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Künstlerische Konsequenz hat ihren Preis. Der Theoretiker fordert sie vom Praktiker im Namen stilistischer Reinheit oder medienspezifischer Integrität, Stimmigkeit der kompositorischen Methode oder dramaturgischer Effizienz und schert sich wenig um dessen Sachzwänge vor Ort. Jedoch muß heutzutage ein Film- resp. Medienkomponist - mehr denn je - über Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten verfügen, die jenseits solider Kenntnisse des traditionellen Tonsatzes und Kontrapunktes liegen
Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet Pathogenese, Klinik und Therapie lumbaler lateraler Bandscheibenvorfälle und stellt mit einem mittleren Follow-up von 12,2 Jahren erstmalig Langzeitresultate nach operativer Therapie vor. Untersucht wurde ein Kollektiv von 138 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2008 in der Klinik für Neurochirurgie der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main an einem lumbalen lateralen Bandscheibenvorfall operiert wurden. Die prä- und unmittelbar postoperativen Daten sowie die Details der Operationen wurden den schriftlichen und elektronischen Aufzeichnungen des Krankenblattarchivs entnommen. Postoperativ konnten 87 Patienten des Kollektivs kontaktiert und mit Hilfe eines hierfür konzipierten Fragenbogens telefonisch interviewt werden (Rücklaufquote 63,0%). Im Rahmen dieses Follow-ups wurden noch eventuell vorhandene Beschwerden, die berufliche Situation und die subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten erfasst und ausgewertet. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der Operation betrug im Mittel 55,9 Jahre, eine geschlechtliche Präponderanz fand sich nicht. Es wurden etwas mehr Männer operiert (54,3%), wobei sich jedoch kein statistisch relevanter Unterschied fand. Die am häufigsten betroffenen Lokalisationen waren LWK 4/5 und LWK 3/4 mit insgesamt 73,9%. In 82,6% der Fälle wurde der Vorfall über den lateralen Zugang, in 13,0% über einen medialen Zugang jeweils in mikrochirurgischer Technik entfernt, bei 4,4% kamen endoskopische Verfahren zum Einsatz. Präoperativ klagten 96,4% der Patienten über Lumbago. Bei der Befragung im Langzeitverlauf gaben 41,2% keinerlei Lumbago mehr an und nur 11,8% verspürten ständige Schmerzen im LWS‐Bereich. Radikuläre Schmerzen waren präoperativ ebenfalls bei 96,4%, zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung nur noch bei 22,1% vorhanden. Die Sensibilitätsstörungen gingen von präoperativen 79,0% auf 49,3% bei der Befragung zurück. Einen noch deutlicheren Rückgang erfuhren die Paresen: von 71,7% auf 29,3%. Weiterhin wurden die berufliche Situation und die körperliche Bewegungseinschränkung bewertet: 72,2% der erwerbstätigen Patienten konnten ihre Arbeit wieder aufnehmen und 7,4% haben ihre Arbeit gewechselt. Lediglich 16,7% der Patienten nahmen postoperativ ihre Tätigkeit nicht mehr auf. Etwa 10% der Patienten gaben eine Einschränkung ihrer täglichen Aktivitäten durch die Schmerzen an. Bei 10,9% der Patienten kam es zu erneuten Beschwerden ausgehend von der gleichen Höhe, so dass ein erneuter Eingriff indiziert war. Fast alle diese Reoperationen fanden bereits im ersten postoperativen Jahr statt. Bei drei Patienten (2,2%) wurde eine dritte Operation notwendig. Als wesentliches Kriterium für die Bewertung des Operationsergebnisses gilt die subjektive Zufriedenheit des Patienten. Hier konnte in der vorliegenden Studie eine Zufriedenheit von 94,3% nach einem mittleren Follow‐up von 12,2 Jahren nach Operation festgestellt werden. 75,9% der Patienten waren mit dem Ergebnis sogar sehr zufrieden. Die in der vorliegenden Studie erfassten und ausgewerteten Ergebnisse decken sich zum großen Teil mit kurz‐ und mittelfristigen Studien über laterale Vorfälle und mit vielen Studien über den weitaus häufigeren mediolateralen Vorfall. Sie bestätigen die mikrochirurgische Diskektomie über den lateralen Zugang als ein adäquates und sicheres Therapieverfahren mit langfristigem Erfolg für die Behandlung des lateralen Bandscheibenvorfalls. Bei richtiger Indikationsstellung bringt diese operative Behandlung, trotz ungewohnter und anspruchsvoller Operationstechnik, für die meisten Patienten mit therapieresistenten Lumboischialgien eine schnelle und deutliche Besserung. Diese Studie zeigt, dass die aus der Literatur bekannten Erfolgsraten auch nach einem Langzeitverlauf von über 12 Jahren konstant bleiben.
Rilkes Gedichtband "Das Buch der Bilder" wird allgemein von der Forschung als eine Art Übergangswerk gesehen. Ihm folgen die - weitaus höher eingeschätzten - "Neuen Gedichte", die noch heute als ein Höhepunkt in Rilkes Schaffen gesehen werden und "den Dichter mit seiner neuen […] poetologischen Orientierung zu einem der bedeutendsten Vertreter der literarischen Moderne mach[en]." Daß trotzdem auch einem "Übergangswerk" ein nicht zu unterschätzender poetischer Wert innewohnen kann, zeigt unter anderem Rilkes Beschäftigung mit der Liebesthematik im "Buch der Bilder". In diesem Zusammenhang kann das Gedicht "Die Liebende" als eine Art Zäsur in Rilkes poetischer Gestaltung der Weiblichkeit angesehen werden. [...] Das Gedicht "Die Liebende" im "Buch der Bilder" markiert eine Umkehr von der motivbehafteten Darstellung des Weiblichen hin zur poetischen Darstellung einer Theorie der intransitiven Liebe, die - entgegen gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen - nicht auf Erwiderung zielt.
Die vorliegende Dissertation analysiert Großinvestorhandelsstrategien in illiquiden Finanzmärkten. Ein Großinvestor beeinflusst die Preise der Wertpapiere, die er handelt, so dass der daraus resultierende Feedbackeffekt berücksichtigt werden muss. Der Preisprozess wird durch eine Familie von cadlag Semimartingalen modelliert, die in dem zusätzlichen Parameter stetig differenzierbar ist. Ziel ist es, eine möglichst allgemeine Strategiemenge zu bestimmen, für die eine Vermögensdynamik definiert werden kann. Es sind dies vorhersehbare Prozesse von wohldefinierter quadratischer Variation entlang Stoppzeiten. Sie erweisen sich als laglad. Die Vermögensdynamikzerlegung zeigt, dass bei stetigen adaptierten Strategien von endlicher Variation (zahme Strategien) die quadratischen Transaktionskostenterme verschwinden und der Gewinnprozess nur noch aus einem nichtlinearen stochastischen Integral besteht. Es wird gezeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen gewisse Approximationen vorhersehbarer laglad Strategien durch adaptierte stetige Strategien von endlicher Variation möglich sind. Im Fall, dass der Approximationsfehler für die Risikoeinstellung des Großinvestors erträglich ist, kann er seine Investmentziele durch Verwendung dieser zahmen Strategien, Liquiditätskosten vermeidend, erreichen. In diesem Fall ist der Gewinnprozess durch das nicht-lineare stochastische Integral gegeben.
Rezension zu Frank Reiser: Andere Räume, entschwundene Subjekte. Das Gefängnis und seine Literarisierung im französischen Roman des ausgehenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Heidelberg (Synchron) 2007. 189 S.
Frank Reisers Studie befragt vier motivisch mit dem Gefängnis befasste Romane der französischen Gegenwartsliteratur nach Konzepten des Einschlusses und der Überwachung. Dabei liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf der reziproken Beziehung zwischen den entsprechenden diskursiven Praktiken respektive der Identität und Subjektivität der Figuren. Über welche Verfahren und diskursiven Konstellationen das Gefängnis als konstitutiver Faktor von Identität erkennbar wird, kann als zentrale Fragestellung gelten.
Paul Scheerbarts astrale Hermeneutik : Vorschlag zu einer Bestimmung des Begriffs "Neoromantik"
(2010)
Im Februar 1904 erscheint in der Zeitschrift "Kunst" eine Reihe von Zeichnungen Paul Scheerbarts unter dem Titel "Der magnetische Spiegel". Eingebettet in einen pseudodokumentarischen Rahmentext illustrieren Kopffüßler und andere groteske Kreaturen den Erfahrungsbericht eines optisch-physikalischen Versuchs. Mit Hilfe einer in Schottland entdeckten Bauanleitung konstruiert der namenlose Berichterstatter einen magnetischen Spiegel, der ihm den Blick auf eine neue Kunst ermöglicht:
Rein äußerlich betrachtet, sind die geheimnisvollen Spiegel ganz einfache, spiegelnde Metallplatten. Wird nun die nach der Vorschrift hergestellte Metallplatte zur Erdbebenzeit in die richtige Lage gebracht, so zeigt sich bei Beobachtung der Platte mit eigens präparierter Lupe ein Bild von besonderer Anziehungskraft. Und wer diese Bilder in den Hauptzügen richtig zu kopieren vermag, der hat die "neue Kunst" entdeckt.
Magnetismus und 'neue Kunst' verweisen auf eine romantische Poetik und deren Projekt einer wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Paranormalen; ein solches Amalgam von Technologie und esoterischem Wissen zielt auf eine naturwissenschaftliche Metaphysik und die Sichtbarmachung des Unsichtbaren.
This review critically analyzes the clinical data of patients with suspected kava hepatotoxicity and suggests recommendations for minimizing risk. Kava is a plant (Piper methysticum) of the pepper family Piperaceae, and its rhizome is used for traditional aqueous extracts in the South Pacific Islands and for commercial ethanolic and acetonic medicinal products as anxiolytic herbs in Western countries. A regulatory ban for ethanolic and acetonic kava extracts was issued in 2002 for Germany on the basis of reports connecting liver disease with the use of kava, but the regulatory causality assessment was a matter of international discussions. Based on one positive reexposure test with the kava drug, it was indeed confirmed that kava is potentially hepatotoxic. In subsequent studies using a structured, quantitative and hepatotoxicity specific causality assessment method in 14 patients with liver disease described worldwide, causality for kava ± co-medicated drugs and dietary supplements including herbal ones was highly probable (n = 1), probable (n = 4) or possible (n = 9) regarding aqueous extracts (n = 3), ethanolic extracts (n = 5), acetonic extracts (n = 4), and mixtures containing kava (n = 2). Risk factors included overdose, prolonged treatment, and comedication with synthetic drugs and dietary supplements comprizing herbal ones in most of the 14 patients. Hepatotoxicity occurred independently of the used solvent, suggesting poor kava raw material quality as additional causative factor. In conclusion, in a few individuals kava may be hepatotoxic due to overdose, prolonged treatment, comedication, and probably triggered by an unacceptable quality of the kava raw material; standardization is now required, minimizing thereby hepatotoxic risks.
This article conceptualizes tension as a relation between elements in which at least two forces with different directions are involved. How can this concept of tension be applied to the analysis of the peculiar logic of life in common? The article offers a reading, inspired by the method of conceptual history, of the use of the concept of 'force' in three models of society: Hobbes's political model, the economic model proposed by the thinkers of commercial society, and Durkheim's social theory. The analysis sheds some light on the ways in which the presence of contradictory forces can be taken to be constitutive of the social itself. This observation is then used to suggest that the puzzling fascination exerted by the notion of tension can be better understood if we see it pointing to some fundamental features of our way of collectively inhabiting the world.
Background: Nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung disease. We examined whether nicotine can change the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme, Dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase is a glycoproteinpeptidyldipeptid-hydrolase, which devided Histidylleucin-dipeptid of angiotensin I, a relatively inactive Dekapeptide. ACE is located on cell surfaces. Highest concentration of ACE are found in lung and kidney. Determination of ACE serum activity is an established tool for diagnosis and therapy control of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. The effect of cigarette smoking on ACE serum activity in healthy subjects is subject of controversial discussion. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic cigarette consumption on ACE serum activity in healthy subjects. Angiotensin I will be converted in Angiotensin II, a highly vasoconstriktor. In addition ACE inactivates bradykinin. Increased ACE activity values occur in the serum of patients with active sarcoidosis, smokers, in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome, and in adults with tuberculosis, Gaucher-Syndrom and a number of other medical conditions of the lung. Material and methods: In this study the significance of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was tested in 250 healthy smokers and non smokers aged between 17 and 65 years. Individual smoking habits were ruled out by a questionnaire. The concentration of ACE was founded by measurements on Hitachi 917 Analyzer. Additionally ASAT, ALAT and GT were determined by conventional methods. The following independent variables were studied: investigative material, antikoagulantien influence of drugs and temperature. Result: ACE concentrations were increased identically in smokers and sarcoidosis patients. By a specificity of 95% and sensitivities between 72% and 90% are detected in each of the groups. ACE serum activities were within their normal limits (8-58U/L) in smokers and non smokers. No sex-related differences of ACE activity were observed in non smokers. The values of ACE serum activity were significantly (Kruskal: p<0,001) higher in smokers than in non smokers. Corresponding to differences of smoking habits slight but not significant differences of ACE were observed between male and female smokers. In smokers a strong correlation between individual smoking habits was similar in male and female smokers. Values of all additionally determined laboratory parameters were also within their normal limits. No significant differences were observed for ASAT, ALAT and g GT between smokers and non smokers of both sexes. ACE activity should be measured on the day of blood collection. The influence of temperature on the stability of the material is considerable; the room temperature shows a decrease in concentration. By storage at -20°C and below there is a visible increase in concentration. Conclusion: It is shown that there is an increase of ACE activity as a function of cigarette consummation. Non specific metabolic factors others than smoking can be excluded by normal values of ASAT, ALAT and g GT. The data suggest, that individual smoking habits should be considered for the interpretation of ACE serum activity.
Loggerhead Caretta caretta is now the only species of marine turtle nesting on the island of Sal, Cape Verde Islands. Since 2008, ADTMA - SOS Tartarugas has patrolled all the southern beaches of the island in order to protect nesting females and to collect nesting data. Although hunting is still a major issue, with 90 turtles killed in 2009, habitat loss and light pollution are becoming an ever more serious threat. Construction sites, hotels, apartment buildings and restaurants close to beaches, bright lights and illegal removal of sand are contributing to a marked decrease in the total number of nesting turtles on some beaches. In 2009, beaches on Sal experienced an average increase in nests of 200%, while the beach most affected by construction (Tortuga Beach) saw a decrease of nests of 7.3% (from 19.1% of total number of nests in 2008 to 11.8% in 2010). This beach also recorded a much lower nest to emergence ratio than normal (17.6% of emergences resulting in nests compared to 29.9% in other areas), indicating reluctance to nest due to light pollution and other disturbances.
2.1. Background & purpose The recent introduction of new technical innovations such as CT perfusion (CTP) and dual energy CT (DECT) increases the diagnostic abilities of CT for imaging of the head and neck (H&N). The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of CTP and DECT in head and neck imaging. The first part tests whether CTP can differentiate between malignant H&N tumors and surrounding muscle, and discusses the impact of arterial input selection and tumor region of interest (ROI) on CTP of H&N cancer. The second part of the study evaluates radiation dose and image quality of DECT of the H&N. Finally the use of DE derived weighted averaging to improve lesion delineation and image quality is discussed. 2.2. Patients and methods CT perfusion Retrospective analysis of CTP was done for a total number of 55 cases of H&N tumors. Perfusion parameters were calculated for 33 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and compared to those of muscles. CTP parameters of 50 cases of H&N tumors calculated using different arterial input functions were compared. CTP was calculated for 28 SCC cases using the single dynamic CT section that shows maximal tumor dimension compared to using average values obtained from all tumor-containing dynamic CT sections. Dual energy CT of head and neck This prospective part of the study was further divided into 2 parts. In the first part 32 consecutive patients underwent DECT of the H&N and were compared to a standard single energy CT (SE) control group. Radiation doses were compared. Weighted-average images from raw data of the 2 DE tubes (weighting factor 0.3 from 80 kVp and 0.7 from 140 KVp) were compared to SE images. Image noise was compared at 5 anatomic levels. Two blinded readers compared subjective overall image quality on a 5-point grading scale. In the second part 35 proved SCC cases underwent DECT of the neck. Pure 140 kVp and 80 kVp image datasets as well as weighted-average images from raw data of the 2 DE tubes at weighting factors 0.3, 0.6, 0.8 (30%, 60% and 80% from 80 kVp raw data respectively) were reconstructed. Objective image noise, contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and subjective image quality were compared between the 5 image datasets. Results CT perfusion Tumor perfusion parameters were significantly higher than those of muscle (p <0.05). Significant high correlation with no significant differences between the means (p >0.05) were observed between perfusion parameters obtained using internal carotid artery (ICA) versus external carotid artery (ECA) and ipsilateral versus contralateral ICA. High correlation was observed between perfusion parameters calculated using one section with maximal tumor dimension and the average of multiple sections. Differences between the means were non significant, p values>0.05. The 95% limits of agreement between repeated measurements using average of multiple sections were slightly narrower for blood volume and permeability than those of repeated measurements using one section. Dual energy CT of head and neck CTDIvol was 12% lower with DE than SECT (p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in objective noise between DECT and SECT at any of the anatomic levels (p >0.05). There were no significant differences between DE- and SECT in attenuation measurements, all p values >0.05. No significant differences in subjective image quality scores were observed between DE- and SECT at any of the 5 anatomic levels (p >0.05). At weighting factor 0.6 the lesion CNR was significantly higher than at weighting factor 0.3 and at pure 140 kVp image dataset (p< 0.0001); while non significantly lower than at weighting factor 0.8 and pure 80 kVp (p=1.00). The 0.6 weighting factor was rated the best at subjective image quality and lesion delineation. 2.4. Conclusion In conclusion; this study demonstrated the ability of CTP to differentiate SCC from surrounding muscle tissue. The choice of arterial input selection has no significant impact on quantitative CTP of H&N tumors. CTP of SCC calculated from one section with maximal tumor dimensions and the average values from multiple sections are not significantly different. The second part of the study showed that DE scanning can be routinely used for H&N imaging; preserving high diagnostic image quality even when the radiation dose was lowered by 12%. Average weighting of DE raw data, with a weighting factor 0.6, results in significant improvement in both tumor delineation and image quality.
In the scientific literature, the use of a surfactant is recommended for both designing quality control tests for water insoluble or sparingly water soluble drugs and for predicting the bioavailability of drugs from various types of formulations. Since the number of poorly soluble drugs is increasing, the selection of adequate dissolution test for these becomes more and more important. The aim of the present study was to develop predictive and discriminatory test methods based on surfactants that are recommended in the literature. Particular respect was given to the use of sodium lauryl sulfate and Tween 80, the two most commonly used surfactants for this purpose. Tamoxifen was used as a model drug. Dissolution experiments were performed using various concentrations of the two surfactants in buffer media typically used to prepare biorelevant test media. Results were then compared with those deriving from the same test formulations in biorelevant and simplified “biorelevant” media. Results from this study indicate that the concentration of surfactant has a huge impact on both the rate and extent of drug release from the formulation and also on the discriminatory power of the test. However, they also indicate that a well designed and validated test medium containing SLS or Tween 80 can be useful in terms of establishing a discriminatory test medium that possibly could also be used to assure batch to batch bioequivalence. Therefore, the approach described in the present paper might be very helpful for developing predictive and discriminatory methods in early formulation development for poorly soluble drugs and which could also be adopted for QC.
Studies have shown that the negative effects of credit market inefficiencies are most felt by smaller firms. Therefore, in countries such as Uganda, where micro enterprises are at the bottom of the economic pyramid, moral hazard and adverse selection severely affect their ability to access formal credit hence limiting their growth potential. Microfinance has been heralded for its use of innovative lending methods to improve access to credit. The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented increase in the outreach of micro lending institutions and the development of financial products suited to the needs of the economically active poor, who often, are unable to obtain credit from mainstream financial institutions. This book analyzes the law and economics theories on access to credit and enterprise finance and based on case studies in Uganda, presents empirical findings of the promise and limits of contractual innovations in micro credit.
The HADES (High Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer) is an experimental
apparatus installed at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI, Darmstadt.
The main physics motivation of the HADES experiment is the measurement
of e+e− pairs in the invariant-mass range up to 1 GeV/c2 in heavy-ion collisions
as well as in pion and proton-induced reactions.
The HADES physics program is focused on in-medium properties of the light
vector mesons ρ(770), ω(783) and φ(1020), which decay with a small branching
ratio into dileptons. Dileptons are penetrating probes which allow to study
the in-medium properties of hadrons. However, in heavy-ion collisions, the
measurement of such lepton pairs is difficult because they are rare and have a
very large combinatorial background.
Recently, HADES has been upgraded with new detectors and new electronics
in order to handle higher intensity beams and reactions with heavy nuclei up
to Au.
HADES will continue for a few more years its rich physics program at its
current place at SIS-18 and then move to the upcoming international Facility
for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) accelerator complex. In this context
the physics results presented in this work are important prerequisites for the investigation
of in-medium vector meson properties in p + A and A+A collisions.
This work consists of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the physics
motivation and a review of recent physics results. In the second chapter, the
HADES spectrometer is described and its sub-detectors are presented. Chapter
three deals with the issue of lepton identification and the reconstruction of
the dielectron spectra in p + p collisions is presented. Here, two reactions
are characterized: inclusive and exclusive dilepton production reactions. From
the spectra obtained, the corresponding cross sections are presented with the
respective statistical and systematical errors. A comparison with theoretical
models is included as well. Conclusions are given in chapter four.
The final part of this work is dedicated to the HADES upgrade, whose goal
is among others the achievement of a reliable and fast data acquisition of the
Multiwire Drift Chambers (MDCs). Chapter five presents my contribution to
this successful project during the three years of my stay at GSI.
The essays collected in this volume are, by the depth of their analysis and the breath of their vision, indeed 'No Trifling Matter'. They are a chronicle of the events in contemporary Cameroonian society, especially as concerns the conduct of public affairs therein. Over and above its relevance for our own time, this chronicle will, in the decades that lie ahead, serve as a rich source of information, opinion and comment which future generations, anxious to understand the making of an era whose impact, positive or negative, is destined to survive long after the longest-living of its principal actors and actresses shall have disappeared from the face of the Earth, will find a great benefit. Rotcod Gobata has, through these essays, lit and placed on a pedestal, a candle whose flame shall never die and whose glow shall serve as a beacon to guide and to inspire generations yet unborn.
Each of the essays in this book is marked by a certain simplicity and clarity, a seriousness tinged with humour, masking a profundity that are unmistakably characteristic of Godfrey B. Tangwa alias Rodcod Gobata, one of the leading critical minds amongst Cameroonians. The essays are centred on the theme of democracy and meritocracy which the author believes to be the pre-conditions for genuine development in Africa. The immediate focus of these essays is Cameroon, a country remarkable for experimenting with French/English bilingualism and for having a political dictatorship which claims, wrongly or rightly, to have transformed itself into a democracy; but they are equally relevant to other countries in Africa and beyond. Each of the essays stands alone but they are all telling various aspects of the same story from various angles at various times using different modes of expression. Anyone who seeks a glimpse of understanding of the trouble with Africa and particularly with Cameroon, 10 years into the 21st century, would read this book with great profit.
For millennia, Africans have lived on the African continent, in close contact with the diversities of nature: floral, faunal and human; and in so doing they have developed cultures, values, attitudes and perspectives to the problems, ethical and otherwise, that have arisen from the existential pressures of their situation. The problem, however, is that such values and perspectives do not necessarily form coherent ethical theories. Theory-making is a second order activity requiring a certain amount of leisure and comfort which the existential conditions of life on the African continent have not easily permitted in the retrospect-able past. The elements of African bioethics are to be found in its cultural values, traditions, customs and practices. These are research-able, highlight-able and usable by those who would. The bioethical problems of our current global existential situation are such that all possible solutions, no matter their provenance, ought to be tried. Western culture has far too loud a voice combined with deaf ears in contemporary ethical discourse. But it should never be forgotten that other cultures have their own word to say and that alternative values, ways of thinking and practices exist, and attempt should always be made to bring these out and to highlight them, if they could possibly contribute to the satisfactory solution of a global problem. This book brings together various papers on bioethical issues and problems, written at different times, some previously published, each of which attempts to bring out some African elements, perspective or concern. The African narrative style predominates through these essays but their framing conforms, more or less, to the Western paradigm for presenting academic issues.
U ovome se članku obrađuju posuđenice mletačkoga podrijetla u sjevernočakavskom govoru Boljuna u sjeveroistočnoj Istri. Cilj rada bio je etimološki obraditi pridjeve i imenice iz semantičke domene karakternih osobina koji nisu bili uvršteni u Skokov Etimologijski rječnik ni u Vinjine Jadranske etimologije. Polazišna građa ekscerpirana je iz rukopisnoga Rječnika boljunskih govora Ivana Francetića, provjerena je na terenu te je etimološkom i leksičkom analizom dovedena u vezu s istromletačkim, venecijanskim, tršćanskim i talijanskim (etymologia proxima) te s latinskim ili drugim etimonom (etymologia remota), a na sinkronijskoj i dijatopijskoj razini s rječničkim potvrdama u ostalim čakavskim govorima Istre, Kvarnera i Dalmacije.