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Tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran have been increasing recently. Although the narrative developed to describe the execution of a Saudi Shiite cleric, Nimr Al-Nimr, as a sectarian dimension of the Kingdom’s policies towards Iran, Saudi Arabia’s goals are not principally fuelling the Shiite-Sunni divide. The Saudi executions were partially an attempt by Saudi Arabia to severe ties with Iran and push the tensions forward. Lifting sanctions against Iran, coupled with oil prices plummeting to around $32 per barrel remains a frightening nightmare for the Saudis...
Tertium datur, heißt hier „es gibt einen dritten Weg.“ Damit meinen die Politikwissenschaftlerin Ulrike Guérot und der östereichische Schriftsteller Robert Menasse in ihrem kürzlich in Le Monde diplomatique erschienenen Artikel den Weg Europas aus der Flüchtlingskrise. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz könnte heftige Debatten auslösen, wenn weder Repression noch laissez-faire mehr funktionieren, Wohlstand und Sattheit endgültig der Panik weichen. Und warum sollten wir den Rechtspopulisten die Initiative bei der Entwicklung neuer gesellschaftlicher Konzepte überlassen?? In ihrem Artikel fordern Guérot und Menasse: Nicht Grenzen zu, nicht Grenzen auf, sondern Grenzen weg und her mit den Menschen! Flüchtlinge sollen im Sinne Immanuel Kants als Weltgäste willkommen geheißen werden, und sie sollen bei uns, in den Gastländern ihre eigenen Städte nachbauen. Soziologisch gesehen führten viele sich frei entwickelnde Parallelgesellschaften zu einem produktiveren Miteinander als Stigmatisierung, Integrationskurse und nach drei Jahren mögliche Abschiebung, so die Autoren...
A short while ago, an interested reader inquired about one of my articles on the topic of jihad and terrorism. I am thankful for the inspiring question. The reader asked me to clarify why there seems to be no difference between terrorism and jihad nowadays, and why this boundary has disappeared in debates by many people in the social media and in other places...
This is the third article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
I am the author of two books about the French nouvelle droite (ND – New Right): Where Have All The Fascists Gone? and Rethinking the French New Right: Alternatives to modernity. In 2014, I published a piece entitled „The French New Right Neither Right, nor Left?“. Surprisingly, the French ND leader Alain de Benoist responded with a polemical and largely ad hominem article in the same journal.1 I must stress that I neither identify with a political party, nor a political movement. I do not support any ideological current. De Benoist does. He is self-described as a man of the right. Hence, he cannot even claim intellectual objectivity.
In this piece, I want to offer some comments on my debate with de Benoist. I argue that while we should strive towards intellectual objectivity, we cannot be silent in the face of falsehoods. In this respect, the ND plays a dishonest game. Its leader and other ND intellectuals feign intellectual objectivity and the platitudes of transcending right and left, but they want cultural hegemony and the triumph of their decidedly radical right-wing ideals...
This is the sixth article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
As everywhere else in Eastern Europe, ever since the fall of the communist regime, Romania’s political system has experienced dramatic changes from one electoral cycle to another, starting off with what was considered to be an inflation of political parties at the beginning of the 1990’s and arriving today at what seems to approximate a two-party system, with the Social-Democratic Party (PSD) on the left and the National Liberal Party (PNL) on the right side of the political spectrum. However, the fog surrounding the ideological identities of virtually all Romanian political parties has only intensified in time, leaving the party system in flux and creating the idea that there are no significant differences between the major political players. As was the case of many other countries, this situation has generated the (at least partial) success of a radical anti-establishment discourse. However, unlike other European countries, the far right in Romania did not benefit by the financial crisis...
Here we go again. Recent terrorist attacks against another European capital city in less than a year continue to shake the core of world politics. It is worth to note that terrorist attacks are not only happening against European states, but also against other countries, most notably Turkey and Indonesia. Is it a clash of cultures, religions, or it is merely politics? How do we keep serving Daesh (Islamic State)?
This is the first article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
Europe is in trouble. Far right politics is spreading all over the place and its actors and discourses become increasingly influential at various levels: Parties from the far right achieved successes in French, Austrian and Slovakian elections. Far right movement organizations in Germany and Italy mobilized thousands of people to the streets. In Sweden and Great Britain, vigilante and terrorist groups wage armed struggle. And last but not least, ‚illiberal models of democracy‘ in Poland and Hungary demonstrate the far right’s capacity to transform politics on the European level...
An analysis of the UK's counter-terrorism strategy, CONTEST, and the challenges in its evaluation
(2016)
The UK’s Counter-Terrorism strategy, known as CONTEST, is recognized as one of the most successful soft-focus strategies in the world, with an intended emphasis on community support and what have become known as ‘Prevent’ (or counter-extremism) measures. In all, there are four limbs to CONTEST: PREVENT, PROTECT, PURSUE and PREPARE. While there is much crossover between these areas, for example policing activities take place in all four limbs, each one has a specific focus with its own intrinsic goals. This article intends to provide an overview of CONTEST, and to explore the challenges of evaluating counter-terrorism strategies in general. In doing so, I intend to show that while robust and independent evaluation of CONTEST has not been undertaken from a quantitative approach, some level of evaluation has taken place and can be taken into consideration when moving forward with future analysis of the strategy...
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o tema do trabalho e do reconhecimento no pensamento de Axel Honneth (1949-), filósofo e sociólogo alemão da terceira geração da Escola de Frankfurt. O conceito de trabalho é um dos temas centrais da teoria crítica. Por meio do trabalho, o trabalhador encontra a sua sobrevivência e sua satisfação. É nele que o reconhecimento expressa uma identidade moral no contexto do mercado capitalista. Sem falar ainda que a atividade laboral expressa a subjetividade humana através da ação criativa. Diante desse contexto, a presente exposição pretende percorrer os passos argumentativos de Honneth acerca da relação reconhecimento e trabalho. Tal relação ajuda-nos a compreender a relevância deste autor na filosofia política contemporânea.
This is the 27. and final article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
Trouble on the far right has become troubling for Europe. Not only do right-wing motivated attacks occur regularly against Roma camps, ethnic minorities, LGBTQI people and Jewish institutions. At the same time, a xenophobic discourse on refugees has gained momentum in politics and society and further blurred the lines between far right agitation and mainstream politics. In order to classify these events adequately, far right activism should not just be regarded as a security issue that can be eliminated by force, but as a threat that threatens the foundations of open, democratic and pluralist societies. Hence, we should be aware that far right politics are neither a new nor an isolated phenomenon but often bank on existing cultures of (gender, competitive, nativist) domination in capitalist societies.1
Certain developments have recently accelerated a radicalization of the political mainstream in terms of rhetoric, demands and policy outcomes and transformed the institutional landscape. The Slovakian parliamentary elections and the fateful presidential elections in Austria are central events during our 10-week blog series that prove the inherent dynamic. The right-wing government in Poland that has started removing fundamental rights and facilitated the spread of nationalist values is another example.
Contrary to the one-sided academic focus on elections, far right influence on European societies should be measured on three further levels: Massive street mobilizations epitomized by Pegida in Germany (and beyond) and the Italian Stop Invasione rallies, clandestine organizing such as the British far right militants and prospering relations between state authorities and far right movements, for example in Turkey, testify a growing diversification of far right activism. These scenarios demand methodologically and theoretically innovative perspectives. Our blog series Trouble on the Far Right has provided them with an international forum.
National Model United Nations New York 2017 : Delegation der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
(2016)
Seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr 1945 sind die Vereinten Nationen zur bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten internationalen Organisation avanciert. Mittlerweile arbeiten 193 Mitgliedsstaaten gemeinsam an dem ehrgeizigen Ziel, den Weltfrieden und die internationale Sicherheit zu wahren. Der in der Charta der Vereinten Nationen verankerte Grundsatz des Verzichts auf Gewaltanwendung und der friedlichen Beilegung aller Streitigkeiten macht sie zu einer weltweit einzigartigen Institution.
Die Beschäftigung mit den Vereinten Nationen ist für Studierende der Gesellschaftswissenschaften – insbesondere der Politikwissenschaft – essentiell für den späteren Berufsalltag. Da der Fokus im wissenschaftlichen Universitätsbetrieb häufig auf der Diskussion theoretischer Paradigmen und eher selten auf praktischen Fragestellungen liegt, ist die Teilnahme am National Model United Nations (NMUN) in New York eine willkommene Abwechslung mit einzigartigem Charakter. Innerhalb einer Simulation von UN-Verhandlungen versetzen sich Studierende als Mitglieder einer Delegation in die Lage von Diplomaten und vertreten die Interessen, Werte und Positionen des ihnen zugeteilten Landes. Dabei versuchen sie, dessen Standpunkte in Kooperation mit anderen Delegationen durchzusetzen. ...
Germany has experienced a rise in xenophobic attacks since it began to welcome refugees from Syria and elsewhere. Sebastian Jäckle and Pascal D. König have mapped these attacks and drawn some striking conclusions about their causes. They were more common in regions with a strong far-right presence and fewer migrants. One attack also tended to spark others – as did condemnation of xenophobia by national leaders, and Islamist terror. Britain saw a similar spike in xenophobic crime after the referendum. The authors ask whether the UK can learn from Germany’s painful experience.
National Model United Nations New York 2016 : Delegation der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
(2016)
Schon 1946 kamen Studierende aus aller Welt zusammen, um ein Land ihrer Wahl auf internationalem politischem Par kett zu vertreten. Das National Model United Nations, eine langjährig gepflegte Tradition, die es studentischen Delegationen ermöglicht, einen praktischen Einblick in die Arbeitsweise der Vereinten Nationen zu erlangen, ihr erlerntes Wissen anzuwenden, ihre Soft Skills weiter zu entwickeln, sich in englischer Sprache auf Verhandlungsbasis zu ver ständigen, neue Freunde zu finden und Kontakte in der ganzen Welt zu knüpfen. ...
Ein Jahr lang vorbereiten, um an einer einwöchigen Konferenz teilzunehmen? Das klingt zunächst nach schlechter Zeitplanung. Doch auch dieses Jahr zeigte sich, dass die Zeit sinnvoll investiert war: Die Studierenden haben sich ein sehr breites Portfolio an Kenntnissen und Kompetenzen erarbeitet. Dafür ist ein Jahr fast etwas zu kurz gewesen. ...
Fünf Jahre nach dem “Arabischen Frühling” ist von Aufbruchstimmung im Vorderen Orient und Nordafrika nicht mehr viel geblieben. Woran liegt das? Welchen Anteil haben die Europäer daran? Und was sollte die Europäische Union nun tun? Darüber sprachen wir mit Niklas Bremberg, Experte des Schwedischen Instituts für Internationale Beziehungen für die EU-Politik im Mittelmeerraum.
Am Montag, 30. Mai 2016 von 18.00-20.00h, laden das Institut für soziale Bewegungen (ISB) und die Gemeinsame Arbeitsstelle RUB/IGM zum 3. Bochumer Disput ein. Diskutiert wird zum Thema „Handelspolitik gerecht gestalten? Die Transatlantische Handels- und Investitionspartnerschaft (TTIP) als politischer Prozess“.
A proposta que norteia esta pesquisa encontra seu fundamento na crítica de Theodor Adorno aos advogados da “Indústria Cultural”. Procuramos investigar em que consiste tal crítica, dando evidência às suas principais características, bem como aos seus reflexos no corpo social, uma vez que, a arte e a cultura, que são manifestações do espírito humano, tornaram-se produtos industrializados e comercializados, perdendo a sua essência. O escopo da arte e da cultura, entendida como a libertação e a emancipação do homem, fora violado, sendo transformado em meras mercadorias descartáveis, com a finalidade de disseminar o pensamento da classe dominante através do seu sistema econômico, acarretando em uma pseudo-individualidade. O homem passou a ser objeto de manipulação da indústria que transforma tudo em mercadoria. Esta maquinaria engloba tudo, e nem mesmo alguns atos de contestação deixam de ser incorporados e diluídos pela Indústria Cultural que rapidamente procura transformá-las em produtos para comercialização, revelando que tudo aquilo que está contra o sistema é absorvido e reinterpretado, tragando a individualidade. Os homens, por sua vez, se não aderirem à forma de pensar imposta pela Indústria, soçobrarão em meio à multidão consumidora. Assim, nossa análise compreende esta Indústria como um braço do sistema capitalista, que através dos meios de comunicação de amplo acesso, exerce grande influência na difusão e disseminação da ideologia desse sistema.
This is the eleventh article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
Far right and anti-Muslim politics in Britain have become increasingly fragmented. The British National Party (BNP), once the leading far right party, has largely collapsed. During the 2010 general election the BNP polled only 1.9% of the vote and was overshadowed by the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), a right-wing, anti-immigration populist party unencumbered by the BNP’s debilitating historical baggage. Thereafter, the BNP leadership descended into demoralization, bitter recrimination and factional rivalry, hastening the departure of its activist base, the collapse of its membership and leading, ultimately, to the expulsion of its chairman, Nick Griffin, as the party continued its further descent to political irrelevance. The BNP appears ‘finished’ as a political force, its ‘quest for legitimacy’ at an end.
This is the second article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
Since 2011 signs have been multiplying in Europe of a far right grassroots insurgency in the making. And there were signals, too, of a racist insurrection: arson attacks, petrol bombs, paramilitary and vigilante activities, and the stockpiling of weapons. The first major indication of the far right’s capacity for mass murder came from Norway on 22 July 2011. Anders Behring Breivik killed 77 people, mainly teenagers, whom he shot dead at the Labour Party youth summer camp on Oslo’s Utøya Island. At his trial, Breivik described the youngsters he so cruelly murdered as ‚traitors‘ who had embraced immigration in order to promote an ‘Islamic colonization of Norway‘..
Zwischen Banalisierung und Dramatisierung: Zum medialen Diskurs über Salafismus in Frankreich
(2016)
Dies ist der 15. Artikel unseres Blogfokus „Salafismus in Deutschland“. Seit einigen Jahren ist Salafismus in Deutschland in aller Munde. Ganz anders im Nachbarland Frankreich, wo sich der Begriff selbst nach mehreren Attentaten mit „salafistischen Hintergrund“ nicht recht durchgesetzt hat. Um diesem Paradox auf den Grund zu gehen, habe ich den Diskurs über Salafismus in der französischen Presse dahingehend untersucht, wie das Thema über die letzten zehn Jahre immer wieder eingeführt und diskutiert wurde. Zu diesem Zweck habe ich eine systematische, kontextuelle Suche der Stichworte „Salafismus“, „Salafist“ und „salafistisch“ in den Archiven der fünf (zahlungspflichtigen) französischen Zeitungen mit nationaler Ausbreitung im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2015 durchgeführt.1 Auf diese Weise kann ein etwaiger Wandel des Begriffs nachvollzogen werden...
Dies ist der 16. Artikel in unserer Blogreihe Trouble on the Far-Right.
„Wir sind zwar hinter Gittern, aber unsere Ideen sind an der Macht“, erklärte der Führer der Grauen Wölfe, Alparslan Türkeş nach dem Militärputsch vom 12. September 1980 in der Türkei. Damals hatten die Generäle als Zeichen ihrer angeblichen Neutralität neben Zehntausenden inhaftierten Linken auch einige hundert Anhänger der faschistischen Grauen Wölfe anklagen lassen. Entsprechend könnten sich heute seine Nachfolger rühmen: „Wir sind zwar nicht an der Regierung, aber unsere Ideen sind an der Macht.“ Denn die Herrschaft der seit 2002 alleine regierenden und gemeinhin als islamisch-konservativ charakterisierten Partei für Gerechtigkeit und Aufschwung (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – AKP) von Staatspräsident Recep Tayyip Erdoğan und Ministerpräsident Ahmet Davutoğlu stützt sich zunehmend auf die Ideologie, die Methoden und selbst das Personal der Grauen Wölfe. Umgekehrt ist die offiziell in der Opposition stehende parlamentarische Vertretung der Grauen Wölfe, die Partei der Nationalistischen Bewegung (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi – MHP) eine Kriegsallianz mit der AKP-Regierung gegen die kurdische Befreiungsbewegung eingegangen...
Der Artikel untersucht Rassismus und Sexismus und ihre materiellen und diskursiven Artikulationen an dem spezifischen Artikulationsort Haar, bzw. Locken. Anhand von biographisch-narrativen Interviews mit Frauen of Color und mit Hilfe von Ansätzen der Grounded Theory werden Fragen danach aufgeworfen, welche symbolischen Bedeutungen von Locken es gibt; Welche Umgangsformen mit Haar es gibt; Wie Haar eingesetzt wird; Ob es Widersprüche gibt; Wie sich diese artikulieren und wie Subjekte trotz rassistischer, sexistischer Diskurse und der damit verbundenen materiellen Unterdrückung handlungsmächtige Akteurinnen ihrer eigenen Biographien werden. Parallel wird der Forschungsprozess aus dekolonialer, feministischer Perspektive entwickelt, beschrieben und reflektiert und damit eine dekolonial feministische Methodologie entworfen.
This working paper is based on a lecture given at the Summer School “Multiple Inequalities in the Age of Transnationalization”, June 23-27 2014 at Goethe University Frankfurt. In it, I explore the linkages between sexuality and migration and aim to show that instead of deeming them a narrow subfield of migration studies, thinking through these linkages has much wider implications for different fields, including post- and decolonial queer studies, the study of race and sexuality, the study of citizenship and state projects of inclusion/exclusion, and for work that attempts to ce-center the predominant knowledge production focused on the Global North.
Highly-skilled labour migration in Switzerland: household strategies and professional careers
(2016)
The article investigates household strategies in the context of highly-skilled labour migration. It focuses on the ways highly-skilled migrants are taking up residence in Switzerland. The analysis shows different household strategies based on the perception of a further professional move. The perceived likeliness of a further move implies household strategies characterized by a high motility: the household remains ready to move and mobilises dedicated organisations (like outplacement agencies or international schools). When a further move is neither perceived nor wanted, the household develops more anchored strategies which are often cheaper. In order to cope with frequent mobilities, the analysis shows that household strategies are deeply gendered.
This is the last post in the blog series „Movements and Institutions“. Check out the introductory post for more information on the series and click here for all contributions.
This blog series reflected on the interactions between social movements and institutions. These interactions have proven to be among the most complicated areas of social movement research, especially because causality is very hard to establish: (how) do movements influence formal political institutions – and vice versa? How to study, understand and explain the consequences of the institutionalization of social movements? The difficulties of addressing these questions are also related to definitional problems as social movements and institutions can be understood and defined in various ways. All authors contributing to this blog series highlight the importance of studying interactions between social movements from one perspective or another.
Dies ist der 18. Artikel unseres Blogfokus „Salafismus in Deutschland“. In aktuellen politischen Debatten genauso wie in wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen wird häufig festgestellt, dass wir zu wenig über das Phänomen des Salafismus wissen. In der Tat: Auf empirischen Daten basierende Veröffentlichungen sind immer noch selten, während konzeptuelle und ideengeschichtliche Auseinandersetzungen mit dem salafistischen Feld in den vorhandenen Publikationen ebenso überwiegen wie die Zahlen aus Sicherheitsbehörden. Was sind die Ursachen dafür, welches Wissen benötigen wir und welche Forschungsansätze sind vielversprechend? Dieser Beitrag widmet sich diesen Fragen. Er stellt fest, dass der Salafismus fast ausschließlich als politisches Phänomen und Sicherheitsproblem und kaum in seinen religiösen und lebensweltlichen Dimensionen erforscht wird und nicht zuletzt eine methodische und konzeptuelle Standortbestimmung für die Forschung zu salafistischen Milieus geboten ist. mehr......
Continuadores posteriores de la teoría crítica de la sociedad han cuestionado a Adorno por caer en una lógica de la emancipación frustrada aparentemente contradictoria, que reflexiona sobre la dominación social en condiciones bajo las cuales, empero, se declaran cerradas las posibilidades de transformación histórica. Sin embargo, sostengo que su teoría social remite también a un concepto novedoso de la emancipación sin totalidad, relevante para la reconstrucción de la teoría crítica ante los cuestionamientos pluralistas lanzados hacia el concepto de “totalidad”.
El propósito del presente escrito es preguntarnos por el campo complejo que se abre en la confluencia de las trayectorias de Alexander Kluge y Theodor W. Adorno. Desarrollaremos, en primer lugar, algunos hitos históricos que permitan situarnos en el contexto de ese acercamiento. Luego, tomando como punto de partida el problema clave de la referencialidad de la imagen que, tanto para Kluge como para Adorno es central en las reflexiones sobre una estética propia del cine, abordaremos cuatro temas que consideramos nos permiten repensar las relaciones de los dos teóricos: palabra e imagen, la idea de montaje, imagen y experiencia subjetiva y la cuestión de la recepción.
This is the fourth article in our series Trouble on the Far-Right.
Terror from the extreme right has again gained a wider public attention in 2011 with the devastating attacks carried out by Anders Behring Breivik in Norway and the detection of the right-wing terrorist cell called “National Socialist Underground” (NSU), which had committed ten murders, three bombings and a dozen bank robberies during more than a decade of time in Germany. In many Western countries violence motivated by racism, anti-government hate, anti-Semitism or other aspects of right-wing extremism, appears to be a regular part of criminal activities. Hate crime legislation and statistics vary strongly but show that next to high intense terrorist attacks such as 9/11, the attacks in London, Madrid or Paris, right-wing violence and terrorism is the most dangerous politically motivated threat. In the United States for example Perliger (2012) counted 4,420 right-wing terrorist incidents between 1990 and 2012 causing 670 fatalities and 3,053 injuries. In Germany official statistics counted 69 right-wing attacks between 1990 and 2015 causing 75 casualties, while civil society watchdogs count up to 184 deaths. In Russia some experts speak of approximately 450 right-wing motivated killings between 2004 and 2010. Nevertheless, this specific form of political violence remains largely under-researched and misunderstood as non-terroristic. In consequence the threat from the far right is continuously downplayed with severe consequences for victims and the internal security.
Populism is widely thought to be in tension with liberal democracy. This article clarifies what exactly is problematic about populism from a liberal–democratic point of view and goes on to develop normative standards that allow us to distinguish between more and less legitimate forms of populism. The point of this exercise is not to dismiss populism in toto; the article strives for a more subtle result, namely, to show that liberal democracy can accommodate populism provided that the latter conforms to particular discursive norms. What the article calls a ‘liberal ethics of populism’ turns out to be closely bound up with a broader ethics of peoplehood, understood as a way of articulating who ‘the people’ are in a way that is compatible with liberal–democratic principles of political justification. Such an ethics, concludes the article, inevitably has a much wider audience than populist political actors: its addressees are all those who seek legitimately to exercise power in the name of the people.
For the first time in post-Communist Romania, the national legislative elections organized in December 2016 allow the citizens living abroad to cast their vote by regular mail. To use postal voting the voters had to register between May and September 2016 and numbers reveal that very few voters registered. This article analyzes the sources of information used by those who registered and the causes of those who did not register. We use data from a survey conducted between 18 September (a few days after registration was closed) and 4 October 2016 with 403 respondents. The results are not generalizable to the entire diaspora (since the sampling is not representative probabilistic) but they are informative and relevant to the understanding of the process. They show that that main sources of information for those who registered were online (Facebook and the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), newspapers, and friends and acquaintances. At the same time, the absence of information about registration and the difficulty of procedures were the main reasons against the registration.
Este artigo visa compreender o estatuto do monismo do reconhecimento proposto por Axel Honneth, por meio de uma análise da relação estabelecida por ele entre reconstrução normativa e descrição social. Tendo esse objetivo, procuraremos inicialmente mostrar que, para reabrir o domínio do social e identificar um interesse mais realista à emancipação na sociedade, Honneth enfatiza a importância dos padrões institucionalizados do reconhecimento e das lutas morais no interior de todos os processos de reprodução social. Retomando, em seguida, algumas das críticas dirigidas a ele dessa perspectiva, argumentaremos que, nos momentos em que afirma que o funcionamento da economia pode ser compreendido a partir da teoria do reconhecimento, Honneth ignora a especificidade dos mecanismos econômicos de reprodução. Estendendo esse argumento às várias dimensões da reprodução social, mobilizaremos então diferentes autores para mostrar que, nas passagens em que defende que o desenvolvimento da sociedade está ancorado nos três padrões normativos de reconhecimento, Honneth parece fundir o nível da reconstrução normativa com o da descrição social, negligenciando com isso as relações de poder que permeiam a realidade social. Explicitando, por fim, a estratégia negativa de reconstrução utilizada por Honneth, concluímos o artigo mostrando como, ao partir das experiências de desrespeito, ele recusa as acusações de que o monismo do reconhecimento possui pretensões descritivas e lhe atribui um estatuto moral.
Axel Honneth propone, inspirándose en el joven Hegel, una concepción de la justicia basada en la idea de reconocimiento. Dicha concepción parte del previo acercamiento a una serie de fenómenos negativos, los cuales define como fallas en el reconocimiento. Desde la óptica de Honneth los fenómenos negativos constituyen patologías sociales y formas de injusticia, debido a la falta de calidad moral de las relaciones intersubjetivas. Las consecuencias socio-psicológicas en las personas que los sufren son la construcción de una identidad dañada y dificultades en el logro de la autorrealización. El presente artículo pretende realizar, recogiendo el planteamiento de Honneth, un análisis ético-político de los fenómenos de estigmatización, invisibilización y cosificación sufridos por las personas con diversidad funcional, llegando a la conclusión de que tales fenómenos suponen la negación de la dignidad personal, en la que reside el fundamento de la justicia que nos debemos unos a otros.
Axel Honneth e a reconstrução da justiça: uma tentativa de superação do paradigma da distribuição
(2016)
O artigo retoma as críticas dirigidas por Axel Honneth à estrutura básica das concepções de justiça dominantes, limitando-se a apontar os contornos gerais de seu projeto alternativo de reconstrução normativa da justiça. Se John Rawls e Michael Walzer estruturam teorias da justiça distributiva de fôlego e em sintonia com a proteção da autonomia (já tomada de modo) mais sofisticada, cuja satisfação transcende o (mero) compromisso de não interferência na realização dos projetos de vida individuais, Honneth propõe radicalizar as exigências da justiça. E isso porque desloca sua atenção para a expectativa recíproca de consideração. Aqui estaria a nova textura da justiça social. Nesse passo, princípios de distribuição justa saem de cena para dar lugar a princípios cujas orientações dirigem-se às instituições básicas da sociedade com um novo objetivo: configurar contextos favoráveis para relações de reciprocidade plurais bem-sucedidas.
O presente estudo visa mostrar como Honneth repensa os conceitos de justiça e autonomia a partir de sua teoria das condições intersubjetivas de reconhecimento. Sua tese afirma que só é possível um aumento na autonomia pessoal através do progresso moral nas estruturas sociais de reconhecimento. Veremos que a proposta de Honneth, apesar de inovadora, traz alguns problemas para sua aplicação na esfera política; mesmo assim, é uma proposta forte e indaga-nos especialmente sobre a forma como nossa autonomia é construída socialmente.
Entre os autores da Teoria Crítica frankfurtiana, talvez Adorno seja declaradamente o mais influenciado pela filosofia de Hegel. Coube ao mesmo preservar o sentido de dialética que, reconfigurada, aparece como método essencialmente crítico. Salientar o criticismo da dialética significa, aos olhos de Adorno, entendê-la como essencialmente negativa, algo previsto na sua formulação inicial no contexto do idealismo pós-kantiano. Entretanto, é possível observar tão claramente essa força crítica dentro do próprio Hegel? A resposta a tal questão surge na própria comparação entre os conceitos (Crítica, dialética, negatividade) conjugados pelos dois pensadores, algo que buscamos mostrar no presente artigo.
O estudo aqui desenvolvido trata da formação da consciência social tensionada pela alienação e emancipação intersubjetiva. O problema da pesquisa é saber como o agir comunicativo de Habermas pode contribuir para a formação da consciência social/ética, contraposta aos processos de alienação. Para tanto, será feito uma releitura histórico-conceitual de alguns pontos da filosofia habermasiana. Objetiva-se, assim, discutir quais os principais elementos da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo contribuem para a formação de uma consciência social que concilie comunidade e pluralidade. Os sujeitos inevitavelmente fazem parte de certos contextos. Participar de um contexto/comunidade, exige uma consciência social atravessando as relações, o que implica co-responsabilidade e cooperação. Por fim, a formação de uma consciência sócio-ética só é possível através de uma comunicação aberta e argumentativa, cuja normatividade traz uma pretensão de validade pública.
On October the 2nd the Colombian people rejected the peace agreement between the government and the FARC in a referendum with a very thin majority of 0.4%. With this unexpected rejection, the referendum was in some ways similar to the Brexit referendum, for the results of which David Cameron was as little prepared as Juan Manuel Santos for his rejection; there was obviously no Plan B. In the last weeks, the government undertook ten changes to the agreement, but it will not go through a referendum again. Santos, as he said, has learned his lesson from the rejection and will seek to have the amended peace agreement approved in Congress. This will likely lead to the implementation of the peace agreement and the furtherance of its goals, such as a DDR process, land reforms, a transitional justice process and reparations for victims, just to mention a few. But this progress in peace will be seen as being at odds with popular opinion. Many of the “no” voters are still not satisfied with the adjustments made by the government and the FARC, and neither are the sectors of the opposition mainly responsible for the rejection. Nevertheless, the government and the FARC are progressing with the implementation, and peace talks with the second-largest – and now the last standing – guerrilla group, the ELN, are scheduled to start in 2017. The prospects for 2018 and onwards, when the presidency election will be held, are more questionable.
This article uses survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to analyze the persistence of educational attainment across three generations in Germany. I obtain evidence of a robust effect of grandparents’ education on respondents’ own educational attainment in West Germany, net of parental class, education, occupational status, family income, parents’ relationship history, and family size. I also test whether the grandparent effect results from resource compensation or cumulative advantage and find empirical support for both mechanisms. In comparison, the intergenerational association between grandparents’ and respondents’ education is considerably weaker in East Germany and is also mediated completely by parental education. There are hardly any gender differences in the role of grandparents for respondents’ educational attainment, except for the fact that resource compensation is found to be exclusively relevant for women’s attainment in both West Germany and in East Germany after German reunification and the associated transition to an open educational system.
A teoria do reconhecimento social de Axel Honneth aplicado no direito previdenciário brasileiro
(2016)
O reconhecimento é uma categoria muito utilizada para debater sobre a questão da identidade e da diferença, portanto sua relevância torna-se necessária no âmbito jurídico. A questão proposta é: Quais as formas e eficiência de reconhecimento no campo social e familiar no direito previdenciário? O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, trazer a discussão o processo de reconhecimento social e a influência de sua estrutura cultural e toda complexidade de fatores. A pesquisa é teórica sistêmica que se dá pela abordagem sociológica, tanto conceitual quanto empírica dos sistemas jurídico.
O artigo propõe uma aproximação entre dois campos de pesquisa distintos, mas com notórias afinidades eletivas: o campo da arqueologia e o da estética filosófica. Pretende-se saber de que modo, no interior do pensamento dialético de Adorno, articulam-se os conceitos de pré-história e proto-história, tendo como fio condutor a temática da arte rupestre e a sua contrapartida moderna, isto é, a reprodutibilidade técnica. Tal aproximação tem como ponto de partida um instigante parágrafo da obra póstuma de Adorno, “Ästhetische Theorie”, presente na subseção assim classificada por Rolf Tiedmann como "Moderne Kunst und Industrielle Produktion", no qual Adorno afirma que há uma convergência entre a arte rupestre e a câmera fotográfica, que se daria na objetivação (Objektivation), isto é, na ação de separar o ato subjetivo do objeto que é visto. A partir desta constatação, a contribuição maior deste artigo estaria em identificar uma espécie de proto-história da reprodutibilidade técnica no mundo pré-histórico. Deste modo, numa perspectiva radicalmente dialética pode-se dizer que o progresso virtual e tecnológico sentido nas últimas décadas não representa algo qualitativamente novo na história humana, sendo apenas um desdobramento de uma tendência já contida na pré-história, algo que nos leva a crer que não conseguimos ainda superar o estado de imanência mítica denunciado amplamente por Adorno e Horkheimer na “Dialektik der Aufklärung. Para demonstrar isto o presente artigo almeja reconstruir as principais linhas de força da "Dialética do Esclarecimento", centrando na categoria de mito (Seção 1). Após, pretende apresentar a relação entre pré-história e proto-história no contexto do pensamento adorniano, especialmente nas obras e nos ensaios do período intermediário de sua bibliografia, tais como “Minima Moralia” e “Prismen” (Seção 2). Por último, deseja apresentar algumas reflexões de Adorno sobre a arte rupestre e a reprodutibilidade técnica presentes na Teoria Estética (Seção 3).
A banalização da fraude no ambiente acadêmico impõe severos problemas à formação dos indivíduos. Este estudo fez uso da teoria crítica relacionada à educação. Adorno analisou o problema da semiformação na sociedade capitalista, em que a educação se tornou mais uma mercadoria a ser entregue a seus consumidores. O objetivo deste artigo foi propor a reflexão crítica sobre os reais sentidos da persistência da fraude nas universidades. Portanto, a fraude acadêmica destaca-se como uma evidência de que há algo errado com a educação fornecida pelas universidades. Somente uma mudança pedagógica pode transformar o caminho da educação inserida na sociedade capitalista. O resgate do potencial emancipatório da educação é fundamental para que a sociedade possa formar pessoas críticas e autônomas.
Interrogando-se sobre o lugar da filosofia de Theodor W. Adorno no âmbito do pensamento crítico contemporâneo, o presente artigo procura dar conta dos revezes da recepção político-filosófica da dialéctica negativa (das posturas críticas de Habermas, Lyotard ou Agamben às mais favoráveis de Jameson e Holloway) e discutir a sua relevância actual. Defender-se-á que a politização do pensamento adorniano é possível, muito embora as suas valências críticas não se restrinjam a essa possibilidade. Hoje, a dialéctica negativa funcionaria também como antídoto contra os atalhos tomados pelas correntes "voluntarista" (Peter Hallward), "messiânica" (Agamben) e "ontológica" (realismo especulativo) da filosofia, à entrada do século XXI. Contudo, atendendo a que a relação entre teoria e prática é complexa em Adorno, a sua relevância actual ressaltaria em relação com as reacções críticas que o movimento do "realismo especulativo" tem suscitado. Em diálogo com alguns dos seus interlocutores (Markus Gabriel e Adrian Johnston), sugere-se que o desenvolvimento de uma "dialéctica constelar" depende da introdução de um elemento destotalizador no seio do diagnóstico radical - a um só tempo materialista e transcendental - da dialéctica negativa.
Sob a ótica do conceito adorniano de autonomia estética, analisamos aqui de qual forma se dá a relação entre sociedade e arte, passando por discussões quanto à separação entre teoria e práxis, quanto à lógica interna da obra de arte, quanto ao poder de integração da indústria cultural, em relação às obras de arte, e quanto à impossibilidade de controlar os seus efeitos sociais, seja ela autônoma, seja engajada. Trata-se, ainda, de demonstrar o caráter ilusório da proposição segundo a qual a arte seria eficaz instrumento politizador, quando utilizada de forma a engajar e adaptar seu conteúdo a objetivos políticos pré-determinados, o que será feito por meio da análise interpretativa das obras de Theodor W. Adorno e de seus comentadores, na área de estética.
A Internet das Coisas tem revolucionado a forma de produção e reprodução do conhecimento. Trata-se de um tipo de interface comunicacional entre humanos, máquinas e objetos que, ao fundir os mundos material e informacional, suscita as seguintes questões: (1) a possibilidade de obtenção imediata de quaisquer informações implicaria na produção do pensamento crítico, em uma espécie de relação causa-efeito?; (2) se é possível acessar as informações em quaisquer tempo e espaço, quais seriam as transformações decorrentes no processo formativo dos alunos e dos professores? Justamente essas questões motivaram os autores do artigo a elaborar o seguinte objetivo: refletir criticamente sobre a revitalização do conceito de formação (Bildung ) na temporalidade e localidade da Internet das Coisas.
Wird von Terrorismusbekämpfung gesprochen, ist der Fokus auf nationale Problemlösungen gerichtet. Bei modernen Formen des Terrorismus handelt es sich zumeist um transnationale Phänomene, denen auch transnational begegnet werden muss. Zwei Beispiele zeigen die Probleme, die aus einer nationalen Beschränkung entstehen...
Basierend auf den Daten der Erhebung „Gesundheit in Deutschland Aktuell“ von 2010 (GEDA2010)vom Robert Koch-Institut wird in dieser Dissertation der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich
Arbeitsbedingungen auf die Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten auswirken und eine systematische Analyse für Deutschland durchgeführt. Dabei werden sowohl Aspekte der Geschlechterforschung als auch der Erforschung sozialer Ungleichheiten mitbetrachtet. Die Ergebnisse liefern unteranderem Hinweise darauf, dass Gesundheitsverhalten als Coping-Strategie in stressreichen Arbeitssituationen, die beispielsweise durch Leistungsdruck oder Schichtarbeit gekennzeichnet sind, genutzt wird.
In modern welfare states, family policies may resolve the tension between employment and care-focused demands. However these policies sometimes have adverse consequences for distinct social groups. This study examined gender and educational differences in working parents’ perceived work–family conflict and used a comparative approach to test whether family policies, in particular support for child care and leave from paid work, are capable of reducing work–family conflict as well as the gender and educational gaps in work–family conflict. We use data from the European Social Survey 2010 for 20 countries and 5296 respondents (parents), extended with information on national policies for maternity and parental leave and child care support from the OECD Family Database. Employing multilevel analysis, we find that mothers and the higher educated report most work–family conflict. Policies supporting child care reduce the level of experienced work–family conflict; family leave policy appears to have no alleviating impact on working parents’ work–family conflict. Our findings indicate that family policies appear to be unable to reduce the gender gap in conflict perception and even widen the educational gap in work–family conflict.
Beyond radicalism and resignation: the competing logics for public participation in policy decisions
(2016)
Participation – like justice or freedom – is a term that can be constructed in multiple ways. However, existing typologies of participation pay little attention to the alternative logics for public participation in policy decisions: either they assume one particular normative bias or categorise by institutional design features without reference to the broader ideology that informs the use of these designs. This paper outlines an alternative approach that connects the variety in participatory practices to competing theories of democracy and public administration. It identifies four archetypes of participation: knowledge transfer; collective decision-making; choice and voice; and arbitration and oversight.
Sozialräume der Global Financial Class : Untersuchungen in den Finanzzentren Frankfurt und Sydney
(2016)
Dieses Working Paper untersucht die Bedeutung von Global Cities für die Formierung einer globalen Finanzklasse anhand der Finanzzentren Frankfurt und Sydney. In einer vergleichenden Ethnographie dieser beiden Städte werden urbane Räume und soziale Kontexte erforscht, die durch die kulturellen Praktiken und stilistischen Gemeinsamkeiten der modernen Finanzklasse geprägt sind. Es werden dabei vier charakteristische kulturelle Muster identifiziert: Dies sind die Muster der Repräsentation, der Exklusivität, der Aspiration und der sozialen Durchlässigkeit.
Im Muster der Repräsentation verbindet sich das Finanzwesen auf eine symbolische Weise mit Politik und Gesellschaft, während im Muster der Exklusivität der Kern ökonomischer Praktiken dem Zugriff der Allgemeinheit entzogen wird. Das Muster der Aspiration ermöglicht Praktiken der Herstellung und des Austestens von Zugehörigkeit, während der Modus sozialer Durchlässigkeit eine Auseinandersetzung mit anderen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen und die Aufnahme fremder kultureller Muster durch Praktiken der cultural omnivorousness ermöglicht.
Die Praktiken, die diese vier typischen Muster konstituieren, nehmen dabei jeweils lokale Eigenhei- ten auf, die in einen global verlaufenden Klassenbildungsprozess eingespeist werden und diese glo- bale Klasse in den Städten verankern.
This working paper gives insights on a theoretical perspective on class formation in the context of global financial markets and presents first empirical findings regarding the formation of a global financial class. It draws on numerous encounters with financial professionals that were inter- viewed in Frankfurt (Germany) and Sydney (Australia). As a preliminary conclusion from those inves- tigations on a micro-perspective, we state that acting on the market creates a sense of global socia- bility, whereby organizations only play a secondary role. Careers in finance follow internationally homogenized pathways. This process of global class formation is taking place prominently in global financial centers. Therefore we link the level of investigation on a micro-perspective (experience of financial professionals) with global city life and the fabric of the city. This results in empirical findings on a meso-level from an ethnography of the social and professional urban environment of finance in the two global cities. Symbolic struggles engraved in the built environment of Frankfurt and Sydney are traced and discussed against the background of every-day-practices of aspiration in the financial districts investigated.
Radicalisation is a phenomenon that has been striking not only in parts of Asia and Africa but also in the heart of Europe. While the number of Muslims in Germany is estimated by 4,7 millions (5,8%), 70% of the almost 900,000 asylum-seekers have arrived in recent years are believed to be Muslims. It is undeniable that there is discrimination in Germany, and it is equally undeniable that more on issues of integration and conflict prevention should be done. Thus, could effective integration processes prevent radicalisation of the Muslim youth in Europe?
Donald Trump hat die Polittechnologie des Populismus auf die Spitze getrieben und geradezu perfektioniert. Hier sind die mehr oder minder appetitlichen Zutaten seines Hyperpopulismus, die allesamt zur Anwendung kamen. Keine dieser Ingredienzen ist gänzlich neu, sondern sie wurden auch schon von europäischen Rechtspopulisten hinlänglich erprobt. Dieses Gemisch bedarf eines fruchtbaren Resonanzbodens, um seine betörende Wirkung zu entfalten. Es muss auf eine gesellschaftliche Disposition treffen. Je nach Kontext spielen unterschiedliche sozio-kulturelle und ökonomische Faktoren eine Rolle, weshalb sich die Populismen auch von Land zu Land in Form und Inhalt durchaus unterscheiden. Dennoch gibt es so etwas wie einen Kern an populistischen Lehrsätzen und Mechanismen, die man sich vergegenwärtigen sollte, um auch in der medialen Berichterstattung nicht stets aufs Neue in die aufgestellten Fallen zu tappen.
Este texto tem como propósito analisar a construção crítica teórica de Axel Honneth das instituições sociais como efetivação da liberdade social que oferece condições para a autorrealização e a justiça. O método do trabalho consiste em se realizar a leitura interna do desenvolvimento na obra do autor à luz de sua consonância com a teoria crítica. Como conclusão discute-se em que medida o progresso moral dessas instituições se relaciona com a efetivação de seu princípio interno, de forma imanente, ou de uma pressão externa normativa da igualdade a partir do direito e da democracia.
Wie sieht die Zukunft der Wertschöpfung aus? Lässt sich eine "Demokratisierung" der Wertschöpfung beobachten? Befinden wir uns inmitten eines Paradigmenwechsels von der Industriellen Produktion hin zur Bottom-up-Ökonomie? Und wenn ja, was bedeutet das für die Gesellschaft?
Um diese Fragen aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven zu betrachten und gemeinschaftlich die damit zusammenhängenden gesellschaftlichen Chancen und Herausforderungen zu diskutieren, wurde das neue Konferenzformat "Interdisziplinäre Konferenz zur Zukunft der Wertschöpfung" geschaffen. Neben dem themenübergreifenden fachlichen Austausch ist auch die Vernetzung zwischen Wissenschaftlern/innen und Experten aus der Praxis ein Ziel dieser Reihe.
Der vorliegende Konferenzband beinhaltet die Beiträge der teilnehmenden Wissenschaftlicher/innen aus den Technik-, Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Rechtswissenschaften und gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte in den jeweiligen Fachgebieten. Die akademische Qualitätssicherung erfolgte mit Hilfe eines Peer-Review-Verfahrens. ...
Professionelle Förderung für junge Wissenschaftler/-innen bei Forschungsprojekten zu Bildung, Erziehung und Didaktik: Mit dem GRADE Centre Education (GRADE EDU) hat die Graduiertenakademie GRADE der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt das neunte disziplinübergreifende Zentrum geschaffen. Im Interview berichten Prof. Dr. Tim Engartner, Sprecher des GRADE Centre Education, sowie Dr. Matthias Herrle, Koordinator des GRADE Centre Education und Mitglied im Vorstand, wer von dem neuen Zentrum in welcher Weise profitieren kann und welche Herausforderungen es zu meistern gilt.
Kaum ein Thema hat in den letzten Jahren die öffentliche Diskussion geprägt wie die Frage nach dem Datenschutz: Die von Edward Snowdon losgetretene Affäre um den amerikanischen Geheimdienst hat endgültig den Nutzer digitaler Medien als eine gefährdete Spezies erscheinen lassen. Denn fast jeder benutzt heute mobile Smartphones und Tablet Computer für eine allgegenwärtige Kommunikation, Datenspeicherung und -verwaltung und noch vieles mehr – und ist damit latent staatlichen und öffentlichen Datenspionen ausgesetzt. Verschwindet nun in dem Maße, wie das Nutzerverhalten vor ungewollten Zugriffen von außen kaum oder möglicherweise gar nicht zu schützen ist, auch die Privatsphäre, wird der Mensch zunehmend gläsern?
In the 21st century, the division of housework remains gendered, with women on average still spending more time doing chores than their male partners. While research has studied why this phenomenon is so persistent, few studies have yet been able to assess the effect of gender ideology and socio-economic resources at the same time, usually due to data restrictions. We use data from the pairfam, a new and innovative German panel study, in order to test the effect of absolute and relative resources as well as his and her gender ideology on the division of housework. We employ a life course perspective and analyze trajectories of couples’ housework division over time, using multi-level random effects growth curve models. We find that an egalitarian gender ideology of both him and her significantly predicts more egalitarian division-trajectories, while neither absolute nor relative resources appear to have an effect on the division of housework over time. Furthermore, our results expand the literature by investigating how these processes differ among childless couples and couples who experience the first birth.
Der angebliche Hack von etwa 900.000 Telekomroutern hat in Deutschland das Thema IT-Sicherheit wieder einmal auf die Tagesordnung gesetzt. In den folgenden Tagen kristallisierte sich heraus, dass der Ausfall der Router mit Internetkriminalität in Verbindung stand. Dabei hätte es bleiben können, aber es sollte nicht lange dauern, bis das ebenfalls immer aktuelle Reizthema Terrorismus mit den Vorfällen in Verbindung gebracht wurde: Rainer Wendt, Bundesvorsitzender der Deutschen Polizeigewerkschaft, ließ im Zuge des angeblichen Hackerangriffs folgendes verlautbaren: "Cyber-Kriminalität ist Terrorismus."
Die Gleichsetzung von Hackern mit Terroristen, die Herr Wendt in seinem Interview vornimmt, ist derart absurd und gleichzeitig symptomatisch für eine unproduktive und hysterische Debatte zu IT-Sicherheit (vulgo: Cybersicherheit) und dem vagen Begriff des Cyberterrors, dass es sinnvoll ist, sie in einen kritischen Kontext zu setzen. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet daher, ausgehend vom Ausfall der Telekomrouter, die Ereignisse und diskutiert wieso die Debatte um IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland fundamental an den eigentlichen Sicherheitsproblemen in der IT und aus Sicht der Terrorbekämpfung vorbei geht.
Das dritte E-Book des Sicherheitspolitik-Blogs ist nun erhältlich. Es basiert auf dem Blogfokus „Salafismus in Deutschland – Herausforderungen für Politik und Gesellschaft“ und wurde von Janusz Biene und Julian Junk herausgegeben. Es ist als Druckversion zu kaufen oder kann kostenlos als PDF heruntergeladen werden.
Dies ist der 22. Artikel unseres Blogfokus „Salafismus in Deutschland“. Die Beiträge der Blogserie „Salafismus in Deutschland – Herausforderungen für Politik und Gesellschaft“ beschäftigten sich pointiert mit den gesellschaftlich, politisch, wissenschaftlich und medial wichtigsten Aspekten der salafistischen Glaubenslehre, Ideologie und Bewegung. Sie betonten die vielen Schattierungen dieser sich beständig im Wandel befindlichen Phänomene, wagten den Blick über den deutschen Tellerrand hinaus und formulierten Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik, Medien, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft. Obwohl es einige blinde Flecken vor allem in der empirischen Forschung zu Salafismus und Dschihadismus gibt (siehe unter anderem den Beitrag von Riem Spielhaus), ist es offensichtlich, dass nicht nur ein Erkenntnisproblem, sondern ein Umsetzungsproblem besteht: es gibt sehr viel grundlegendes Wissen, welches aber nicht in konkrete Handlungen übersetzt wird und oft in „Inseln des Wissens“ verharrt. Dies bezieht sich auf zweierlei: erstens auf die Gestaltung eines nur in seiner Gegenseitigkeit produktiven Wissenstransfers zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis und zweitens auf eine sinnvolle Priorisierung politischer Steuerungsmaßnahmen....