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Research on collective resilience processes still lacks a detailed understanding of psychological mechanisms at work when groups cope with adverse conditions, i.e., long-term processes, and how such mechanisms affect physical and mental well-being. As collective resilience will play a crucial part in facing looming climate change-related events such as floods, it is important to investigate these processes further. To this end, this study takes a novel holistic approach by combining resilience research, social psychology, and an archeological perspective to investigate the role of social identity as a collective resilience factor in the past and present. We hypothesize that social identification buffers against the negative effects of environmental threats in participants, which increases somatic symptoms related to stress, in a North Sea region historically prone to floods. A cross-sectional study (N = 182) was conducted to analyze the moderating effects of social identification on the relations between perceived threat of North Sea floods and both well-being and life satisfaction. The results support our hypothesis that social identification attenuates the relationship between threat perception and well-being, such that the relation is weaker for more strongly identified individuals. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find this buffering effect to be present for life satisfaction. Future resilience studies should further explore social identity as a resilience factor and how it operates in reducing environmental stress put on individuals and groups. Further, to help communities living in flood-prone areas better cope with future environmental stress, we recommend implementing interventions strengthening their social identities and hence collective resilience.
ϒ production and nuclear modification at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02TeV
(2021)
The production of ϒ mesons in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN = 5.02 TeV is measured with the muon spectrometer of the ALICE detector at the LHC. The yields as well as the nuclear modification factors are determined in the forward rapidity region 2.5 < y < 4.0, as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum and collision centrality. The results show that the production of the ϒ(1S) meson is suppressed by a factor of about three with respect to the production in proton–proton collisions. For the first time, a significant signal for the ϒ(2S) meson is observed at forward rapidity, indicating a suppression stronger by about a factor 2–3 with respect to the ground state. The measurements are compared with transport, hydrodynamic, comover and statistical hadronisation model calculations.
ϒ production and nuclear modification at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2021)
The production of Υ mesons in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 5 TeV is measured with the muon spectrometer of the ALICE detector at the LHC. The yields as well as the nuclear modification factors are determined in the forward rapidity region 2.5<y<4.0, as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum and collision centrality. The results show that the production of the Υ(1S) meson is suppressed by a factor of about three with respect to the production in proton-proton collisions. For the first time, a significant signal for the Υ(2S) meson is observed at forward rapidity, indicating a suppression stronger by about a factor 2-3 with respect to the ground state. The measurements are compared with transport, hydrodynamic, comover and statistical hadronisation model calculations.
The first measurements of the scattering parameters of ΛK pairs in all three charge combinations (ΛK+, ΛK−, and ΛK0S) are presented. The results are achieved through a femtoscopic analysis of ΛK correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The femtoscopic correlations result from strong final-state interactions, and are fit with a parametrization allowing for both the characterization of the pair emission source and the measurement of the scattering parameters for the particle pairs. Extensive studies with the THERMINATOR 2 event generator provide a good description of the non-femtoscopic background, which results mainly from collective effects, with unprecedented precision. Furthermore, together with HIJING simulations, this model is used to account for contributions from residual correlations induced by feed-down from particle decays. The extracted scattering parameters indicate that the strong force is repulsive in the ΛK+ interaction and attractive in the ΛK− interaction. The data hint that the and ΛK0S interaction is attractive, however the uncertainty of the result does not permit such a decisive conclusion. The results suggest an effect arising either from different quark-antiquark interactions between the pairs (ss¯ in ΛK+ and uu¯¯¯ in ΛK−) or from different net strangeness for each system (S = 0 for ΛK+, and S = −2 for ΛK−). Finally, the ΛK systems exhibit source radii larger than expected from extrapolation from identical particle femtoscopic studies. This effect is interpreted as resulting from the separation in space-time of the single-particle Λ and K source distributions.
The first measurements of the scattering parameters of ΛK pairs in all three charge combinations (ΛK+, ΛK−, and ΛK0S) are presented. The results are achieved through a femtoscopic analysis of ΛK correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The femtoscopic correlations result from strong final-state interactions, and are fit with a parametrization allowing for both the characterization of the pair emission source and the measurement of the scattering parameters for the particle pairs. Extensive studies with the THERMINATOR 2 event generator provide a good description of the non-femtoscopic background, which results mainly from collective effects, with unprecedented precision. Furthermore, together with HIJING simulations, this model is used to account for contributions from residual correlations induced by feed-down from particle decays. The extracted scattering parameters indicate that the strong force is repulsive in the ΛK+ interaction and attractive in the ΛK− interaction. The data hint that the and ΛK0S interaction is attractive, however the uncertainty of the result does not permit such a decisive conclusion. The results suggest an effect arising either from different quark-antiquark interactions between the pairs (ss¯ in ΛK+ and uu¯¯¯ in ΛK−) or from different net strangeness for each system (S = 0 for ΛK+, and S = −2 for ΛK−). Finally, the ΛK systems exhibit source radii larger than expected from extrapolation from identical particle femtoscopic studies. This effect is interpreted as resulting from the separation in space-time of the single-particle Λ and K source distributions.
The production cross section of prompt Λ+c charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c baryons were reconstructed in the hadronic decay channels Λ+c→pK−π+ and Λ+c→pK0S and respective charge conjugates. The measured differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the pT-integrated Λ+c production cross section in pp and in p-Pb collisions are presented. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and in p-Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of D mesons. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also presented and compared with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S, and measurements from other LHC experiments. The results are compared to predictions from model calculations and Monte Carlo event generators.
The production cross section of prompt Λ+c charm baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c baryons were reconstructed in the hadronic decay channels Λ+c→pK−π+ and Λ+c→pK0S and respective charge conjugates. The measured differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the pT-integrated Λ+c production cross section in pp and in p-Pb collisions are presented. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and in p-Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of D mesons. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also presented and compared with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S, and measurements from other LHC experiments. The results are compared to predictions from model calculations and Monte Carlo event generators.
The production cross section of prompt Λ+c charm baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c baryons were reconstructed in the hadronic decay channels Λ+c→pK−π+ and Λ+c→pK0S and respective charge conjugates. The measured differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the pT-integrated Λ+c production cross section in pp and in p-Pb collisions are presented. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and in p-Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of D mesons. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also presented and compared with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S, and measurements from other LHC experiments. The results are compared to predictions from model calculations and Monte Carlo event generators.
Λ+c production and baryon-to-meson ratios in pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC
(2021)
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2<pT<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S. At low pT, predictions that include additional colour-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-colour approximation; assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states; or include hadronisation via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e+e− and e−p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
Λ+c production and baryon-to-meson ratios in pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC
(2021)
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2<pT<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S. At low pT, predictions that include additional colour-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-colour approximation; assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states; or include hadronisation via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e+e− and e−p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
Λ+c production and baryon-to-meson ratios in pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC
(2021)
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2<pT<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S. At low pT, predictions that include additional colour-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-colour approximation; assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states; or include hadronisation via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e+e− and e−p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
Hintergrund: Das Kindesalter wurde bei der Entwicklung von wirksamen Präventions- und Interventionsprogrammen bei Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit bisher kaum berücksichtigt. PROTECTdissonanz wurde daher als 1-stündiges dissonanzbasiertes universelles Primärpräventionsprogramm für die Klassenstufe 5 konzipiert. Die vorliegende Pilotstudie überprüft die unmittelbaren Effekte der Dissonanzinduktion auf die Einstellung zum Gaming. Methodik: In einem einarmigen A+B-Design mit drei Messzeitpunkten (T0, T1, T2) wurde die Einstellung zum Gaming anhand des Gaming Attitude Test (GAT) erfasst. In die Baselinesequenz (Sequenz A, T0 bis T1, Teilstichprobe) wurden N = 83 Schüler_innen eingeschlossen (Alter: M = 10.27; SD = 0.48) und in die Interventionssequenz (Sequenz B, T1 bis T2, Gesamtstichprobe) N = 200 Schüler_innen (Alter: M = 10.24; SD = 0.47). Akzeptanz und Zufriedenheit wurden nach der Intervention erfasst. Ergebnisse: Hierarchisch lineare Wachstumsmodelle zeigten eine signifikante Reduktion der GAT-Symptome durch die Intervention, sowohl im Gesamtwert des GAT als auch auf der Subskala „Bagatellisierung negativer Konsequenzen“. Im natürlichen Verlauf (Baselinesequenz A) zeigten sich keine Veränderungen. Die Schüler_innen bewerteten PROTECTdissonanz zudem mit einer hohen Zufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine kurze, gezielte übung zur Dissonanzinduktion zeigt unmittelbare Effekte auf ein Einstellungsmaß zum Gaming. Zur Weiterverfolgung dieses vielversprechenden Ansatzes sollte in künftigen Studien untersucht werden, ob sich eine verringerte Bagatellisierung negativer Konsequenzen von Gaming im Sinne der kognitiven Dissonanztheorie auch tatsächlich in einer Verhaltensänderung widerspiegelt.
Während alle vom Klima sprechen, scheint mit dem Anbruch des Anthropozäns die Zeit der Natur passé. Doch ohne den Begriff der Natur wäre ein Großteil der modernen Philosophie nicht zu denken. Hanna Hamel vermittelt in ihrer Studie zwischen historischen Positionen des späten 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhunderts und ökologischen Theorien der Gegenwart. Ihre Lektüre ausgewählter Texte von Kant, Herder und Goethe entwickelt Grundzüge eines historisch-theoretischen Selbstverständnisses, das über die bloße Abgrenzung von "modernen" Naturkonzepten hinausführt. In der Konfrontation mit aktuellen Reflexionen von Bruno Latour, Timothy Morton und David Lynch wird ein Anliegen erkennbar, das alle Positionen verbindet. Mit Goethe lässt es sich als Darstellung und Theoretisierung "übergänglicher" Natur bezeichnen. Die historischen Texte werden zu einer kritischen Ressource für die Gegenwart.
Unter dem Label "Digital Humanities" (DH) werden unterschiedliche Themen, Gegenstände und Erkenntnisansprüche subsumiert. Vielen gelten die DH als Erweiterung des klassischen Methodenkanons, da sie computergestützte Verfahren für die Geisteswissenschaften in Aussicht stellen. Gleichzeitig verstärken die DH, indem sie unter anderem neue Werkzeuge anbieten, auch praxeologische Tendenzen innerhalb der Geisteswissenschaften. Infolgedessen haben sich die Rede von der Theorielosigkeit der DH sowie Erzählungen vom "Ende der Theorie" in den Diskussionen über digitale Methoden, Praktiken und Forschungsinfrastrukturen als Hauptnarrative etabliert. Dem Status der Theorie in den DH widmete sich die Tagung "Theorytellings: Wissenschaftsnarrative in den Digital Humanities", die am 8. und 9. Oktober 2020 in Leipzig stattfand und von der Arbeitsgruppe "Digital Humanities Theorie" des Verbandes "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" und dem "Forum für Digital Humanities Leipzig" organisiert wurde.
Rezension zu Sara Buekens, Émergence d’une littérature environnementale. Gary, Gascar, Gracq, Le Clézio, Trassard à la lumière de l’écopoétique, Genève, Droz, 2020, 536 pages.
Carmen Francesca Bancius trilogy that includes the novels Vaterflucht (1998), Das Lied der traurigen Mutter (2007) und Lebt Wohl, Ihr Genossen und Geliebten! (2018) make from a cultural-historical perspective individual and collective memory processes in post-communist Romania visible. Her last work shows most clearly what shifts the culture of remembrance underwent in post-communist Romania, and how the tone of remembrance changed from a radical criticism of the system in the 1990s to a conciliatory narrative in the 2000s. Considering the dominant memory discourses in non-literary spaces, the present contribution analyses the aesthetic possibilities that Banciu explores in order to humanize the image of the unscrupulous communist official that dominated her narrative in Vaterflucht (1998), and Das Lied der traurigen Mutter (2007).
Na prática do ensino de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE), os conteúdos de 'Landeskunde' são abordados cada vez mais sob a perspectiva de que culturas heterogêneas permeiam os diferentes países de idioma alemão. Questionando-nos acerca da representatividade, em materiais didáticos, de países cujo idioma oficial é alemão, dedicamo-nos ao levantamento e à análise de dados sobre os aspectos culturais da Áustria presentes no livro didático "DaF Kompakt neu" (2016), material utilizado em boa parte dos cursos de graduação para formação de professores de alemão no Brasil. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e, então, analisados, de forma que pudéssemos averiguar a inclusão de informações implícitas e explícitas sobre a Áustria e seu potencial para incentivar discusses em sala de aula. Destacamos na exposição dos resultados que o material selecionado apresenta menções profícuas e, mais ainda, que a quantidade e complexidade dessas aumentariam conforme o avanço dos níveis de línguas ensinados. Concluímos ressaltando que, apesar da representatividade do material didático, outros elementos como preparo e disposição do professor, além de materiais suplementares, seriam indispensáveis para a presentificação do 'DACH-Prinzip' no ensino de ALE.
»Denken braucht Zeit«
(2021)
Denis Thouard, Inhaber der Alfred Grosser-Gastprofessur im Wintersemester 2021/22, spricht im Interview über die heutige Rolle der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften, über seine Beschäftigung mit Kant und Schleiermacher und über die Aktualität von Georg Simmel.
Gusel Jachina is a Russian writer. Her grandfather, a former German teacher in one of the villages along the Volga River, founded by German colonists, inspired her second novel “Wolgakinder” (Children of the Volga). She presents over 20 years of eventful history as it is seen by Jakob Bach, a German teacher in the village Gnadental on the banks of the Volga. It is an opulent novel of 600 pages, written in a rather baroque style, trying to not only present historic events from the beginning of the Soviet era but to recreate the atmosphere of those years full of Ups and Downs not only for the German speaking population.
Auch Sarah Sander befasst sich in ihrem Beitrag mit der politischen Dimension des Kuratierens, die sie durch die Untersuchung der künstlerischen Strategie des Arrangements in der Arbeit von Forensic Architecture und bei Guillermo Galindo herausstellt. Beide, Künstler wie Kollektiv, arbeiten mit vorgefundenen Materialen und Bildern, die neu arrangiert werden, um "den massenmedialen Bildern und Diskursen etwas entgegenzustellen" (Sander). Jedoch verfolgt das Arrangieren jeweils unterschiedliche politische Ziele: Während das Forensic Architecture Kollektiv mit seinen Arbeiten Sichtbarkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit erzeugt, geht es Galindo vielmehr darum, Hörbarkeit herzustellen; in ihrem Widerstand gegen fortwirkende rassistische Strukturen schreibe sich beide in eine Praxis ein, die Sander mit Christina Sharpe als 'wake work' beschreibt.
In dieser zweiten Folge einer Artikelserie mit Neubeschreibungen von Arten von Draba subgen. Erophila werden D. droserifolia BOMBLE und D. glauca BOMBLE neu beschrieben. Draba droserifolia ist eine auffallend rundblättrige Art, die D. praecox und D. strigosula nahe steht. D. glauca ist eine graugrüne Art, die Merkmale von D. strigosula und morphologisch D. majuscula angenäherten Sippen kombiniert. Zu den bereits bekannten Arten D. acutidentata, D. majuscula, D. praecox und D. strigosula werden neue Fundorte aus dem Rheinland und den Niederlanden genannt.
Zurück zur Präsenz
(2021)
Prof. Christiane Thompson, Vizepräsidentin für Studium, Lehre und wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung an der Goethe-Universität, über einen sehr besonderen Semesterstart. 75 bis 85 Prozent der Lehrveranstaltungen werden wieder in Präsenz angeboten. Thompson bittet um Geduld und gegenseitige Rücksichtnahme.
Der kleine Roman 'Die Heidin II' ist mehrfach überliefert, darunter auch in vier Fragmenten von unterschiedlichem Umfang. [...] In den einschlägigen Katalogen der besitzenden Bibliotheken finden sich keine Hinweise auf eine mögliche Zusammengehörigkeit der Fragmente. [...] Erst im Rahmen der Vorbereitung der neuen Ausgabe der 'Heidin II' im DFGProjekt "Edition und Kommentierung der deutschen Versnovellistik des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts" (2009–2017) wurden endlich Digitalisate aller vier Fragmente angefertigt, sodass sie direkt nebeneinandergelegt und verglichen werden konnten. Dabei wurde sehr schnell klar, dass die vier Bruchstücke eindeutig aus demselben Codex stammen müssen.
Es ist wohl dem bedauerlichen Abgrund zwischen literaturwissenschaftlicher Textanalyse und theaterwissenschaftlicher Performanztheorie zu verdanken, dass es bisher kaum wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zu Lotz' Texten gibt. Wolfram Lotz hat sich bisher stets um eine zeitnahe Publikation seiner Stücke und Monologe bemüht, so auch im Fall der "Politiker", die noch im Jahr 2019 bei Spector Books in Leipzig erschienen. Das hat Gründe, handelt es sich doch nicht nur um flexibel handhabbare Spielvorlagen, sondern zugleich um streng organisierte Wortkunstwerke. Im Folgenden soll gezeigt werden, mit welchen poetischen Verfahren "Die Politiker" das große Thema der politischen Gegenwart traktiert: das Ressentiment, also die affektive Lage und Ohnmacht jener vielen Konsumenten von Politik, die derselben erst ihre Autorität und Wirksamkeit verleihen. Das Politische der "Politiker" nämlich, das heißt "[d]as wirkliche Soziale [...] in der Literatur ist: ihre Form".
Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht der Zusammenhang von konstruktivistischem Lernen in der Fremdsprache Deutsch und dem Einsatz aufgabenorientierter Lernaktivitäten in hypermedialen Lernumgebungen zur Bereicherung der Wortschatzarbeit im Bereich der Phraseologie. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Unterrichtspraxis werden Möglichkeiten für die Implementierung einer konstruktivistischen Lernkultur in der phraseologiebezogenen Wortschatzarbeit vorgestellt und kritisch reflektiert.