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Durch ein close reading zweier der bekanntesten Gedichte aus der Sammlung "Morgue" (1912) von Gottfried Benn – "Kleine Aster” and "Schöne Jugend" – wird der deutsche Expressionismus definiert und in seinen Merkmalen erklärt.
Franz Kafka: raízes
(1997)
This text attempts to follow the roots of Franz Kalka's works, looking for them in different concentric and excentric circles. A first and narrow circle is made up of Kafka's family, with the domineering figure of the authoritarian father. A second and wider circle is that of the Jews in Prague, condemned to a position of outsiders. This condition is also that of the third and still wider circle, that of the German speaking population of Prague at the beginning of the century. The roots that emerge from these circles are conditioning factors for Kafka's own position as an outsider, but at the same time they enable him to take on the role of the poet as prophet.
Teatro expressionista
(1997)
This paper discusses expressionist theatre, its thematic and dramatic aspects, and its most important authors.
Pontos básicos da trajetória intelectual de Habermas são reconstruidos à luz de seu confronto com Rawls. Assinalam-se os limites da pretensão habermasiana a uma universalidade superior à rawlsiana. Argumenta-se que o livro de 1962 sobre "mudanças estruturais da esfera pública" já encerra as questões que encontrarão desdobramento mais tarde, inclusive na "teoria da ação comunicativa" de 1981. O artigo vai no sentido de uma reconstrução crítica de alguns problemas centrais do programa de pesquisa de Habermas. No final, retoma-se o confronto com Rawls.
Ênfase na análise imanente no seu sentido mais forte, ou remessa às condições históricas da produção dos textos? Neste artigo destinado ao exame crítico desses livros argumenta-se que, estando em jogo obras de um autor que se move no universo do marxismo (Ressentimento da dialética e O fio da meada, de Paulo Arantes) a disjuntiva remete a Adorno ou a Lukács, autores centrais para Arantes.
No contraste entre a tradição alemã de ênfase na Bildung no sentido de auto-formação individual e as concepções contemporâneas de Habermas, que retira do indivíduo a condição de fonte do sentido, o autor encontra o ângulo para submeter a obra deste a uma análise crítica. No trajeto, examina a relevância de clássicos como Freud e Weber para esse debate.
Passado meio século da publicação da Dialética do Esclarecimento de Horkheimer e Adorno, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre o significado dessa obra no seu momento e agora. Para isto sugere-se uma interpretação dos argumentos básicos da sua parte dedicada ao anti-semitismo, especialmente no que concerne à referência dos autores aos "limites do Esclarecimento".
Após um exame de alguns problemas não resolvidos no feminismo analisam-se, a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, dois importantes modelos teóricos da atualidade: o de Habermas e o de Luhmann, este visto como oferecendo uma perspectiva da "diferença". No final reflete-se sobre o tipo de políticas que resultaria de posições não mais limitadas a uma concepção rígida da questão da identidade.
This paper analyses the idea of the avant-garde in Benjamin and its reception in German literary criticism after World War II. It examines the works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger, who focus on the concept of avantgarde. This perspective allows us to broaden our reflection on German literary history since the end of World War II, and this contributes to the discussion on Postmodernism. The elaboration of the concept of allegory gives this discussion a clearer direction. Benjamin's key-notion of profane illumination was not received in a theoretical-philological way – but it materialized as experience in the students' revolt at the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s.
This article deals with the notion of reality. During the last twenty years, public discourse in Western societies has identified the opposition between the real and the virtual as one of the cultural key questions. Taking concrete examples as a point of departure, the paper investigates the semantics of the polysemic tems virtual and real. A semiotic model of the relation between (human) organisms, concepts and signs is used in order to demonstrate that the virtual cannot be adequately described as something opposed to reality, but must be seen as an indispensable part of it. The way in which organisms constitute reality is discussed in the light of the basic cognitive operations of categorization and the formation of conceptual relations, and also of their linguistic counterparts. The apparent conflict between the real and the virtual, which has led many critics to develop apocalyptic visions of the end of civilization, is, in fact, a phantom, product of an outdated theory of semantics.
This paper discusses the question of how Translation Theory and German Philology can be helpful to each other. It starts with some general observations on the history of the German Language with special emphasis on Middle High German. In the second part, a Middle High German Poem is translated into Portuguese.
This paper examines four German transportation verbs with the prefix weg-, concentrating on their syntax and their semantic and pragmatic interpretations. The empirical data investigated are from across-linguistic Corpus of German and Brazilian Portuguese as foreign languages. The analysis is based on the concept of focus, which is defined as a point on the path along which the patient of the process moves. The focus must be either mentioned or contextually evident. Each transportation verb will be able to establish a typical focus. German prefix-verbs with weg- are characterized by a focus-conflict that can be resolved through different interpretation strategies.
This paper deals with the linguistic situation of the European Union, especially considering the role played by the German language. Beginning with some general remarks on the historical mechanisms that may influence the relative importance of a given language on a global scale, the history of the German language is discussed with the aim of explaining its present situation as the language with the greatest number of native speakers in Europe. which, at the same time, plays a relatively unimportant role in international communication.
Aspectos dos tempos verbais
(1998)
In this paper I present two tenses of the German verbal system, the so called Doppelperfekt and Doppelplusquamperfekt. Although these tenses have only been marginally dealt with in the grammars, more studies have recently been made on them within the field of Linguistics. In order to describe these tenses, I will concentrate on the following authors: Hauser-Suida & Hoppe-Beugel (1972), Eroms (1984), Thieroff (1992) und Vater (1994). The tenses will be analysed formally and their meaning and usage illustrated with examples taken from the articles above.
In September of 1997, a group of German and Brazilian literary critics met at the University of São Paulo, in order to comment on the aesthetics of two great soccer schools. As our "basic text" we chose the match Germany vs Brazil (final score: 3 : 3; half-time score: 0 : 3), which took place in Washington, in June 1993, between the two tripte World Champions. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (Stanford University) proposed a philosophical reflection on football/Fußball, combined with a comparative analysis of soccer and American football. In both modalities he identified the magic phenomenon of "production of presence", which expresses itself through three functions: the ontological function (action vs nothing), the "epiphany of form" (the touch of genius) and the oscillation between finality and telos (linked to the mise-en-scène of intention and contingency). These three functions manifest themselves in both American football and soccer, but in different forms. Flávio Aguiar (University of Säo Paulo) pointed out the phenomenon of empty spaces and the occupation of space. Antonio Medina (University of São Paulo) contrasted the somewhat ontologic character of American football with the mimetic character of soccer, especially as played in Brazil, where the paradigm of masters and slaves is still present. José Miguel Wisnik (University of São Paulo) elaborated on the dialectics of production of presence (resistance against interpretation, "no-hermeneutics") and production of sense. In his reply, Gumbrecht explained that the concepts of empty and occupied space imply religious allusions (transcendental emptiness). Willi Bolle (University of São Paulo) raised the question of the extent to which the issue of aesthetics, seen from the perspective of American football and soccer, must be totally reconsidered.
This article deals with the annotations made by Victor Klemperer, in the diary of his 1925 journey to Rio de Janeiro. His descriptions are shown to be pervaded by his constant attempt to analyse, to interpret objectively and to compare his observations with what he already knew, and not merely a protocol of his emotions and the impressions brought about by the newness and the exotism of his experiences during the journey.
O olhar estrangeiro
(1998)
This text tries to illustrate what we understand by strangeness, alterity and exotopy. From the point of view of a stranger, we, as Brazilians, see and read products of foreign cultures in an exotopic way, which is quite productive. The same occurs with Germans looking at US, which gives us another view of ourselves. As an illustration, the poem "calypso" from Ernst Jandl will be discussed in this context.
This paper aims to present a type of verb which serves to connect two or more propositions to each other in a way similar to that carried out by connectors such as conjunctions and prepositions. It is the objective of this paper to classify the types of semantic connections they establish, such as cause and effect, equivalence, and temporality. Verbs with this type of connectivity are called "connection verbs". They are investigated both in German and Portuguese, organized according to the semantic relations they indicate, and described by means of syntactic and semantic criteria.
This text aims to describe and to discuss the two different images of Brazil present in the travel notes and in the poetry of the German writer Marie Luise Kaschnitz.