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Regulierung im Gesundheitswesen ist einerseits spezifisch, andererseits werden zunehmend Regulierungsansätze aus anderen Sektoren übernommen. Dies wirft grundsätzliche rechtswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen auf: Was sind die Besonderheiten des Gesundheitssektors? Dürfen allgemeine Regulierungsformen auf den Gesundheitssektor übertragen werden? Wie beeinflusst die europäische Gesetzgebung diese Entwicklungen? Der Band enthält Beiträge von ausgewiesenen Expertinnen und Experten des Gesundheitsrechts, die sich anhand aktueller Fragen aus den Bereichen Bedarfsplanung, Arzneimittelregulierung, Wettbewerbsrecht sowie der EU-Patientenrichtlinie mit den Möglichkeiten rechtlicher Regulierung im Gesundheitswesen befassen. Dabei wird auch die neuste Gesetzgebung, insbesondere das Versorgungsstrukturgesetz, erörtert.
Der Begriff der Glokalisierung wurde in den 1980er Jahren in der Ökonomie und dann in der Soziologie eingeführt, um die wechselseitige Verbindung zwischen globalen Steuerungsprozessen und lokalen Produktions- bzw. Distributionsstrukturen zu beschreiben. In seiner weiteren Geschichte diente der Begriff auch dazu, grundsätzliche Kritik an einem Verständnis von Globalisierung zu üben, in welchem die Bezüge zu den lokalen Grundlagen und Auswirkungen ausgeblendet werden. Literatur ist auf ihre Weise in diese Zusammenhänge verstrickt. Aufgrund ihrer Medialität sind literarische Texte immer auf lokale Produktions- und Rezeptionsorte angewiesen. Zugleich aber müssen sie diese Orte verlassen, um eine potentielle Vielzahl an Leser:innen erreichen zu können. Literatur eignet sich deshalb - so die leitende These dieses Bandes - besonders dazu, die mit dem Begriff der Glokalisierung verbundenen Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen lokalen Gegebenheiten und globalen Herausforderungen zu reflektieren.
Der Beirat gibt ein globales CO2-Reduktionsziel an, das in einem „Invers-Szenario“ auf der Grundlage mathematisch-physikalischer Modelle berechnet wurde. Aus der Analyse der ökologisch und ökonomisch vermutlich noch tragbaren Belastungen durch Klimaänderungen wird zunächst ein „Toleranzfenster“ für die zulässigen Klimaentwicklungen festgelegt. Ökologische Grenzen ergeben sich dabei aus der Maximaltemperatur und den Temperaturgradienten, an die sich die Biosphäre noch anpassen kann. Ökonomische Grenzen sind durch die für die Weltwirtschaft gerade noch zumutbaren Klimafolgekosten bestimmt. Die Hauptergebnisse des Szenarios sind: • Die anthropogenen CO2-Emissionen müssen langfristig, d.h. über mehrere Jahrhunderte, nahezu auf Null reduziert werden. Dabei läßt das Klimasystem allerdings beträchtliche Freiheiten zu, was die Gestaltung des Emissionsprofils anbetrifft. • Die Fortsetzung der gegenwärtigen Emissionspraxis (Business as Usual) würde uns zwar noch ca. 25 Jahre Zeit geben, dann aber innerhalb weniger Jahre einen solch drastischen Minderungszwang erfordern, daß kaum Strukturen und Technologien vorstellbar sind, die diese Minderung erbringen könnten. • Deshalb erscheint dem Beirat ein Emissionsprofil umsetzbar und sinnvoll, bei dem die globalen CO2-Emissionen, nach einer Übergangszeit von etwa 5 Jahren, über mehr als 150 Jahre um jährlich knapp 1% reduziert werden. • Dadurch kommen vor allem auf die Industrieländer mittelfristig große Reduktionspflichten zu. Der Beirat regt an, die aus der Selbstverpflichtung Deutschlands zur Minderung der CO2-Emissionen entstehenden Maßnahmen konsequent zu verwirklichen. International sind Vereinbarungen abzuschließen, die über das Jahr 2000 hinausreichen.
Wirtschafts- und Rechnungsbücher bieten mehrdimensionale Zugänge und erfordern multidisziplinäre Annäherungen. Dass sie weit mehr sind als Einnahmen- und Ausgabeverzeichnisse zeigen die hier vorliegenden 17 Beiträge mit Beispielen von Lübeck bis Lyon. Sie vereinen die Ergebnisse eines Workshops, der diese Gattung serieller Quellen von Seiten der Geschichtswissenschaft und der Historischen Sprachforschung, der Editions- und Medienwissenschaft sowie der historischen Wirtschafts- und Betriebswirtschaftswissenschaft in den Blick genommen hat.
Der interdisziplinäre Sammelband eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf den Stil als bislang unterkonturierte literaturwissenschaftliche Leitkategorie unter transnationalen, wissens-, gattungs- und sprachgeschichtlichen Gesichtspunkten. Im 18. Jahrhundert zeichnet sich im Nachdenken über Schreibarten eine Neujustierung der Stilkategorie ab, die den Stil zur Reflexionsgröße für ästhetische Diskurse macht. Der Band sondiert die Pluralisierung, Historisierung und Individualisierung der Stilkategorie, die ihr neue literatur- und kulturtheoretische Anwendungsbereiche eröffnet. Die Bewegungen zwischen den Sprachen, Literaturen, Medien und semantischen Feldern erschließt die Publikation, indem sie europäische Vergleichshorizonte eröffnet und literatur- ebenso wie sprachwissenschaftliche Ansätze präsentiert. Damit leistet sie einen Beitrag zum Feld der komparatistisch ausgerichteten Germanistik, insbesondere der Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts und des europäischen Kulturtransfers.
With this volume, the editors Katharina Edtstadler, Sandra Folie, and Gianna Zocco propose an extension of the traditional conception of imagology as a theory and method for studying the cultural construction and literary representation of national, usually European characters. Consisting of an instructive introduction and 21 articles, the book relates this sub-field of comparative literature to contemporary political developments and enriches it with new interdisciplinary, transnational, intersectional, and intermedial perspectives. The contributions offer [1] a reconsideration and update of the field's methods, genres, and theoretical frames; [2] trans-/post-national, migratory, and marginalized perspectives beyond the European nation-state; [3] insights into geopolitical dichotomies such as Orient/Occident; [4] intersectional approaches considering the entanglements of national images with notions of age, class, gender, sexuality, and ethnicity/race; [5] investigations of the role of national images in visual narratives and music.
Diversität und Diskurs – Wie (un-)politisch ist die Universität? : Ringvorlesung im Sommersemester
(2024)
Das deutsche Open Science Festival geht in die dritte Runde und wird am 17. und 18. September 2024 an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz stattfinden. In den Räumen der Musikhochschule bietet das Festival den Teilnehmenden die Gelegenheit, die Vielfalt und Bedeutung von Open Science zu entdecken und zu erleben.
Wie sieht die Zukunft der Wertschöpfung aus? Lässt sich eine "Demokratisierung" der Wertschöpfung beobachten? Befinden wir uns inmitten eines Paradigmenwechsels von der Industriellen Produktion hin zur Bottom-up-Ökonomie? Und wenn ja, was bedeutet das für die Gesellschaft?
Um diese Fragen aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven zu betrachten und gemeinschaftlich die damit zusammenhängenden gesellschaftlichen Chancen und Herausforderungen zu diskutieren, wurde das neue Konferenzformat "Interdisziplinäre Konferenz zur Zukunft der Wertschöpfung" geschaffen. Neben dem themenübergreifenden fachlichen Austausch ist auch die Vernetzung zwischen Wissenschaftlern/innen und Experten aus der Praxis ein Ziel dieser Reihe.
Der vorliegende Konferenzband beinhaltet die Beiträge der teilnehmenden Wissenschaftlicher/innen aus den Technik-, Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Rechtswissenschaften und gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte in den jeweiligen Fachgebieten. Die akademische Qualitätssicherung erfolgte mit Hilfe eines Peer-Review-Verfahrens. ...
Vor Ihnen liegt unser zweites Open Journal of Knowledge Management der Community of Knowledge in diesem Jahr. Werden in dem jeweils ersten Open Journal of Knowledge Management des Jahres ausschließlich in einem Call for Papers eingereichte Beiträge publiziert, so handelt es sich bei dem zweiten um ein Review. In dem vorliegenden Journal finden Sie daher besonders erfolgreiche Beiträge der letzten 12 Monate, eine Art "Best of" der Community of Knowledge. Maßstab ist das Nutzerverhalten, also hauptsächlich die Seitenaufrufe, ergänzend die Verweildauer und Absprungrate. ...
Journal für Bienenfreunde
(1799)
Contents Introduction 1 New forms of collaborative innovation and production on the Internet : Volker Wittke and Heidemarie Hanekop Interdisciplinary perspectives on collaborative innovation and production: Conceptual debates 2 Customer Co-Creation: Open Innovation with Customers : Frank Piller, Christoph Ihl and Alexander Vossen 3 Governing Social Production : Niva Elkin-Koren 4 Trust Management in Online Communities : Audun Jøsang 5 Building a reputation system for Wikipedia : Christian Damsgaard Jensen 6 Cooperation in Wikipedia from a Network Perspective : Christian Stegbauer Firm driven collaborative innovation and production: Case studies 7 Managing a New Consumer Culture: “Working Consumers” in Web 2.0 as a Source of Corporate Feedback : Sabine Hornung, Frank Kleemann and G. Günter Voß 8 Prosuming, or when customers turn collaborators: coordination and motivation of customer contribution : Birgit Blättel-Mink, Raphael Menez, Dirk Dalichau, Daniel Kahnert 9 Role Confusion in Open Innovation Intermediary Arenas : Tobias Fredberg, Maria Elmquist, Susanne Ollila, Anna Yström List of Contributors
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a global spin polarization, PH, of Λ and Λ¯ hyperons along the direction of the system angular momentum was discovered and measured across a broad range of collision energies and demonstrated a trend of increasing PH with decreasing sNN−−−√. A splitting between Λ and Λ¯ polarization may be possible due to their different magnetic moments in a late-stage magnetic field sustained by the quark-gluon plasma which is formed in the collision. The results presented in this study find no significant splitting at the collision energies of sNN−−−√=19.6 and 27 GeV in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase II using the STAR detector, with an upper limit of PΛ¯−PΛ<0.24% and PΛ¯−PΛ<0.35%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. We derive an upper limit on the naïve extraction of the late-stage magnetic field of B<9.4⋅1012 T and B<1.4⋅1013 T at sNN−−−√=19.6 and 27 GeV, respectively, although more thorough derivations are needed. Differential measurements of PH were performed with respect to collision centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity. With our current acceptance of |y|<1 and uncertainties, we observe no dependence on transverse momentum and rapidity in this analysis. These results challenge multiple existing model calculations following a variety of different assumptions which have each predicted a strong dependence on rapidity in this collision-energy range.
Wahrnehmung wurde zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts bestimmt als "Organ unseres ursprünglichen Welt-Erlebens." Das ursprüngliche Welterleben war das des Flaneurs, der mit allen Sinnen Umwelt wahrnimmt, um sich zu situieren und aus dieser Verortung Sicherheit und Anderssein zu gewinnen; die Verortung war aber auch über die Individualebene hinaus von politischer, sozialer, ökonomischer und kultureller Bedeutung. Man greift nicht zu hoch, wenn der Vormärz als Zeitspanne betrachtet wird, in der eine vollere Realität in sehr spezifischer Weise greifbar wurde. Die Vielschichtigkeit der Vormärz-Welt war dabei eine konstanter Innovation, die eine Initiierung jener Selbstbilder bedeutete, die über das Wahrnehmen bestätigt wurden, das selbst ein anderes geworden war. Nicht mehr informierte Wahrnehmung über die tautologisch so genannten sozialen Tatsachen; sie schuf diese vielmehr um und damit neu - das Organ des Welterlebens wirkte hier auf die Welt ein und musste Erlebnisse nicht mehr erleiden. Die Erfahrung der Welt-Erlebnisse bestand auch darin, die Sinne als sinnenöffnend zu sehen, indem die theoretische Vorrangstellung des Informationsaspekts der Wahrnehmung zurücktrat und Indices von Engagement, Eingreifen und Emanzipation deutlich werden konnten. Dies bedeutete, eine Form des "Wirklichkeitskontakts" zu suchen, die bisher nicht bestanden hatte. War der Kontakt vorher so geschehen, dass die Sinne eine bestätigende Funktion den sozialen und politischen Valeurs gegenüber einnahmen, die bezogen auf Emanzipationsprozesse und deren Möglichkeit einer Schließung gleichkam, öffnete nun die Veränderung der Wahrnehmung neue Formen des Wirklichkeitskontakts. In diesem Kontakt war vor allem entscheidend, dass nun die Bedingungen der Wahrnehmung ersichtlich wurden, sich als veränderbar auswiesen und nicht mehr im umfassenden Konstrukt "Wahrnehmung" aufgingen.
Selbstübersetzungen sind faszinierende Erscheinungsformen mehr- und anderssprachigen Schreibens. Sie bewegen sich an der Grenze zwischen pragmatischem Nutzen und autorschaftlicher Strategie, sie eröffnen die Lizenz zum produktiven Weiterdenken, Umstellen und Fortsetzen des Ausgangstextes, und oft werfen sie die Frage auf, welche der so entstehenden Versionen das Original und welche die Übersetzung ist. Bisherige Untersuchungen zum Thema konzentrierten sich meist auf literarische, insbesondere poetische Selbstübersetzungen. Der vorliegende Band nimmt dagegen das Moment der Übertragung von Wissen in den Blick - und damit den spannungsvollen Zusammenhang von sprachlichem Transfer und Wissenstransfer. Die Beiträge widmen sich gelehrten und intellektuellen Selbstübersetzern aus fünf Jahrhunderten: Martin Luther, Jan Baptista van Helmont, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Wilhelm und Alexander von Humboldt, Alessandro Manzoni, Heinrich Heine, Leo Spitzer, Walter Benjamin, Kurt Goldstein, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Cornelius Castoriadis, Humberto Maturana und Wolfgang Iser.
Elliptic flow of heavy-flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
(2023)
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27 and 54.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons (eHF) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 54.4 GeV exhibit a non-zero v2 in the transverse momentum (pT) region of pT< 2 GeV/c with the magnitude comparable to that at sNN−−−√=200 GeV. The measured eHF v2 at 54.4 GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron v2 following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=54.4 GeV. The measured eHF v2 in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√= 27 GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of v2 for different flavor particles (π,ϕ,D0/eHF) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Elliptic flow of heavy-flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
(2023)
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27 and 54.4\,GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons (eHF) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 54.4\,GeV exhibit a non-zero v2 in the transverse momentum (pT) region of pT< 2\,GeV/c with the magnitude comparable to that at sNN−−−√=200 \,GeV. The measured eHF v2 at 54.4\,GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron v2 following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=54.4\,GeV. The measured eHF v2 in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√= 27\,GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of v2 for different flavor particles (π,ϕ,D0/eHF) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at mid-rapidity and within the transverse momentum phase space. We observe a power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments in Au+Au collisions and a decrease in the extracted scaling exponent (ν) from peripheral to central collisions. The ν is consistent with a constant for different collisions energies in the mid-central (10-40\%) collisions. Moreover, the ν in the 0-5\% most central Au+Au collisions exhibits a non-monotonic energy dependence that reaches a possible minimum around sNN−−−√ = 27 GeV. The physics implications on the QCD phase structure are discussed.
The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics' correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity (η/s). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initial-state effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature (T) and baryon chemical potential (μB) dependence of the specific shear viscosity ηs(T,μB).
The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) has been theorized to propagate in the deconfined nuclear medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, and to cause a difference in elliptic flow (v2) between negatively and positively charged hadrons. Experimental data consistent with the CMW have been reported by the STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), based on the charge asymmetry dependence of the pion v2 from Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27 to 200 GeV. In this comprehensive study, we present the STAR measurements of elliptic flow and triangular flow of charged pions, along with the v2 of charged kaons and protons, as a function of charge asymmetry in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV. The slope parameters extracted from the linear dependence of the v2 difference on charge asymmetry for different particle species are reported and compared in different centrality intervals. In addition, the slopes of v2 for charged pions in small systems, \textit{i.e.}, p+Au and d+Au at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV, are also presented and compared with those in large systems, \textit{i.e.}, Au+Au at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV and U+U at 193 GeV. Our results provide new insights for the possible existence of the CMW, and further constrain the background contributions in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies.
Zukunft betrifft alle Lebewesen - dennoch ist das Nachdenken über Zukünftiges etwas genuin Menschliches: Literatur kann dieses Nachdenken, diese Vorfreude, diese Sorgen antizipieren, materialisieren und erfahrbar machen. Sie bietet eine Leinwand für die Fragen nach der Konstruktion von Zukunft und ihrer Interdependenz zu Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Damit verbundene Reflexionen reichen von den Folgen des Klimawandels über die Bewältigung persönlicher und gesellschaftlicher Krisen bis hin zur Auseinandersetzung mit technischen Entwicklungen. Texte - im weitesten Sinne - gestalten Möglichkeitsräume ungewisser Zukünfte aus. Daher stehen die Geisteswissenschaften in der Verantwortung, das vorhandene Potenzial auszuloten. Dieser Band ist das Ergebnis des 13. Studierendenkongresses der Komparatistik mit dem Thema "Literatur & Zukunft", der am 27. und 28. Mai 2022 an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal stattgefunden hat und Beiträge einer neuen Generation von Literaturwissenschaftler:innen versammelt.
Berühren Denken
(2021)
'Theorie' geht etymologisch auf 'Anschauen' zurück. Der Theoretiker gilt gemeinhin als distanzierter Zuschauer. Diese distanzierte Position wird hier hinterfragt. Die Beiträge stützen sich dabei auf eine theoretische Tradition, die sich am Tastsinn als Korrektiv des Sehsinns orientiert. Taktilen Erfahrungsdimensionen wie dem Berühren wird schon lange eine idealisierte 'unmittelbare Wahrnehmung' jenseits von begrifflicher Abstraktion zugeschrieben. Die Autorinnen und Autoren beleuchten dagegen die komplizierte Verwandtschaft von Berühren und Denken und die begrifflichen Verwicklungen und Potenziale des Berührens. Es werden nicht nur unterschiedliche Konzepte von Berührung in Philosophie und Kunst betrachtet, sondern auch theoretische Denk- und Schreibformen erkundet, die selbst 'Berührungen' mit sich bringen.
We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at RHIC. A significant v3 signal is observed for protons, whose magnitude increases for higher rapidity, higher transverse momentum, and more peripheral collisions. The triangular flow is essentially rapidity-odd with a rapidity slope at mid-rapidity, dv3/dy|(y=0), opposite in sign compared to the slope for directed flow. No significant v3 signal is observed for charged pions and kaons. Comparisons with models suggest that a mean field potential is required to describe these results, and that the triangular shape of the participant nucleons is the result of stopping and nuclear geometry.
The STAR Collaboration presents measurements of the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from energetic direct-photon γdir and neutral-pion (π0) triggers in p+p and central Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV over a broad kinematic range, for jet resolution parameters R=0.2 and 0.5. Medium-induced jet yield suppression is observed to be larger for R=0.2 than for 0.5, reflecting the angular range of jet energy redistribution due to quenching. The magnitude of suppression is similar for γdir- and π0-triggered data, which constrains the color-charge and path-length dependence of jet quenching. Theoretical model calculations incorporating jet quenching do not fully describe the measurements.
The STAR Collaboration presents measurements of the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from energetic direct-photon γdir and neutral-pion (π0) triggers in p+p and central Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV over a broad kinematic range, for jet resolution parameters R=0.2 and 0.5. Medium-induced jet yield suppression is observed to be larger for R=0.2 than for 0.5, reflecting the angular range of jet energy redistribution due to quenching. The magnitude of suppression is similar for γdir- and π0-triggered data, which constrains the color-charge and path-length dependence of jet quenching. Theoretical model calculations incorporating jet quenching do not fully describe the measurements.
The longitudinal and transverse spin transfers to Λ (Λ¯¯¯¯) hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions are expected to be sensitive to the helicity and transversity distributions, respectively, of (anti-)strange quarks in the proton, and to the corresponding polarized fragmentation functions. We report improved measurements of the longitudinal spin transfer coefficient, DLL, and the transverse spin transfer coefficient, DTT, to Λ and Λ¯¯¯¯ in polarized proton-proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The data set includes longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 52 pb−1, and transversely polarized proton-proton collisions with a similar integrated luminosity. Both data sets have about twice the statistics of previous results and cover a kinematic range of |ηΛ(Λ¯¯¯¯)| < 1.2 and transverse momentum pT,Λ(Λ¯¯¯¯) up to 8 GeV/c. We also report the first measurements of the hyperon spin transfer coefficients DLL and DTT as a function of the fractional jet momentum z carried by the hyperon, which can provide more direct constraints on the polarized fragmentation functions.
For the search of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), STAR previously presented the results from isobar collisions (9644Ru+9644Ru, 9640Zr+9640Zr) obtained through a blind analysis. The ratio of results in Ru+Ru to Zr+Zr collisions for the CME-sensitive charge-dependent azimuthal correlator (Δγ), normalized by elliptic anisotropy (v2), was observed to be close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio. The background baseline for the isobar ratio, Y=(Δγ/v2)Ru(Δγ/v2)Zr, is naively expected to be (1/N)Ru(1/N)Zr; however, genuine two- and three-particle correlations are expected to alter it. We estimate the contributions to Y from those correlations, utilizing both the isobar data and HIJING simulations. After including those contributions, we arrive at a final background baseline for Y, which is consistent with the isobar data. We extract an upper limit for the CME fraction in the Δγ measurement of approximately 10% at a 95% confidence level on in isobar collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV.
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). The t dependence of B is determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s√=546 GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σfidel=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.
Atomic nuclei are self-organized, many-body quantum systems bound by strong nuclear forces within femtometer-scale space. These complex systems manifest a diverse set of shapes~, traditionally explored via non-invasive spectroscopic techniques at low energies. Their instantaneous shapes, obscured by long-timescale quantum fluctuations, are considered not directly observable at low energy. We introduce a complementary method, collective flow assisted nuclear shape imaging, to image the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analyzing the collective response of outgoing debris. This technique captures a collision-specific snapshot of the spatial matter distribution in the nuclei, which, through the hydrodynamic expansion, leaves imprints on the particle momentum distribution patterns observed in detectors. We benchmark this method in collisions of ground state Uranium-238 nuclei, known for its elongated, axial-symmetric shape. Our findings, while confirming an overall deformation broadly consistent with prior low-energy experiments, also indicate a small deviation from axial symmetry in the nuclear ground state. This approach marks a new way of imaging nuclei, especially those with uncertain shape characteristics, and refines initial conditions in high-energy nuclear collisions. It tackles the important issue of nuclear structure evolution across various energy scales.
Measurements of exclusive J/ψ, ψ(2s), and electron-positron (e+e−) pair photoproduction in Au+Au ultra-peripheral collisions are reported by the STAR experiment at √sNN=200 GeV. We report several first measurements at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, which are i) J/ψ photoproduction with large momentum transfer up to 2.2 (GeV/c)2, ii) coherent J/ψ photoproduction associated with neutron emissions from nuclear breakup, iii) the rapidity dependence of incoherent J/ψ photoproduction, iv) the ψ(2s) photoproduction cross section at mid-rapidity, and v) e+e− pair photoproduction up to high invariant mass of 6 GeV/c2. For measurement ii), the coherent J/ψ total cross section of γ∗+Au→J/ψ+Au as a function of the center-of-mass energy Wγ∗N has been obtained without photon energy ambiguities. The data are quantitatively compared with the Monte Carlo models STARlight, Sartre, BeAGLE, and theoretical calculations of gluon saturation with color glass condensate, nuclear shadowing with leading twist approximation, Quantum Electrodynamics, and the Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD. At the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.0 GeV, the coherent and incoherent J/ψ cross sections of Au nuclei are found to be 71±10% and 36±7%, respectively, of that of free protons. These data provide an important experimental constraint for nuclear parton distribution functions and a unique opportunity to advance the understanding of the nuclear modification effect at the top RHIC energy.
We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to 4th order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES-I) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center of mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 7.7 to 200 GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.
In heavy-ion collision experiments, the global collectivity of final-state particles can be quantified by anisotropic flow coefficients (vn). The first-order flow coefficient, also referred to as the directed flow (v1), describes the collective sideward motion of produced particles and nuclear fragments in heavy-ion collisions. It carries information on the very early stage of the collision, especially at large pseudorapidity (η), where it is believed to be generated during the nuclear passage time. Directed flow therefore probes the onset of bulk collective dynamics during thermalization, providing valuable experimental guidance to models of the pre-equilibrium stage. In 2018, the Event Plane Detector (EPD) was installed in STAR and used for the Beam Energy Scan phase-II (BES-II) data taking. The combination of EPD (2.1<|η|<5.1) and high-statistics BES-II data enables us to extend the v1 measurement to the forward and backward η regions. In this paper, we present the measurement of v1 over a wide η range in Au+Au collisions at √sNN= 19.6 and 27 GeV using the STAR EPD. The results of the analysis at √sNN=19.6 GeV exhibit excellent consistency with the previous PHOBOS measurement, while elevating the precision of the overall measurement. The increased precision of the measurement also revealed finer structures in heavy-ion collisions, including a potential observation of the first-order event-plane decorrelation. Multiple physics models were compared to the experimental results. Only a transport model and a three-fluid hybrid model can reproduce a sizable v1 at large η as was observed experimentally. The model comparison also indicates v1 at large η might be sensitive to the QGP phase transition.
In a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), the fundamental building blocks of matter, quarks and gluons, are under extreme conditions of temperature and density. A QGP could exist in the early stages of the Universe, and in various objects and events in the cosmos. The thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of the QGP are described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and can be studied in heavy-ion collisions. Despite being a key thermodynamic parameter, the QGP temperature is still poorly known. Thermal lepton pairs (e+e− and μ+μ−) are ideal penetrating probes of the true temperature of the emitting source, since their invariant-mass spectra suffer neither from strong final-state interactions nor from blue-shift effects due to rapid expansion. Here we measure the QGP temperature using thermal e+e− production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The average temperature from the low-mass region (in-medium ρ0 vector-meson dominant) is (1.99±0.24)×1012 K, consistent with the chemical freeze-out temperature from statistical models and the phase transition temperature from LQCD. The average temperature from the intermediate mass region (above the ρ0 mass, QGP dominant) is significantly higher at (3.40±0.55)×1012 K. This work provides essential experimental thermodynamic measurements to map out the QCD phase diagram and understand the properties of matter under extreme conditions.
With the STAR experiment at RHIC, we characterize √sNN = 200 GeV p+Au collisions by event activity (EA) measured within the pseudorapidity range η∈[−5,−3.4] in the Au-going direction and report correlations between this EA and hard- and soft-scale particle production at mid-rapidity (η∈[−1,1]). At the soft scale, charged particle production in low-EA p+Au collisions is comparable to that in \pp collisions and increases monotonically with increasing EA. At the hard scale, we report measurements of high transverse momentum (pT) jets in events of different EAs. In contrast to the soft particle production, high-pT particle production and EA are found to be inversely related. To investigate whether this is a signal of jet quenching in high-EA events, we also report ratios of pT imbalance and azimuthal separation of dijets in high- and low-EA events. Within our measurement precision, no significant differences are observed, disfavoring the presence of jet quenching in the highest 30% EA p+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV.
The STAR experiment at RHIC reports new measurements of jet quenching based on the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from direct photon (γdir) and neutral pion (π0) triggers in p+p and central Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV, for triggers in the range 9<EtrigT<20 GeV. The datasets have integrated luminosities of 3.9 nb−1 for Au+Au and 23 pb−1 for p+p collisions. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and 0.5. The large uncorrelated jet background in central Au+Au collisions is corrected using a mixed-event approach, which enables precise charged-particle jet measurements at low transverse momentum pchT,jet and large R. Recoil-jet distributions are reported in the range pchT,jet<25 GeV. Comparison of the distributions measured in p+p and Au+Au collisions reveals strong medium-induced jet yield suppression for R=0.2, with markedly less suppression for R=0.5. These data provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying jet quenching, and the angular dependence of medium-induced jet-energy transport.
The differential cross section for Z0 production, measured as a function of the boson's transverse momentum (pT), provides important constraints on the evolution of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) of the Z0 is sensitive to one of the polarized TMDs, the Sivers function, which is predicted to have the opposite sign in p+p →W/Z+X from that which enters in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In this Letter, the STAR Collaboration reports the first measurement of the Z0/γ∗ differential cross section as a function of its pT in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 510 GeV, together with the Z0/γ∗ total cross section. We also report the measurement of Z0/γ∗ TSSA in transversely polarized p+p collisions at 510 GeV.
We report a new measurement of the production of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFEs) at mid-rapidity (|y|< 0.7) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV. Invariant yields of HFEs are measured for the transverse momentum range of 3.5<pT<9 GeV/c in various configurations of the collision geometry. The HFE yields in head-on Au+Au collisions are suppressed by approximately a factor of 2 compared to that in p+p collisions scaled by the average number of binary collisions, indicating strong interactions between heavy quarks and the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Comparison of these results with models provides additional tests of theoretical calculations of heavy quark energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
We report a new measurement of the production of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFEs) at mid-rapidity (|y|< 0.7) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV. Invariant yields of HFEs are measured for the transverse momentum range of 3.5<pT<9 GeV/c in various configurations of the collision geometry. The HFE yields in head-on Au+Au collisions are suppressed by approximately a factor of 2 compared to that in p+p collisions scaled by the average number of binary collisions, indicating strong interactions between heavy quarks and the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Comparison of these results with models provides additional tests of theoretical calculations of heavy quark energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
We report a measurement of exclusive J/ψ photoproduction in Au+Au ultra-peripheral collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV using the STAR detector. For the first time, i) the rapidity correlation between J/ψ photoproduction and neutron emission from nuclear breakups has been experimentally measured; ii) nuclear suppression factors are measured for both the coherent and incoherent J/ψ production. At photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.0 GeV, the coherent and incoherent J/ψ cross sections of Au nuclei are found to be 71±10% and 36±7%, respectively, of that of free protons. The stronger suppression observed in the incoherent production provides a new experimental handle to study the initial-state parton density in heavy nuclei. Data are compared with theoretical models quantitatively.
We report a measurement of exclusive J/ψ photoproduction in Au+Au ultra-peripheral collisions at sNN−−−√=200 GeV using the STAR detector. For the first time, i) the rapidity correlation between J/ψ photoproduction and neutron emission from nuclear breakups has been experimentally measured; ii) nuclear suppression factors are measured for both the coherent and incoherent J/ψ production. At photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.0 GeV, the coherent and incoherent J/ψ cross sections of Au nuclei are found to be 71±10% and 36±7%, respectively, of that of free protons. The stronger suppression observed in the incoherent production provides a new experimental handle to study the initial-state parton density in heavy nuclei. Data are compared with theoretical models quantitatively.
We report the measurement of K∗0 meson at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√~=~7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV collected by the STAR experiment during the RHIC beam energy scan (BES) program. The transverse momentum spectra, yield, and average transverse momentum of K∗0 are presented as functions of collision centrality and beam energy. The K∗0/K yield ratios are presented for different collision centrality intervals and beam energies. The K∗0/K ratio in heavy-ion collisions are observed to be smaller than that in small system collisions (e+e and p+p). The K∗0/K ratio follows a similar centrality dependence to that observed in previous RHIC and LHC measurements. The data favor the scenario of the dominance of hadronic re-scattering over regeneration for K∗0 production in the hadronic phase of the medium.
Azimuthal anisotropy measurement of (multi-)strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 54.4 GeV
(2022)
Azimuthal anisotropy of produced particles is one of the most important observables used to access the collective properties of the expanding medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present second (v2) and third (v3) order azimuthal anisotropies of K0S, ϕ, Λ, Ξ and Ω at mid-rapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 54.4 GeV measured by the STAR detector. The v2 and v3 are measured as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. Their energy dependence is also studied. v3 is found to be more sensitive to the change in the center-of-mass energy than v2. Scaling by constituent quark number is found to hold for v2 within 10%. This observation could be evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in 54.4 GeV Au+Au collisions. Differences in v2 and v3 between baryons and anti-baryons are presented, and ratios of v3/v3/22 are studied and motivated by hydrodynamical calculations. The ratio of v2 of ϕ mesons to that of anti-protons (v2(ϕ)/v2(p¯)) shows centrality dependence at low transverse momentum, presumably resulting from the larger effects from hadronic interactions on anti-proton v2.
The elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central 3He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v2(pT) values depend on the colliding systems, the v3(pT) values are system-independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from sub-nucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
Die vielgestaltige Kunst der europäischen Avantgarden hat besondere Dinge, Objekte oder Artefakte hervorgebracht, die hier ins Zentrum einer interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Sammlung historischer Fallstudien gerückt werden. Die Beiträge untersuchen aus Sicht der digitalen Gegenwart sprechende Gegenstände wie Hüte, Puppen, Bücher in print on demand, Fototexte, Audiokassetten und diverse Archivalien, zudem einzigartige kulturhistorische und künstlerische Produktionen, etwa das 'Michelin-Männchen', Hannah Höchs 'Hampelfrau' und Schreibautomaten. Eine neu akzentuierte Literaturgeschichte der Objekte zeichnet sich hier ab, zugleich eine andere Geschichte der Avantgarden von ihren Rändern her.
The elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central 3He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v2(pT) values depend on the colliding systems, the v3(pT) values are system-independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from sub-nucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
The elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central 3He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v2(pT) values depend on the colliding systems, the v3(pT) values are system-independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from sub-nucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
Frankfurter Zeitschrift für islamisch-theologische Studien. 4/2018. Geschichte und Geschichtlichkeit
(2018)
Wie kein anderes Land ist Italien im deutschsprachigen Raum seit mehr als 600 Jahren Gegenstand einer nahezu unüberschaubaren Auseinandersetzung in Kunst, Kultur, Philosophie und Politik. Als Kernland des römischen Imperiums, mit Rom als Zentrum der Christenheit und wichtiger Etappe auf dem Pilgerweg ins Heilige Land, durch jahrhundertelang politisch und wirtschaftlich mächtige Republiken wie beispielsweise Venedig, Genua und Florenz war Italien in vielerlei Hinsicht von besonderem Interesse. Dies gilt auch für die Zeit nach 1796, für die Zeit nach dem Einmarsch der französischen Truppen und die damit verbundene Umgestaltung der politischen Landkarte Italiens. Im ersten Teil stehen mit Blick auf das (post-)risorgimentale Italien zunächst exemplarische Untersuchungen in Literatur, Publizistik und Philosophie im Fokus. Der zweite Teil des Jahrbuchs ist dem Thema "Deutsche Künstler in Italien - zwischen politisch-ästhetischer Revolution und Traditionsbewahrung" gewidmet. Italien als Sehnsuchtsziel von Malern und Schriftstellerinnen sowie als Gegenstand von Reiseberichten, Gedichten und als Opernschauplatz bietet einerseits Inspiration und Freiraum zum künstlerischen Schaffen. Andererseits ist Italien aber auch ein kulturell seit Jahrhunderten beschriebenes Gebiet, das zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit den Kulturgeschichten beider Länder und bislang vorliegenden künstlerischen Gestaltungen herausfordert.
SAFE Update June 2024
(2024)