Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Preprint (1966) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1966) (remove)
Keywords
- Kollisionen schwerer Ionen (33)
- heavy ion collisions (27)
- Deutsch (23)
- Quark-Gluon-Plasma (14)
- equation of state (13)
- QGP (12)
- Kongress (10)
- Syntax (10)
- quark-gluon plasma (10)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammar (9)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (9)
- Schweizerdeutsch (9)
- quark (9)
- Hadron (8)
- Meson (8)
- Syntaktische Analyse (8)
- Zustandsgleichung (8)
- collision (8)
- heavy-ion collisions (8)
- meson (8)
- Semantik (7)
- heavy ion collision (7)
- quark gluon plasma (7)
- Chatten <Kommunikation> (6)
- E2 enzyme (6)
- Energie (6)
- Kollision (6)
- Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (6)
- Quanten-Chromodynamik (6)
- Quark (6)
- TRACT (6)
- UrQMD (6)
- baryon (6)
- oligomerization (6)
- ubiquitination (6)
- Dialektologie (5)
- Kryptologie (5)
- LHC (5)
- MEMOs (5)
- Online-Publikation (5)
- Optimalitätstheorie (5)
- QCD (5)
- Quantum Chromodynamic (5)
- RHIC (5)
- Range Concatenation Grammar (5)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (5)
- energy (5)
- hadronic (5)
- quark matter (5)
- quark-gluon-plasma (5)
- relativistic (5)
- syntax (5)
- Aufsatzsammlung (4)
- Dirac (4)
- Englisch (4)
- German (4)
- Grammatik (4)
- Griechisch (4)
- ISGylation (4)
- Quark Materie (4)
- SPS (4)
- Satzanalyse (4)
- Soziolinguistik (4)
- black holes (4)
- hadron (4)
- heavy ion colliders (4)
- nucleon (4)
- Bremsstrahlung (3)
- Gross-Neveu model (3)
- Liebesbrief (3)
- Literatur (3)
- Molekulare Dynamik (3)
- Neutronenstern (3)
- Nominalisierung (3)
- Nukleon (3)
- Prosodie (3)
- Präposition (3)
- RQMD (3)
- Rumänisch (3)
- Sinotibetische Sprachen (3)
- Spracherwerb (3)
- Standardsprache (3)
- Strahl (3)
- Strangelets (3)
- Tree Adjoining Grammar (3)
- Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (3)
- UrQMD Modell (3)
- Zustandsgleichungen (3)
- autophagy (3)
- bremsstrahlung (3)
- density functional theory (3)
- gluon (3)
- hadronic matter (3)
- heavy ion (3)
- hydrodynamical model (3)
- hydrodynamisches Modell (3)
- inhomogeneous phases (3)
- jet (3)
- kaon (3)
- mean-field (3)
- moat regime (3)
- neutron star (3)
- nuclear collisions (3)
- phase diagram (3)
- relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (3)
- relativistisch (3)
- schwere Ion Kollision (3)
- schwere Ion-Kollision (3)
- stability analysis (3)
- strangelets (3)
- two-point function (3)
- wave-function renormalization (3)
- α-RuCl3 (3)
- Baryon (2)
- Brief (2)
- CDM (2)
- Charmonium (2)
- Chinesisch (2)
- Commitment Scheme (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Dichte (2)
- Dirac-Brueckner theory (2)
- Dirac-Brückner Theorie (2)
- Drell-Yan (2)
- EEG (2)
- FOS: Physical sciences (2)
- Frage (2)
- Geschichte (2)
- Grammaires d’Arbres Adjoints (2)
- HCV (2)
- Haiku (2)
- ISGlyation (2)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (2)
- Kaon (2)
- Kerne (2)
- Kontrastive Linguistik (2)
- Lagrangian (2)
- MCTAG (2)
- MRI (2)
- Materie (2)
- Meson production (2)
- Moran model (2)
- Morphologie (2)
- NS3 (2)
- NS5A (2)
- Nambu Jona-Lasinio Modell (2)
- Nambu Jona-Lasinio model (2)
- Oblivious Transfer (2)
- PBPK (2)
- Partikelspektren (2)
- Phasenübergang (2)
- Phonologie (2)
- Plasma (2)
- QMD (2)
- Quanten Chromodynamik (2)
- Quantenchromodynamik (2)
- Quantum Chromodynamics (2)
- Quantum Molecular Dynamics (2)
- Quark gluon Plasma (2)
- Quark-Gluon Plasma (2)
- San Jose (2)
- Schwelle (2)
- Sprache (2)
- Sprachnorm (2)
- Sprachwandel (2)
- Substandardsprache (2)
- Teilchen (2)
- Temperatur (2)
- Tree Adoining Grammar (2)
- Tree Description Grammar (2)
- Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Model (2)
- Ultrarelativistisches Quant Molekulares Modell (2)
- UrQMD model (2)
- Walecka model (2)
- aging (2)
- alpha power (2)
- ancestral selection graph (2)
- antibaryon (2)
- antikaon (2)
- black hole (2)
- bound state (2)
- case (2)
- cold dark matter (2)
- collaboration script (2)
- computational complexity (2)
- critical phenomena (2)
- degrees of freedom (2)
- dense matter (2)
- dichte Materie (2)
- duality (2)
- electronic transport (2)
- fixation probability (2)
- freeze out (2)
- grammaires à concaténation d’intervalles (2)
- große Extradimensionen (2)
- hadronische Materie (2)
- hydrodynamics (2)
- kalte dunkle Materie (2)
- kinetic equation (2)
- kinetische Gleichung (2)
- large extra dimensions (2)
- masse (2)
- matter (2)
- modeling and simulation (2)
- natural scenes (2)
- neuronal populations (2)
- neutralino (2)
- non-structural proteins (2)
- nuclear broadening effect (2)
- nuclear matter (2)
- nuclei (2)
- p-n junction (2)
- particle spectra (2)
- particles (2)
- plasma (2)
- primary visual cortex (2)
- prompt photon (2)
- proteasome (2)
- protein degradation (2)
- proteolysis systems (2)
- referential communication (2)
- relativistic heavy ion collision (2)
- relativistische schwere Ion Kollision (2)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (2)
- scattering (2)
- schwarze Löcher (2)
- schwere Ion-Kollisionen (2)
- statistical coalescence model (2)
- statistisches Fusionsmodell (2)
- stimulus encoding (2)
- strange hadronic matter (2)
- temperature (2)
- thermalization (2)
- ultrarelativistisch (2)
- ultrarelativistische (2)
- visual attention (2)
- white matter hyperintensity (2)
- Übersetzung (2)
- Λ−coalescent (2)
- (QGP) (1)
- 26 LncRNA (1)
- 2D vdW magnets (1)
- A+A collisions (1)
- ADD (1)
- AGS (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (1)
- Acquisition (1)
- Adjektiv (1)
- Adjustment (1)
- Adler, Alfred (Pädagoge) (1)
- Adorno, Theodor W. / Negative Dialektik (1)
- Adulthood (1)
- African Diaspora (1)
- African Sleeping Sickness (1)
- Agamben, Giorgio (1)
- Albert (1)
- Alemannisch (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Allegorie (1)
- Alteritätserlebnis (1)
- Amblyopia (1)
- Analyse syntaxique déductive (1)
- Anders, Günther (1)
- Anisotropic flow (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Anti-Kaon (1)
- Antigens/Peptides/Epitopes (1)
- Antikaon (1)
- Antike (1)
- Antiteilchen (1)
- Arabisch (1)
- Arrhythmia (1)
- Auftraggeber (1)
- Ausfrieren (1)
- Auto-ML (1)
- Automatentheorie (1)
- Automatische Sprachanalyse (1)
- BESIII (1)
- BRAF (1)
- Bantu (1)
- Beauvoir (1)
- Benin (1)
- Benjamin (1)
- Benjamin, Walter (1)
- Bernd (1)
- Bernhard, Thomas (1)
- Bestattung (1)
- Bildnisplastik (1)
- Binding (1)
- Binocular Rivalry (1)
- Bioenabling formulations (1)
- Bjorken Modell (1)
- Bjorken model (1)
- Blind Signature (1)
- Block Korkin—Zolotarev reduction (1)
- Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (1)
- Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck Gleichung (1)
- Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation (1)
- Born cross section measurement (1)
- Brauchtum (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Browsertool (1)
- Buparlisib (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Calderón problem (1)
- Camus (1)
- Cannabis (1)
- Cardiac arrest (1)
- Cavell, Stanley (1)
- Cechov, Anton P. (1)
- Cellular neuroscience (1)
- Charge fluctuations (1)
- Charm Produktion (1)
- Charmed mesons (1)
- Charmed quarks (1)
- Charmonium (-like) (1)
- Charmonium Produktion (1)
- Charmonium production (1)
- Chatraum (1)
- Chemical equilibration (1)
- Chemikalie (1)
- Chemische Gleichgewichtherstellung (1)
- Chiffrierung (1)
- Chinese Remainder Theorem (1)
- Chiral symmetries (1)
- Chiton (1)
- Chocó rainforest (1)
- Chomsky (1)
- Christian (1)
- Clitic Doubling (1)
- Clitic-Doubling (1)
- Closest Vector Problem (1)
- Cluster distribution (1)
- Cluster integrals (1)
- College Students (1)
- College Teachers (1)
- Collision (1)
- Commitment (1)
- Commitment schemes (1)
- Computational model (1)
- Computer Mediated Communication (1)
- Computerlinguistik (1)
- Computervermittelte Kommunikation (1)
- Conservation Laws (1)
- Coreference annotation (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- D-Dbar (1)
- D-meson spectral density (1)
- DN interaction (1)
- Das Andere (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Datenstruktur (1)
- Deep time (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Description Tree Grammar (1)
- Dessins d'enfants (1)
- Deuteron (1)
- Deutsches Sprachgebiet (1)
- Deutschunterricht (1)
- Die kluge Bauerntochter (1)
- Dielectron (1)
- Dielektron (1)
- Dilepton (1)
- Discrete Logarithm (1)
- Doktor Faustus (1)
- Donau <Motiv> (1)
- Drell-Yan production (1)
- Drell-Yan ratio (1)
- Drell-Yan-Prozess (1)
- Droste-Hülshoff, Annette von (1)
- Droste-Hülshoff, Annette von: Die Taxuswand (1)
- Drug-Drug Interactions (1)
- Drung (1)
- Dutschke (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dyson-Schwinger equation (1)
- EGFR (1)
- EOS (1)
- East Africa (1)
- Economic development (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Educational outcomes (1)
- Elektron (1)
- Elektronische Publikation (1)
- Elementarteilchen (1)
- Elementary particle (1)
- Employment Effects (1)
- Energy system modelling tool (1)
- Enthalpy (1)
- Entwicklungsphase (1)
- Enzensberger (1)
- Equation of State (1)
- Ereignisschwankungen (1)
- Erhaltungsgesetz (1)
- Erotik <Motiv> (1)
- Erwachsenenalter (1)
- Euler method (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europe (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Event-by-event fluctuations (1)
- FID model (1)
- Factoring (1)
- Family structure transitions (1)
- Fanon (1)
- Faschismus <Motiv> (1)
- Fehlererkennung (1)
- Fehlertoleranz (1)
- Fendrr (1)
- Fischart, Johann (1)
- Flexion (1)
- Formale Sprache (1)
- Formalismes syntaxiques (1)
- Forstdynamik (1)
- Foucault, Michel (1)
- Frankfurt am Main (1)
- Frantz (1)
- Französisch (1)
- Französische Schweiz (1)
- Frau (1)
- Frau <Motiv> (1)
- Freeze Out (1)
- Freeze out (1)
- Freiheitsgrad (1)
- Freiheitsgrade (1)
- Freud, Sigmund (1)
- Funktion (1)
- GABARAP (1)
- GI pH (1)
- GI solubility (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geschichte 1900-2000 (1)
- Geschichtstheorie (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Gespräch (1)
- Giraffa (1)
- Globalization (1)
- Gluon (1)
- Gluon-Plasma (1)
- Grammaires d’arbres adjoints à composantes multiples (1)
- Grammatikalisation (1)
- Grammatikalität (1)
- Grammatiktheorie (1)
- Graph Machine Learning (1)
- Graph Neural Networks (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Gravitational radiation (1)
- Grimm, Jacob (1)
- Grimm, Wilhelm (1)
- Gyromagnetic Moment (1)
- HER2 (1)
- HICs (1)
- HLA class I (1)
- HLHS (1)
- HRAS 28 Gefitinib (1)
- Hadron Gas Modell (1)
- Hadron Materie (1)
- Hadronenbeschleuniger (1)
- Haiti (1)
- Hans Magnus (1)
- Hartree (1)
- Heavy ion collisions (1)
- Heinrich Heine (1)
- Heterotopie (1)
- High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) (1)
- High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (1)
- Hilfsverb (1)
- Historische Sprachwissenschaft (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hochschullehrer (1)
- Hohe Energie (1)
- Homo sacer (1)
- Homogeneous nucleation (1)
- Human (1)
- Humanitarianism (1)
- Humanitarismus (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- Hypermaterie (1)
- ICD (1)
- IQMD Modell (1)
- IQMD model (1)
- Identification (1)
- Ikon (1)
- Ilmenau <2000> (1)
- Immanent Critique (1)
- Immune Response (1)
- Impurismus (1)
- In-Medium Zerfall (1)
- Internetliteratur (1)
- Interpretation (1)
- Isländisch (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Italien (1)
- J/psi Erhöhung (1)
- J/psi Unterdrückung (1)
- J/psi enhancement (1)
- J/psi suppression (1)
- J/psi yield (1)
- J/ϕ (1)
- Jaspers, Karl (1)
- Jean-Paul (1)
- Job Creation Schemes (1)
- John McDowell (1)
- Jugendsprache (1)
- Jung, Carl G. (1)
- Jürgen Habermas (1)
- K-Meson (1)
- Kaons (1)
- Kapitalismus (1)
- Kausativ (1)
- Kd determination (1)
- Kern-Kern Kollision (1)
- Kernkollision (1)
- Kernkollisionen (1)
- Kernmaterie (1)
- Kernreaktion Modell und Methoden (1)
- Kertész, Imre (1)
- Khoisan (1)
- Kiezdeutsch (1)
- Knapsack problem (1)
- Kochen-Specker theorem (1)
- Kognitionswissenschaft (1)
- Kollisionen des schweren Ions (1)
- Kollisionen schwere Ionen (1)
- Kommunikationsforschung (1)
- Konfliktlösung (1)
- Korean (1)
- Koreanisch (1)
- Korkin—Zolotarev reduction (1)
- Korpusannotation (1)
- Korrelation (1)
- Kosmischer Strahl (1)
- Kosovo-Krieg (1)
- Kulturphilosophie (1)
- LC3 (1)
- LIR motifs (1)
- LLL-reduction (1)
- Lagrangian . equation of state (1)
- Lambda-c(2593) resonance (1)
- Landschaft (1)
- Language (1)
- Langzeitarchivierung (1)
- Large Hadron Collider (1)
- Lattice Reduction (1)
- Lattice basis reduction (1)
- Lehnwort (1)
- Lehrer-Schüler-Interaktion (1)
- Lehrerbildung (1)
- Lehrermerkmale (1)
- Lenz, Hans (1)
- Lernmotivation (1)
- Lerntheorie (1)
- Les mots et les choses (1)
- Levi, Primo (1)
- Lexical Resource Semantics (1)
- Lexical Ressource Semantics (1)
- Lexikologie (1)
- Literaturtheorie (1)
- LncRNA (1)
- Loewner monotonicity and convexity (1)
- Lorentz (1)
- Lorentz contraction (1)
- Low density subset sum algorithm (1)
- MET (1)
- MHC (1)
- Mach Shocks (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Manhattan distance (1)
- Mann, Thomas (1)
- Markov chain Monte Carlo Method (1)
- Markt (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Masse (1)
- Massenmedien (1)
- Massenspektrum (1)
- Material budget (1)
- Mathematical Modeling (1)
- McEliece (1)
- Message authentication (1)
- Metastable Exotic Multistrange Objects (1)
- Militärische Intervention (1)
- Mittelalter (1)
- Mittelenglisch (1)
- Model-based public policy (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modernität (1)
- Modular Multiplication (1)
- Mohawk (1)
- Molecular Neuroscience (1)
- Mollusca (1)
- Monte-Carlo model for relativistic heavy ion collisions (1)
- Mortuary culture (1)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (1)
- Mundart (1)
- Mythologie (1)
- Märchen (1)
- Nambu Jona Lasinio Modell (1)
- Nambu Jona Lasinio model (1)
- Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (1)
- Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Modell (1)
- Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (1)
- Nationalsozialismus (1)
- Natur (1)
- Natürlichsprachiges System (1)
- Neologismus (1)
- Neopatrimonialism (1)
- Network Neuroscience (1)
- Neugriechisch (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Neural map (1)
- Neutron (1)
- Nichtumkehrbarkeit (1)
- Nietzsche, Friedrich (1)
- Nkx2-5 (1)
- Noam (1)
- Nominalphrase (1)
- Non-Malleability (1)
- Noticeable Probability (1)
- Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) (1)
- Nuclear Theory (1)
- Nuclear-reaction models and methods (1)
- Nucleon (1)
- ODE (1)
- ODEs (1)
- OMD (1)
- Object recognition (1)
- Open-source software (1)
- Oper (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Oracle Query (1)
- Orient (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Orpheus (1)
- Othello (1)
- Outreach practice (1)
- PIK3CA (1)
- PTSD (1)
- Parental education (1)
- Parkinson diagnosis (1)
- Parliamentary opposition (1)
- Particle Spectra (1)
- Partikelzahlschwankung (1)
- Pb+Pb collisions (1)
- Peltzer, Ulrich (1)
- Perfekt (1)
- Pharmacokinetic Interactions (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phonetik (1)
- Photon (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phytosoziologie (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Pion (1)
- Pion Gas (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Politische Kommunikation (1)
- Polyplacophora (1)
- Potential (1)
- Potsdam <2002> (1)
- Prag <1999> (1)
- Pragmatik (1)
- Praxis (1)
- Precipitation inhibition (1)
- Private Information Retrieval (1)
- Produktion von pentaquark (1)
- Projektion <Psychologie> (1)
- Proposal (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Protonen (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Public Key Cryptosystem (1)
- Public Parameter (1)
- Python (1)
- QCD medium (1)
- QCD plasma (1)
- QFT on curved background (1)
- QGP hadrons phase transition (1)
- QGP signals (1)
- QMC (1)
- Qiang-Sprache (1)
- Quadratic Residue (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quanten Chromodynamic (1)
- Quanten-Molekular-Dynamic (1)
- Quanten-Molekular-Dynamik (1)
- Quantendynamik (1)
- Quantum chromodynamics (1)
- Quark Antiquark (1)
- Quark-Sterne (1)
- Quarkonium (1)
- Quel che resta di Auschwitz (1)
- RHIC energies (1)
- Rabehl (1)
- Radiative decay (1)
- Random Oracle (1)
- Random String (1)
- Range Concatenation Grammars (1)
- Raum Zeit (1)
- Ready-made (1)
- Regenerationsnischen (1)
- Reimchronik (1)
- Reise (1)
- Relativistic Excluded Volumes (1)
- Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (1)
- Relativistisch (1)
- Relativistische Kollisionen des schwere Ions (1)
- Relativsatz (1)
- Representation Problem (1)
- Rezension (1)
- Rezeption (1)
- Rhetorik (1)
- Rho-Meson (1)
- Robustheit (1)
- Roman (1)
- Romanian (1)
- Romanische Sprachen (1)
- Rudi (1)
- Russisch (1)
- Römisches Reich (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SENECA model (1)
- SHM (1)
- SMS <Telekommunikation> (1)
- SU (3) - Modell (1)
- SU (3) - Symmetrie (1)
- SU (3) Modell (1)
- SU(3) model (1)
- SU(3)-model (1)
- SU(3)-symmetry (1)
- SYNtax-based Reference Annotation (1)
- San Francisco (1)
- Santa Barbara (1)
- Sartre (1)
- Satzanlyse (1)
- Scene context effects (1)
- Scham (1)
- Schwabenkrieg (1)
- Schwerionenphysik (1)
- Schüler- und Studierendeneinstellungen (1)
- Scrambling (1)
- Screening (1)
- Se questo è un uomo (1)
- Sectoral Heterogeneity (1)
- Security (1)
- Security Parameter (1)
- Semler (1)
- Shakespeare, William (1)
- Shortest lattice vector problem (1)
- Signature (1)
- Simone de (1)
- Simple Range Concatenation Grammar (1)
- Single-mother families (1)
- Skalarpotential (1)
- Skeptizismus (1)
- Sloppiness (1)
- Smith, Adam (1)
- Software (1)
- Software development practice (1)
- Sorstalanság (1)
- Spektren (1)
- Spezifität (1)
- Sprachgewinn (1)
- Sprachinsel (1)
- Sprachliche Universalien (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- SrNi2P2 (1)
- Stable reduction algorithm (1)
- Stadtmundart (1)
- Standort (1)
- Statistical model (1)
- Stepfamilies (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Streit (1)
- Student Attitudes (1)
- Studentenschaft (1)
- Studienverhalten (1)
- Studierende (Anfangssemester) (1)
- Studium (1)
- Subjektivität (1)
- Subset sum problem (1)
- Sudden cardiac death (1)
- Super Proton Synchrotron (1)
- Supersaturation (1)
- Surrogate endpoint (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Syntactic formalisms (1)
- Szenische Interpretation (1)
- Szymborska, Wislawa (1)
- T-wave alternans (1)
- TEPT (1)
- TMT (1)
- TUSNELDA (1)
- TUSNELDA-Standard (1)
- Tagging (1)
- Tanzkunst (1)
- Tanztext (1)
- Tarkowskij, Andrej (1)
- Tarragona <2008> (1)
- Teacher Characteristics (1)
- Teacher Student Interaction (1)
- Teilchenbeschleuniger (1)
- Teilchenspektren (1)
- Teilchenverteilung (1)
- Tevatron (1)
- The claim of reason (1)
- Theory of history (1)
- Thorne Kishino Felsenstein model (1)
- Tibetobirmanische Sprachen (1)
- Tiefenpsychologie (1)
- Tod (1)
- Tragödie (1)
- Transcatheter stage 1 (1)
- Translation (1)
- Transport (1)
- Trapdoor (1)
- Tree Tuple (1)
- Tree-Adjoining Grammar (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei (1)
- Two-component and Multi-component Hadron Gas (1)
- Tübingen <2007> (1)
- UHECR (1)
- URQMD (1)
- USA (1)
- USP28 (1)
- Ulrich / Alle oder keiner (1)
- Ulrich / Bryant Park (1)
- Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic (1)
- Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (1)
- Ultrarelativisitic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (1)
- Ultrarelativisitisches (1)
- Ultrarelativistisches Quant Molekular Dynamik (1)
- Uniform resource locators (1)
- Unordered Vector Grammar with Dominance Link (1)
- Vagueness (1)
- Van der Waals (1)
- Van der Waals Excluded Volume Model (1)
- Van der Waals model (1)
- Vektorpotential (1)
- Vemurafenib (1)
- Ventricular tachyarrhythmic event (1)
- Verb (1)
- Verbreitung (1)
- Verfremdung (1)
- Vergleich (1)
- Verona (1)
- Vielkörperkorrelationen (1)
- Viewpoint dependence (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- Walecka Modell (1)
- Walecka-Modell (1)
- Walecka-model (1)
- Walter (1)
- Weltkrieg <1939-1945> (1)
- Wirtschaftsphilosophie (1)
- Wissenschaftsphilosophie (1)
- Wissenschaftstransfer (1)
- Wnt (1)
- Word Sense Disambiguation (1)
- Wortlänge (1)
- Zahlbegriff (1)
- Zeichen (1)
- Zeitung (1)
- Zusammenstoß (1)
- Zweierbeziehung (1)
- Zürich <2000> (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- absorption (1)
- acceptability (1)
- acetogen (1)
- acetogenic bacteria (1)
- active sensing (1)
- agree (1)
- allemand (1)
- amorphous solid dispersions (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- anti-kaon (1)
- anticausatives (1)
- antigen processing and presentation (1)
- antiparticles (1)
- antiviral therapy (1)
- approximation complexity (1)
- aprepitant (1)
- argument dislocation (1)
- attitudes (1)
- autoinhibition (1)
- automatic handwriting analysis (1)
- auxiliaries (1)
- auxiliary selection (1)
- average pairwise distance (1)
- bats (1)
- be (1)
- biased signaling (1)
- bicarbonates (1)
- binary neutron star mergers (1)
- binaryfission (1)
- bio-enabling formulations (1)
- biocommodities (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity protection (1)
- bioequivalence (1)
- biofuel (1)
- bioreactor (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- bio‐enabling formulations (1)
- brain rhythms (1)
- broadening (1)
- brouillage d’arguments (1)
- buffer capacity (1)
- c-JUN (1)
- c-MYC (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cancer cell dormancy (1)
- canonical strangeness suppression (1)
- canonical suppression (1)
- carbon capture (1)
- caudate (1)
- causatives (1)
- change blindness (1)
- charm (1)
- charm and bottom Produktion (1)
- charm and bottom production (1)
- chemical (1)
- chemical freezeout (1)
- chemisches Ausfrieren (1)
- chiral (1)
- chiral SU (3) (1)
- chiral SU(3) (1)
- chiral SU(3) model (1)
- chiral phase (1)
- chronic (1)
- chronosequence (1)
- chunk parsing (1)
- chunkparsing (1)
- clinical isolates (1)
- cognitive demands (1)
- cognitive interventions (1)
- cold baryon rich matter (1)
- cold quark matter (1)
- collective flow (1)
- color current (1)
- colour model (1)
- coloured quark dynamic (1)
- compact Riemann surfaces (1)
- comparative analysis (1)
- comparative institutional analysis (1)
- compensation (1)
- computational geometry (1)
- concurrent composition (1)
- confinement (1)
- conservation funding (1)
- conservation law (1)
- conservation laws (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- coréen (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cosmology (1)
- counterfactual (1)
- coupled-channel self-consistent calculation (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- culpa asociada a trauma (1)
- cultural change (1)
- cyclicity (1)
- decision making (1)
- deconfinement phase transition (1)
- deductive parsing (1)
- dense (1)
- density perturbations (1)
- detector (1)
- deuteron (1)
- deutsch (1)
- dilepton (1)
- dileptons (1)
- direct democracy (1)
- directed flow (1)
- drug development (1)
- dynamic programming (1)
- early freeze–out (1)
- early modern english (1)
- education (1)
- educational proposals (1)
- elastic particle (1)
- electron (1)
- electron-phonon interactions (1)
- electronic band structure (1)
- electronic pen (1)
- electrophysiology (1)
- elliptic flow analysis (1)
- energie (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- epp (1)
- equality (1)
- ergativity (1)
- etravirine (1)
- event-by-event fluctuations (1)
- exotic matter (1)
- exotische Materie (1)
- experimental results (1)
- extra dimension (1)
- families of hash functions (1)
- features (1)
- femtoscopy data (1)
- fermentation (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- finite resolution (1)
- finite temperature (1)
- flavour model (1)
- flow (1)
- flow of nucleons (1)
- fluctuations (1)
- forest dynamics (1)
- formalismes grammaticaux (1)
- formate oxidation (1)
- freezeout (1)
- frontotemporal dementia (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- functional connectome acute (1)
- gastrointestinal drugs (1)
- gauge/gravity duality (1)
- gender (1)
- gene flow (1)
- general cognitive ability (1)
- german (1)
- global change (1)
- gluon plasma (1)
- gradience grammar (1)
- grammaires d’arbres (1)
- grammar formalism (1)
- grammaticality (1)
- graphene (1)
- gravitational radiation (1)
- großer hadron collider (1)
- guanylyl cyclase (GCY) (1)
- gyromagnetic moment (1)
- hadron hadron Kollision (1)
- hadron hadron collision (1)
- hadron interaction models (1)
- hadron matter (1)
- hadron yield (1)
- hadronic freeze-out (1)
- hadronic model (1)
- hard-core (1)
- have (1)
- heavy Hagedorn states (1)
- heavy-flavor quarks (1)
- heiße Kernmaterie (1)
- heiße Materie (1)
- heiße Pion Materie (1)
- heiße hadronic Materie (1)
- heiße und dichte Kernmaterie (1)
- heiße und dichte Materie (1)
- helicity amplitude analysis (1)
- herpes simplex virus type 1 (1)
- herpes simplex virus type 2 (1)
- hheterostructures (1)
- hidden Markov model (1)
- hidden charm production (1)
- hierarchies (1)
- high energie (1)
- high energy (1)
- high energy cosmic ray (1)
- high-energy nuclear collisions (1)
- highly regular nearby points (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- hitze (1)
- hohe Energie (1)
- holistic treatment (1)
- homogene Nukleation (1)
- hot (1)
- hot and dense matter (1)
- hot and dense nuclear matter (1)
- hot hadronic matter (1)
- hot hypernuclear matter (1)
- hot matter (1)
- hot pion matter (1)
- human capital investment (1)
- human intestinal fluid (1)
- hybrid approach to air shower simulations (1)
- hybrid regimes (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- hydrogenation of CO2 (1)
- hypermatter (1)
- hyperonic Materie (1)
- hyperonic matter (1)
- hypertrophy (1)
- hypervariable region (1)
- ideal gas (1)
- ideales Gas (1)
- in silico tools (1)
- in-medium decay (1)
- in-medium properties (1)
- inclusive reaction (1)
- incremental schemes (1)
- individual differences (1)
- individual-based models (1)
- inner product (1)
- innovations (1)
- integer points (1)
- integer vector (1)
- integro-differential equation (1)
- inter-individual variability (1)
- internalin B (1)
- intervenciones cognitivas (1)
- intracellular (1)
- introgression (1)
- inverse coefficient problem, (1)
- inverse slope parameter (1)
- irreversibility state (1)
- kaons (1)
- kinetisches Ausfrieren (1)
- kinetisches Modell (1)
- knockout (1)
- kollektive strom (1)
- kollidieren (1)
- lange hadron collider (1)
- language change (1)
- large hadron collider (1)
- lattice field theory (1)
- lead (1)
- light ecology (1)
- live-cell imaging (1)
- local field potentials (1)
- local randomness (1)
- logarithmic geometry (1)
- long wh-movement (1)
- long36 term protection (1)
- longitudinal flow (1)
- loving-kindness meditation (1)
- low energy hadronic model (1)
- lower bounds (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lung development (1)
- légère sensibilité au contexte (1)
- machine learning (1)
- many-body correlations (1)
- mass spectra (1)
- maximum recoverable strain (1)
- meditación de bondad amorosa (1)
- memory-based learning (1)
- meson mass (1)
- metagrammars (1)
- methyltransferase (1)
- micropillar compression (1)
- microscopic transport theory (1)
- middle english (1)
- migrants’ language (1)
- mikroskopische Transporttheorie (1)
- mild context-sensitivity (1)
- minimal length (1)
- minimale Länge (1)
- mixing of hadron sources (1)
- modeling & simulation (1)
- moiré patterns (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- multi-drug treatment (1)
- multi-ethnolect (1)
- multicluster fission (1)
- multicomponent rewriting (1)
- muon (1)
- mutation parameter estimation (1)
- métagrammaires (1)
- nano-sized drugs (1)
- natural regeneration (1)
- natürliche Regeneration (1)
- neural nets (1)
- neuronal coherence (1)
- neutron and proton chemical potential (1)
- neutron stars (1)
- non-archimedean geometry (1)
- non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- non-equilibrium quantum field dynamics (1)
- non-malleability (1)
- nuclear (1)
- nuclear cold fission (1)
- nuclear shadowing (1)
- nuclear system (1)
- nucleus-nucleus collisions (1)
- offene charm Produktion (1)
- old english (1)
- one-way functions (1)
- open and hidden charm (1)
- open and hidden charm production (1)
- open charm production (1)
- open charm yield (1)
- opportunity structures (1)
- optimal transport (1)
- ordre des mots (1)
- orientation behavior (1)
- p p (1)
- pH (1)
- pQCD (1)
- pair HMM (1)
- parliaments (1)
- particle distribution (1)
- particle number fluctuations (1)
- particle ratios (1)
- partonic (1)
- passives (1)
- patrimonial and legal-rational bureaucratic domination (1)
- perceptual closure (1)
- percolation (1)
- perfect (1)
- person splits (1)
- perturbative Quantum Chromodynamic (1)
- pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phi-features (1)
- phonology (1)
- phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- photon (1)
- phytosociological databank (1)
- pion (1)
- pion gas (1)
- pions (1)
- polnisch (1)
- polyQ (1)
- polynomial random number generator (1)
- population genomics (1)
- post-2020 biodiversity targets (1)
- power (1)
- pp modification (1)
- precision weighting (1)
- prediction error (1)
- predictive coding (1)
- predictive modelling (1)
- predictive processing (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- prion-like (1)
- pro-domain (1)
- pro-enzyme (1)
- production of pentaquark (1)
- protein aggregation (1)
- pseudoelasticity (1)
- public opinion (1)
- pulsed SILAC (1)
- quantum chromodynamics (1)
- quark antiquark (1)
- quark gluon Plasma (1)
- quark mass (1)
- quark-meson coupling model (1)
- quarkonium (1)
- question formation (1)
- random function generator (1)
- random number generator (1)
- range concatenation grammar (1)
- reassembly (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase activation (1)
- regeneration niche (1)
- regulatory science (1)
- reich (1)
- relativistic fluid of quarks (1)
- relativistic heavy ion collider (1)
- relativistic heavy ions (1)
- relativistic nuclear collisions (1)
- relativistischer Schwerionen-Zusammenstoßer (1)
- remote collaboration (1)
- rent seeking (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance (1)
- resistance mutation (1)
- resting state (1)
- resting-state (1)
- resultative (1)
- rho meson (1)
- rhodesain (1)
- rich (1)
- robust parsing (1)
- root classes (1)
- saddle point shapes (1)
- scalar potential (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- schwarzes Loch (1)
- schwere Hagedorn Zustände (1)
- schwere Ione (1)
- schwere Ionen Kollision (1)
- schweres Ion (1)
- scrambling (1)
- second cluster integral (1)
- security analysis of protocols (1)
- security of data (1)
- semantics (1)
- semidefinite optimization (1)
- sensory acquisition (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- shared application (1)
- shell eyes (1)
- short integer relation (1)
- short linear motif (1)
- signature size (1)
- similarity-based learning (1)
- single block replacement (1)
- single-molecule FRET (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- sleep (1)
- small intestine (1)
- social investment (1)
- social investment (1)
- social structure (1)
- space-momentum correlation (1)
- space-time (1)
- speciation (1)
- spectra (1)
- speech tagging (1)
- spinocerebellar ataxia (1)
- stabile kalte Kerne (1)
- stable cold nuclear matter (1)
- statistical alignment (1)
- statistical model (1)
- statistical production of charmonia (1)
- stochastic population dynamics (1)
- stomach (1)
- storage optimization (1)
- strange (1)
- strange quark star (1)
- strangeness (1)
- strategic site selection (1)
- stress granules (1)
- stress patterns (1)
- subgroup growth (1)
- subject inversion (1)
- substitution attacks (1)
- sulfur (1)
- superheavy (1)
- superheavy nuclei (1)
- superschwer (1)
- superschwere Kerne (1)
- supersymmetric particle (1)
- symmetry potential (1)
- synaesthesia (1)
- syntactic decomposition (1)
- system (1)
- therapeutic equivalence (1)
- therapy evasion (1)
- thermal (1)
- thermosensation (1)
- thermotaxis (1)
- time pressure (1)
- tones (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trans (1)
- transition-metal oxides (1)
- transport models (1)
- transverse flow (1)
- trauma-related guilt (1)
- trauma-related shame (1)
- treatment protocol design (1)
- treatment success (1)
- tree-based grammars (1)
- trees (1)
- triplex (1)
- tropical geometry (1)
- tropical universal Jacobian (1)
- tropicalization (1)
- true ternary fission (1)
- ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision (1)
- ultrarelativistic (1)
- ultrarelativistic energie (1)
- ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision (1)
- ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision (1)
- ultrarelativistische Kollision des schweren Ionen (1)
- ultrarelativistische energie (1)
- ultrarelativistische schwere Ion Kollision (1)
- universal compactified Jacobian (1)
- value-added chemicals (1)
- van der Waals (1)
- vector mesons (1)
- vector potential (1)
- vergüenza asociada a trauma (1)
- vocalization production; (1)
- von Neumann algebras (1)
- welfare state (1)
- welfare state reform (1)
- whole-cell catalysis (1)
- whole-genome sequencing (1)
- word order (1)
- word order variation (1)
- zweite Gruppenintegral (1)
- zymogen (1)
- Österreich (1)
- Übertragung <Psychologie> (1)
Institute
- Physik (1235)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (821)
- Informatik (746)
- Medizin (171)
- Extern (82)
- Ernst Strüngmann Institut (68)
- Biowissenschaften (67)
- Psychologie (46)
- MPI für Hirnforschung (45)
- Mathematik (44)
Measurements of the production cross sections of prompt D0, D+, D∗+, D+s, Λ+c, and Ξ+c charm hadrons at midrapidity in proton−proton collisions at s√=13 TeV with the ALICE detector are presented. The D-meson cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) are provided with improved precision and granularity. The ratios of pT-differential meson production cross sections based on this publication and on measurements at different rapidity and collision energy provide a constraint on gluon parton distribution functions at low values of Bjorken-x (10−5−10−4). The measurements of Λ+c (Ξ+c) baryon production extend the measured pT intervals down to pT=0(3)~GeV/c. These measurements are used to determine the charm-quark fragmentation fractions and the cc¯¯ production cross section at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) based on the sum of the cross sections of the weakly-decaying ground-state charm hadrons D0, D+, D+s, Λ+c, Ξ0c and, for the first time, Ξ+c, and of the strongly-decaying J/psi mesons. The first measurements of Ξ+c and Σ0,++c fragmentation fractions at midrapidity are also reported. A significantly larger fraction of charm quarks hadronising to baryons is found compared to e+e− and ep collisions. The cc¯¯ production cross section at midrapidity is found to be at the upper bound of state-of-the-art perturbative QCD calculations.
The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√= 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope rNorm3 is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to rNorm2, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, rNorm2 can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (fCMW) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for fCMW, and in the 10-60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.
Measurements of charged-particle production in pp, p−Pb, and Pb−Pb collisions in the toward, away, and transverse regions with the ALICE detector are discussed. These regions are defined event-by-event relative to the azimuthal direction of the charged trigger particle, which is the reconstructed particle with the largest transverse momentum (ptrigT) in the range 8<ptrigT<15 GeV/c. The toward and away regions contain the primary and recoil jets, respectively; both regions are accompanied by the underlying event (UE). In contrast, the transverse region perpendicular to the direction of the trigger particle is dominated by the so-called UE dynamics, and includes also contributions from initial- and final-state radiation. The relative transverse activity classifier, RT=NTch/⟨NTch⟩, is used to group events according to their UE activity, where NTch is the charged-particle multiplicity per event in the transverse region and ⟨NTch⟩ is the mean value over the whole analysed sample. The energy dependence of the RT distributions in pp collisions at s√=2.76, 5.02, 7, and 13 TeV is reported, exploring the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling properties of the multiplicity distributions. The first measurements of charged-particle pT spectra as a function of RT in the three azimuthal regions in pp, p−Pb, and Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV are also reported. Data are compared with predictions obtained from the event generators PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC. This set of measurements is expected to contribute to the understanding of the origin of collective-like effects in small collision systems (pp and p−Pb).
The elliptic flow (v2) of D0 mesons from beauty-hadron decays (non-prompt D0) was measured in midcentral (30-50%) Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D0 mesons were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) from their hadronic decay D0→K−π+, in the transverse momentum interval 2<pT<12 GeV/c. The result indicates a positive v2 for non-prompt D0 mesons with a significance of 2.7σ. The non-prompt D0-meson v2 is lower than that of prompt non-strange D mesons with 3.2σ significance in 2<pT<8 GeV/c, and compatible with the v2 of beauty-decay electrons. Theoretical calculations of beauty-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
Although iron-based catalysts are regarded as a promising alternative to precious metal catalysts, their precise electronic structures during catalysis still pose challenges for computational descriptions. A particularly urgent question is the influence of the environment on the electronic structure, and how to describe this properly with computational methods. Here, we study an iron porphyrin chloride complex adsorbed on a graphene sheet using density functional theory calculations to detail how much the electronic structure is influenced by the presence of a graphene layer. Our results indicate that weak interactions due to van der Waals forces dominate between the porphyrin complex and graphene, and only a small amount of charge is transferred between the two entities. Furthermore, the interplay of the ligand field environment, strong p − d hybridization, and correlation effects within the complex are strongly involved in determining the spin state of the iron ion. By bridging molecular chemistry and solid state physics, this study provides first steps towards a joint analysis of the properties of iron-based catalysts from first principles.
Studying the neural basis of human dynamic visual perception requires extensive experimental data to evaluate the large swathes of functionally diverse brain neural networks driven by perceiving visual events. Here, we introduce the BOLD Moments Dataset (BMD), a repository of whole-brain fMRI responses to over 1,000 short (3s) naturalistic video clips of visual events across ten human subjects. We use the videos’ extensive metadata to show how the brain represents word- and sentence-level descriptions of visual events and identify correlates of video memorability scores extending into the parietal cortex. Furthermore, we reveal a match in hierarchical processing between cortical regions of interest and video-computable deep neural networks, and we showcase that BMD successfully captures temporal dynamics of visual events at second resolution. With its rich metadata, BMD offers new perspectives and accelerates research on the human brain basis of visual event perception.
The ubiquitin (Ub) code denotes the complex Ub architectures, including Ub chains of different length, linkage-type and linkage combinations, which enable ubiquitination to control a wide range of protein fates. Although many linkage-specific interactors have been described, how interactors are able to decode more complex architectures is not fully understood. We conducted a Ub interactor screen, in humans and yeast, using Ub chains of varying length, as well as, homotypic and heterotypic branched chains of the two most abundant linkage types – K48- and K63-linked Ub. We identified some of the first K48/K63 branch-specific Ub interactors, including histone ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP10/ARTD10, E3 ligase UBR4 and huntingtin-interacting protein HIP1. Furthermore, we revealed the importance of chain length by identifying interactors with a preference for Ub3 over Ub2 chains, including Ub-directed endoprotease DDI2, autophagy receptor CCDC50 and p97-adaptor FAF1. Crucially, we compared datasets collected using two common DUB inhibitors – Chloroacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide. This revealed inhibitor-dependent interactors, highlighting the importance of inhibitor consideration during pulldown studies. This dataset is a key resource for understanding how the Ub code is read.
Zinc finger (ZnF) domains appear in a pool of structural contexts and despite their small size achieve varying target specificities, covering single-stranded and double-stranded DNA and RNA as well as proteins. Combined with other RNA-binding domains, ZnFs enhance affinity and specificity of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The ZnF-containing immunoregulatory RBP Roquin initiates mRNA decay, thereby controlling the adaptive immune system. Its unique ROQ domain shape-specifically recognizes stem-looped cis-elements in mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (UTR). The N-terminus of Roquin contains a RING domain for protein-protein interactions and a ZnF, which was suggested to play an essential role in RNA decay by Roquin. The ZnF domain boundaries, its RNA motif preference and its interplay with the ROQ domain have remained elusive, also driven by the lack of high-resolution data of the challenging protein. We provide the solution structure of the Roquin-1 ZnF and use an RBNS-NMR pipeline to show that the ZnF recognizes AU-rich elements (ARE). We systematically refine the contributions of adenines in a poly(U)-background to specific complex formation. With the simultaneous binding of ROQ and ZnF to a natural target transcript of Roquin, our study for the first time suggests how Roquin integrates RNA shape and sequence specificity through the ROQ-ZnF tandem.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in modulating physiological responses and serve as the main drug target. Specifically, salmeterol and salbutamol which are used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, exert their effects by activating the GPCR β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). In our study, we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with the Martini 3 force field to investigate the dynamics of drug molecules in membranes in presence and absence of β2AR. Our simulations reveal that in more than 50% of the flip-flop events the drug molecules use the β2AR surface to permeate the membrane. The pathway along the GPCR surface is significantly more energetically favorable for the drug molecules, which was revealed by umbrella sampling simulations along spontaneous flip-flop pathways. Furthermore, we assessed the behavior of drugs with intracellular targets, such as kinase inhibitors, whose therapeutic efficacy could benefit from this observation. In summary, our results show that β2AR surface interactions can significantly enhance membrane permeation of drugs, emphasizing their potential for consideration in future drug development strategies.
Motivated by the question of the impact of selective advantage in populations with skewed reproduction mechanims, we study a Moran model with selection. We assume that there are two types of individuals, where the reproductive success of one type is larger than the other. The higher reproductive success may stem from either more frequent reproduction, or from larger numbers of offspring, and is encoded in a measure Λ for each of the two types. Our approach consists of constructing a Λ-asymmetric Moran model in which individuals of the two populations compete, rather than considering a Moran model for each population. Under certain conditions, that we call the "partial order of adaptation", we can couple these measures. This allows us to construct the central object of this paper, the Λ−asymmetric ancestral selection graph, leading to a pathwise duality of the forward in time Λ-asymmetric Moran model with its ancestral process. Interestingly, the construction also provides a connection to the theory of optimal transport. We apply the ancestral selection graph in order to obtain scaling limits of the forward and backward processes, and note that the frequency process converges to the solution of an SDE with discontinous paths. Finally, we derive a Griffiths representation for the generator of the SDE and use it to find a semi-explicit formula for the probability of fixation of the less beneficial of the two types.
The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet suppression using pp and Pb−Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and R= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in central (0−10%), semi-central (30−50%), and peripheral (60−80%) Pb−Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to the lowest jet pT≥40 GeV/c at R=0.6 in central Pb−Pb collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching models with varying levels of agreement.
The two-particle momentum correlation functions between charm mesons (D∗± and D±) and charged light-flavor mesons (π± and K±) in all charge-combinations are measured for the first time by the ALICE Collaboration in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV. For DK and D∗K pairs, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the residual strong interaction based on quantum chromodynamics calculations on the lattice and chiral effective field theory. In the case of Dπ and D∗π pairs, tension between the calculations including strong interactions and the measurement is observed. For all particle pairs, the data can be adequately described by Coulomb interaction only, indicating a shallow interaction between charm and light-flavor mesons. Finally, the scattering lengths governing the residual strong interaction of the Dπ and D∗π systems are determined by fitting the experimental correlation functions with a model that employs a Gaussian potential. The extracted values are small and compatible with zero.
Here, we introduce racoon_clip, a sustainable and fully automated pipeline for the complete processing of iCLIP and eCLIP data to extract RNA binding signal at single-nucleotide resolution. racoon_clip is easy to install and execute, with multiple pre-settings and fully customizable parameters, and outputs a conclusive summary report with visualizations and statistics for all analysis steps.
We prove that the projectivized strata of differentials are not contained in pointed Brill-Noether divisors, with only a few exceptions. For a generic element in a stratum of differentials, we show that many of the associated pointed Brill-Noether loci are of expected dimension. We use our results to study the Auel-Haburcak Conjecture: We obtain new non-containments between maximal Brill-Noether loci in Mg. Our results regarding quadratic differentials imply that the quadratic strata in genus 6 are uniruled.
For genus g=r(r+1)2+1, we prove that via the forgetful map, the universal Prym-Brill-Noether locus Rrg has a unique irreducible component dominating the moduli space Rg of Prym curves.
Can prediction error explain predictability effects on the N1 during picture-word verification?
(2024)
Do early effects of predictability in visual word recognition reflect prediction error? Electrophysiological research investigating word processing has demonstrated predictability effects in the N1, or first negative component of the event-related potential (ERP). However, findings regarding the magnitude of effects and potential interactions of predictability with lexical variables have been inconsistent. Moreover, past studies have typically used categorical designs with relatively small samples and relied on by-participant analyses. Nevertheless, reports have generally shown that predicted words elicit less negative-going (i.e., lower amplitude) N1s, a pattern consistent with a simple predictive coding account. In our preregistered study, we tested this account via the interaction between prediction magnitude and certainty. A picture-word verification paradigm was implemented in which pictures were followed by tightly matched picture-congruent or picture-incongruent written nouns. The predictability of target (picture-congruent) nouns was manipulated continuously based on norms of association between a picture and its name. ERPs from 68 participants revealed a pattern of effects opposite to that expected under a simple predictive coding framework.
The hippocampal-dependent memory system and striatal-dependent memory system modulate reinforcement learning depending on feedback timing in adults, but their contributions during development remain unclear. In a 2-year longitudinal study, 6-to-7-year-old children performed a reinforcement learning task in which they received feedback immediately or with a short delay following their response. Children’s learning was found to be sensitive to feedback timing modulations in their reaction time and inverse temperature parameter, which quantifies value-guided decision-making. They showed longitudinal improvements towards more optimal value-based learning, and their hippocampal volume showed protracted maturation. Better delayed model-derived learning covaried with larger hippocampal volume longitudinally, in line with the adult literature. In contrast, a larger striatal volume in children was associated with both better immediate and delayed model-derived learning longitudinally. These findings show, for the first time, an early hippocampal contribution to the dynamic development of reinforcement learning in middle childhood, with neurally less differentiated and more cooperative memory systems than in adults.
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a widely used technique for the characterization of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. It provides information on the stoichiometry, affinity, and the thermodynamic driving forces of interactions. This chapter exemplifies the use of ITC to investigate interactions between human autophagy modifiers (LC3/GABARAP proteins) and their interaction partners, the LIR motif containing sequences. The purpose of this report is to present a detailed protocol for the production of LC3/GABARAP-interacting LIR peptides using E. coli expression systems. In addition, we outline the design of ITC experiments using the LC3/GABARAP:peptide interactions as an example. Comprehensive troubleshooting notes are provided to facilitate the adaptation of these protocols to different ligand-receptor systems. The methodology outlined for studying protein-ligand interactions will help to avoid common errors and misinterpretations of experimental results.
For genus g=2i≥4 and the length g−1 partition μ=(4,2,…,2,−2,…,−2) of 0, we compute the first coefficients of the class of D¯¯¯¯(μ) in PicQ(R¯¯¯¯g), where D(μ) is the divisor consisting of pairs [C,η]∈Rg with η≅OC(2x1+x2+⋯+xi−1−xi−⋯−x2i−1) for some points x1,…,x2i−1 on C. We further provide several enumerative results that will be used for this computation.
The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A major roadblock in the epitranscriptomics field is the lack of transcriptome-wide methods to detect more than a single RNA modification type at a time, identify RNA modifications in individual molecules, and estimate modification stoichiometry accurately. We address these issues with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current), a new method that concurrently detects N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual RNA molecules from the same sample, as well as differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals with convolutional neural networks to achieve high single-molecule accuracy and outperforms other methods in detecting m6A and m5C sites and quantifying their stoichiometry. CHEUI’s unique capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a non-random co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in mRNA transcripts in cell lines and tissues. CHEUI unlocks an unprecedented potential to study RNA modification configurations and discover new epitranscriptome functions.
The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A major roadblock in the epitranscriptomics field is the lack of transcriptome-wide methods to detect more than a single RNA modification type at a time, identify RNA modifications in individual molecules, and estimate modification stoichiometry accurately. We address these issues with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current), a new method that concurrently detects N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual RNA molecules from the same sample, as well as differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals with convolutional neural networks to achieve high single-molecule accuracy and outperforms other methods in detecting m6A and m5C sites and quantifying their stoichiometry. CHEUI’s unique capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a non-random co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in mRNA transcripts in cell lines and tissues. CHEUI unlocks an unprecedented potential to study RNA modification configurations and discover new epitranscriptome functions.
The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A major roadblock in the epitranscriptomics field is the lack of transcriptome-wide methods to detect more than a single RNA modification type at a time, identify RNA modifications in individual molecules, and estimate modification stoichiometry accurately. We address these issues with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current), a new method that concurrently detects N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual RNA molecules from the same sample, as well as differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals with convolutional neural networks to achieve high single-molecule accuracy and outperforms other methods in detecting m6A and m5C sites and quantifying their stoichiometry. CHEUI’s unique capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a non-random co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in mRNA transcripts in cell lines and tissues. CHEUI unlocks an unprecedented potential to study RNA modification configurations and discover new epitranscriptome functions.
Upon infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) releases its cone-shaped capsid into the cytoplasm of infected T-cells and macrophages. As its largest known cargo, the capsid enters the nuclear pore complex (NPC), driven by interactions with numerous FG-repeat nucleoporins (FG-Nups). Whether NPCs structurally adapt to capsid passage and whether capsids are modified during passage remains unknown, however. Here, we combined super-resolution and correlative microscopy with cryo electron tomography and molecular simulations to study nuclear entry of HIV-1 capsids in primary human macrophages. We found that cytosolically bound cyclophilin A is stripped off capsids entering the NPC, and the capsid hexagonal lattice remains largely intact inside and beyond the central channel. Strikingly, the NPC scaffold rings frequently crack during capsid passage, consistent with computer simulations indicating the need for NPC widening. The unique cone shape of the HIV-1 capsid facilitates its entry into NPCs and helps to crack their rings.
Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) describe the microhabitats that a tree can provide for a multitude of other taxonomic groups and have been proposed as an important indicator for forest biodiversity (Asbeck et al., 2021). So far, the focus of TreM studies has been on temperate forests, although many trees in the tropics harbour exceptionally high numbers of TreMs. In this study, TreMs in the lowland tropical forests of the Choco (Ecuador) and in the mountain tropical forests of Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) were surveyed. Our results extend the existing typology of TreMs of Larrieu et al. (2018) to include tropical forests and enabled a comparison of the relative recordings and diversity of TreMs between tropical and temperate forests. A new TreM form, Root formations, and three new TreM groups, concavities build by fruits or leaves, dendrotelms, and root formations, were established. In total, 15 new TreM types in five different TreM groups were specified. The relative recordings of most TreMs were similar between tropical and temperate forests. However, ivy and lianas, and ferns were more common in the lowland rainforest than in temperate forests, and bark microsoil, limb breakage, and foliose and fruticose lichens in tropical montane forest than in lowland rainforest. Mountain tropical forests hosted the highest diversity for common and dominant TreM types, and lowland tropical forest the highest diversity for rare TreMs. Our extended typology of tree-related microhabitats can support studies of forest-dwelling biodiversity in tropical forests. Specifically, given the ongoing threat to tropical forests, TreMs can serve as an additional tool allowing rapid assessments of biodiversity in these hyperdiverse ecosystems.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators in many biological processes. They act by guiding RNA-induced silencing complexes to miRNA response elements (MREs) in target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation. Functional MREs are expected to predominantly occur in the 3' untranslated region and involve perfect base-pairing of the miRNA seed. Here, we generate a high-resolution map of miR-181a/b-1 (miR-181) MREs to define the targeting rules of miR-181 in developing murine T-cells. By combining a multi-omics approach with computational high-resolution analyses, we uncover novel miR-181 targets and demonstrate that miR-181 acts predominantly through RNA destabilization. Importantly, we discover an alternative seed match and identify a distinct set of targets with repeat elements in the coding sequence which are targeted by miR-181 and mediate translational inhibition. In conclusion, deep profiling of MREs in primary cells is critical to expand physiologically relevant targetomes and establish context-dependent miRNA targeting rules.
This Letter presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of the net number (difference between the particle and antiparticle multiplicities) of multistrange hadrons Ξ− and Ξ¯¯¯¯+ and its correlation with the net-kaon number using the data collected by the ALICE Collaboration in pp, p−Pb, and Pb−Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The statistical hadronization model with a correlation over three units of rapidity between hadrons having the same and opposite strangeness content successfully describes the results. On the other hand, string-fragmentation models that mainly correlate strange hadrons with opposite strange quark content over a small rapidity range fail to describe the data.
he first measurement of 3ΛH and 3Λ¯¯¯¯H¯¯¯¯ differential production with respect to transverse momentum and centrality in Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02~TeV is presented. The 3ΛH has been reconstructed via its two-charged-body decay channel, i.e., 3ΛH→3He+π−. A Blast-Wave model fit of the pT-differential spectra of all nuclear species measured by the ALICE collaboration suggests that the 3ΛH kinetic freeze-out surface is consistent with that of other nuclei. The ratio between the integrated yields of 3ΛH and 3He is compared to predictions from the statistical hadronisation model and the coalescence model, with the latter being favoured by the presented measurements.
First measurements of hadron(h)−Λ azimuthal angular correlations in p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. These correlations are used to separate the production of associated Λ baryons into three different kinematic regions, namely those produced in the direction of the trigger particle (near-side), those produced in the opposite direction (away-side), and those whose production is uncorrelated with the jet-axis (underlying event). The per-trigger associated Λ yields in these regions are extracted, along with the near- and away-side azimuthal peak widths, and the results are studied as a function of associated particle pT and event multiplicity. Comparisons with the DPMJET event generator and previous measurements of the ϕ(1020) meson are also made. The final results indicate that strangeness production in the highest multiplicity p−Pb collisions is enhanced relative to low multiplicity collisions in the jet-like regions, as well as the underlying event. The production of Λ relative to charged hadrons is also enhanced in the underlying event when compared to the jet-like regions. Additionally, the results hint that strange quark production in the away-side of the jet is modified by soft interactions with the underlying event.
Upon infection of host cells, Legionella pneumophila releases a multitude of effector enzymes into the cells cytoplasm that hijack a plethora of cellular activities, including the hosts ubiquitination pathways. Effectors belonging to the SidE-family are involved in non-canonical serine phosphoribosyl ubiquitination of host substrate proteins contributing to the formation of a Legionella-containing vacuole that is crucial in the onset of Legionnaires’ disease. This dynamic process is reversed by effectors called Dups that hydrolyse the phosphodiester in the phosphoribosyl ubiquitinated protein. We installed reactive warheads on chemically prepared ribosylated ubiquitin to generate a set of probes targeting these Legionella enzymes. In vitro tests on recombinant DupA revealed that a vinyl sulfonate warhead was most efficient in covalent complex formation. Mutagenesis and x-ray crystallography approaches were used to identify the site of covalent crosslinking to be an allosteric cysteine residue. The subsequent application of this probe highlights the potential to selectively enrich the Dup enzymes from Legionella-infected cell lysates.
The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A significant roadblock hindering progress in epitranscriptomics is the identification of more than one modification in individual transcript molecules. We address this with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current). CHEUI predicts N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual molecules from the same sample, the stoichiometry at transcript reference sites, and differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals to achieve high single-molecule, transcript-site, and stoichiometry accuracies in multiple tests using synthetic RNA standards and cell line data. CHEUI’s capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in individual mRNAs in cell line and tissue transcriptomes. CHEUI provides new avenues to discover and study the function of the epitranscriptome.
Microbial rhodopsins are omnipresent on Earth, however the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Here we describe a new rhodopsin clade from cold-adapted organisms and cold environments, such as glaciers, denoted as CryoRhodopsins (CryoRs). Our data suggest that CryoRs have photosensory activity. A distinguishing feature of the clade is the presence of a buried arginine residue close to the cytoplasmic face of its members. Combining single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography with the rhodopsin activation by light, we demonstrate that the arginine stabilizes a strongly blue-shifted intermediate of an extremely slow CryoRhodopsin photocycle. Together with extensive spectroscopic characterization, our investigations on CryoR1 and CryoR2 proteins reveal mechanisms of photoswitching in the newly identified clade and demonstrate principles of the adaptation of these rhodopsins to low temperatures.
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) constitute giant channels within the nuclear envelope that mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. NPC diameter is thought to be regulated by nuclear envelope tension, but how such diameter changes are physiologically linked to cell differentiation, where mechanical properties of nuclei are remodeled and nuclear mechanosensing occurs, remains unstudied. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to show that NPCs dilate during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neural progenitors. In Nup133-deficient cells, which are known to display impaired neural differentiation, NPCs however fail to dilate. By analyzing the architectures of individual NPCs with template matching, we revealed that the Nup133-deficient NPCs are structurally heterogeneous and frequently disintegrate, resulting in the formation of large nuclear envelope openings. We propose that the elasticity of the NPC scaffold mechanically safeguards the nuclear envelope. Our studies provide a molecular explanation for how genetic perturbation of scaffolding components of macromolecular complexes causes tissue-specific phenotypes.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
Measurements of (anti)deuteron and (anti)3He production in the rapidity range |y|< 0.5 as a function of the transverse momentum and event multiplicity in Xe−Xe collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon−nucleon pair of sNN−−−√ = 5.44 TeV are presented. The coalescence parameters B2 and B3 are measured as a function of the transverse momentum per nucleon. The ratios between (anti)deuteron and (anti)3He yields and those of (anti)protons and pions are reported as a function of the mean charged-particle multiplicity density, and compared with two implementations of the statistical hadronization model (SHM) and with coalescence predictions. The elliptic flow of (anti)deuterons is measured for the first time in Xe−Xe collisions and shows features similar to those already observed in Pb−Pb collisions, i.e., the mass ordering at low transverse momentum and the meson−baryon grouping at intermediate transverse momentum. The production of nuclei is particularly sensitive to the chemical freeze-out temperature of the system created in the collision, which is extracted from a grand-canonical-ensemble-based thermal fit, performed for the first time including light nuclei along with light-flavor hadrons in Xe−Xe collisions. The extracted chemical freeze-out temperature Tchem = (154.2 ± 1.1) MeV in Xe−Xe collisions is similar to that observed in Pb−Pb collisions and close to the crossover temperature predicted by lattice QCD calculations.
The transverse momentum (pT) differential production cross section of the promptly-produced charm-strange baryon Ξ0c (and its charge conjugate Ξ0c¯¯¯¯¯¯) is measured at midrapidity via its hadronic decay into π+Ξ− in p−Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon−nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ0c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and p−Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of Λ+c baryons. The ratios between the pT-differential production cross section of Ξ0c baryons and those of D0 mesons and Λ+c baryons are also reported and compared with results at forward and backward rapidity from the LHCb Collaboration. The measurements of the production cross section of prompt Ξ0c baryons are compared with a model based on perturbative QCD calculations of charm-quark production cross sections, which includes only cold nuclear matter effects in p−Pb collisions, and underestimates the measurement by a factor of about 50. This discrepancy is reduced when the data is compared with a model in which hadronisation is implemented via quark coalescence. The pT-integrated cross section of prompt Ξ0c-baryon production at midrapidity extrapolated down to pT = 0 is also reported. These measurements offer insights and constraints for theoretical calculations of the hadronisation process. Additionally, they provide inputs for the calculation of the charm production cross section in p−Pb collisions at midrapidity.
Investigating strangeness enhancement with multiplicity in pp collisions using angular correlations
(2024)
A study of strange hadron production associated with hard scattering processes and with the underlying event is conducted to investigate the origin of the enhanced production of strange hadrons in small collision systems characterised by large charged-particle multiplicities. For this purpose, the production of the single-strange meson K0S and the double-strange baryon Ξ± is measured, in each event, in the azimuthal direction of the highest-pT particle (``trigger" particle), related to hard scattering processes, and in the direction transverse to it in azimuth, associated with the underlying event, in pp collisions at s√=5.02 TeV and s√=13 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The per-trigger yields of K0S and Ξ± are dominated by the transverse-to-leading production (i.e., in the direction transverse to the trigger particle), whose contribution relative to the toward-leading production is observed to increase with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The transverse-to-leading and the toward-leading Ξ±/K0S yield ratios increase with the multiplicity of charged particles, suggesting that strangeness enhancement with multiplicity is associated with both hard scattering processes and the underlying event. The relative production of Ξ± with respect to K0S is higher in transverse-to-leading processes over the whole multiplicity interval covered by the measurement. The K0S and Ξ± per-trigger yields and yield ratios are compared with predictions of three different phenomenological models, namely PYTHIA 8.2 with the Monash tune, PYTHIA 8.2 with ropes and EPOS LHC. The comparison shows that none of them can quantitatively describe either the transverse-to-leading or the toward-leading yields of K0S and Ξ±.
The first measurement of the impact-parameter dependent angular anisotropy in the decay of coherently photoproduced ρ0 mesons is presented. The ρ0 mesons are reconstructed through their decay into a pion pair. The measured anisotropy corresponds to the amplitude of the cos(2ϕ) modulation, where ϕ is the angle between the two vectors formed by the sum and the difference of the transverse momenta of the pions, respectively. The measurement was performed by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC using data from ultraperipheral Pb−Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. Different impact-parameter regions are selected by classifying the events in nuclear-breakup classes. The amplitude of the cos(2ϕ) modulation is found to increase by about one order of magnitude from large to small impact parameters. Theoretical calculations, which describe the measurement, explain the cos(2ϕ) anisotropy as the result of a quantum interference effect at the femtometer scale that arises from the ambiguity as to which of the nuclei is the source of the photon in the interaction.
The production of K∗(892)± meson resonance is measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The resonance is reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K∗(892)±→K0Sπ±. The transverse momentum distributions are obtained for various centrality intervals in the pT range of 0.4-16 GeV/c. The reported measurements of integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and particle yield ratios are consistent with previous ALICE measurements for K∗(892)0. The pT-integrated yield ratio 2K∗(892)±/(K++K−) in central Pb-Pb collisions shows a significant suppression (9.3σ) relative to pp collisions. Thermal model calculations overpredict the particle yield ratio. Although both simulations consider the hadronic phase, only HRG-PCE accurately represents the measurements, whereas MUSIC+SMASH tends to overpredict them. These observations, along with the kinetic freeze-out temperatures extracted from the yields of light-flavored hadrons using the HRG-PCE model, indicate a finite hadronic phase lifetime, which increases towards central collisions. The pT-differential yield ratios 2K∗(892)±/(K++K−) and 2K∗(892)±/(π++π−) are suppressed by up to a factor of five at pT<2 GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions at s√= 5.02 TeV. Both particle ratios and are qualitatively consistent with expectations for rescattering effects in the hadronic phase. The nuclear modification factor shows a smooth evolution with centrality and is below unity at pT>8 GeV/c, consistent with measurements for other light-flavored hadrons. The smallest values are observed in most central collisions, indicating larger energy loss of partons traversing the dense medium.
Background: Trauma-related guilt and shame are crucial for the development and maintenance of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). We developed an intervention combining cognitive techniques with loving-kindness meditations (C-METTA) that specifically target these emotions. C-METTA is an intervention of six weekly individual treatment sessions followed by a four-week practice phase.
Objective: This study examined C-METTA in a proof-of-concept study within a randomized wait-list controlled trial.
Method: We randomly assigned 32 trauma-exposed patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis to C-METTA or a wait-list condition (WL). Primary outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD symptoms (CAPS-5) and trauma-related guilt and shame. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, self-criticism, well-being, and self-compassion. Outcomes were assessed before the intervention phase and after the practice phase.
Results: Mixed-design analyses showed greater reductions in C-METTA versus WL in clinician-rated PTSD symptoms (d = −1.09), guilt (d = −2.85), shame (d = −2.14), psychopathology and self-criticism.
Conclusion: Our findings support positive outcomes of C-METTA and might contribute to improved care for patients with stress-related disorders. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00023470).
HIGHLIGHTS
C-METTA is an intervention that addresses trauma-related guilt and shame and combines cognitive interventions with loving-kindness meditations.
A proof-of-concept study was conducted examining C-METTA in a wait-list randomized controlled trial
C-METTA led to reductions in trauma-related guilt and shame and PTSD symptoms.
The inclusive production of the charm-strange baryon Ω0c is measured for the first time via its semileptonic decay into Ω−e+νe at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ω0c → Ω−e+νe)/BR(Ω0c → Ω−π+) is measured to be 1.12 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.27 (syst.). Comparisons with other experimental measurements, as well as with theoretical calculations, are presented.
The knowledge of the material budget with a high precision is fundamental for measurements of direct photon production using the photon conversion method due to its direct impact on the total systematic uncertainty. Moreover, it influences many aspects of the charged-particle reconstruction performance. In this article, two procedures to determine data-driven corrections to the material-budget description in ALICE simulation software are developed. One is based on the precise knowledge of the gas composition in the Time Projection Chamber. The other is based on the robustness of the ratio between the produced number of photons and charged particles, to a large extent due to the approximate isospin symmetry in the number of produced neutral and charged pions. Both methods are applied to ALICE data allowing for a reduction of the overall material budget systematic uncertainty from 4.5% down to 2.5%. Using these methods, a locally correct material budget is also achieved. The two proposed methods are generic and can be applied to any experiment in a similar fashion.
The intense photon fluxes from relativistic nuclei provide an opportunity to study photonuclear interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. The measurement of coherently photoproduced π+π−π+π− final states in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV is presented for the first time. The cross section, dσ/dy, times the branching ratio (ρ→π+π+π−π−) is found to be 47.8±2.3 (stat.)±7.7 (syst.) mb in the rapidity interval |y|<0.5. The invariant mass distribution is not well described with a single Breit-Wigner resonance. The production of two interfering resonances, ρ(1450) and ρ(1700), provides a good description of the data. The values of the masses (m) and widths (Γ) of the resonances extracted from the fit are m1=1385±14 (stat.)±3 (syst.) MeV/c2, Γ1=431±36 (stat.)±82 (syst.) MeV/c2, m2=1663±13 (stat.)±22 (syst.) MeV/c2 and Γ2=357±31 (stat.)±49 (syst.) MeV/c2, respectively. The measured cross sections times the branching ratios are compared to recent theoretical predictions.
Measurements of the pT-dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV using azimuthal correlations with the ALICE experiment at the LHC are presented. A four-particle correlation approach [1] is used to quantify the effects of flow angle and magnitude fluctuations separately. This paper extends previous studies to additional centrality intervals and provides measurements of the pT-dependent flow vector fluctuations at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with two-particle correlations. Significant pT-dependent fluctuations of the V⃗ 2 flow vector in Pb-Pb collisions are found across different centrality ranges, with the largest fluctuations of up to ∼15% being present in the 5% most central collisions. In parallel, no evidence of significant pT-dependent fluctuations of V⃗ 3 or V⃗ 4 is found. Additionally, evidence of flow angle and magnitude fluctuations is observed with more than 5σ significance in central collisions. These observations in Pb-Pb collisions indicate where the classical picture of hydrodynamic modeling with a common symmetry plane breaks down. This has implications for hard probes at high pT, which might be biased by pT-dependent flow angle fluctuations of at least 23% in central collisions. Given the presented results, existing theoretical models should be re-examined to improve our understanding of initial conditions, quark--gluon plasma (QGP) properties, and the dynamic evolution of the created system.
Measurement of beauty-quark production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV via non-prompt D mesons
(2024)
The pT-differential production cross sections of non-prompt D0, D+, and D+s mesons originating from beauty-hadron decays are measured in proton−proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√ of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed at midrapidity, |y|<0.5, with the data sample collected by ALICE from 2016 to 2018. The results are in agreement with predictions from several perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of beauty quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is found to be 0.114±0.016 (stat.)±0.006 (syst.)±0.003 (BR)±0.003 (extrap.). This value is compatible with previous measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies and in different collision systems in agreement with the assumption of universality of fragmentation functions. In addition, the dependence of the non-prompt D meson production on the centre-of-mass energy is investigated by comparing the results obtained at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV, showing a hardening of the non-prompt D-meson pT-differential production cross section at higher s√. Finally, the bb¯¯¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity is calculated from the non-prompt D0, D+, D+s, and Λ+c hadron measurements, obtaining dσ/dy=75.2±3.2 (stat.)±5.2 (syst.)+12.3−3.2 (extrap.) μb.
The two-particle momentum correlation functions between charm mesons (D∗± and D±) and charged light-flavor mesons (π± and K±) in all charge-combinations are measured for the first time by the ALICE Collaboration in high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. For DK and D∗K pairs, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the residual strong interaction based on quantum chromodynamics calculations on the lattice and chiral effective field theory. In the case of Dπ and D∗π pairs, tension between the calculations including strong interactions and the measurement is observed. For all particle pairs, the data can be adequately described by Coulomb interaction only, indicating a shallow interaction between charm and light-flavor mesons. Finally, the scattering lengths governing the residual strong interaction of the Dπ and D∗π systems are determined by fitting the experimental correlation functions with a model that employs a Gaussian potential. The extracted values are small and compatible with zero.
Microbial rhodopsins are omnipresent on Earth, however the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Here we describe a new rhodopsin group from cold-adapted organisms and cold environments, such as glaciers, denoted as CryoRhodopsins (CryoRs). Our data suggest that CryoRs have dual functionality switching between inward transmembrane proton translocation and photosensory activity, both of which can be modulated with UV light. CryoR1 exhibits two subpopulations in the ground state, which upon light activation lead to transient photocurrents of opposing polarities. A distinguishing feature of the group is the presence of a buried arginine residue close to the cytoplasmic face of its members. Combining single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography with the rhodopsin activation by lit, we demonstrate that the arginine stabilizes a UV-absorbing intermediate of an extremely slow CryoRhodopsin photocycle. Together with extensive spectroscopic characterization, our investigations on CryoR1 and CryoR2 proteins reveal mechanisms of photoswitching in the newly identified group and demonstrate principles of the adaptation of these rhodopsins to low temperatures.Microbial rhodopsins are omnipresent on Earth, however the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Here we describe a new rhodopsin group from cold-adapted organisms and cold environments, such as glaciers, denoted as CryoRhodopsins (CryoRs). Our data suggest that CryoRs have dual functionality switching between inward transmembrane proton translocation and photosensory activity, both of which can be modulated with UV light. CryoR1 exhibits two subpopulations in the ground state, which upon light activation lead to transient photocurrents of opposing polarities. A distinguishing feature of the group is the presence of a buried arginine residue close to the cytoplasmic face of its members. Combining single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography with the rhodopsin activation by light, we demonstrate that the arginine stabilizes a UV-absorbing intermediate of an extremely slow CryoRhodopsin photocycle. Together with extensive spectroscopic characterization, our investigations on CryoR1 and CryoR2 proteins reveal mechanisms of photoswitching in the newly identified group and demonstrate principles of the adaptation of these rhodopsins to low temperatures.
EF-P and its paralog EfpL (YeiP) differentially control translation of proline containing sequences
(2024)
Polyproline sequences (XPPX) stall ribosomes, thus being deleterious for all living organisms. In bacteria, translation elongation factor P (EF-P) plays a crucial role in overcoming such arrests. 12% of eubacteria possess an EF-P paralog – YeiP (EfpL) of unknown function. Here, we functionally and structurally characterize EfpL from Escherichia coli and demonstrate its yet unrecognized role in the translational stress response. Through ribosome profiling, we analyzed the EfpL arrest motif spectrum and discovered additional stalls beyond the canonical XPPX motifs at single-proline sequences (XPX), that both EF-P and EfpL can resolve. Notably, the two factors can also induce pauses. We further report that, contrary to the housekeeping EF-P, EfpL can sense the metabolic state of the cell, via lysine acylation. Together, our work uncovers a new player in ribosome rescue at proline-containing sequences, and provides evidence that co-occurrence of EF-P and EfpL is an evolutionary driver for higher bacterial growth rates.
Coarse-grained modeling has become an important tool to supplement experimental measurements, allowing access to spatio-temporal scales beyond all-atom based approaches. The GōMartini model combines structure- and physics-based coarse-grained approaches, balancing computational efficiency and accurate representation of protein dynamics with the capabilities of studying proteins in different biological environments. This paper introduces an enhanced GōMartini model, which combines a virtual-site implementation of Gō models with Martini 3. The implementation has been extensively tested by the community since the release of the new version of Martini. This work demonstrates the capabilities of the model in diverse case studies, ranging from protein-membrane binding to protein-ligand interactions and AFM force profile calculations. The model is also versatile, as it can address recent inaccuracies reported in the Martini protein model. Lastly, the paper discusses the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of the Martini 3 protein model and its combination with Gō models.
Interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) is an interferon-induced protein with two ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domains linked by a short peptide chain, and the conjugated protein of the ISGylation system. Similar to ubiquitin and other Ubls, ISG15 is ligated to its target proteins with a series of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes known as Uba7, Ube2L6/UbcH8, and HERC5, respectively. Ube2L6/UbcH8 plays a literal central role in ISGylation, underscoring it as an important drug target for boosting innate antiviral immunity. Depending on the type of conjugated protein and the ultimate target protein, E2 enzymes have been shown to function as monomers, dimers, or both. UbcH8 has been crystalized in both monomeric and dimeric forms, but the functional state is unclear. Here, we used a combined approach of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize UbcH8′s oligomeric state in solution. SAXS revealed a dimeric UbcH8 structure that could be dissociated when fused with an N-terminal glutathione S-transferase molecule. NMR spectroscopy validated the presence of a concentration-dependent monomer-dimer equilibrium and suggested a backside dimerization interface. Chemical shift perturbation and peak intensity analysis further suggest dimer-induced conformational dynamics at ISG15 and E3 interfaces - providing hypotheses for the protein′s functional mechanisms. Our study highlights the power of combining NMR and SAXS techniques in providing structural information about proteins in solution.
In high light, the antenna system in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms switches to a photoprotective mode, dissipating excess energy in a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Diatoms exhibit very efficient NPQ, accompanied by a xanthophyll cycle in which diadinoxanthin is de-epoxidized into diatoxanthin. Diatoms accumulate pigments from this cycle in high light, and exhibit faster and more pronounced NPQ. The mechanisms underlying NPQ in diatoms remain unclear, but it can be mimicked by aggregation of their isolated light-harvesting complexes, FCP (fucoxanthin chlorophyll-a/c protein). We assess this model system by resonance Raman measurements of two peripheral FCPs, trimeric FCPa and nonameric FCPb, isolated from high- and low-light-adapted cells (LL, HL). Quenching is associated with a reorganisation of these proteins, affecting the conformation of their bound carotenoids, and in a manner which is highly dependent on the protein considered. FCPa from LL diatoms exhibits significant changes in diadinoxanthin structure, together with a smaller conformational change of at least one fucoxanthin. For these LL-FCPa, quenching is associated with consecutive events, displaying distinct spectral signatures, and its amplitude correlates with the planarity of the diadinoxanthin structure. HL-FCPa aggregation is associated with a change in planarity of a 515-nm-absorbing fucoxanthin, and, to a lesser extent, of diadinoxanthin. Finally, in FCPb, a blue-absorbing fucoxanthin is primarily affected. FCPs thus possess a plastic structure, undergoing several conformational changes upon aggregation, dependent upon their precise composition and structure. NPQ in diatoms may therefore arise from a combination of structural changes, dependent on the environment the cells are adapted to.
From hunting and foraging to clearing land for agriculture, humans modify forest biodiversity, landscapes, and climate. Forests constantly undergo disturbance–recovery dynamics and understanding them is a major objective of ecologists and conservationists. Chronosequences are a useful tool for understanding global restoration efforts. They represent a space-for-time substitution approach suited for the quantification of the resistance of ecosystem properties to withstand disturbance and the resilience of these properties until reaching pre-disturbance levels. Here we introduce a newly established chronosequence with 62 plots (50 ⍰ 50 m) in active cacao plantations and pastures, early and late regeneration, and mature old-growth forests, across a 200 km2 area in the extremely wet Chocó rainforest. Our chronosequence covers by far the largest total area of plots compared to others in the Neotropics. Plots ranged from 159–615 masl in a forested landscape with 74 ± 2.8 % forest cover within a 1-km radius including substantial old-growth forest cover. Land-use legacy and regeneration time were not confounded by elevation. We tested how six forest structure variables (maximum tree height and DBH, basal area, number of stems, vertical vegetation heterogeneity, and light availability), aboveground biomass (AGB), and rarefied tree species richness change along our chronosequence. Forest structure variables, AGB, and tree species richness increased with regeneration time and are predicted to reach similar levels to those in old-growth forests after ca. 30–116, 202, and 108 yrs, respectively. Compared to previous work in the Neotropics, old-growth forests in Canandé accumulate high AGB that takes one of the largest time spans reported until total recovery. Our chronosequence comprises one of the largest tree species pools, covers the largest total area of regenerating and old-growth forests, and has higher forest cover than other Neotropical chronosequences. Hence, our chronosequence can be used to determine the time for recovery and stability (resistance and resilience) of different taxa and ecosystem functions, including species interaction networks. This integrative effort will ultimately help to understand how one of the most diverse forests on the planet recovers from large-scale disturbances.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators in many biological processes. They act by guiding RNA-induced silencing complexes to miRNA response elements (MREs) in target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation. Functional MREs are expected to predominantly occur in the 3’ untranslated region and involve perfect base-pairing of the miRNA seed. Here, we generate a high-resolution map of miR-181a/b-1 (miR-181) MREs to define the targeting rules of miR-181 in developing murine T-cells. By combining a multi-omics approach with computational high-resolution analyses, we uncover novel miR-181 targets and demonstrate that miR-181 acts predominantly through RNA destabilization. Importantly, we discover an alternative seed match and identify a distinct set of targets with repeat elements in the coding sequence which are targeted by miR-181 and mediate translational inhibition. In conclusion, deep profiling of MREs in primary cells is critical to expand physiologically relevant targetomes and establish context-dependent miRNA targeting rules.
Key Points:
* Deep profiling identifies novel targets of miR-181 associated with global gene regulation.
* miR-181 MREs in repeat elements in the coding sequence act through translational inhibition.
* High-resolution analysis reveals an alternative seed match in functional MREs.
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a highly flexible membrane receptor that triggers the translocation of the virus into cells by attaching to the human receptors. Like other type I membrane receptors, this protein has several extracellular domains connected by flexible hinges. The presence of these hinges results in high flexibility, which consequently results in challenges in defining the conformation of the protein. Here, We developed a new method to define the conformational space based on a few variables inspired by the robotic field’s methods to determine a robotic arm’s forward kinematics. Using newly performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and publicly available data, we found that the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters can reliably show the changes in the local conformation. Furthermore, the rotational and translational components of the homogenous transformation matrix constructed based on the DH parameters can identify the changes in the global conformation of the spike and also differentiate between the conformation with a similar position of the spike head, which other types of parameters, such as spherical coordinates, fail to distinguish between such conformations. Finally, the new method will be beneficial for looking at the conformational heterogeneity in all other type I membrane receptors.
Highlights
• Family structure transitions decrease academic school track attendance among children of less educated parents.
• Children of highly educated fathers in single-mother families also have lower outcomes.
• Reduced income and increased exposure to poverty are relevant mediators.
• There is no cumulative disadvantage linked to a further transition to a stepfamily.
• Previous parental separation does not affect educational outcomes for children residing with a highly educated stepfather.
Abstract
Recent research has documented that the effect of parental separation on children’s educational outcomes depends on socioeconomic background. Yet, parental separation could lead to a stable single-parent family or to a further transition to a stepfamily. Little is known about how the effect of family structure transitions on educational outcomes depends on the education of parents and stepparents, and there has been limited empirical research into the mechanisms that explain heterogeneity in the effects of family transitions. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and models with entropy balancing and sibling fixed effects, I explore the heterogeneous effects of family transitions during early and middle childhood on academic secondary school track attendance, grades and aspirations. I find that family transitions only reduce the academic school track attendance among children of less educated parents living in stepfamilies or with a single mother after parental separation, and among children of highly educated fathers living in single-mother families. The mechanisms that partly explain these effects relate to reduced income and exposure to poverty after parental separation. The findings underscore the importance of considering the stepparent's educational level, indicating that the adverse consequences of parental separation on educational outcomes are mitigated when a highly educated stepfather becomes part of the family. Overall, these findings align more closely with the resource perspective than the family stability perspective.
The total charm-quark production cross section per unit of rapidity dσ(cc)/dy, and the fragmentation fractions of charm quarks to different charm-hadron species f(c → hc), are measured for the first time in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at midrapidity (−0.96 < y < 0.04 in the centre-ofmass frame) using data collected by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The results are obtained based on all the available measurements of prompt production of ground-state charm-hadron species: D0, D+,D+s, and J/ψ mesons, and Λ+cand Ξ0cbaryons. The resulting cross section is dσ(cc)/dy = 219.6±6.3 (stat.)+10.5−11.8(syst.)+7.6−2.9(extr.)±5.4 (BR)±4.6 (lumi.)±19.5 (rapidity shape) +15.0 (Ω0c) mb, which is consistent with a binary scaling of pQCD calculations from pp ollisions. The measured fragmentation fractions are compatible with those measured in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV, showing an increase in the relative production rates of charm baryons with respect to charm mesons in pp and p–Pb collisions compared with e+e − and e−p collisions. The pT-integrated nuclear modification factor of charm quarks, RpPb(cc) = 0.91±0.04 (stat.) +0.08 −0.09 (syst.) +0.04 −0.03 (extr.)±0.03 (lumi.), is found to be consistent with unity and with theoretical predictions including nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions.
This work aims to differentiate strangeness produced from hard processes (jet-like) and softer processes (underlying event) by measuring the angular correlation between a high-momentum trigger hadron (h) acting as a jet-proxy and a produced strange hadron (φ(1020) meson). Measuring h–φ correlations at midrapidity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV as a function of event multiplicity provides insight into the microscopic origin of strangeness enhancement in small collision systems. The jet-like and the underlying-event-like strangeness production are investigated as a function of event multiplicity. They are also compared between a lower and higher momentum region. The evolution of the per-trigger yields within the near-side (aligned with the trigger hadron) and away-side (in the opposite direction of the trigger hadron) jet is studied separately, allowing for the characterization of two distinct jet-like production regimes. Furthermore, the h–φ correlations within the underlying event give access to a production regime dominated by soft production processes, which can be compared directly to the in-jet production. Comparisons between h–φ and dihadron correlations show that the observed strangeness enhancement is largely driven by the underlying event, where the φ/h ratio is significantly larger than within the jet regions. As multiplicity increases, the fraction of the total φ(1020) yield coming from jets decreases compared to the underlying event production, leading to high-multiplicity events being dominated by the increased strangeness production from the underlying event
We carry out an in-depth analysis of the prompt-collapse behaviour of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. To this end, we perform more than 80 general relativistic BNS merger simulations using a family of realistic Equations of State (EOS) with different stiffness, which feature a first order deconfinement phase transition between hadronic and quark matter. From these simulations we infer the critical binary mass Mcrit that separates the prompt from the non-prompt collapse regime. We show that the critical mass increases with the stiffness of the EOS and obeys a tight quasi-universal relation, Mcrit/MTOV ≈ 1.41 ± 0.06, which links it to the maximum mass MTOV of static neutron stars, and therefore provides a straightforward estimate for the total binary mass beyond which prompt collapse becomes inevitable. In addition, we introduce a novel gauge independent definition for a one-parameter family of threshold masses in terms of curvature invariants of the Riemann tensor which characterizes the development toward a more rapid collapse with increasing binary mass. Using these diagnostics, we find that the amount of matter remaining outside the black hole sharply drops in supercritical mass mergers compared to subcritical ones and is further reduced in mergers where the black hole collapse is induced by the formation of a quark matter core. This implies that Mcrit, particularly for merger remnants featuring quark matter cores, imposes a strict upper limit on the emission of any detectable electromagnetic counterpart in BNS mergers.
The family of cubic noncentrosymmetric 3-4-3 compounds has become a fertile ground for the discovery of novel correlated metallic and insulating phases. Here, we report the synthesis of a new heavy fermion compound, Ce3Bi4Ni3. It is an isoelectronic analog of the prototypical Kondo insulator Ce3Bi4Pt3 and of the recently discovered Weyl-Kondo semimetal Ce3Bi4Pd3. In contrast to the volume-preserving Pt-Pd substitution, structural and chemical analyses reveal a positive chemical pressure effect in Ce3Bi4Ni3 relative to its heavier counterparts. Based on the results of electrical resistivity, Hall effect, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements, we identify an energy gap of 65-70 meV, about eight times larger than that in Ce3Bi4Pt3 and about 45 times larger than that of the Kondo-insulating background hosting the Weyl nodes in Ce3Bi4Pd3. We show that this gap as well as other physical properties do not evolve monotonically with increasing atomic number, i.e., in the sequence Ce3Bi4Ni3-Ce3Bi4Pd3-Ce3Bi4Pt3, but instead with increasing partial electronic density of states of the d orbitals at the Fermi energy. To understand under which condition topological states form in these materials is a topic for future studies.
Heterostructures of graphene in proximity to magnetic insulators open the possibility to investigate exotic states emerging from the interplay of magnetism, strain and charge transfer between the layers. Recent reports on the growth of self-integrated atomic wires of β-RuCl3 on graphite suggest these materials as versatile candidates to investigate these effects. Here we present detailed first principles calculations on the charge transfer and electronic structure of β-RuCl3/heterostructures and provide a comparison with the work function analysis of the related honeycomb family members α-RuX3 (X = Cl,Br,I). We find that proximity of the two layers leads to a hole-doped graphene and electron-doped RuX3 in all cases, which is sensitively dependent on the distance between the two layers. Furthermore, strain effects due to lattice mismatch control the magnetization which itself has a strong effect on the charge transfer. Charge accumulation in β-RuCl3 strongly drops away from the chain making such heterostructures suitable candidates for sharp interfacial junctions in graphene-based devices.
We measure the Born cross section for the reaction e+e−→ηhc from s√=4.129 to 4.600~GeV using data sets collected by the BESIII detector running at the BEPCII collider. A resonant structure in the cross section line shape near 4.200~GeV is observed with a statistical significance of 7σ. The parameters of this resonance are measured to be \MeasMass\ and \MeasWidth, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
Dynamic imaging of landmark organelles, such as nuclei, cell membrane, nuclear envelope, and lipid droplets enables image-based phenotyping of functional states of cells. Multispectral fluorescent imaging of landmark organelles requires labor-intensive labeling, limits throughput, and compromises cell health. Virtual staining of label-free images with deep neural networks is an emerging solution for this problem. Multiplexed imaging of cellular landmarks from scattered light and subsequent demultiplexing with virtual staining saves the light spectrum for imaging additional molecular reporters, photomanipulation, or other tasks. Published approaches for virtual staining of landmark organelles are fragile in the presence of nuisance variations in imaging, culture conditions, and cell types. This paper reports model training protocols for virtual staining of nuclei and membranes robust to cell types, cell states, and imaging parameters. We developed a flexible and scalable convolutional architecture, named UNeXt2, for supervised training and self-supervised pre-training. The strategies we report here enable robust virtual staining of nuclei and cell membranes in multiple cell types, including neuromasts of zebrafish, across a range of imaging conditions. We assess the models by comparing the intensity, segmentations, and application-specific measurements obtained from virtually stained and experimentally stained nuclei and membranes. The models rescue the missing label, non-uniform expression of labels, and photobleaching. We share three pre-trained models, named VSCyto3D, VSCyto2D, and VSNeuromast, as well as VisCy, a PyTorch-based pipeline for training, inference, and deployment that leverages the modern OME-Zarr format.
Off-central heavy-ion collisions are known to feature magnetic fields with magnitudes and characteristic gradients corresponding to the scale of the strong interactions. In this work, we employ equilibrium lattice simulations of the underlying theory, QCD, involving similar inhomogeneous magnetic field profiles to achieve a better understanding of this system. We simulate three flavors of dynamical staggered quarks with physical masses at a range of magnetic fields and temperatures, and extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. Analyzing the impact of the field on the quark condensate and the Polyakov loop, we find non-trivial spatial features that render the QCD medium qualitatively different as in the homogeneous setup, especially at temperatures around the transition. In addition, we construct leading-order chiral perturbation theory for the inhomogeneous background and compare its prediction to our lattice results at low temperature. Our findings will be useful to benchmark effective theories and low-energy models of QCD for a better description of peripheral heavy-ion collisions.
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles exhibiting diverse shapes. While the variation of shapes, ranging from spheres to elongated tubules, and the transition between them, are clearly seen in many cell types, the molecular mechanisms governing this morphological variability remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a novel shaping mechanism based on the interplay between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Our biophysical model suggests that the difference in surface area, arising from the pulling of the inner membrane into cristae, correlates with mitochondrial elongation. Analysis of live cell super-resolution microscopy data supports this correlation, linking elongated shapes to the extent of cristae in the inner membrane. Knocking down cristae shaping proteins further confirms the impact on mitochondrial shape, demonstrating that defects in cristae formation correlate with mitochondrial sphericity. Our results suggest that the dynamics of the inner mitochondrial membrane are important not only for simply creating surface area required for respiratory capacity, but go beyond that to affect the whole organelle morphology. This work explores the biophysical foundations of individual mitochondrial shape, suggesting potential links between mitochondrial structure and function. This should be of profound significance, particularly in the context of disrupted cristae shaping proteins and their implications in mitochondrial diseases.
Tree-related microhabitats (TReMs) have been proposed as important indicators of biodiversity to guide forest management. However, their application has been limited mostly to temperate ecosystems, and it is largely unknown how the diversity of TReMs varies along environmental gradients. In this study, we assessed the diversity of TReMs on 180 individual trees and 46 plots alongside a large environmental gradient on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We used a typology adjusted to tropical ecosystems and a tree-climbing protocol to obtain quantitative information on TreMs on large trees and dense canopies. We computed the diversity of TReMs for each individual tree and plot and tested how TReM diversity was associated with properties of individual trees and environmental conditions in terms of climate and human impact. We further used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to investigate the composition of TReM assemblages alongside the environmental gradients. We found that diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of the first branch were the most important determinants of TReM diversity on individual trees, with higher DBH and lower first branch height promoting TReM diversity. At the plot level, we found that TReM diversity increased with mean annual temperature and decreased with human impact. The composition of TReMs showed high turnover across ecosystem types, with a stark difference between forest and non-forest ecosystems. Climate and the intensity of human impact were associated with TReM composition. Our study is a first test of how TReM diversity and composition vary along environmental gradients in tropical ecosystems. The importance of tree size and architecture in fostering microhabitat diversity underlines the importance of large veteran trees in tropical ecosystems. Because diversity and composition of TReMs are sensitive to climate and land-use effects, our study suggests that TReMs can be used to efficiently monitor consequences of global change for tropical biodiversity.
Tree-related microhabitats (TReMs) have been proposed as important indicators of biodiversity to guide forest management. However, their application has been limited mostly to temperate ecosystems, and it is largely unknown how the diversity of TReMs varies along environmental gradients. In this study, we assessed the diversity of TReMs on 180 individual trees and 44 plots alongside a large environmental gradient on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We used a typology adjusted to tropical ecosystems and a tree-climbing protocol to obtain quantitative information on TreMs on large trees and dense canopies. We computed the diversity of TReMs for each individual tree and plot and tested how TReM diversity was associated with properties of individual trees and environmental conditions in terms of climate and human impact. We further used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to investigate the composition of TReM assemblages alongside the environmental gradients. We found that diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of the first branch were the most important determinants of TReM diversity on individual trees, with higher DBH and lower first branch height promoting TReM diversity. At the plot level, we found that TReM diversity increased with mean annual temperature and decreased with human impact. The composition of TReMs showed high turnover across ecosystem types, with a stark difference between forest and non-forest ecosystems. Climate and the intensity of human impact were associated with TReM composition. Our study is a first test of how TReM diversity and composition vary along environmental gradients in tropical ecosystems. The importance of tree size and architecture in fostering microhabitat diversity underlines the importance of large veteran trees in tropical ecosystems. Because diversity and composition of TReMs are sensitive to climate and land-use effects, our study suggests that TReMs can be used to efficiently monitor consequences of global change for tropical biodiversity.
Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 4.67 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we search for the process e+e−→η′ψ(2S) at center-of-mass energies from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV. No significant signal is observed, and upper limits for the Born cross sections σB(e+e−→η′ψ(2S)) at the 90\% confidence level are determined.
Using 9.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.278 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we perform the first search for the radiative transition χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823). No χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823) signal is observed. The upper limit on the ratio of branching fractions B(χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823),ψ2(3823)→γχc1)/B(χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ) is set as 0.075 at the 90\% confidence level. Our result contradicts theoretical predictions under the assumption that the χc1(3872) is the pure charmonium state χc1(2P).
We report the first amplitude analysis of the decays D0→π+π−η and D+→π+π0η using a data sample taken with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.9 fb−1. The contribution from the process D0(+)→a0(980)+π−(0) is significantly larger than the D0(+)→a0(980)−(0)π+ contribution. The ratios B(D0→a0(980)+π−)/B(D0→a0(980)−π+) and B(D+→a0(980)+π0)/B(D+→a0(980)0π+) are measured to be 7.5+2.5−0.8stat.±1.7syst. and 2.6±0.6stat.±0.3syst., respectively. The measured D0 ratio disagrees with the theoretical predictions by orders of magnitudes, thus implying a substantial contribution from final-state interactions.
The process e+e−→pp¯π0 is studied at 20 center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.1000 to 3.0800 GeV using 636.8 pb−1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections for e+e−→pp¯π0 are measured with high precision. Since the lowest center-of-mass energy, 2.1000 GeV, is less than 90 MeV above the pp¯π0 energy threshold, we can probe the threshold behavior for this reaction. However, no anomalous threshold enhancement is found in the cross sections for e+e−→pp¯π0.
Using 7.33~fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies in the range of s√=4.128−4.226~GeV, we search for the rare decays D+s→h+(h0)e+e−, where h represents a kaon or pion. By requiring the e+e− invariant mass to be consistent with a ϕ(1020), 0.98<M(e+e−)<1.04 ~GeV/c2, the decay D+s→π+ϕ,ϕ→e+e− is observed with a statistical significance of 7.8σ, and evidence for the decay D+s→ρ+ϕ,ϕ→e+e− is found for the first time with a statistical significance of 4.4σ. The decay branching fractions are measured to be B(D+s→π+ϕ,ϕ→e+e−)=(1.17+0.23−0.21±0.03)×10−5, and B(D+s→ρ+ϕ,ϕ→e+e−)=(2.44+0.67−0.62±0.16)×10−5, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No significant signal for the three four-body decays of D+s→π+π0e+e−, D+s→K+π0e+e−, and D+s→K0Sπ+e+e− is observed. For D+s→π+π0e+e−, the ϕ mass region is vetoed to minimize the long-distance effects. The 90% confidence level upper limits set on the branching fractions of these decays are in the range of (7.0−8.1)×10−5.
We search for the di-photon decay of a light pseudoscalar axion-like particle, a, in radiative decays of the J/ψ, using 10 billion J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector. We find no evidence of a narrow resonance and set upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the product branching fraction B(J/ψ→γa)×B(a→γγ) and the axion-like particle photon coupling constant gaγγ in the ranges of (3.6−49.8)×10−8 and (2.2−103.8)×10−4 GeV−1, respectively, for 0.18≤ma≤2.85 GeV/c2. These are the most stringent limits to date in this mass region.
Based on (2.712±0.014)×109 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII collaboration, evidence of the hadronic decay hc→K0SK+π−+c.c. is found with a significance of 4.3σ in the ψ(3686)→π0hc process. The branching fraction of hc→K0SK+π−+c.c. is measured to be (7.3±0.8±1.8)×10−4, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Combining with the exclusive decay width of ηc→KK¯π, our result indicates inconsistencies with both pQCD and NRQCD predictions.
Six C-even states, denoted as X, with quantum numbers JPC=0−+, 1±+, or 2±+, are searched for via the e+e−→γD±sD∗∓s process using (1667.39±8.84) pb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energy of s√=(4681.92±0.30) MeV. No statistically significant signal is observed in the mass range from 4.08 to 4.32 GeV/c2. The upper limits of σ[e+e−→γX]⋅B[X→D±sD∗∓s] at a 90% confidence level are determined.
Improved measurement of the branching fraction of h_(c) → γη^(′)/η and search for h_(c) → γπ⁰
(2024)
The processes hc→γP(P=η′, η, π0)) are studied with a sample of (27.12±0.14)×108 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The branching fractions of hc→γη′ and hc→γη are measured to be (1.40±0.11±0.04±0.10)×10−3 and (3.77±0.55±0.13±0.26)×10−4, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the branching fraction of ψ(3686)→π0hc. The ratio Rhc=B(hc→γη)B(hc→γη′) is calculated to be (27.0±4.4±1.0)%. The measurements are consistent with the previous results with improved precision by a factor of 2. The results are valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of η−η′ mixing, and its manifestation within quantum chromodynamics. No significant signal is found for the decay hc→γπ0, and an upper limit is placed on its branching fraction of B(hc→γπ0)<5.0×10−5, at the 90\% confidence level.
Based on 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data accumulated at center-of-mass energies between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV with the BESIII detector, the decay Λ+c→nK0Sπ+π0 is observed for the first time with a significance of 9.2σ. The branching fraction is measured to be (0.85±0.13±0.03)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, which differs from the theoretical prediction based on isospin by 4.4σ. This indicates that there may be resonant contributions or some unknown dynamics in this decay.
Dielectrons are unique observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Thanks to their penetrating nature, they carry information from all stages of the collision and can provide knowledge about pre-equilibirium dynamics, QGP temperature and transport coefficients, and chiral symmetry restoration. On the other hand, experimental challenges are enormous because production cross sections are small and the signal of interest is eclipsed by a huge combinatorial and physics background from light- and heavy-flavour hadron decays. In this talk the status of dielectron measurements with ALICE is shown and the perspectives with the recently installed and planned ALICE detector upgrades are discussed.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the stem cell niche (SCN) within the root apical meristem (RAM) is maintained by an intricate regulatory network that ensures optimal growth and high developmental plasticity. Yet, many aspects of this regulatory network of stem cell quiescence and replenishment are still not fully understood. Here, we investigate the interplay of the key transcription factors (TFs) BRASSINOSTEROID AT VASCULAR AND ORGANIZING CENTRE (BRAVO), PLETHORA 3 (PLT3) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) involved in SCN maintenance. Phenotypical analysis of mutants involving these TFs uncover their combinatorial regulation of cell fates and divisions in the SCN. Moreover, interaction studies employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET-FLIM) in combination with novel analysis methods, allowed us to quantify protein-protein interaction (PPI) affinities as well as higher-order complex formation of these TFs. We integrated our experimental results into a computational model, suggesting that cell type specific profiles of protein complexes and characteristic complex formation, that is also dependent on prion-like domains in PLT3, contribute to the intricate regulation of the SCN. We propose that these unique protein complex ‘signatures’ could serve as a read-out for cell specificity thereby adding another layer to the sophisticated regulatory network that balances stem cell maintenance and replenishment in the Arabidopsis root.
Using a sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events, which is about 45 times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the J/ψ→γ3(π+π−) decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84 GeV/c2 in the line-shape of the 3(π+π−) invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, X(1840) and X(1880). The new state X(1880) is observed with a statistical significance larger than 10σ. The mass and width of X(1880) are determined to be 1882.1±1.7±0.7 MeV/c2 and 30.7±5.5±2.4 MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a pp¯ bound state.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4, which distinctly exceeds the upper limit measured by Belle experiment. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3, which is consistent with previous measurements.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4, which distinctly exceeds the upper limit measured by Belle experiment. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3, which is consistent with previous measurements.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3.
Based on 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data accumulated at center-of-mass energies between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV with the BESIII detector, the decay Λ+c→nK0Sπ+π0 is observed for the first time with a significance of 9.2σ. The branching fraction is measured to be (0.85±0.13±0.03)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, which differs from the theoretical prediction based on isospin by 4.4σ. This indicates that there may be resonant contributions or some unknown dynamics in this decay.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we investigate the semileptonic decays D+→π+π−ℓ+νℓ (ℓ=e and μ). The D+→f0(500)μ+νμ decay is observed for the first time. By analyzing simultaneously the differential decay rates of D+→f0(500)μ+νμ and D+→f0(500)e+νe in different ℓ+νℓ four-momentum transfer intervals, the product of the relevant hadronic form factor ff0+(0) and the magnitude of the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcd| is determined to be ff0+(0)|Vcd|=0.0787±0.0060stat±0.0033syst for the first time. With the input of |Vcd| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ff0+(0)=0.350±0.027stat±0.015syst. The absolute branching fractions of D+→f0(500)(π+π−)μ+νμ and D+→ρ0(π+π−)μ+νμ are determined as (0.72±0.13stat±0.10syst)×10−3 and (1.64±0.13stat±0.11syst)×10−3. Combining these results with those of previous BESIII measurements on their semielectronic counterparts from the same data sample, we test lepton flavor universality by measuring the branching fraction ratios BD+→ρ0μ+νμ/BD+→ρ0e+νe = 0.88±0.10 and BD+→f0(500)μ+νμ/BD+→f0(500)e+νe = 1.14±0.28, which are compatible with the standard model expectation.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we investigate the semileptonic decays D+→π+π−ℓ+νℓ (ℓ=e and μ). The D+→f0(500)μ+νμ decay is observed for the first time. By analyzing simultaneously the differential decay rates of D+→f0(500)μ+νμ and D+→f0(500)e+νe in different ℓ+νℓ four-momentum transfer intervals, the product of the relevant hadronic form factor ff0+(0) and the magnitude of the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcd| is determined to be ff0+(0)|Vcd|=0.0787±0.0060stat±0.0033syst for the first time. With the input of |Vcd| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ff0+(0)=0.350±0.027stat±0.015syst. The absolute branching fractions of D+→f0(500)(π+π−)μ+νμ and D+→ρ0(π+π−)μ+νμ are determined as (0.72±0.13stat±0.10syst)×10−3 and (1.64±0.13stat±0.11syst)×10−3. Combining these results with those of previous BESIII measurements on their semielectronic counterparts from the same data sample, we test lepton flavor universality by measuring the branching fraction ratios BD+→ρ0μ+νμ/BD+→ρ0e+νe=0.88±0.10 and BD+→f0(500)μ+νμ/BD+→f0(500)e+νe = 1.14±0.28, which are compatible with the standard model expectation.
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e+e−→η+X, normalized by the total cross section of e+e−→hadrons, is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 GeV to 3.6710 GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy from calculations with the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well.
We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ+c→ΛK+π0 with a significance of 5.7σ and the first evidence of Λ+c→ΛK+π+π− decay with a significance of 3.1σ, based on e+e− annihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fb−1, in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 GeV to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Λ+c→ΛK+π0 and Λ+c→ΛK+π+π− relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be B(Λ+c→ΛK+π0)B(Λ+c→Λπ+π0)=(2.09±0.39stat.±0.07syst.)×10−2 and B(Λ+c→ΛK+π+π−)B(Λ+c→Λπ+π+π−)=(1.13±0.41stat.±0.06syst.)×10−2, respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of B(Λ+c→Λπ+π0), we obtain the branching fraction B(Λ+c→ΛK+π0)=(1.49±0.27stat.±0.05syst.±0.08ref.)×10−3. This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark SU(3) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair S-wave amplitude dominance.
A light scalar X0 or vector X1 particles have been introduced as a possible explanation for the (g−2)μ anomaly and dark matter phenomena.
Using (8.998±0.039)×109 $\jpsi$ events collected by the BESIII detector, we search for a light muon philic scalar X0 or vector X1 in the processes J/ψ→μ+μ−X0,1 with X0,1 invisible decays. No obvious signal is found, and the upper limits on the coupling g′0,1 between the muon and the X0,1 particles are set to be between 1.1×10−3 and 1.0×10−2 for the X0,1 mass in the range of 1<M(X0,1)<1000 MeV/c2 at 90% confidence level.
The Cabbibo-favored decay Λ+c→Ξ0K+π0 is studied for the first time using 6.1 fb−1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.840 GeV, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. With a double-tag method, the branching fraction of the three-body decay Λ+c→Ξ0K+π0 is measured to be (7.79±1.46±0.71)×10−3, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The branching fraction of the two-body decay Λ+c→Ξ(1530)0K+ is (5.99±1.04±0.29)×10−3, which is consistent with the previous result of (5.02±0.99±0.31)×10−3. In addition, the upper limit on the branching fraction of the doubly Cabbibo-suppressed decay Λ+c→nK+π0 is 7.1×10−4 at the 90% confidence level. The upper limits on the branching fractions of Λ+c→Σ0K+π0 and ΛK+π0 are also determined to be 1.8×10−3 and 2.0×10−3, respectively.
Memory consolidation tends to be less robust in childhood than adulthood. However, little is known about the corresponding functional differences in the developing brain that may underlie age-related differences in retention of memories over time. This study examined system-level memory consolidation of object-scene associations after learning (immediate delay), one night of sleep (short delay), as well as two weeks (long delay) in 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 49) and in young adults (n = 39), as a reference group with mature consolidation systems. Particularly, we characterized how functional neural activation and reinstatement of neural patterns change over time, assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with representational similarity analysis (RSA). Our results showed that memory consolidation in children was less robust and strong (i.e., more forgetting) compared to young adults. Contrasting correctly retained remote versus recent memories across time delay, children showed less upregulation in posterior parahippocampal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and cerebellum than adults. In addition, both children and adults showed decrease in scene-specific neural reinstatement over time, indicating time-related decay of detailed differentiated memories. At the same time, we observed more generic gist-like neural reinstatement in medial-temporal and prefrontal brain regions uniquely in children, indicating qualitative difference in memory trace in children. Taken together, 5-to-7-year-old children, compared to young adults, show less robust memory consolidation, possibly due to difficulties in engaging in differentiated neural reinstatement in neocortical mnemonic regions during retrieval of remote memories, coupled with relying more on gist-like generic neural reinstatement.
Motivated by recently reported magnetic-field induced topological phases in ultracold atoms and correlated Moiré materials, we investigate topological phase transitions in a minimal model consisting of interacting spinless fermions described by the Hofstadter model on a square lattice. For interacting lattice Hamiltonians in the presence of a commensurate magnetic flux it has been demonstrated that the quantized Hall conductivity is constrained by a Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM)-type theorem due to magnetic translation symmetry. In this work, we revisit the validity of the theorem for such models and establish that a topological phase transition from a topological to a trivial insulating phase can be realized but must be accompanied by spontaneous magnetic translation symmetry breaking caused by charge ordering of the spinless fermions. To support our findings, the topological phase diagram for varying interaction strength is mapped out numerically with exact diagonalization for different flux quantum ratios and band fillings using symmetry indicators. We discuss our results in the context of the LSM-type theorem.
Observation of η_(c)(1S, 2S) and χ_(cJ) decays to 2(π⁺π^(−))η via ψ(3686) radiative transitions
(2024)
Based on 2.7×109 ψ(3686) decays collected with the BESIII detector, the radiative decay ψ(3686)→γ2(π+π−)η is investigated to measure properties of S- and P-wave charmonium states. The branching fraction of the decay ηc(1S)→2(π+π−)η, which is found to have a strong dependence on the interference pattern between ηc(1S) and non-ηc(1S) processes, is measured in both destructive and constructive interference scenarios for the first time. The mass and width of the ηc(1S) are measured to be M=(2984.14±0.13±0.38) MeV/c2 and Γ=(28.82±0.11±0.82) MeV, respectively. Clear signals for the decays of the χcJ(J=0,1,2) and the ηc(2S) to 2(π+π−)η are also observed for the first time, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of the branching fractions between the ηc(2S) and ηc(1S) decays is significantly lower than the theoretical prediction, which might suggest different dynamics in their decays.
Based on (2712.4±14.3)×106 ψ(3686) events, we investigate four hadronic decay modes of the P-wave charmonium spin-singlet state hc(1P1)→h+h−π0/η (h=π or K) via the process ψ(3686)→π0hc at BESIII. The hc→π+π−π0 decay is observed with a significance of 9.6σ after taking into account systematic uncertainties. Evidences for hc→K+K−π0 and hc→K+K−η are found with significances of 3.5σ and 3.3σ, respectively, after considering the systematic uncertainties. The branching fractions of these decays are measured to be B(hc→π+π−π0)=(1.36±0.16±0.14)×10−3, B(hc→K+K−π0)=(3.26±0.84±0.36)×10−4, and B(hc→K+K−η)=(3.13±1.08±0.38)×10−4, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. No significant signal of hc→π+π−η is found, and the upper limit of its decay branching fraction is determined to be B(hc→π+π−η)<4.0×10−4 at 90% confidence level.
Long- and short-range correlations for pairs of charged particles are studied via two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV and p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle Δφ and pseudorapidity separation Δη for pairs of primary charged particles within the pseudorapidity interval |η|<0.9 and the transverse-momentum interval 1<pT<4 GeV/c. Flow coefficients are extracted for the long-range correlations (1.6<|Δη|<1.8) in various high-multiplicity event classes using the low-multiplicity template fit method. The method is used to subtract the enhanced yield of away-side jet fragments in high-multiplicity events. These results show decreasing flow signals toward lower multiplicity events. Furthermore, the flow coefficients for events with hard probes, such as jets or leading particles, do not exhibit any significant changes compared to those obtained from high-multiplicity events without any specific event selection criteria. The results are compared with hydrodynamic-model calculations, and it is found that a better understanding of the initial conditions is necessary to describe the results, particularly for low-multiplicity events.
The Born cross sections for the process e+e−→ωη′ are measured at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV using data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. A resonant structure is observed with a statistical significance of 9.6σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass to be MR=(2153±30±31) MeV/c2 and its width to be ΓR=(167±77±7) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Motivated by the on-going discussion on the nature of magnetism in the quantum Ising chain CoNb2O6, we present a first-principles-based analysis of its exchange interactions by applying an \textit{ab initio} approach with additional modelling that accounts for various drawbacks of a purely density functional theory ansatz. With this method we are able to extract and understand the origin of the magnetic couplings under inclusion of all symmetry-allowed terms, and to resolve the conflicting model descriptions in CoNb2O6. We find that the twisted Kitaev chain and the transverse-field ferromagnetic Ising chain views are mutually compatible, although additional off-diagonal exchanges are necessary to provide a complete picture. We show that the dominant exchange interaction is a ligand-centered exchange process - involving the eg electrons -, which is rendered anisotropic by the low-symmetry crystal fields environments in CoNb2O6, giving rise to the dominant Ising exchange, while the smaller bond-dependent anisotropies are found to originate from d−d kinetic exchange processes involving the t2g electrons. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by comparing the predictions of the obtained low-energy model to measured THz and inelastic neutron scattering spectra.
canning tunneling microscopy (STM) is perhaps the most promising way to detect the superconducting gap size and structure in the canonical unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 directly. However, in many cases, researchers have reported being unable to detect the gap at all in simple STM conductance measurements. Recently, an investigation of this issue on various local topographic structures on a Sr-terminated surface found that superconducting spectra appeared only in the region of small nanoscale canyons, corresponding to the removal of one RuO surface layer. Here, we analyze the electronic structure of various possible surface structures using first principles methods, and argue that bulk conditions favorable for superconductivity can be achieved when removal of the RuO layer suppresses the RuO4 octahedral rotation locally. We further propose alternative terminations to the most frequently reported Sr termination where superconductivity surfaces should be observed.
Cyclin CLB2 mRNA localization and protein synthesis link cell cycle progression to bud growth
(2024)
Clb2 is a conserved mitotic B-type cyclin, the levels of which are finely controlled to drive progression through the cell cycle. While it is known that CLB2 transcription and Clb2 protein degradation are important for precise control of its expression, it remains unclear whether the synthesis of Clb2 is also regulated. To address whether and how Clb2 expression levels respond to cell growth changes and adapt cell cycle progression, we combined single-cell and single-molecule imaging methods to measure CLB2 mRNA and protein expression throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. We found that the CLB2 mRNA was efficiently localized to the yeast bud as soon as this compartment was formed, but strikingly the Clb2 protein accumulated in the mother nucleus. The CLB2 mRNA localization in the yeast bud by the She2-3 complex did not control protein localization but rather promoted CLB2 translation. Moreover, CLB2 mRNA bud localization and protein synthesis were coupled and dependent on a single secondary structure -a ZIP code-located in the coding sequence. In a CLB2 ZIP code mutant, mRNA localization was impaired and Clb2 protein synthesis decreased, resulting in changes in cell cycle distribution and increased size of daughter cells at birth. Finally, while in WT cells the Clb2 protein concentration followed bud growth, this relationship was impaired in the ZIP code mutant. We propose that S. cerevisiae couples the control of CLB2 mRNA bud localization and protein synthesis to coordinate cell growth and cell cycle progression. This mechanism extends our knowledge of CLB2 expression regulation, and constitutes a novel function for mRNA localization.
Proton-powered c-ring rotation in mitochondrial ATP synthase is crucial to convert the transmembrane protonmotive force into torque to drive the synthesis of ATP. Capitalizing on recent cryo-EM structures, we aim at a structural and energetic understanding of how functional directional rotation is achieved. We performed multi-microsecond atomistic simulations to determine the free energy profiles along the c-ring rotation angle before and after the arrival of a new proton. Our results reveal that rotation proceeds by dynamic sliding of the ring over the a-subunit surface, during which interactions with conserved polar residues stabilize distinct intermediates. Ordered water chains line up for a Grotthuss-type proton transfer in one of these intermediates. After proton transfer, a high barrier prevents backward rotation and an overall drop in free energy favors forward rotation, ensuring the directionality of c-ring rotation required for the thermodynamically disfavored ATP synthesis. The essential arginine of the a-subunit stabilizes the rotated configuration through a salt-bridge with the c-ring. Overall, we describe a complete mechanism for the rotation step of the ATP synthase rotor, thereby illuminating a process critical to all life at atomic resolution.