constraint on the bouncing solution is calculated using cosmological data from different epochs.
The cosmological implications of the Covariant Canonical Gauge Theory of Gravity (CCGG) are investigated. CCGG is a Palatini theory derived from first principles using the canonical transformation formalism in the covariant Hamiltonian formulation. The Einstein-Hilbert theory is thereby extended by a quadratic Riemann-Cartan term in the Lagrangian. Moreover, the requirement of covariant conservation of the stress-energy tensor leads to necessary presence of torsion. In the Friedman universe that promotes the cosmological constant to a time-dependent function, and gives rise to a geometrical correction with the EOS of dark radiation. The resulting cosmology, compatible with the ΛCDM parameter set, encompasses bounce and bang scenarios with graceful exits into the late dark energy era. Testing those scenarios against low-z observations shows that CCGG is a viable theory.
The cosmological implications of the Covariant Canonical Gauge Theory of Gravity (CCGG) are investigated. CCGG is a Palatini theory derived from first principles using the canonical transformation formalism in the covariant Hamiltonian formulation. The Einstein-Hilbert theory is thereby extended by a quadratic Riemann-Cartan term in the Lagrangian. Moreover, the requirement of covariant conservation of the stress-energy tensor leads to necessary presence of torsion. In the Friedman universe that promotes the cosmological constant to a time-dependent function, and gives rise to a geometrical correction with the EOS of dark radiation. The resulting cosmology, compatible with the ΛCDM parameter set, encompasses bounce and bang scenarios with graceful exits into the late dark energy era. Testing those scenarios against low-z observations shows that CCGG is a viable theory.
Inwiefern schließen Open Source Investigations eine Revision des Indizienparadigmas ein? Der Aufsatz beantwortet diese Frage, indem er anhand von Fallbeispielen von Rechercheagenturen (bellingcat und Forensic Architecture) und investigativen Fotografen (Trevor Paglen und Edmund Clark) eine Verschiebung im Spurbegriff herausarbeitet: Im Rahmen digitaler Recherchen sind Spuren durch Datenverarbeitung hervorgebrachte mediale Artefakte, sie werden also nicht am Tatort vorgefunden, sondern rechnerisch produziert. In den Falldarstellungen und Methodenreflexionen der Akteur:innen können dabei verschiedene Modi der virtuellen Spur unterschieden werden.
Das ludische Dispositiv virtueller Investigationen : auf Spurensuchen in interaktiven Krimi-Formaten
(2024)
In interaktiven Kriminalerzählungen verknüpfen sich Medialität und Ästhetik, wobei Computer als Werkzeuge der Ermittlungsarbeit neue Perspektiven auf polizeiliche Effizienz und agency eröffnen. Narrative Spiele nutzen Technologie und Medien häufig auf innovative und selbstreflexive Weise, um immersive Spielwelten und ludische Herausforderungen für die Spielenden zu schaffen. Dieser Artikel verfolgt die historische Entwicklung von Kriminalspielen anhand einzelner Beispiele. Denn diese weisen bedingt durch ihr Erscheinungsdatum spezifische Formen technischer und ästhetischer Verfahren auf, werfen unterschiedliche Fragen zur Natur von Wissen, Medien und Wahrheit auf und eröffnen unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf die Wechselwirkungen zwischen virtueller und realer Kriminalität sowie auf mögliche Einflüsse auf reale kriminologische Praktiken.
Heutige Diskussionen um 'Artistic Research' oder 'Investigative Aesthetics' reaktivieren die alte Frage nach den Wissens- und Erkenntnisdimensionen von künstlerischer Praxis. Auch in parallel entstehenden literarischen Texten kommt es zu verstärkten Auseinandersetzungen mit Praktiken und Begriffen außerliterarischer Wissensfelder wie den Medien, dem Recht oder den Wissenschaften. Ebenso lassen sich erhöhte Ansprüche ausmachen, mit dem eigenen literarischen Schreiben eine Art Wissen zu erzeugen. Der Beitrag stellt dies beispielhaft an deutschsprachigen Texten zum Jugoslawien-Krieg in den 1990er Jahren dar und diskutiert die literarische Hinwendung zu Formen des Wissens und Ermittelns als ein den forschenden oder investigativen Künsten verwandtes Phänomen.
Der Beitrag thematisiert die literarische Darstellung virtueller Investigationen, welche eine performativ-schauspielerische Wiederholung von Tatgeschehnissen beinhalten. Er analysiert insbesondere die Rolle von Zufallsmotiven und -aspekten in solchen Darstellungen und deren metapoetische Bedeutung im Rahmen einer Gattungspoetik des Kriminalromans. Als Fallbeispiele dienen hierfür Friedrich Dürrenmatts 'Requiem auf den Kriminalroman' "Das Versprechen" und Stanisław Lems Roman "Der Schnupfen". Im Vergleich der beiden Texte zeigt sich unter anderem, dass die Idee eines genauen 're-enactment' von Tathergängen auf der Grundlage virtueller Rekonstruktionen in beiden Romanplots nicht direkt zum gewünschten Ergebnis führt, dass aber in Lems Roman eine Integration des Faktors Zufall in virtuelle Ermittlungsprozesse und in die Poetik des Kriminalromans insgesamt sehr viel positiver gewertet wird, während der Einfluss des Zufalls bei Dürrenmatt ebenfalls als unhintergehbar, aber nicht als uneingeschränkt begrüßenswert perspektiviert wird.
Kriminalität und deren Bekämpfung unterliegen seit jeher permanenten Veränderungen. Durch den gesellschaftlichen Wandel und die damit einhergehende Weiterentwicklung von technischen Möglichkeiten werden fortlaufend neue Modi Operandi ermöglicht, auf welche die Polizei mit teilweise ebenfalls neuen kriminalistischen Mitteln reagiert. Entwicklungen in der Kriminalität und der Kriminalistik können somit als sich gegenseitig beeinflussende Prozesse angesehen werden. Allerdings findet dieser Wandel nicht kontinuierlich statt, sondern tritt in Schüben auf, die in der Regel auf besonders kriminalitätsrelevante Ereignisse zurückzuführen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang verändert sich die Polizei, sowohl in ihrer Organisation als auch in ihren Analysen zur Entwicklung der Kriminalität und in ihren Methoden zu deren Bekämpfung, teilweise grundlegend.
In einem ersten, konzeptionellen Teil wird anhand von ausgewählten Kriminalitätsformen und den damit verbundenen Ermittlungspraktiken ein Überblick der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung von Kriminalität und Kriminalistik gegeben. Darauf aufbauend wird im zweiten Teil der aktuelle Stand dieses 'Evolutionsprozesses' anhand der Implementierung von Predictive-Policing-Systemen in die Polizeiarbeit diskutiert. Denn darin zeigt sich nahezu idealtypisch die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Kriminalität und Kriminalistik wie auch der digitale Wandel und die damit verbundenen Gefahren. Polizeiarbeit scheint sich im Ergebnis dieser Veränderungsprozesse von einer ursprünglich eher auf den Einzelfall bezogenen, subjektiven Sichtweise auf Kriminalität und deren Verfolgung (zum Beispiel durch kriminalistische Taktik und List in der Vernehmung) auf eine nunmehr eher allgemeine, abstraktere Betrachtung zu verschieben ('Abstract Police').
Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf einen blinden Fleck in Carlo Ginzburgs Indizienparadigma. Ginzburg beschränkt die Ermittlung von Wissen im Bereich des Rechts auf die Erhebung materieller Indizien der Vergangenheit. Im größeren Zusammenhang der staatlichen Rationalität des 18. Jahrhunderts wird jedoch deutlich, dass bei Ginzburg die präventive und damit zukunftsgewandte Komponente der Guten Policey fehlt. Um potentielle Gefahren abzuwehren und bestenfalls unmöglich zu machen, werden im Dienste der Generalprävention Spuren einer möglichen Zukunft lesbar gemacht. Doch führt die bloße Virtualität einer potentiellen Zukunft zu einer Universalisierung des Verdachts und alle Menschen werden zu potentiellen Verbrechern. Mit Schiller und Fichte macht der Beitrag daher auch die Grenzen staatlicher Fürsorge namhaft. Im Bereich der Literaturwissenschaft entspricht den Investigationen der Guten Policey die rezeptionsästhetische Theorie. Sie ermittelt das Bedeutungspotential, das einem Werk immer schon innewohnt, aber erst in der späteren Rezeption entfaltet wird. Der Bedrohung einer Universalisierung des Verdachts entspricht bei der Rezeptionsästhetik die Gefahr, das Bedeutungspotential zu entgrenzen, womit die Lesart der Indizien beliebig würde.
Lange hat sich die Feststellung von Subjekten auf den menschlichen Körper gerichtet, auf dessen Spur, besonderes Merkmal, Fingerabdruck oder DNA-Profil. Derweil verliert sich dieser indexikalische Zusammenhang in digitalen Erkennungsverfahren, einerseits indem sie nicht länger ein Indiz auf einen unverwechselbaren Körper beziehen, sondern dessen Bild nunmehr mit den Pixel-Verteilungen in tausenden anderen Bilddateien abgleichen, andererseits weil sie, noch vor der Identifizierung einer Person, überhaupt erst einen "Körper" als solchen registrieren müssen. Damit aber verschieben sich all jene subversiven Praktiken, die den Menschen der Detektion zu entziehen trachten: Statt bloßer Maskierung gilt es jetzt, den Körper selbst zu tilgen - durch technische Verwischungen, Oberflächenmodulationen oder Bewegungsmuster außerhalb der KI-Trainingsraster. Derlei Strategien des Entzugs werden in der zeitgenössischen Videokunst erprobt, etwa in Hito Steyerls "How Not to Be Seen" oder Liam Youngs "Choreographic Camouflage". Damit stellt sich zudem die grundsätzliche Frage nach der Verfügbarkeit und Neuform(at)ierung des Körpers im Digitalen; hier nämlich verwandelt er sich vom Zeichen- und Faktenreservoir in Virtualität und stetes Werden, die ihr politisches Potential auch weit jenseits aller Überwachungstechnologie entfalten.
Indizien zu lesen, gehört zu den Plausibilisierungspraktiken in alltäglichen wie wissenschaftlichen Kontexten. Über indexikalische Techniken des Schließens ist Wissen semiologisch wie hermeneutisch dynamisiert. Zentral gilt dies für Disziplinen wie Recht, Medizin, Psychologie, Archäologie, Philologie u.a.m. - sie alle folgen Indizien als eine Art 'Allegorie des Verweisens'. Das Indiz als der Zeichentypus, der sich selbst zeigt und zugleich etwas anderes an-zeigt (indicare), changiert dabei stets zwischen Evidenz und Lektüre - das weiß bereits die Antike, doch epistemologisch und semiologisch prominent diskutiert wird es im 18. Jahrhundert.
Als Carlo Ginzburg die These formulierte, dass die Geisteswissenschaften wie die Kriminalliteratur im sog. "Indizienparadigma" gründeten, hatte er mit Sherlock Holmes einen Detektiv vor Augen, der persönlich den Tatort besichtigte. Dort erhob er Spuren, kombinierte sie und kam in oftmals ingeniösen, aber auch höchst spekulativen Schlussfolgerungen zur Lösung seines Falls. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Entwicklungen in Forschung und Fahndung muss dieses materiell und empirisch grundierte "Indizienparadigma" jedoch einer Revision unterzogen werden. Denn seit der Privatdetektiv von "Kommissar Computer" Konkurrenz bekommen hat, haben sich die Investigationspraktiken grundlegend gewandelt: So können computergestützte Fahndungs- und Aufklärungsmethoden eine Besichtigung des Tatorts ersetzen, während algorithmische Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung vergangene wie zukünftige Fälle erhellt. Der vorliegende Sammelband mit Beiträgen aus der Literatur-, Medien- und Designwissenschaft untersucht, inwiefern solche "virtuellen Investigationen" in Literatur und Kunst der Gegenwart eine Revision des Indizienparadigmas einschließen - und inwiefern Begriffe der Virtualität bereits die Investigativarbeit im 19. Jahrhundert prägten
A partial-wave analysis of the decay 𝐽/𝜓→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋0 has been made using (223.7±1.4)×106 𝐽/𝜓 events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009. The analysis, which is performed within the isobar-model approach, reveals contributions from 𝐾*2(1430)±, 𝐾*2(1980)± and 𝐾*4(2045)± decaying to 𝐾±𝜋0. The two latter states are observed in 𝐽/𝜓 decays for the first time. Two resonance signals decaying to 𝐾+𝐾− are also observed. These contributions cannot be reliably identified and their possible interpretations are discussed. The measured branching fraction 𝐵(𝐽/𝜓→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋0) of (2.88±0.01±0.12)×10−3 is more precise than previous results. Branching fractions for the reported contributions are presented as well. The results of the partial-wave analysis differ significantly from those previously obtained by BESII and BABAR.
Auf Initiative des Schwerpunktes Ökotoxikologie im Masterstudiengang Umweltwissenschaften an der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen wurde eine neue Plattform für die Begegnung und Vernetzung der Studierenden untereinander eingerichtet, der sich nun zum ersten Mal jährt. Um mehr Einblicke in das praktische Versuchswesen und Studienangebote anderer Hochschulen zu geben, organisiert der Schwerpunkt Angebotsformate, die über die Vorlesungen hinausgehen. Der »Mittelhessische Tag der Ökotoxikologie« bringt Studierende der Technischen Hochschule Mittelhessen, der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, der Philipps-Universität Marburg, jüngst auch der Universität Kassel und der JLU am FNU in Homberg (Ohm) zusammen und erlaubt ihnen Einblicke in die ökotoxikologische Forschung und Praxis.