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Course management software : supporting the university’s teaching with technology initiatives
(2004)
An increasingly important element of the teaching with technology activities at Northwestern University is the course management system, a web-based class communication and administration environment. The usage growth of the system is substantial and amplifies the need for integration with other web services and resources. Integration is particularly material in area of library services. This presentation contains a case study of Northwestern University's implementation of its course management system software and highlights examples of how the system is being used to enhance the teaching and learning. A description of the integration efforts with library resources is provided. The goal of the presentation is to equip librarians with the basic knowledge required to engage with their colleagues in conversations surrounding the nature of integration of these systems within the teaching and learning landscapes of their home institutions.
The key hypothesis is that the IT industry lure us into the IT world with a promise to solve our information problems. Do we sign the contract, we will recognise that the IT industry can´t keep the promise. One reason: they themselves lost sight over there own game. Therefore they have to invent new tools continiously. LIS professionals should not leave the field IT professionals. LIS professional should rather put stress on to reveal the difference in the value chain between data – information – knowledge. Information and knowledge is brainware and not produced by hard and software in the sense of IT philosophy. Against the background of the language game of Jean-François Lyotard, the author explains the information and knowledge society as language game invented by the IT industry. Furthermore his beliefs of postmodernen LIS professionals and the consequences involved for LIS traning will be presented.
We present a detailed study of chemical freeze-out in nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam energies of 11.6, 30, 40, 80 and 158A GeV. By analyzing hadronic multiplicities within the statistical hadronization approach, we have studied the chemical equilibration of the system as a function of center of mass energy and of the parameters of the source. Additionally, we have tested and compared different versions of the statistical model, with special emphasis on possible explanations of the observed strangeness hadronic phase space under-saturation.
The volume is a collection of papers given at the conference “sub8 -- Sinn und Bedeutung”, the eighth annual conference of the Gesellschaft für Semantik, held at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt (Germany) in September 2003. During this conference, experts presented and discussed various aspects of semantics. The very different topics included in this book provide insight into fields of ongoing Semantics research.
Japanese is often taken to be strictly head-final in its syntax. In our work on a broad-coverage, precision implemented HPSG for Japanese, we have found that while this is generally true, there are nonetheless a few minor exceptions to the broad trend. In this paper, we describe the grammar engineering project, present the exceptions we have found, and conclude that this kind of phenomenon motivates on the one hand the HPSG type hierarchical approach which allows for the statement of both broad generalizations and exceptions to those generalizations and on the other hand the usefulness of grammar engineering as a means of testing linguistic hypotheses.
While the sortal constraints associated with Japanese numeral classifiers are wellstudied, less attention has been paid to the details of their syntax. We describe an analysis implemented within a broadcoverage HPSG that handles an intricate set of numeral classifier construction types and compositionally relates each to an appropriate semantic representation, using Minimal Recursion Semantics.
Hybrid robust deep and shallow semantic processing for creativity support in document production
(2004)
The research performed in the DeepThought project (http://www.project-deepthought.net) aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if added to existing shallow methods that ensure robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. We use this approach to demonstrate the feasibility of three ambitious applications, one of which is a tool for creativity support in document production and collective brainstorming. This application is described in detail in this paper. Common to all three applications, and the basis for their development is a platform for integrated linguistic processing. This platform is based on a generic software architecture that combines multiple NLP components and on robust minimal recursive semantics (RMRS) as a uniform representation language.
The research performed in the DeepThought project aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if combined with shallow methods for robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. On the basis of this approach, the feasibility of three ambitious applications will be demonstrated, namely: precise information extraction for business intelligence; email response management for customer relationship management; creativity support for document production and collective brainstorming. Common to these applications, and the basis for their development is the XML-based, RMRS-enabled core architecture framework that will be described in detail in this paper. The framework is not limited to the applications envisaged in the DeepThought project, but can also be employed e.g. to generate and make use of XML standoff annotation of documents and linguistic corpora, and in general for a wide range of NLP-based applications and research purposes.
In the last decade, much effort went into the design of robust third-person pronominal anaphor resolution algorithms. Typical approaches are reported to achieve an accuracy of 60-85%. Recent research addresses the question of how to deal with the remaining difficult-toresolve anaphors. Lappin (2004) proposes a sequenced model of anaphor resolution according to which a cascade of processing modules employing knowledge and inferencing techniques of increasing complexity should be applied. The individual modules should only deal with and, hence, recognize the subset of anaphors for which they are competent. It will be shown that the problem of focusing on the competence cases is equivalent to the problem of giving precision precedence over recall. Three systems for high precision robust knowledge-poor anaphor resolution will be designed and compared: a ruleset-based approach, a salience threshold approach, and a machine-learning-based approach. According to corpus-based evaluation, there is no unique best approach. Which approach scores highest depends upon type of pronominal anaphor as well as upon text genre.
Background and Aim: In Germany, the discharge medication is usually reported to the general practitioner (GP) by an inital short report (SR) /notification (handed over to the patient) and later by a more detailed discharge letter (DL) of the hospital.
Material and Method: We asked N=536 GPs (from Frankfurt/Main and Luebeck) after the typical report format of their patients discharge medication by the local hospitals. The questionnaire asked for 26 items covering (1) the designation of the medication (brand name, generic name) in SR and DL, (2) further specifications e.g. possibilities of generic substitution or supervision of sensible medications, (3) reasons why GPs do not follow the hospitals recommendations and (4) possibilities for an improvement in the medication-related communication between GP and hospitals.
Results: 39% GPs responded sufficiently to the questionnaire. The majority of the GPs (82%) quoted that in the SR only brand names are given (often or ever) and neither the generic name or any further information on generic substitution is available (seldom or never). 65% of the responders quoted that even in the DL only brand names are given. Only 41% of the responders quoted that further treatment relevant specifications are given (often or ever). 95% responded that new medications or change of custom medication is seldom or never explained in the DL and GP were not explicitly informed about relevant medication changes. 58% of the responders quoted economic reasons for re-adjustment of the discharge medication e.g. by generic substitution. The majority of responders (83%) are favouring (useful or very useful) a pre-discharge information (e.g. via fax) about the medication and 54% a hot-line to some relevant person in the hospital when treatment problems emerge. 67% of the responders quoted in favour of regular meetings between GPs and hospital doctors regarding actual pharmacotherapy.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our survey pointed to marked deficiencies in reporting the discharge medication to GPs.
Conflict of interest: None
Background The detection of the new Coranavirus (CoV) causing agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) for diagnostic purposes is still a critical step in prevention of secondary hospital infections. In this respect the PCR for SARS diagnostic is the fastest and most sensitive method and was published very early after the description of the new pathogen by different groups. To evaluate the quality and sensitivity of the SARS PCR performed in diagnostic laboratories all over the world an external quality assurance (EQA) for SARS PCR was initiated by the WHO, the European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases (ENIVD) and the Robert Koch-Institut. Methods Therefore 10 samples of inactivated SARS CoV strains isolated in Frankfurt and Hong Kong in different dilutions and negative controls were prepared. The freeze dried samples were send by mail to 62 different laboratories, in 37 countries in Europe and Israel (35), Asia (11), The Americas (11), Australia and New Zealand (4) and Africa (1). The results were returned by email or fax 1 week (13), 2 weeks (14), 3 weeks (6) and later (29) after receiving the material which does not mimic at all the possible speed of this fast method. But this was not considered in the evaluation of these first SARS EQA. Results 44 laboratories showed good or excellent results (26 = 100%, 18 = 90%) and even the 14 laboratories which archived only 80% (10) or 70% (4) correct results are mostly lacking sensitivity. The results of the other 4 laboratories show basic problems in regard to sensitivity, specificity and consistency of results and must be overcome as soon as possible. 4 laboratories seem to have problems with the specificity finding a positive signal in negative samples. The different methods used for preparation of the SARS CoV genome and diagnostic PCR test procedure used by the participating laboratories will be discussed in more detail in the presentation. Conclusion However, in contrast to previous EQAs for Ebola, Lassa and Orthopoxviruses the quality of PCR results was rather good which might be caused by the early publication and distribution of well developed PCR methods. An EQA for evaluation of SARS specific serology is still ongoing, first results will be available beginning of April 2004.
Despite a legal framework being in place for several years, the market share of qualified electronic signatures is disappointingly low. Mobile Signatures provide a new and promising opportunity for the deployment of an infrastructure for qualified electronic signatures. We that SIM-based signatures are the most secure and convenient solution. However, using the SIM-card as a secure signature creation device (SSCD) raises new challenges, because it would contain the user’s private key as well as the subscriber identification. Combining both functions in one card raises the question who will have the control over the keys and certificates. We propose a protocol called Certification on Demand (COD) that separates certification services from subscriber identification information and allows consumers to choose their appropriate certification services and service providers based on their needs. This infrastructure could be used to enable secure mobile brokerage services that can ommit the necessity of TAN lists and therefore allow a better integration of information and transaction services.
The hadronic final state of central Pb+Pb collisions at 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 AGeV has been measured by the CERN NA49 collaboration. The mean transverse mass of pions and kaons at midrapidity stays nearly constant in this energy range, whereas at lower energies, at the AGS, a steep increase with beam energy was measured. Compared to p+p collisions as well as to model calculations, anomalies in the energy dependence of pion and kaon production at lower SPS energies are observed. These findings can be explained, assuming that the energy density reached in central A+A collisions at lower SPS energies is sufficient to transform the hot and dense nuclear matter into a deconfined phase.
[Abstract] Occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation following kidney transplantation
(2004)
Focus expressions in Yom
(2005)
This paper provides an analysis of an alternative strategy to A´-movement in both German and Dutch where the extracted constituent is preceded by a preposition and a coreferential pronoun appears in the extraction site. The construction has properties of both binding and movement: Whereas reconstruction effects suggest movement out of the embedded clause, there is strong evidence that the operator constituent is linked to an A-position in the matrix clause; this paradox is resolved by assuming a Control-like approach that involves movement from the embedded clause into a theta-position in the matrix clause with subsequent short A´- movement. The coreferential pronoun is interpreted as a resumptive heading a Big-DP which hosts the antecedent in its specifier.
The focus of the discussion at the conference on September 23, 2004 was on the long-term impact on capital markets and pension systems. The speakers tried to identify the direction and magnitude of potential changes as well as the likelihood of an eventual asset meltdown. The conference's objective was to combine insights from academia with those from the financial community in order to provide a more comprehensive outlook on capital market developments. Conference Reader Nr. 2005/01
This paper advances a purely presuppositional analysis of intonation. I first show that a inspiring recent article by Geurts and van der Sandt (Theoretical Linguistics, 2004) that pursues the same goal cannot account for multiple foci. Then, I show that if it is assumed that destressed rather than focussed material is semantically marked, multiple foci are accounted for correctly.
The epistemic step
(2005)
While science claims to be universal, the notion of universality actually covers two very different facets: on the one hand, it refers to the universal value of the epistemological claims of science while, on the other hand, it addresses the issue of how fully the process of scientific communication is presently globalized. How the issue of open access crosses that of the globalization of scientific communication will be the theme of this presentation. The conclusion will be that, without open access, the globalization of scientific communication will lead to increased knowledge and digital divisions.
Der Vortrag wurde am 5th Frankfurt Scientific Symposium gehalten (22-23 Oktober 2005). Die Betrachtung des Videos ist (leider) nur mit den Browsern Internet Explorer ab 5.0, Netscape Navigator ab 7.0 oder Internet Explorer ab 5.2.2 für MaC möglich (s. Dokument 1.html). Die gesamten Tagungsbeiträge sind unter http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2005/1992/ abrufbar.
In keeping with the views of its guru, Stephen Harnard, the open access movement is only prepared to discuss the two models of the "green road" and the "golden road" as sole alternatives for the future of scientific publishing. The "golden road" is put forward as the royal road for solving the journals crisis. However, no one has drawn attention to the fact that the golden road represents a purely socialist solution to a free-market problem and thus continues the "samizdat" tradition of underground literature in the former Eastern bloc. The present paper reveals the alarmingly low level at which the open access movement intends to publish top-class results from science and research, and the low degree of professionalism with which they are satisfied.
The economical and organizational debates about open access have mostly been concerned with journals. This is not surprising since the open access movement can be seen largely as a response to the serials crisis. Recently the open access debate has been extended to include access to government produced data in different forms. In this presentation I'll critically look at some economic and organizational issues pertaining to the open access provision of bibliographical data.
In this increasingly complex world of learned information delivery and discovery - is it possible that the "free lunch" the Publishing world worries about could come true? Although Open Access and Institutional Repositories have not (yet) created the "scorched earth" effect many were predicting, they are slowly and inevitably gaining momentum. Broader access to top-level information via Google (and others) does indeed appear to be "good enough" for many in their search for content. But you rarely get food for free in a good quality restaurant. You pay for the selection, preparation, speed and expertise of the delivery. At the soup kitchen the food can often be filling - but the queue will be long, the wait even longer and there is no chance of silver service or à la carte. If you are unfortunate enough to have little choice then this may be a great solution. Others will be willing to pay for a more satisfactory meal. As in all aspects of life, diversification and specialisation are fundamental forces. The publishing community in the years to come will continue to develop its offerings for a variety of needs that require more than just broth. To stretch the analogy, the ongoing presence of tap water in our lives has done little to halt the extraordinary rise of bottled water as part of our staple diet. Business reality will continue to settle these types of debate; my bet is that the commercial publishers see a role as providing information that commands an intrinsic value proposition to enough customers to remain economically viable for some time to come. Inspired by the comments and ideas expounded by Dr. James O'Donnell of Georgetown University on the liblicense listserv on 20th July this year, this paper will look to expand on the analogy and identify the good, the bad - but importantly the difference in information quality and access that will result in the radically changed (but still co-existent) information landscape of tomorrow.
Presentation at the AMS Southeastern Sectional Meeting 14-16 March 2003, and the Workshop Asymptotic Analysis, Stability, and Generalized Functions', 17-19 March 2003, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. See the corresponding papers "Mathematical Problems of Gauge Quantum Field Theory: A Survey of the Schwinger Model" and "Infinite Infrared Regularization and a State Space for the Heisenberg Algebra".
Fluctuations and NA49
(2005)
Dutch has a three-way contrast in labiodental sounds, which causes problems for native speakers of German in their acquisition of Dutch, since German contrasts only two labiodentals. The present study investigates the perception of the Dutch labiodental fricative system by German L2 learners of Dutch and shows that native Germans with no or little knowledge of the Dutch language categorize the Dutch labiodental voiced fricative and approximant as their native voiced fricative. Advanced learners, however, succeed in acquiring a category for the voiced fricative, illustrating that plasticity in the perception of a second language develops with the amount of exposure to the language.
We present a numerical technique for calculating path integrals in non-compact U(1) and SU(2) gauge theories. The gauge fields are represented by a superposition of pseudoparticles of various types with their amplitudes and color orientations as degrees of freedom. Applied to Maxwell theory this technique results in a potential which is in excellent agreement with the Coulomb potential. For SU(2) Yang-Mills theory the same technique yields clear evidence of confinement. Varying the coupling constant exhibits the same scaling behavior for the string tension, the topological susceptibility and the critical temperature while their dimensionless ratios are similar to those obtained in lattice calculations.
I review recent developments in determining the QCD phase diagram by means of lattice simulations.
Since the invention of methods to side-step the sign problem a few years ago, a number
of additional variants have been proposed, and progress has been made towards understanding
some of the systematics involved. All available techniques agree on the transition temperature
as a function of density in the regime mq/T <~1. There are by now four calculations with signals
for a critical point, two of them at similar parameter values and with consistent results. However,
it also emerges that the location of the critical point is exceedingly quark mass sensitive. At the
same time sizeable finite volume, cut-off and step size effects have been uncovered, demanding
additional investigations with exact algorithms on larger and finer lattices before quantitative conclusions
can be drawn. Depending on the sign of these corrections, there is ample room for the
eventual phase diagram to look as expected or also quite different, with no critical point at all.
This paper proposes an annotating scheme that encodes honorifics (respectful words). Honorifics are used extensively in Japanese, reflecting the social relationship (e.g. social ranks and age) of the referents. This referential information is vital for resolving zero
pronouns and improving machine translation outputs. Annotating honorifics is a complex task that involves identifying a predicate with honorifics, assigning ranks to referents of the
predicate, calibrating the ranks, and connecting referents with their predicates.
The Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG Initiative (DELH-IN) provides the infrastructure needed to produce open-source semantic transfer-based machine translation systems. We have made available a prototype Japanese-English machine translation system built from existing resources include parsers, generators, bidirectional grammars and a transfer engine.
The main subject of this survey are Belyi functions and dessins d'enfants on Riemann surfaces. Dessins are certain bipartite graphs on 2-mainfolds defining there are conformal and even an algebraic structure. In principle, all deeper properties of the resulting Riemann surfaces or algebraic curves should be encoded in these dessins, but the decoding turns out to be difficult and leads to many open problems. We emphasize arithmetical aspects like Galois actions, the relation to the ABC theorem in function filds and arithemtic questions in uniformization theory of algebraic curves defined over number fields.
Mobile telephony and mobile internet are driving a new application paradigm: location-based services (LBS). Based on a person’s location and context, personalized applications can be deployed. Thus, internet-based systems will continuously collect and process the location in relationship to a personal context of an identified customer. One of the challenges in designing LBS infrastructures is the concurrent design for economic infrastructures and the preservation of privacy of the subjects whose location is tracked. This presentation will explain typical LBS scenarios, the resulting new privacy challenges and user requirements and raises economic questions about privacy-design. The topics will be connected to “mobile identity” to derive what particular identity management issues can be found in LBS.
Focus expressions in Foodo
(2006)
Research on adverbials in sentence-medial position in the North- Ghanaian Gur language Buli suggests that the language offers two divergent slots for adverbials between subject and verb. Special attention is paid to the group of sentence-medial deictic temporal adverbials. While they have the potential to develop into tense markers, this process seems to depend on special information structural conditions.
In our presentation we will outline the verb system of Lelemi and concentrate on certain “focal” aspects which are of primary interest to us. Lelemi has two TAMP paradigms: one constituting the so-called “simple tenses”, the other the so-called “relative tenses” (Allan 1973), although not every “simple tense” has a counterpart in the “relative tenses”. The simple paradigm is formed by subject prefixes (prefixed pronouns for 1st or 2nd person and noun class pronouns for 3rd persons) and the verb form whereas the relative paradigm is build up by the obligatory use of an external subject noun, an invariable verb prefix, and the verb form. While the simple paradigm is used in quite a lot of syntactic environments the relative paradigm only shows up in relative clauses with the subject being the head as well as in subject and sentence focus constructions including questions concerning the subject. We will show some interesting interactions between the grammatical expression of focus and the verb system and sketch the grammaticalisation path of the morpheme nà.
Focus in Gur and Kwa
(2006)
The project investigates focus phenomena in the two genetically relatedWest African Gur and Kwa language groups of the Niger-Congo phylum. Most of its members are tone languages, they are similar with respect to word order typology (all are SVO languages), but of divergent morphological type (agglutinating Gur versus isolating Kwa).
Düsseldorf is the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, the state with the highest number of inhabitants in Germany. The city has a rich cultural history: The theatre history started in 1585 (the festivities in the context of a princely marriage at Düsseldorf). Theatre historiography marks three great periods for Düsseldorf (Immermann, 1834-1837; Dumont-Lindemann, 1905-1933; Gründgens, 1947-1955). In 2005 and 2006 we celebrate many anniversaries within the theatrical context: 100 years Schauspielhaus Dumont-Lindemann in 2005, 50 years theatre community Düsseldorf-Duisburg (Deutsche Oper am Rhein Düsseldorf-Duisburg), 50 years puppet theatre (Düsseldorfer Marionettentheater), 30 years children and youth theatre (Kinder- und Jugendtheater im Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus), 10 years Capitol (musical theatre) beside other cultural events, for example the anniversaries of Heine and Schumann.
Research on a variety of structurally different languages suggests that information is assigned to grammatical form in way of preferred representations of arguments. These preferences can be captured by four interacting constraints which are based on the analysis of spoken and written discourse. These constraints represent measurable discourse preferences: pragmatically unmarked utterances seem to follow them blindly and widely. Consequently, the preferences motivating these constraints seem to represent the default structuring of discourse in immediate relation to elementary grammatical form. Discourse is no longer viewed as acting upon grammatical form, but as being ‘grammatical’ itself.
Background and Purpose of this Meeting With an opening reception sponsored by Thomson Scientific on the evening of Thursday, October 5, the University Library of Frankfurt and the German-North American Resources Partnership (GNARP) and will be hosting an important two-day conference this Autumn in Frankfurt, Germany: »The World According to GNARP: Prospects for Transatlantic Library Partnership in the Digital Age« Sessions at this meeting will explore the wealth of library resources - archival, print, and digital - available to students and researchers (in Germany and the United States) in five selected subject areas: North American Studies, German Studies, Judaica, Africana, and South Asia/India, highlighting both existing avenues (and obstacles) for transatlantic resource sharing along with future prospects. In addition, several other important topics will be highlighted through individual presentations and panel discussions: the future of German as a language of the sciences; existing and planned electronic journal archives in Germany and the U.S.; print and digital repositories; and a special panel on »comparative cataloging cultures« on both sides of the Atlantic. The »World According to GNARP« conference will be taking place simultaneously with the Frankfurt Book Fair, the largest book-related event in the world, attracting annually 285,000 visitors (2005), thus giving participants who arrive early the chance to combine attendance at both the Book Fair and Conference. A cultural event and dinner in Frankfurt are planned for Friday 6th October.
No other country is influenced in its political, social and cultural structures by both western and eastern mentality such as Lebanon, and hardly any other country has such a pivotal function. In this mediator function it can be compared with a literary work, that merits its role in world literature as hardly any other piece of literature in regard to the co-operation of Orient and Occident. I am thinking of the collection of "A Thousand and One Nights", or with its original title "Alf Laila wa-Laila".
Human communication takes place when one person does something that when seen or heard by another person is taken to be done with the intention to communicate, and the other person, having seen the communicator show his or her intention to communicate, then uses inference to determine what the communicator intends to communicate. This is possible because the addressee assumes that the communicator is a rational person, that is, acts with goals in mind (see Grice 1975), and so must be doing the act for a reason, and it is worth the addressee’s effort to try to determine what that reason is, that is, determine the relevance of the act.
This paper examines the development of periphrastic constructions involving auxiliary "have" and "be" with a past participle in the history of English, on the basis of parsed electronic corpora. It is argued that the two constructions represented distinct syntactic and semantic structures: while the one with have developed into a true perfect in the course of Middle English, the one with be remained a stative resultative throughout its history. In this way, it is explained why the be construction was rarely or never used in a number of contexts, including past counterfactuals, iteratives, duratives, certain kinds of infinitives and various other utterance types that cannot be characterized as perfects of result. When the construction with have became a true perfect, it was used in such contexts, regardless of the identity of the main verb, leading to the appearance of have with verbs like come which had previously only taken be. Crucially, however, have was not spreading at the expense of be, as the be perfect had never been used in such contexts, but rather at the expense of the old simple past. At least until the end of the Early Modern English period, the shift in the relative frequency of have and be perfects is to be explained in terms of the expansion of the former into new contexts, while the latter remained stable. A formal analysis is proposed, taking as its starting point a comparison with German which shows that the older English be perfect indeed behaves more like the German stative passive than its haben and sein perfects.
In this paper we describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontologybased information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population of a knowledge base that can be used for domainspecific question answering. SOBA realizes a tight connection between the ontology, knowledge base and the information extraction component. The originality of SOBA is in the fact that it extracts information from heterogeneous sources such as tabular structures, text and image captions in a semantically integrated way. In particular, it stores extracted information in a knowledge base, and in turn uses the knowledge base to interpret and link newly extracted information with respect to already existing entities.
This demo abstract describes the SmartWeb Ontology-based Information Extraction System (SOBIE). A key feature of SOBIE is that all information is extracted and stored with respect to the SmartWeb ontology. In this way, other components of the systems, which use the same ontology, can access this information in a straightforward way. We will show how information extracted by SOBIE is visualized within its original context, thus enhancing the browsing experience of the end user.
The QCD equation of state is not often discussed in cosmology. However, the relic density of
weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) depends on the entropy and the expansion rate of
the Universe when they freeze out, at a temperature in the range 400 MeV – 40GeV, where QCD
corrections are still important. We use recent analytic and lattice calculations of the QCD pressure
to produce a new equation of state suitable for use in relic density calculations. As an example,
we show that relic densities calculated by the dark matter package DarkSUSY receive corrections
of several per cent, within the observational accuracy of the Planck CMB mission, due for launch
in 2007.
Temporal development of compensation strategies for perturbed palate shape in German /S/-production
(2006)
The palate shape of four speakers was changed by a prosthesis which either lowered the palate or retracted the alveoles. Subjects wore the prosthesis for two weeks and were recorded several times via EMA. Results of articulatory measurements show that speakers use different compensation methods at different stages of the adaptation. They lower the tongue immediately after the insertion of the prosthesis. Other compensation methods as for example lip protrusion are only acquired after longer practising periods. The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of different mappings between motor commands, vocal tract shape and auditory-acoustic target.
Meeting Abstract : 27. Deutscher Krebskongress. Berlin, 22.-26.03.2006.
Docetaxel, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide (TAC) is considered today as one treatment option for patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. However, treatment is associated with anaemia grade 1-4 (2-4) in up to 95% (36%) of patients. We prospectively investigated the use of a primary prophylaxis with Darbepoetin alfa once every 3 weeks in 35 patients receiving six to eight cycles of TAC as neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Darbepoetin treatment started on day 1 of a TAC cycle if haemoglobin (Hb) was ≤ 14.0 g/dl. Dosage was adapted to 9 µg/kg if Hb was ≤ 13.0 g/dl on day 21 of the previous cycle, to 4.5 µg/kg if Hb was between 13.0 and 14.0 g/dl and was discontinued if Hb increased to ≥ 14 g/dl. The primary aim was to prevent Hb levels ≤ 12 g/dl before surgery. During 112 (50.2%) and 93 (41.7%) of 223 cycles, 4.5 µg/kg and 9 µg/kg Darbepoetin were given, respectively. Dosage was decreased from 9 to 4.5 µg/kg in 21 (60%) patients and 28 (12.4%) cycles. Treatment was discontinued due to Hb > 14.0 g/dl in 12 (34.3%) patients and 13 (5.4%) cycles. Hb level on day 21 of the last cycle was ≤ 12.0 g/dl in 4 (11.4%) patients. Eighteen (51.4%) patients during 36 (16.1%) cycles showed Hb levels ≤ 12 g/dl throughout treatment. No NCI-CTC grade 2 to 4 anaemia was observed. Symptoms of fatigue (FACT-AN) decreased slightly throughout treatment. Anaemia during TAC chemotherapy can be avoided by a single injection of Darbepoetin alfa every 3 weeks.
The LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) Alliance is an international community of about 100 libraries and partners like OCLC. For almost a decade the LOCKSS open source model has been tested for its robustness against attack and for its ability to migrate formats. LOCKSS »boxes« at 150 institutions in more than 20 countries comprise a peer-to-peer system that automatically cross-checks content to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all member archives. Eighty publishers, including large publishers like Oxford University Press, are now participating in LOCKSS or actively preparing to add their journals to the program.
The mission of the Harvard Judaica Collection is to comprehensively document Jewish history and civilization in all places and periods. To accomplish its mission, the Judaica Collection collects materials in all languages and in all formats—books, pamphlets, periodicals, newspapers, sound recordings, and videos, posters, broadsides, and photographs. A particular focus is the Library’s Documenting Israel program, which covers all aspects of Israeli life and culture in great depth; Harvard has the largest collection of Israeli publications and Israel-related materials outside the State of Israel. The Harvard Judaica Collection also attempts to have comprehensive coverage of the publications of Jewish communities throughout the globe, including a significant collection of publications from countries across Europe. Collecting these materials requires cooperation with a wide array of institutions and individuals around the world.
The enhancing importance of digital documents has effected activities on how to deal with them. One line came from the more general field of "scientific publishing", which was handled in detail by DINI (Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation). But for this initiative long- time archiving was only one field of many and was not their primary focus. DINI first of all concentrated on the elaboration of effective and standardized methods and tools for publishing and related services on the basis of open access policy via the use of institutional repositories. The second line of projects came from the more general view of maintaining cultural heritage also in a digital world. Especially under the patronage of the Ministry of Education and Research important projects were being financed. Strategic solutions including archives, libraries, and museums are discussed and elaborated within NESTOR, where more technical solutions based on the term of practicability are developed within KOPAL. KOPAL brought together the industry (IBM) with a public- funded technical center (GWDG) and two libraries (DNB and SUB Göttingen). Within this project a general software implementation, which took into consideration all necessary international standards, could be finished last month and has been now for about two weeks. Based on early results within NESTOR it seemed important too, to strengthen all activities by giving them a legal basis. Therefore when the law changed concerning the German National Library from June 22nd this year (DNBG), the library was authorized with all the necessary instruments to collect digital documents in "non-physical" form as well. With this law at the moment Germany is in the rare position of being one of the few countries where the collection of network publications is part of the whole legal deposit strategy.
To stimulate further discussion, I would like to briefly tackle the following questions: * How can one become informed about what is going on in German Studies in the US? * What kinds of American guides to German resources are available? * What kinds of German Studies resources are being produced in the US? * What do we know about how scholars are using (or not) these guides and resources?
U. S. library resources on South Asia that were built around the limited needs of a handful of Sanskritics before World War II have made a long journey during the past half century. Since the inception of the Library of Congress Cooperative South Asia Acquisition Program (formerly called "PL-480" program), in 1962, libraries have built significant collections with financial support from governmental agencies and philanthropic foundations, to support teaching and research in all areas of social sciences and humanities. These collections have been supplemented by efforts to build retrospective collections and to microfilm rare materials in British and South Asian libraries and archives. Today, in cooperation with South Asian libraries, several projects are underway to preserve and digitize rapidly deteriorating materials so that these riches can be shared with the global scholarly community through electronic means.
Objective: Establishment of an immunocompetent mouse model representing the typical progressive stages observed in malignant human gliomas for the in vivo evaluation of novel target-specific regimens.
Methods: Isolated clones from tumours that arose spontaneously in GFAP-v-src transgenic mice were used to develop a transplantable brain tumour model in syngeneic B6C3F1 mice. STAT3 protein was knocked down by infection of tumour cells with replication-defective lentivirus encoding STAT3-siRNA. Apoptosis is designed to be induced by soluble recombinant TRAIL + chemical Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors.
Results: Striatal implantation of 105 mouse tumour cells resulted in the robust development of microscopically (2 – 3 mm) infiltrating malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemically, the gliomas displayed the astroglial marker GFAP and the oncogenic form of STAT3 (Tyr-705-phosphorylated) which is found in many malignancies including gliomas. Phosphorylated STAT3 was particularly prominent in the nucleus but was also found at the plasma membrane of peripherally infiltrating glioma cells. To evaluate the role of STAT3 in tumour progression, we stably expressed siRNA against STAT3 in several murine glioma cell lines. The effect of STAT3 depletion on proliferation, invasion and survival will be first assessed in vitro and subsequently after transplantation in vivo. Upstream and downstream components of the STAT3 signalling pathway as well as possible non-specific side effects of STAT3-siRNA expression after lentiviral infection will be examined, too.
Conclusions: Its high rate of engraftment, its similarity to the malignant glioma of origin, and its rapid locally invasive growth should make this murine model useful in testing novel therapies for malignant gliomas.
A number of pressures on academic libraries imperil the long-term survivability of printed knowledge and heritage materials. Ever-growing volumes of materials, costs of preserving and delivering paper-based research resources, and researchers’ growing demand for source materials in electronic formats all produce strain on our institutions. ...
The University library in Frankfurt/Main owns the largest collection of literature on Judaism and Israel in Germany and one of the major collections in the world. Its task is to document the history of the Jewish people and to serve as a resource for study and research in Germany. The Jewish Division is therefore collecting all relevant national and international publications covering all aspects of post-biblical Judaism and Jewish culture in a most comprehensive manner, as well as all publications on the modern State of Israel. Two databases offer access to the large collections of the Judaica-Division. Yiddish Literature is the database that offers online access to the page images of the outstanding historical Yiddish collection, containing about 800 extremely rare and precious Yiddish and German-Jewish books printed in Hebrew letters from the 16th century onwards. Compact memory is a gateway to more than 100 Jewish periodicals in the German language area published in the 19th and 20th century, providing partly images, partly full-text-search and a bibliographic database of articles. The implementation of a third, new digital project, the »Virtual Judaica-collection« has just started - the digitization and online-presentation of the historical Judaica resources. Formed by his curator Prof. Aron Freimann, it was the largest and most significant Judaica collection on the European continent before the war. The goal is to offer free access to about 18.000 books with 2 Mill. pages over the web. In light of these developments, the presentation will evaluate the current possibilities of German-North-American cooperation in the area of digital projects.
Location-based services (LBS) are services that position your mobile phone to provide some context-based service for you. Some of these services – called ‘location tracking’ applications - need frequent updates of the current position to decide whether a service should be initiated. Thus, internet-based systems will continuously collect and process the location in relationship to a personal context of an identified customer. This paper will present the concept of location as part of a person’s identity. I will conceptualize location in information systems and relate it to concepts like privacy, geographical information systems and surveillance. The talk will present how the knowledge of a person's private life and identity can be enhanced with data mining technologies on location profiles and movement patterns. Finally, some first concepts about protecting location information.
The paper will provide a brief background to the history of the organization and cooperative efforts of African studies librarians in the United States including their efforts at international cooperation. Particular emphasis will be placed on the current opportunities for improved cooperation as digitization activities increase. Examples will include the DISA and Aluka initiatives and well as the Timbuktu manuscript digitization project at the Center for Research Libraries. Particular emphasis will placed on the possibilities for German-North American cooperation in the area of digital projects of historical photographs given the extensive collections held at Northwestern and Frankfurt.
... This year's Scientific Symposium of the University Library is already number six in the row. It was again prepared and organised like some of the previous conferences together with our North American partners. This means that a continuous specialists’ discussion and a professional partnership have been already installed. All librarians and information managers are invited to learn more about the results of this cooperation every year when it's time for the next Symposium during Frankfurt Book Fair. ...
The paper presents an overview about some of the international relevant projects of digital resources in Germany. Online presentations of primary sources, e.g. photographic material, and bibliographic tools supporting research, such as cross searching, will be presented as potential partners of resource sharing with North America. Not only the possibility of cooperation will be sketched, but also necessary preliminary work and some obstacles will be outlined. This report is accompanied by a short characterization of African studies in Germany and the status quo of Open Access-initiatives.
Large American research libraries have been acquiring - by purchase and by lease - huge multi-disciplinary electronic collections of primary and secondary source materials. For example, the Digital Evans and Canadian Poetry easily make available to scholars primary materials that once were scattered in libraries across North America and Europe. The American State Papers, 1789 – 1838 collection allows easier searching of fragile rare materials. Collections made by libraries digitizing their own holdings, such the Archive of Early American Images from the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University, make research materials more discoverable and usable. Yet recent scholarship in American Studies by American and European scholars makes relatively little use of these new materials. Both disparities and congruities in what scholars use and what research libraries collect are apparent. Some simple reasons explain the dissonance. Furthermore, conversations with scholars suggest that materials and collections alone will not suffice to support research. Librarians’ skills and actions will increase the value of the new research materials.
Seit 2005 ist die Bibliothek des Südasien-Instituts in Kooperation mit der UB Heidelberg Trägerin des DFG-geförderten Sondersammelgebiets Südasien. Damit hat sie von der UB Tübingen ein traditionsreiches Sondersammelgebiet übernommen, dessen Geschichte bis ins Jahr 1949 zurückreicht. Der Vortrag wird zum Einen einen kurzen Überblick über den historischen Kontext des SSG Südasien geben und zum Anderen über Neuentwicklungen, wie z.B. die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Südasien, die in den letzten zwei Jahren an der Bibliothek des Südasien-Instituts aufgebaut wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll vor allem das Kooperationspotential im Bereich digitaler Informationsressourcen beleuchtet werden.
Evaluating phonological status : significance of paradigm uniformity vs. prosodic group effects
(2007)
A central concern of linguistic phonetics is to define criteria for determining the phonological status of sounds or sound properties observed in phonetic surface form. Based on acoustic measurements we show that the occurrence of syllabic sonorants vs. schwa-sonorant sequences in German is determined exclusively by segmental and prosodic structure, with no paradigm uniformity effects. We argue that these findings are consistent with a uniform representation of syllabic sonorants as schwa sonorant sequences in the lexicon. The stability of schwa in CVC-suffixes (e.g. the German diminutive suffix -chen), as opposed to its phonetic absence in a segmentally comparable underived context, is argued to be conditioned by the prosodic organisation of such suffixes external to the phonological word of the stem.
Contents - BIX: pole position and runner-up - Frankfurt University Library: its responsibilities, its collections, its databases, its supra-regional collecting responsibilities – and some statistics - The "Sondersammelgebiet" Germanistik: its scope and contents, its principal strengths, present situation, and budget - Sammlung Deutscher Drucke: the 1801-1870 segment of the "Distributed National Library" - Information Services: Bibliographie der deutschen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft (BDSL), Neuerwerbungsliste Germanistik, Bibliographie germanistischer Bibliographien (BgB), DigiZeitschriften, information bulletins - Work of the Subject Specialist: exhibitions, publicity material
There is little doubt that Quantumchromodynamics (QCD) is the theory which describes strong interaction physics. Lattice gauge simulations of QCD predict that in the m,T plane there is a line where a transition from confined hadronic matter to deconfined quarks takes place. The transition is either a cross over (at low m) or of first order (at high m). It is the goal of the present and future heavy ion experiment at RHIC and FAIR to study this phase transition at different locations in the m,T plane and to explore the properties of the deconfined phase. It is the purpose of this contribution to discuss some of the observables which are considered as useful for this purpose.
The scientific innovation process embraces the steps from problem definition through the development and evaluation of innovative solutions to their successful exploitation. The challenges imposed by this process can be answered by the creation of a powerful and flexible next-generation e-Science infrastructure, which exploits leading edge information and knowledge technologies and enables a comprehensive and intelligent means of supporting this process. This paper describes our vision of a Knowledge-based eScience infrastructure, which is based on the results of an in-depth study of the researchers requirements. Furthermore, it introduces the Fraunhofer e-Science Cockpit as a first implementation of our vision.
Proceedings of 4th International Workshop "Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement", July 9-13, 2007, Darmstadt, Germany: The multiplicity fluctuations of hadrons are studied within the statistical hadron-resonance gas model in the large volume limit. The role of quantum statistics and resonance decay effects are discussed. The microscopic correlator method is used to enforce conservation of three charges - baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness - in the canonical ensemble. In addition, in the micro-canonical ensemble energy conservation is included. An analytical method is used to account for resonance decays. The multiplicity distributions and the scaled variances for negatively and positively charged hadrons are calculated for the sets of thermodynamical parameters along the chemical freeze-out line of central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions from SIS to LHC energies. Predictions obtained within different statistical ensembles are compared with the preliminary NA49 experimental results on central Pb+Pb collisions in the SPS energy range. The measured fluctuations are significantly narrower than the Poisson ones and clearly favor expectations for the micro-canonical ensemble. Thus, this is a first observation of the recently predicted suppression of the multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic gases in the thermodynamical limit due to conservation laws.
We discuss the use of Wilson fermions with twisted mass for simulations of QCD thermodynamics.
As a prerequisite for a future analysis of the finite-temperature transition making use
of automatic O(a) improvement, we investigate the phase structure in the space spanned by the
hopping parameter k , the coupling b , and the twisted mass parameter m. We present results for
Nf = 2 degenerate quarks on a 163×8 lattice, for which we investigate the possibility of an Aoki
phase existing at strong coupling and vanishing m, as well as of a thermal phase transition at
moderate gauge couplings and non-vanishing m.
Rawang (Rvwàng) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the far north of Myanmar (Burma), and is closely related to the Dulong language spoken in China. Rawang manifests a kind of hierarchical person marking on the predicate which marks first person primarily (in several different ways - suffixes, change of final consonant, vowel length - and up to five times within one verb complex), and second person indirectly with a sort of marking similar to the inverse marking found in some North American languages: it appears when there is a first person participant, but that referent is not the actor, and when the second person is a participant. This system is quite different from those that reflect semantic role (e.g. Qiang) or grammatical relations (e.g. English).
Rawang [...] is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by people who live in the far north of Kachin State in Myanmar (Burma), particularly along the Mae Hka ('Nmai Hka) and Maeli Hka (Mali Hka) river valleys (see map on back page); population unknown, although Ethnologue gives 100,000. In the past they had been called ‘Nung’, or (mistakenly) ‘Hkanung’, and are considered to be a sub-group of the Kachin by the Myanmar government. Until government policies put a stop to the clearing of new land in 1994, the Rawang speakers still practiced slash and burn farming on the mountainsides (they still do a bit, but only on already claimed land), in conjunction with planting paddy rice near the river. They are closely related to people on the other side of the Chinese border in Yunnan classified as either Dulong or Nu(ng) (see LaPolla 2001, 2003 on the Dulong language). In this paper, I will be discussing the word-class-changing constructions found in Rawang, using data of the Mvtwang (Mvt River) dialect of Rawang, which is considered the most central of those dialects in Myanmar and so has become something of a standard for writing and inter-group communication.