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Die im Heft 1/2001 dieser Zeitschrift angekündigte Fortsetzung der im Jahr 1998 veröffentlichten Liste aller im Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt (LAU) vorliegenden Pflege- und Entwicklungspläne, Studien sowie Gutachten zu Schutzgebieten kann aus Platzgründen nicht veröffentlicht werden. Sie steht aber in der Internetpräsentation des LAU zur Verfügung.
In Georg Büchners Jubiläumsjahr seines 200. Geburtstages sind die 1824-1826 in juristischen Fachzeitschriften publizierten, inzwischen längst vergessenen Gutachten von Georg Büchners Vater Ernst erneut unter dem Titel "Versuchter Selbstmord mit Stecknadeln" veröffentlicht worden. Die depressive Patientin des titelgebenden Berichts gab an, zunächst 30 und später dann 300 Stecknadeln in suizidaler Absicht verschluckt und unbeeinträchtigt wieder ausgeschieden zu haben. Ernst Büchner hielt das nicht für glaubhaft; zur experimentellen Überprüfung schaffte er einen großen Dachshund an, dem er Stecknadeln ins Futter mischte, um ihn dann zu töten, den Bauchraum zu eröffnen und die erhöhte Peristaltik des Darms zu beobachten [...]. Am 18. Dezember 1836 hatte der Vater die Übersendung eines Buchpaketes angekündigt, das auch Exemplare dieses Gutachtens enthielt; der inzwischen in theoretischer Medizin habilitierte Sohn sollte sie exemplarisch mit seinen Studenten in Zürich durchgehen. Georg Büchner, der seinem Woyzeck-Drama, mit dem er zu dieser Zeit intensiv beschäftigt war, medizinisch-psychiatrische Gutachten des Falles Woyzeck – u.a. von Johann Christian August Clarus - zugrundelegte, war durch die Sendung seines Vaters "[k]urz vor seinem Tod [...] noch einmal mit dem absurden Schrecken konfrontiert, der vom Nadelexperiment ausgeht. Woyzecks mörderische Erbsen-Diät ist mit diesem grotesken und in der sinnlosen Summierung der verschluckten und ausgeschiedenen Nadeln durchaus komischen Experiment wahrlich verwandt." Der Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags wird jedoch nicht auf dem Vergleich des juristisch-moralischen Ansatzes des Vaters und des Sohnes bei der Beurteilung der zugrundliegenden Fallgeschichten liegen, sondern auf der grundsätzlichen Struktur einer Subjektivierung durch Disziplinierung, durch Strategien des Überwachens und Strafens, die Georg Büchner als grundsätzliche sozialpolitische, psychologische und moralische Erkenntnis diesen Fallgeschichten abgewinnt, um sie in eine dramatische Form zu überführen.
Anhand von drei OU im Zuge von Bundesstraßen wird dargestellt, wie die überörtliche Biotopverbundplanung dazu beitragen kann, Eingriffe nicht nur punktuell-lokal, sondern im größeren Zusammenhang der Biotopverbundsysteme zu bewerten und zu bewältigen. Die Biotopverbundplanung stellt einen Ideen- und Flächenpool bereit, Maßnahmen aus nicht ausgleichbaren Eingriffen sinnvoll zu konzentrieren und mit bestmöglicher Wirkung für Natur und Landschaft umzusetzen. Die Straßenbauverwaltung greift die Vorschläge der Biotopverbundplanung gern auf, wie weitere, bereits realisierte Vorhaben zeigen. Allerdings darf man nicht übersehen, dass Kompensationsmaßnahmen für Eingriffe an anderer Stelle bestenfalls dazu beitragen, die Qualität der Biotopverbundsysteme auf dem gegenwärtigen Stand zu erhalten.
Nichts scheint besser geeignet, um sich den Eurozentrismus, den kolonialen Blick abzugewöhnen, als die Beschäftigung mit lateinamerikanischer Literatur. Denn diese Literatur will anders sein, sie definiert sich widersprüchlich und provokativ als eine fremde, nicht-europäische Literatur. Die selbstgewählten Markenzeichen heißen: >realísmo mágico< und >real maravilloso< [...] Das Werk von Gabriel García Márquez, des vierten unter den fünf lateinamerikanischen Nobelpreisträgern, und des gegenwärtig weltweit erfolgreichsten lateinamerikanischen Autors scheint mit seiner >tropischen Phantasie<, seinem >eigenen Schwerkraftgesetz< ein besonders gutes Beispiel der ganz elementaren exotischen Phantasie zu sein.
Ten genera of cyanophytes and 73 genera of algae were found in the guts of Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Culiseta larvae collected in various breeding places of the Elbe-Lowland (Bohemia) and Prague. The quality and quantity of blue-green algae and algae found in mosquito guts depended on their presence in the water of mosquito breeding places and on the feeding type (filter fieders, scrapers) of mosquito larvae. Chlorophycean algae possesing cell wall with sporopollenin and algae with a mucilagenous (jelly) envelope appeared undamaged by the digestive process. Also spores and resting stages tended to pass undamaged through the larval intestine tract.
Pokračujúc v zámere predchádzajúceho príspevku tento text otvára znova problém recepcie Kantovho vymedzenia kategórie vznešeného. Variácie, ktoré vykonávajú Schopenhauer, Nietzsche a Adorno predstavujú inovatívne prístupy. Premostenie dejín tejto estetickej kategórie do 20.storočia v myslení sledovaných autorov predstavuje funkčnosť vznešeného v premenách umeleckého a estetického diskurzu a nabáda k jeho aktualizovaniu v súčasnosti.
Životopis Mije Lončarića
(2011)
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition counteracts breast cancer-associated lung metastasis
(2018)
Metastasis formation requires active energy production and is regulated at multiple levels by mitochondrial metabolism. The hyperactive metabolism of cancer cells supports their extreme adaptability and plasticity and facilitates resistance to common anticancer therapies. In spite the potential relevance of a metastasis metabolic control therapy, so far, limited experience is available in this direction. Here, we evaluated the effect of the recently described α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) inhibitor, (S)-2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl) amino] succinic acid (AA6), in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer 4T1 and in other human breast cancer cell lines. In all conditions, AA6 altered Krebs cycle causing intracellular α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) accumulation. Consequently, the activity of the α-KG-dependent epigenetic enzymes, including the DNA demethylation ten-eleven translocation translocation hydroxylases (TETs), was increased. In mice, AA6 injection reduced metastasis formation and increased 5hmC levels in primary tumours. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo treatment with AA6 determined an α-KG accumulation paralleled by an enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). This epigenetically remodelled metabolic environment efficiently counteracted the initiating steps of tumour invasion inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, AA6 treatment could be linked to upregulation of the NO-sensitive anti-metastatic miRNA 200 family and down-modulation of EMT-associated transcription factor Zeb1 and its CtBP1 cofactor. This scenario led to a decrease of the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and to an impairment of 4T1 aggressiveness. Overall, our data suggest that AA6 determines an α-KG-dependent epigenetic regulation of the TET–miR200–Zeb1/CtBP1–MMP3 axis providing an anti-metastatic effect in a mouse model of breast cancer-associated metastasis.
Purpose: Recent studies demonstrated a contribution of adrenoceptors (ARs) to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Several AR subtypes are expressed in joint tissues and the β2-AR subtype seems to play a major role during OA progression. However, the importance of β2-AR has not yet been investigated in knee OA. Therefore, we examined the development of knee OA in β2-AR-deficient (Adrb2-/-) mice after surgical OA induction.
Methods: OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in male wildtype (WT) and Adrb2-/- mice. Cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation were evaluated by histological scoring. Subchondral bone remodeling was analyzed using micro-CT. Osteoblast (alkaline phosphatase - ALP) and osteoclast (cathepsin K - CatK) activity were analyzed by immunostainings. To evaluate β2-AR deficiency-associated effects, body weight, sympathetic tone (splenic norepinephrine (NE) via HPLC) and serum leptin levels (ELISA) were determined. Expression of the second major AR, the α2-AR, was analyzed in joint tissues by immunostaining.
Results: WT and Adrb2-/- DMM mice developed comparable changes in cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. Adrb2-/- DMM mice displayed elevated calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate thickness as well as increased epiphyseal BV/TV compared to WTs, while there were no significant differences in Sham animals. In the subchondral bone of Adrb2-/- mice, osteoblasts activity increased and osteoclast activity deceased. Adrb2-/- mice had significantly higher body weight and fat mass compared to WT mice. Serum leptin levels increased in Adrb2-/- DMM compared to WT DMM without any difference between the respective Shams. There was no difference in the development of meniscal ossicles and osteophytes or in the subarticular trabecular microstructure between Adrb2-/- and WT DMM as well as Adrb2-/- and WT Sham mice. Number of α2-AR-positive cells was lower in Adrb2-/- than in WT mice in all analyzed tissues and decreased in both Adrb2-/- and WT over time.
Conclusion: We propose that the increased bone mass in Adrb2-/- DMM mice was not only due to β2-AR deficiency but to a synergistic effect of OA and elevated leptin concentrations. Taken together, β2-AR plays a major role in OA-related subchondral bone remodeling and is thus an attractive target for the exploration of novel therapeutic avenues.
Although, during the past decades, substantial advances emerged in identifying major local and systemic factors contributing to initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), some neuroendocrine mechanisms are still not understood or even neglected when thinking about novel therapeutic options. One of which is the sympathetic nervous system that exhibits various OA-promoting effects in different tissues of the joint. Interestingly, the β2-adrenoceptor (AR) mediates the majority of these effects as demonstrated by several in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical studies. This review article does not only summarize studies of the past two decades demonstrating that the β2-AR plays an OA-promoting role in different tissues of the joint but also aims to encourage the reader to think about next-level research to discover novel and innovative preventive and/or therapeutic strategies targeting the β2-AR in OA.
Λ+c production and baryon-to-meson ratios in pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC
(2021)
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2<pT<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S. At low pT, predictions that include additional colour-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-colour approximation; assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states; or include hadronisation via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e+e− and e−p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
A measurement of the production of prompt +c baryons in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The +c and − c were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) via the hadronic decay channel +c → pK0 S (and charge conjugate) in the transverse momentum and centrality intervals 6 < pT < 12 GeV/c and 0–80%. The +c /D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the charm quark hadronisation mechanisms in the medium, is measured and found to be larger than the ratio measured in minimum-bias pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. In particular, the values in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions differ by about two standard deviations of the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties in the common pT interval covered by the measurements in the two collision systems. The + c /D0 ratio is also compared with model calculations including different implementations of charm quark hadronisation. The measured ratio is reproduced by models implementing a pure coalescence scenario, while adding a fragmentation contribution leads to an underestimation. The + c nuclear modification factor, RAA, is also presented. The measured values of the RAA of + c , D+ s and non-strange D mesons are compatible within the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. They show, however, a hint of a hierarchy (RD0 AA < RD+ s AA < R+ c AA ), conceivable with a contribution from coalescence mechanisms to charm hadron formation in the medium.
The production cross section of prompt Λ+c charm baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c baryons were reconstructed in the hadronic decay channels Λ+c→pK−π+ and Λ+c→pK0S and respective charge conjugates. The measured differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the pT-integrated Λ+c production cross section in pp and in p-Pb collisions are presented. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and in p-Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of D mesons. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also presented and compared with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S, and measurements from other LHC experiments. The results are compared to predictions from model calculations and Monte Carlo event generators.
The pT-differential production cross section of prompt Λ +c charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at midrapidity. The Λ +c and Λ¯¯¯¯c¯¯¯ were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes Λ +c → pK−π+, Λ +c → pK 0S and in the semileptonic channel Λ +c → e+νeΛ (and charge conjugates). The measured values of the Λ +c/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity and pT intervals, where the Λ +c production process may differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the Λ +c nuclear modification factor, RpPb, is also presented. The RpPb is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm quark interactions with a deconfined medium.
The first measurements of the scattering parameters of ΛK pairs in all three charge combinations (ΛK+, ΛK−, and ΛK0S) are presented. The results are achieved through a femtoscopic analysis of ΛK correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The femtoscopic correlations result from strong final-state interactions, and are fit with a parametrization allowing for both the characterization of the pair emission source and the measurement of the scattering parameters for the particle pairs. Extensive studies with the THERMINATOR 2 event generator provide a good description of the non-femtoscopic background, which results mainly from collective effects, with unprecedented precision. Furthermore, together with HIJING simulations, this model is used to account for contributions from residual correlations induced by feed-down from particle decays. The extracted scattering parameters indicate that the strong force is repulsive in the ΛK+ interaction and attractive in the ΛK− interaction. The data hint that the and ΛK0S interaction is attractive, however the uncertainty of the result does not permit such a decisive conclusion. The results suggest an effect arising either from different quark-antiquark interactions between the pairs (ss¯ in ΛK+ and uu¯¯¯ in ΛK−) or from different net strangeness for each system (S = 0 for ΛK+, and S = −2 for ΛK−). Finally, the ΛK systems exhibit source radii larger than expected from extrapolation from identical particle femtoscopic studies. This effect is interpreted as resulting from the separation in space-time of the single-particle Λ and K source distributions.
W2NCl7 has been prepared by the reaction of tungsten pentachloride with the bromide of Millon's base, [Hg2N]Br, in boiling CCl4. The product forms a dark brown, moisture sensitive crystal powder (μeff = 0.7 B.M. at 21 °C). With phosphoryl chloride, the complex W2NCl7·2 POCl3 is formed. The reaction with chlorine leads to the mixed-valenced W(V)/W(VI) complex W2NCl8 (μeff = 0.5 B.M. at 22 °C), which reacts with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride in CH2Cl2 to form (PPh4)2[W2NCl10] ·2CH2Cl2. The reactions of W2NCl7 with PPh4Cl in molar ratios in CH2Cl2 solution lead to several complexes; one of them was identified bv X-ray diffraction methods to be (PPh4)2[W3Cl9(μ3-N)(0)(μ2-NCl)]2 ·1,5 CH2Cl2, which forms black crystals. The compound crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/n with two formula units per unit cell (7318 observed, independent reflexions, R = 0.083). The lattice dimensions are (20 °C): a = 994.4; b = 2673; c = 1518.2 pm; β = 101.00°. The compound consists of PPh4⊕ cations and centrosymmetric anions [W3Cl9(μ3-N)(O)(μ2-NCl)]22⊕. The tungsten atoms form a scalene triangle with WW bond lengths of 282 and 278 pm, respectively. The hypothenuse of this triangle is a nearly linear W - N -W bridge with WN distances of 199 and 182 pm. One of the WW edges is bridged by a μ-NCI group with WN bond lengths of 196 und 189 pm. respectively.