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The botanical exploration of Eastern Asia by European travellers and botanists has for a long time attracted the author's attention, and the greater part of the materials for the present work were brought together, many years ago, from various sources of information, frequently unprinted, some of which were only obtainable in China. ...
Milah books & manuals
(2009)
1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Aim of project .To compare the abundance of invertebrate and weed seed food resources available to birds on orzanic and conventional farmland. The objective of the studv was to assess accurately the likely benefit of these farming systems to birds feeding on farrn'land, by sampling invertebrates and weed seeds. 1.1.2 Factors implicit to achieving the project aims Variation between farms within one system could influence' invertebrate or weed seed abundance and bias results, To minimise such effects and provide results 'representative of the farming systems as a whole, sampling was based on an extensive approach; farms were sampled in groups. The inference that either of the farming systems is beneficial to feeding birds is dependent on: (i) prior knowledge of the relevance of a particular invertebrate or seed as a food-source: evidence (ii) that this foodsource is present in sufficient abundance and (iii) that the food-source is readily accessible, The methodology described below was refined to address these criteria. 1.1.3 Methodology Sampling concentrated on cereal crops, with an additional comparison of organic grass ley fields at a limited number of sites. Sampling initially consisted of sucking invertebrates from the crop using a vacuum insect net and extraction from soil cores. To aid the interpretation of results from this sampling, it was decided that more information was required on the diet of birds. This was achieved by analysing faecal sacs for undigested fragments of invertebrates that therefore represented a dietary component. Skylark chick faecal sacs were chosen for analysis as this was the key species for the intensive ornithological studies and samples could be taken during routine fieldwork. As a result of this study, the main invertebrate sampling technique was changed to pitfall traps, since this was a superior method for assessing those invertebrates found to be important food-sources. It was also anticipated that pitfall trapping would provide more accurate estimates of invertebrate availability, with greater numbers per sample, than the previous two techniques. Studies of weed seed food resources consisted of field surveys using a quadrat to assess the presence and abundance of species, and the use of a small hand held suction machine to suck seeds from post-harvest stubble. The interpretation of the results emphasised the aspects of the ecology of species known to be food-sources that might influence their availability to birds. 1.2 Soil core and vacuum samples 1.2.1 Significantly more dipteran immature stages and Coleoptera were found in soil cores on organic grass ley fields and significantly more earthworms on organic cereal fields than conventional cereal fields. Earthworms and dipteran larvae such as tipulids are known to be important food-sources for birds that specialize in soil invertebrates. 1.2.2 Total numbers of invertebrates trapped by both methods did not differ significantly between the two farming systems. Significantly more invertebrates were trapped, however, by both methods on organic grass ley fields than either conventional or organic cereals. 1.2.3 Significantly more Staphylinidae tCol.), especially the species Tachyporus hypnorum, were found on conventional fields, The relevance of this species as a food-source is, however, doubtful. 1.2.4 The weevil Sitona lineatus and the carabid Demetrias atricapillus were found in significantly greater numbers on organic fields. The former may constitute a food-source for skylarks, which have been shown to feed on this insect under laboratory conditions. 1.3 Faecal sac analysis 1.3.1 Carabid beetles were an important component of skylark chick diet, forming 47 % of identifications. In some cases it was possible to identify the species present. 1.3.2 Coleoptera, other than carabids, from the families Elateridae, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae and Staphylinidae were identified as food-sources. 1.3.3 Spiders and tipul ids were also important components. 1.3.4 Reservations are expressed that the technique may under-represent soft-bodied invertebrates, which are susceptible to complete digestion by skylark chicks. 1.4 Pitfall trap samples 1.4.1 Twelve key species of carabid beetles were analysed. of which five cornmon species were trapped in significantly greater numbers on organic farms. These were Pterostichus melanarius (the dominant species captured), Pterostichus madidus, Harpalus affinis, Harpalus rufipes and Nebria brevi collis. The other species analysed showed no significant variance between farming systems. 1.4.2 Williams' Index of Diversity was significantly greater for conventional fields, although caution is expressed over the reliability of this result due to the small sample size of species. 1.5 Botanical studies 1.5.1 The abundance of weed plants in quadrats was significantly greater on organic fields. 1.5.2 The abundance of weed seeds was not significantly different between farming systems. However, the relative proportions of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds in samples differed between farming systems. A larger proportion of the seeds from organic fields were dicotyledonous and from conventional fields were monocotyledonous. 1.5.3 Preliminary examination of the size of plants and the number of seeds produced suggested that those on organic fields may have been nitrogen deficient. 1.5.4 Weed species were significantly more diverse on organic fields. although diversity has less relevance to bird feeding than abundance. 1.6 Proposals for future work 1.6.1 Replication of the pitfall trapping exercise in subsequent years would substantiate the trends established from the data of one season. It would also be beneficial 10 extend the range (If habitats sampled to take into account set-aside and other crops besides cereals. 1.6.2 More comprehensive information. on the diet of farmland birds in general. could he achieved by analysing the faecal sacs of a wider variety of species. 1.6.3 Greater integration of field studies on birds with invertebrate sampling would enhance the effectiveness of the latter as an indicator of diet. Areas of farmland frequently selected as feeding sites by birds could be sampled intensively for invertebrates and compared to other areas, selected at random. This would provide useful information on the invertebrates likely to be important as food-sources and the habitats that favour them. 1.6.4 Extending the range of farms sampled would provide more accurate results. 1.6.5 More work is required to-investigate the possible link between nitrogen deficiency in plams and organic systems, and its implications for the provision of bird food-sources, particularly for weed abundance and phytophagous insects.
The Chanukah omission
(2008)
Conviviality in Bellville: An Ethnography of Space, Place, Mobility and Being in Urban South Africa
(2014)
This book provides insight into the experiences of mobility and migration in contemporary South Africa, contributing to a field of literature about multiculturalism and urban public space in globalizing cities. It takes into consideration the greater international political and local socio-economic factors that drive migration, relationships and conviviality, and how they are intertwined in the everyday narrative of 'insiders' and 'outsiders'. The Bellville central business district demonstrates the realities of interconnected local and global hierarchies of citizenship and belonging and how they emerge in a world of accelerated mobility. The book further demonstrates how the emergence of conviviality in everyday public life represents a critical field for contemplating contemporary notions of human rights, citizenship and belonging.
Urbanization in Africa also means rapid technological change. At the turn of the 21st century, mobile telephony appeared in urban Africa. Ten years later, it covered large parts of rural Africa and thanks to the smartphone became the main access to the internet. This development is part of technological transformations in digitalization that are supposed to bridge the urban and the rural and will make their borders blurred. They do so through the creation of economic opportunities, the flow of information and by influencing peoples definition of self, belonging and citizenship. These changes are met with huge optimism and the message of Information and Communications Technologies for Development (ICT4D) for Africa has been one of glory and revolution. Practice, however, reveals other sides. Increasingly, academic publications show that we are facing a new form of digital divide in which Africa is (again) at the margins. These technological transformations influence the relation between urban and rural Africa, and between Africa and the World, and hence the field of African Studies both in its objects as well as in its forms of knowledge production and in the formulation of the problems we should study. In this lecture, Mirjam de Bruijn reflects on two decades of research experience in West and Central Africa and discusses how, for her, the field has changed. The author was forced to decolonize her thinking even further, and to enter into co-creation in knowledge production. How can these lessons be translated into a form of critical knowledge production and how does the study of technological change inform the redefinition of African Studies for the 21st century?
Parading respectability: The cultural and moral aesthetics of the Christmas Bands Movement in the Western Cape, South Africa is an intimate and incisive portrait of the Christmas Bands Movement in the Western Cape of South Africa. Drawing on her own on background as well as her extended research study period during which she became a band member and was closely involved in its day-to-day affairs, the author, Dr Sylvia Bruinders, documents this centuries-old expressive practice of ushering in the joy of Christmas through music by way of a social history of the coloured communities. In doing so, she traces the slave origins of the Christmas Bands Movement, as well as how the oppressive and segregationist injustices of both colonialism and apartheid, together with the civil liberties afforded in the South African Constitution (1996) after the country became a democracy in 1994 have shaped the movement.
This study investigates supralaryngeal mechanisms of the two way voicing contrast among German velar stops and the three way contrast among Korean velar stops, both in intervocalic position. Articulatory data won via electromagnetic articulography of three Korean speakers and acoustic recordings of three Korean and three German speakers are analysed. It was found that in both languages the voicing contrast is created by more than one mechanism. However, one can say that for Korean velar stops in intervocalic position stop closure duration is the most important parameter. For German it is closure voicing. The results support the phonological description proposed by Kohler (1984).
Campground
(2017)
Through poetry and fiction that engage the readers heart and mind, Loretta Burns explores the beauties, perils, and mysteries of day to day life. With a graceful simplicity of style and an often intimate voice, she represents a range of experiences and observations that include stories and memories of childhood, encounters with nature and music, and poignant reminders of Americas racial history. With delicate craftsmanship and an ear attuned to the eloquence of everyday language, she moves from quiet contemplation to youthful exuberance and from love to the pain of loss with sensitivity and understanding. Implicit throughout is a resilient affirmation of the fractured joy of being human.
My Brother, My Sister
(2012)
The fiery passion and epigrammatic terseness with which Loretta Burns re-enacts her experiences and observations as an African American woman in contemporary America reveal her as a poet of life who transcends the labels African American, feminist, and/or womanist. Her poetry captures moments and scenes of living that echo her impressions and intuitions of a world trapped between appearance and reality, illusion and disillusion, expectation and realization, the material and the spiritual. Through her deceptive simplicity of diction, she explores the nooks and crannies of her psyche as well as her society's. It is a poetry written from the depths of the heart that calls attention to the mystery and sacredness of the everyday. It therefore comes as no surprise that Loretta Burns and Bill F. Ndi, the Cameroonian-born poet with a fierce drive for global peace and the oneness of humanity, should collaborate on a collection of poems. With vibrancy and a sense of urgency, their lines evoke humanity's perpetual struggle for freedom and its search for meaning.
Witch Girl
(2015)
This is modern Lusaka, Zambia, where the line between magic and religion is blurred, the arcane and the mundane muddle and nothing is what it seems. Luse is a sharp street child combing the gang-ridden city in a desperate search for Doctor Georgia Shapiro who she hopes can offer her a way back into her once-bright past. The doctor is trying to unravel the mystery of a friend's sudden death while attending to the AIDS crisis laying waste to the country around her. Meanwhile The Blood Of Christ Church and its enigmatic leader Priestess Selena Clark gain popularity with their murky promises of salvation and violent clandestine rituals. A small silver box links them in ways they cannot foretell. It will force Luse and Georgia to question who they trust, who they are and for whom they fight. Tanvi Bush's Witch girl is a crime thriller that juggles the past and the present effortlessly, blending AIDS activism, witchcraft, religious extremism and romance to create a well-paced narrative. Luse is so feisty, charming and resourceful that you'll miss her after you finish the book.
This crowning collection brings together seven of Bole Butake's finest plays since 1984, namely: Dance of the Vampires; Family Saga; Lake God; Betrothal Without Libation; And Palm Wine Will Flow; The Rape of Michelle; and Shoes. More than an academic, Butake has distinguished himself as a playwright, unearthing and foregrounding the ills, travails and predicaments of a land and people trapped by the blood-dripping impunities of vampires in power. In his rich repertoire of over ten plays, Butake takes sides with the downtrodden, the wretched of the earth, the deprived and the underdogs. His jabs and jibes, aimed at the rulers, are scathing, at times vitriolic. He has excelled at a stubborn determination to ignore the sinecures, lure and allure of power without responsibility.
Removing
(2011)
Melissa Butler lives in Cape Town and Pittsburgh, PA. In the US, she teaches kindergarten. In South Africa, she writes and works with pre schools in the Eastern Cape. She has a Masters degree in Curriculum Theory from Penn State University and a Masters degree in Creative Writing from the University of Cape Town. This is her first book of poetry.
On 20th January 1964, at the Colito Army Barracks just outside Dar es salaam, 15 officers of the Tanganyika Army that was inherited from the colonial state led a mutiny against the independent Tanganyika government. One group went to the State House with the intention of forcing President Julius Nyerere to accept their demands. What would have happened if they had succeeded in entering the State House and if President Nyerere had refused to accept their demands, as he most likely would have done? Anything could have happened and in the worst case scenario Tanzanias history and indeed the history of the whole of Africa would have been seriously affected. This book is about the courage and quick thinking of Peter Bwimbo, the then head of the Presidential Protection Unit and Nyereres Chief Body Guard who, alone, planned and executed an ingenious and successful evacuation of President Nyerere and Vice President Rashid Kawawa, whisking them away from the State House before the mutineers got there. By a clever ruse he convinced the ferry operators on duty before dawn to ferry them across the Kigamboni Creek. From there they walked several miles to a hiding place in a house that was offered by an ordinary citizen and where they stayed until the situation was normalised several days later.
When Amin Cajee left South Africa to join the liberation struggle he believed he had volunteered to serve 'a democratic movement dedicated to bringing down an oppressive and racist regime'. Instead, he writes, in this powerful and courageous memoir, 'I found myself serving a movement that was relentless in exercising power and riddled with corruption'. Fordsburg Fighter traces an extraordinary physical journey - from home in South Africa, to training in Czechoslovakia and the ANC's Kongwa camp in Tanzania to England. The book makes a significant contribution to the hidden history of exile, and documents Cajee's emotional odyssey from idealism to disillusionment.
This monograph focuses on Gnokholo, a precolonial province of Senegal that has long been landlocked because of its eastern position and inhabited by Mandingoans. The decline of the Malian empire in the 15th century has been confined to a situation of geographical marginality in the foothills of the mountains Of the Fouta Djalon. This book reconstructs the geography, history, economy, culture and social structures of the pre-colonial Gnokholo Kingdom. It fills a deficit insofar as social studies have neglected these populations considered as part of a minority culture. Written in a simple and clear style, this book is in keeping with the tradition of the work of Father Boilat. It is an anthropological collection of a body of knowledge revealing various aspects of the country and the inhabitants of the Gnokholo.
War and Peace in Contemporary Eritrean Poetry focuses on Eritrean written poetry from roughly the last three decades of the twentieth century. The poems appear in the anthology Who Needs a Story? Contemporary Eritrean Poetry in Tigrinya, Tigre and Arabic from which a selection is offered here in their original scripts of Ge'ez or Arabic, and in English translation. Who Needs a Story? is the first anthology of contemporary poetry from Eritrea ever published, and War and Peace in Contemporary Eritrean Poetry is the first book on the subject. Therefore, the groundbreaking effort of the former warrants a discussion of its means of cultural production. All of the poets in Who Needs a Story? participated in the Eritrean struggle for independence (1961-91) as freedom fighters and/or as supporters in the Eritrean diaspora. Thus, contemporary Eritrean poetry divides itself between experiences of war and peace, although one can contain the other as well. War and Peace in Contemporary Eritrean Poetry also includes an extended analysis of one of Eritrea's most famous contemporary poets Reesom Haile, as an example of the kind of extended analysis that many of the poets of Who Needs a Story? should stimulate and, last but not least, a meditation on how the author, a non-native speaker, personally becomes involved in Eritrean poetry translation.