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Wozu VB?
(2017)
In German, non-finite forms of verbs that are traditionally labelled as "nominalized infinitives", but are better categorized as gerunds, can show very unusual features. Although they carry a definitive article and therefore clearly seem to belong to the class of nouns, they still govern objects and adverbials in exactly the same way the verb does. It is therefore argued that in spite of the determiners, these forms are essentially verbal in nature. The syntactic functions they fulfil can be anything from subject or object to adverbial or attributive modifier, i. e. functions that are usually fulfilled by subordinate clauses. Since this is the same kind of behavior that converbs in languages like Turkish show, this leads to the suggestion that they can indeed be considered as a functionally similar to converbs.
This poetry anthology offers a feast and face of poetry as it currently is in Uganda. It is all encompassing and presents a variety of writers ranging from seasoned voices to new ones of great promise. The voices are adventurous, reflective, provocative and even sassy. The poets explore with passion diverse themes from the private to the public realm reassuring the reader that poetry is about everything and is perhaps everything. The pages of this anthology pulsate with rhythmic variations that give unexpected pleasure and provoke the reader to be exceptionally alert. This is a welcome and priceless addition to Uganda Poetry Anthology 2000.
We test two hypotheses, based on sexual selection theory, about gender differences in costly social interactions. Differential selectivity states that women invest less than men in interactions with new individuals. Differential opportunism states that women’s investment in social interactions is less responsive to information about the interaction’s payoffs. The hypotheses imply that women’s social networks are more stable and path dependent and composed of a greater proportion of strong relative to weak links. During their introductory week, we let new university students play an experimental trust game, first with one anonymous partner, then with the same and a new partner. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that women invest less than men in new partners and that their investments are only half as responsive to information about the likely returns to the investment. Moreover, subsequent formation of students’ real social networks is consistent with the experimental results: being randomly assigned to the same introductory group has a much larger positive effect on women’s likelihood of reporting a subsequent friendship.
Lässt sich eine dominierende Zeitvorstellung für unsere Epoche ausmachen? Ist die moderne Unruhe eine neue Unruhe? Solche Fragen gehören zu den zentralen Themen von Christoph Cornelißen, Professor für Neueste Geschichte an der Goethe-Universität, dessen Forschungsschwerpunkte Historiografie-Geschichte und die Geschichte der Erinnerungskulturen einschließen.
Laut jüdischem Kalender entstand die Welt vor genau 5778 Jahren, nach der Bibel vor 6021 Jahren. Doch als Forscher begannen, auf und in der Erde selbst nach Spuren ihres Alters zu suchen, mussten sie die Zahl immer weiter nach oben korrigieren. Nach heutigen Datierungsmethoden ist unser Planet zwischen 4,5 und 4,6 Milliarden Jahre alt.
Das Internet ist allgegenwärtig - so allgegenwärtig, dass es inzwischen in gewissen Kreisen en vogue ist, sich ab und an komplett vom Internet abzukapseln. Passend zur vorösterlichen Zeit könnte man von Internetfasten sprechen. Aber was passiert, wenn das Internet einfach komplett abgestellt wird, für alle? Was für uns primär eine akademische Fragestellung ist, ist in Kamerun, Indien, Pakistan und vielen anderen Ländern Realität. Diese Beispiele verdeutlichen nicht nur wie Internetabschaltung ein Instrument sozialer und politischer Kontrolle sind, sie zeigen auch ihre dramatischen Auswirkungen. Das Thema sollte uns auch hier interessieren...
WiWi news [2/2017]
(2017)
WiWi news ; Nr. 1 [2017]
(2017)
Wenn man etwas lernt oder lernen will, geht es immer besser, wenn es Spaß macht. Dieser Beitrag möchte zeigen, dass eine witzige Situation oder Witze als Textsorte nicht nur als Motivation zum Lernen, sondern auch als ein fester Bestandteil des DaF-Unterrichts dienen können. Als ein Argument, das sich wie ein roter Faden durch diesen Text zieht und das diese Behauptung unterstützt, bietet sich die pragmatisch verankerte Perspektive an. Der Beitrag stellt sich vor diesem Hintergrund die Frage, ob die Witze beim Vermitteln der pragmatischen Kompetenz im Rahmen des DaF-Unterrichts behilflich sein können und ob diese daher von der Peripherie näher ins Zentrum des DaF-Unterrichts geraten sollten. Auch wenn die Argumentationslinie dieses Beitrags die Rolle der Witze im Unterricht unterstützen will, wird hier diese Richtung keinesfalls überschätzt. So wie die pragmatische Kompetenz sollte auch der Witz ein Teilchen des sprachdidaktischen Mosaiks darstellen, das nicht unbedingt in dessen Zentrum liegen muss.
Mit der Entscheidung für eine Promotion und dem daran anschließenden Prozess der Realisierung dieser, wird eine besondere Phase im Lebenslauf von Wissenschaftler_innen eingeläutet. Die Biografie des Einzelnen wird dabei zum Bezugsrahmen des jeweiligen Ausgestaltungsprozesses, die Steuerung(sversuche) des eigenen Lebenslaufs zum Gegenstand individueller Karrierevorstellungen. Darüber lässt sich der vorliegende Beitrag zur Jahrestagung der Sektion Erwachsenenbildung der DGfE 2016 in das Thema "Biografie – Lebenslauf – Generation" einbetten, der einige Ergebnisse einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Längsschnittstudie (Kubsch 2016) in den Blick nimmt. ...
In 1905, the managing editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia, Isidore Singer (1859–1939), published an article in the journal Ost und West from a "bird’s eye perspective on the development of American Jewry in the last 250 years." In this historical overview, Singer eventually attested that Jewish scholarship in America had an "absolute dependency on the European motherland." This judgment was based on his disapproving view of the two American rabbinical seminaries that existed at that time. According to Singer, there were still no scholars at the Hebrew Union College (HUC) in Cincinnati of the "already American[-born] generation of Israel." In fact, Singer’s observation was appropriate because it applied to the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTSA) in New York as much as to the HUC.3 Despite the history of Jewish settlement in America, around 1900 there was still no native Jewish scholarship in America. The scene was dominated by scholars educated in Europe, who often came with broken English and a strict academic sense of mission. In 1903, Kaufmann Kohler (1843–1926), born in Bavaria and trained at German universities, was chosen as the president of HUC. And a year earlier, Solomon Schechter (1847–1915) had been called to the JTSA in New York as its new president. ...
In dem Beitrag wird die Vermittlung sachbezogenen Wissens im Wirtschaftsdeutschunterricht thematisiert. Hierbei geht es um die Frage, wie wichtig wirtschaftsbezogene Inhalte im Sprachunterricht in der Germanistik sein können: Ist der Erwerb praktischer Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten, die man später im Berufsleben anwenden kann, hier nur ein peripherer Bereich? An zwei Fachbereichen, der Touristik und der Logistik, wird gezeigt, dass man auch an der philologischen Fakultät erfolgreich sachbezogenen Fremdsprachenunterricht einsetzen kann. Ein solcher Unterricht, in dem konkrete Inhalte vermittelt und praktische Skills trainiert werden, erfreut sich bei den Studenten eines großen Interesses. Gerade Kursprogramme, die sich mit wirtschaftlichen Aspekten befassen, scheinen aufgrund der direkten Bezüge zum Arbeitsmarkt sehr begehrt. Wie aus den Erfahrungen mit den Studenten des Germanistikstudiums hervorgeht, sind Veranstaltungen, die mehr lehren, als lediglich den perfekten Umgang mit der Fremdsprache, besonders gefragt. So ist es die Rolle des Dozenten, nicht nur die Sprache zu unterrichten, sondern auch Wirtschaftswissen zu vermitteln. Ist etwa eine Neuorientierung des Sprachunterrichts an den philologischen Fakultäten im Gange? Diese Frage wird hier bejaht. Im praktisch angelegten Deutschunterricht rückt Wirtschaftsdeutsch immer mehr von der Peripherie ins Zentrum.
Background: Correct species identification of blow flies is a crucial step for understanding their biology, which can be used not only for designing fly control programs, but also to determine the minimum time since death. Identification techniques are usually based on morphological and molecular characters. However, the use of classical morphology requires experienced entomologists for correct identification; while molecular techniques rely on a sound laboratory expertise and remain ambiguous for certain taxa. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of insect wings has been extensively applied in species identification. However, few wing morphometric analyses of blow fly species have been published.
Methods: We applied a landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings for species identification of 12 medically and forensically important blow fly species of Thailand. Nineteen landmarks of each right wing of 372 specimens were digitised. Variation in wing size and wing shape was analysed and evaluated for allometric effects. The latter confirmed the influence of size on the shape differences between species and sexes. Wing shape variation among genera and species were analysed using canonical variates analysis followed by a cross-validation test.
Results: Wing size was not suitable for species discrimination, whereas wing shape can be a useful tool to separate taxa on both, genus and species level depending on the analysed taxa. It appeared to be highly reliable, especially for classifying Chrysomya species, but less robust for a species discrimination in the genera Lucilia and Hemipyrellia. Allometry did not affect species separation but had an impact on sexual shape dimorphism.
Conclusions: A landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings is a useful additional method for species discrimination. It is a simple, reliable and inexpensive method, but it can be time-consuming locating the landmarks for a large scale study and requires non-damaged wings for analysis.
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection causes a high death toll, killing a high proportion of EBOV-infected patients within 7 days. Comprehensive data on EBOV infection are fragmented, hampering efforts in developing therapeutics and vaccines against EBOV. Under this circumstance, mathematical models become valuable resources to explore potential controlling strategies. In this paper, we employed experimental data of EBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) to construct a mathematical framework for determining windows of opportunity for treatment and vaccination. Considering a prophylactic vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the EBOV glycoprotein (rVSV-EBOV), vaccination could be protective if a subject is vaccinated during a period from one week to four months before infection. For the case of a therapeutic vaccine based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a single dose might resolve the invasive EBOV replication even if it was administrated as late as four days after infection. Our mathematical models can be used as building blocks for evaluating therapeutic and vaccine modalities as well as for evaluating public health intervention strategies in outbreaks. Future laborator experiments will help to validate and refine the estimates of the windows of opportunity proposed here.
Willkommen
(2017)
Wilhelm Fraenger, 1890–1964
(2017)
This study compares the dramas König Ottokars Glück und Ende by the Austrian dramatist Franz Grillparzer and Král Přemysl Otakar Druhý by the Czech writer František Zavřel. The focus is on the character of the Bohemian King Otakar II. The king is depicted by both authors as a strong and remarkable figure, but while Grillparzer presents him as an anti-hero who falls victim to his own ruthless politics, Zavřel shows him to be a form of superman, whose downfall is caused by the pettiness of those around him. The study explores these differences and seeks to explain their origins
Die zweibändige Brecht-Biographie "Das Leben des Bertolt Brecht oder Der Umgang mit den Welträtseln" des DDR-Germanisten Werner Mittenzwei (1927–2014) gilt bis heute als Standardwerk. Seit ihrem Erscheinen 1986 im Aufbau-Verlag und ein Jahr später im westlichen Suhrkamp Verlag erlebte sie mehrere Auflagen. In der zeitgenössischen bundesrepublikanischen Kritik fand sie ein eher verhaltenes Echo. Das hatte politische und wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Gründe. Mittenzweis Werk, das bis dahin in der DDR Unerhörtes zu Brecht und der marxistischen Intellektuellengeschichte aus den Archiven zutage gefördert und kritisch dargestellt hatte, geriet schnell in den Schatten der von der Sowjetunion ausgehenden radikaleren Umwertungen während der Perestroika- und Glasnost-Politik. Das Echo war aber sicher auch deswegen verhalten, weil Mittenzweis biographische Methode weder traditionellen noch zeitgenössischen Erwartungen - etwa der Diskurstheorie, des Strukturalismus oder der Dekonstruktion - entsprach, denen Kategorien wie Autor und Werk und damit auch das Genre der Biographie überhaupt fragwürdig geworden waren. Liest man dreißig Jahre später Mittenzweis bedeutendstes Werk wieder, so relativieren sich beide Vorwürfe. Heute erscheint das Buch als der nur kurzzeitig mögliche Versuch, Brecht kritisch aus einer Epoche, einer Bewegung heraus zu verstehen, welcher der Biograph selbst noch angehörte.
Why MREL won’t help much
(2017)
The bail-in tool as implemented in the European bank resolution framework suffers from severe shortcomings. To some extent, the regulatory framework can remedy the impediments to the desirable incentive effect of private sector involvement (PSI) that emanate from a lack of predictability of outcomes, if it compels banks to issue a sufficiently sized minimum of high-quality, easy to bail-in (subordinated) liabilities. Yet, even the limited improvements any prescription of bail-in capital can offer for PSI’s operational effectiveness seem compromised in important respects.
The main problem, echoing the general concerns voiced against the European bail-in regime, is that the specifications for minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) are also highly detailed and discretionary and thus alleviate the predicament of investors in bail-in debt, at best, only insufficiently. Quite importantly, given the character of typical MREL instruments as non-runnable long-term debt, even if investors are able to gauge the relevant risk of PSI in a bank’s failure correctly at the time of purchase, subsequent adjustment of MREL-prescriptions by competent or resolution authorities potentially change the risk profile of the pertinent instruments. Therefore, original pricing decisions may prove inadequate and so may market discipline that follows from them.
The pending European legislation aims at an implementation of the already complex specifications of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) for Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) by very detailed and case specific amendments to both the regulatory capital and the resolution regime with an exorbitant emphasis on proportionality and technical fine-tuning. What gets lost in this approach, however, is the key policy objective of enhanced market discipline through predictable PSI: it is hardly conceivable that the pricing of MREL-instruments reflects an accurate risk-assessment of investors because of the many discretionary choices a multitude of agencies are supposed to make and revisit in the administration of the new regime. To prove this conclusion, this chapter looks in more detail at the regulatory objectives of the BRRD’s prescriptions for MREL and their implementation in the prospectively amended European supervisory and resolution framework.
The bail-in tool as implemented in the European bank resolution framework suffers from severe shortcomings. To some extent, the regulatory framework can remedy the impediments to the desirable incentive effect of private sector involvement (PSI) that emanate from a lack of predictability of outcomes, if it compels banks to issue a sufficiently sized minimum of high-quality, easy to bail-in (subordinated) liabilities. Yet, even the limited improvements any prescription of bail-in capital can offer for PSI’s operational effectiveness seem compromised in important respects.
The main problem, echoing the general concerns voiced against the European bail-in regime, is that the specifications for minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) are also highly detailed and discretionary and thus alleviate the predicament of investors in bail-in debt, at best, only insufficiently. Quite importantly, given the character of typical MREL instruments as non-runnable long-term debt, even if investors are able to gauge the relevant risk of PSI in a bank’s failure correctly at the time of purchase, subsequent adjustment of MREL-prescriptions by competent or resolution authorities potentially change the risk profile of the pertinent instruments. Therefore, original pricing decisions may prove inadequate and so may market discipline that follows from them.
The pending European legislation aims at an implementation of the already complex specifications of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) for Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) by very detailed and case specific amendments to both the regulatory capital and the resolution regime with an exorbitant emphasis on proportionality and technical fine-tuning. What gets lost in this approach, however, is the key policy objective of enhanced market discipline through predictable PSI: it is hardly conceivable that the pricing of MREL-instruments reflects an accurate risk-assessment of investors because of the many discretionary choices a multitude of agencies are supposed to make and revisit in the administration of the new regime. To prove this conclusion, this chapter looks in more detail at the regulatory objectives of the BRRD’s prescriptions for MREL and their implementation in the prospectively amended European supervisory and resolution framework.
Current theories of schizophrenia (ScZ) posit that the symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions arise from a dysconnection syndrome. However, studies that have examined this hypothesis with physiological data at realistic time scales are so far scarce. The current study employed a state-of-the-art approach using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test alterations in large-scale phase synchronization in a sample of n = 16 chronic ScZ patients, 10 males and n = 19 healthy participants, 10 males, during a perceptual closure task. We identified large-scale networks from source reconstructed MEG data using data-driven analyses of neuronal synchronization. Oscillation amplitudes and interareal phase-synchronization in the 3–120 Hz frequency range were estimated for 400 cortical parcels and correlated with clinical symptoms and neuropsychological scores. ScZ patients were characterized by a reduction in γ-band (30–120 Hz) oscillation amplitudes that was accompanied by a pronounced deficit in large-scale synchronization at γ-band frequencies. Synchronization was reduced within visual regions as well as between visual and frontal cortex and the reduction of synchronization correlated with elevated clinical disorganization. Accordingly, these data highlight that ScZ is associated with a profound disruption of transient synchronization, providing critical support for the notion that core aspect of the pathophysiology arises from an impairment in coordination of distributed neural activity.
Whiteout: animal traces in Werner Herzog’s Grizzly man and encounters at the end of the world
(2017)
Literary animal studies are confronted with a systematic question: How can writing, as a human-made sign system, represent the nonhuman animal as an autonomous agent without falling back into the pitfalls of anthropomorphism? Against the backdrop of this problem, this paper asks how the medium of film allows for a different representation of the animal and analyzes two of Werner Herzog’s later documentary films. Although the depiction of animals and landscapes has always played a significant part in Herzog’s films, critical assessments of his work—including those of Herzog himself—tended to view the role of nature imagery as purely allegorical: it expresses the inner nature, the inner landscapes of the film’s human protagonists. This paper tries to open up a different view. It argues that both Grizzly Man and Encounters at the End of the World develop an aesthetic that depicts nonhuman nature as an autonomous and lively presence. In the close proximity amongst camera, human, and nonhuman agents, a clear distinction between nature and culture is increasingly blurred.
Several millions frogs captured in the wild in Indonesia are sold for food yearly in French supermarkets, as deep frozen frog legs. They are commercialized as Rana macrodon, but up to 15 lookalike species might also be concerned by this trade. From December 2012 to May 2013, we bought 209 specimens of deep frozen frog legs, and identified them through a barcoding approach based on the 16S gene. Our results show that 206 out of the 209 specimens belong to Fejervarya cancrivora, two to Limnonectes macrodon and one to F. moodiei. Thus only 0.96 % of the frogs were correctly identified. Unless misclassification was intentional, it seems that Indonesian frog leg exporters are not able to discriminate between the species. The quasi absence of L. macrodon in our samples might be an indication of its rarity, confirming that its natural populations are declining rapidly, in agreement with its “vulnerable” status according to the IUCN Red List. Our results show that the genetic and morphological diversity of the frogs in trade is much higher than the genetic and morphological diversity measured so far by scientific studies. These results underline the need for large scale studies to assess the status of wild populations.
When is a crisis a crisis?
(2017)
The marketing materials of remote eye-trackers suggest that data quality is invariant to the position and orientation of the participant as long as the eyes of the participant are within the eye-tracker’s headbox, the area where tracking is possible. As such, remote eye-trackers are marketed as allowing the reliable recording of gaze from participant groups that cannot be restrained, such as infants, schoolchildren and patients with muscular or brain disorders. Practical experience and previous research, however, tells us that eye-tracking data quality, e.g. the accuracy of the recorded gaze position and the amount of data loss, deteriorates (compared to well-trained participants in chinrests) when the participant is unrestrained and assumes a non-optimal pose in front of the eye-tracker. How then can researchers working with unrestrained participants choose an eye-tracker? Here we investigated the performance of five popular remote eye-trackers from EyeTribe, SMI, SR Research, and Tobii in a series of tasks where participants took on non-optimal poses. We report that the tested systems varied in the amount of data loss and systematic offsets observed during our tasks. The EyeLink and EyeTribe in particular had large problems. Furthermore, the Tobii eye-trackers reported data for two eyes when only one eye was visible to the eye-tracker. This study provides practical insight into how popular remote eye-trackers perform when recording from unrestrained participants. It furthermore provides a testing method for evaluating whether a tracker is suitable for studying a certain target population, and that manufacturers can use during the development of new eye-trackers.
Most event studies rely on cumulative abnormal returns, measured as percentage changes in stock prices, as their dependent variable. Stock price reflects the value of the operating business plus non-operating assets minus debt. Yet, many events, in particular in marketing, only influence the value of the operating business, but not non-operating assets and debt. For these cases, the authors argue that the cumulative abnormal return on the operating business, defined as the ratio between the cumulative abnormal return on stock price and the firm-specific leverage effect, is a more appropriate dependent variable. Ignoring the differences in firm-specific leverage effects inflates the impact of observations pertaining to firms with large debt and deflates those pertaining to firms with large non-operating assets. Observations of firms with high debt receive several times the weight attributed to firms with low debt. A simulation study and the reanalysis of three previously published marketing event studies shows that ignoring the firm-specific leverage effects influences an event study's results in unpredictable ways.
Background: Treatment of asthma does not always comply with asthma guidelines (AG). This may be rooted in direct or indirect resistance on the doctors’ and/or patients’ side or be caused by the healthcare system. To assess whether patients’ concepts and attitudes are really an implementation barrier for AG, we analysed the patients’ perspective of a “good asthma therapy” and contrasted their wishes with current recommendations.
Methods: Using a qualitative exploratory design, topic centred focus group (FG) discussions were performed until theoretical saturation was reached. Inclusion criteria were an asthma diagnosis and age above 18. FG sessions were recorded audio-visually and analysed via a mapping technique and content analysis performed according to Mayring (supported by MAXQDA®). Participants’ speech times and the proportion of time devoted to different themes were calculated using the Videograph System® and related to the content analysis.
Results: Thirteen men and 24 women aged between 20 and 77 from rural and urban areas attended five FG. Some patients had been recently diagnosed with asthma, others years previously or in childhood. The following topics were addressed: (a) concern about or rejection of therapy components, particularly corticosteroids, which sometimes resulted in autonomous uncommunicated medication changes, (b) lack of time or money for optimal treatment, (c) insufficient involvement in therapy choices and (d) a desire for greater empowerment, (e) suboptimal communication between healthcare professionals and (f) difficulties with recommendations conflicting with daily life. Primarily, (g) participants wanted more time with doctors to discuss difficulties and (h) all aspects of living with an impairing condition.
Conclusions: We identified some important patient driven barriers to implementing AG recommendations. In order to advance AG implementation and improve asthma treatment, the patients’ perspective needs to be considered before drafting new versions of AG. These issues should be addressed at the planning stage.
Trial registration: DRKS00000562 (German Clinical Trials Registry).
What is the magnetic field distribution for the equation of state of magnetized neutron stars?
(2017)
In this Letter, we report a realistic calculation of the magnetic field profile for the equation of state inside strongly magnetized neutron stars. Unlike previous estimates, which are widely used in the literature, we find that magnetic fields increase relatively slowly with increasing baryon chemical potential (or baryon density) of magnetized matter. More precisely, the increase is polynomial instead of exponential, as previously assumed. Through the analysis of several different realistic models for the microscopic description of stellar matter (including hadronic, hybrid and quark models) combined with general relativistic solutions endowed with a poloidal magnetic field obtained by solving Einstein–Maxwell's field equations in a self-consistent way, we generate a phenomenological fit for the magnetic field distribution in the stellar polar direction to be used as input in microscopic calculations.
Far-right parties gained considerable support in many European countries in recent years. Austria comes within a whisker of becoming the first country in the history of the European Union to elect a far-right president, Horbert Hofer, the candidate from the Freedom Party. Similarly, in France, Marie Le Pen is expected to be Front National’s (FN) candidate in the 2017 presidential election and probably to make it to the second round of voting...
Much of today’s conflicts and challenges, globally and locally, can be in part attributed to or are influenced by the hegemony of Western over non-Western cultures and politics. Long-standing and still reproduced Western dominance and power are directed at the protection of own interests, thereby re-creating power imbalances, inequalities and practices of exclusion...
Früh- und Spätwerk eines Autors sind manchmal gegensätzlich. Hätte Fontane nur Geschwisterliebe und Mathilde Möhring hinterlassen, käme niemand auf die Idee, beides stamme aus derselben Feder. Auch die Beliebtheit verteilt sich oft unterschiedlich auf Werkteile, die zu unterschiedlicher Zeit entstanden sind. Der Fall Clemens Brentano ist allerdings speziell. Seine vor 1817 geschriebenen Werke haben ein anderes Publikum als die, die er nach 1817 schrieb. Zwei Leserschaften hat der Autor, beide ansehnlich, die des religiösen Spätwerks noch um ein Vielfaches größer als die des Romantik-OEuvres. Und zwischen den beiden Gruppen: keine Berührung. Die einen kennen nichts von dem, was die anderen verehren, und umgekehrt.
Wie kommt das? Was ist 1817 mit Clemens Brentano passiert? Welche Veränderungen zeigen um diese Zeit die Lebensumstände, das Schreiben, die Welt- und Selbstreflexion des Autors?
Das vorweg: Brentano sorgte für die literaturhistorisch beispiellose Werkscheidung selbst, indem er seinen Nachlass zweiteilte. Die religiösen Manuskripte bekam der fromme Bruder Christian, die übrigen die freigeistige Schwester Bettine. Entsprechend sollten die Werkteile sehr unterschiedliche Editionsverfahren durchlaufen. Schon am Wendepunkt sandte Brentano zudem das Signal, er werde in Zukunft anders schreiben als bisher. Nach dem Eindruck des Publikums, von Wolfgang Bunzel zusammengefasst, "gibt er 1817 seinen bisherigen Lebensinhalt, das Dichten, auf [...]. Fortan entstehen scheinbar nurmehr religiöse Erbauungsschriften."
Hintergrund: ei der Behandlung des lokal-begrenzten PCa stellen die radikale Prostatektomie sowie die definitive Radiotherapie den aktuellen Therapiestandard dar. Die Effektivität der High-Dose-Rate(HDR)-Brachytherapie (BRT) als Monotherapie in der kurativen Behandlung des lokalisierten PCa wird im Zusammenhang mit aktuellen Literaturdaten bekräftigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit berichtet die onkologischen Ergebnisse sowie der Langzeittoxizität eines 3-Implantat-Protokolls mittels alleiniger HDR-BRT in der Behandlung von Patienten mit lokal-begrenztem Prostatakarzinom.
Patienten und Methoden: Von Februar 2008 bis Dezember 2012 wurden 450 konsekutive Patienten mit klinisch lokalisiertem Prostatakarzinom mit einer HDR-Monotherapie behandelt. Alle Patienten erhielten drei transperineale Einzel-Fraktion-Implantate von 11, 5 Gy, die an ein intraoperatives echtzeit-transrektales ultraschall-definiertes Planungsbehandlungsvolumen bis zu einer physikalischen Gesamtdosis von 34,5 Gy mit interfraktionärem Intervall von 21 Tagen appliziert wurden. Das biochemische Versagen wurde gemäß der Phoenix Consensus Criteria und die urogenitale/gastrointestinale Toxizität unter Verwendung der Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0 definiert.
Ergebnisse: Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 56,3 Monaten (4,4-91,7 Monate). Die 60- und 90-monatigen Gesamtüberlebensraten, die biochemische Kontrolle und die metastasenfreien Überlebensraten betrugen 96 %, 95 %, 99 % bzw. 94 %, 92 % und 97 %. Die Toxizität wurde pro Ereignis erfasst. Späte Grad-2- und 3-urogenitalen Komplikationen traten bei 14,2 % bzw. 0,8 % der Patienten auf. Ein Patient zeigte Inkontinenz Grad 4, welche mittels permanenter Urostomie behandelt werden musste. Späte Grad-2-gastrointestinale Toxizität betrug 0,4 % und keine Instanzen von Grad-3 oder höherer Spätfolgen wurden gemeldet.
Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die HDR-Brachytherapie als eine sichere und effektive monotherapeutische Behandlungsmethode für klinisch lokalisierten Prostatakrebs.
Das Paradigma, über das ich spreche, steht im Titel: Es geht um unsere fest institutionalisierte universalhistorische Langzeitbehauptung "Antike – Mittelalter – Neuzeit". Zeitlichkeit wird – unausweichlich – in Makromodellen gefasst. Das im Moment institutionalisierte, geradezu zementierte Makromodell ist ein Produkt der sogenannten Aufklärung. Die Denkfigur "Antike – Mittelalter – Neuzeit" ist der klassische Fall eines Paradigmas. Dieses geschichtswissenschaftliche Paradigma steuert bis heute die Anordnung des Materials in Makrodarstellungen, also die Entscheidung darüber, in welchem Großkapitel welches Thema landet. Zugleich steuert es, welche Inhalte überhaupt auftauchen. Viele heute besonders wichtige und durchaus gut erforschte Wissensfelder schaffen es nicht in die Handbücher, weil sie in den Makromodellen keinen Platz finden. ...
Dr. Z. Ece Kaya, 1978 in Istanbul geboren, ist u. a. Diplom-Politologin und promovierte Erziehungswissenschaftlerin. Ihre Arbeitsschwerpunkte sind Erziehungswissenschaften in der NS-Zeit sowie pädagogische Antworten auf Rassismus und Nationalismus. Sie arbeitet auch als Übersetzerin, Sprachlehrerin und als Theaterpädagogin. Für ihre Dissertation »Kolonialpädagogische Schriften in der NS-Zeit: ,Eine spezifisch deutsche Theorie der Kolonisation‘ – Zur Geschichte des Kolonialrassismus in der deutschen Erziehungswissenschaft « wurde sie 2017 mit dem Werner-Pünder-Preis ausgezeichnet.
Mit spitzer Feder beschreibt Lucius Burckhardt in seinem Aufsatz "Wer plant die Planung?" die konfligierenden Rationalitäten der am Planungsprozess beteiligten Akteure. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie "das Kräfteparallelogramm zwischen der regierenden Beamtenschaft, der Bauspekulation, der Bürgerschaft und den durch die beschlossenen Maßnahmen betroffenen Leute" (S. 107) die "Übelstände der Stadt" häufig verschlimmbessert. Es fehle ein "strategisches Vorgehen", das "dem Systemcharakter der Stadt angemessen" (S. 113) wäre.
The notion of world literature is often understood as a global distribution of literary forms and structures from Europe to the rest of the globe. Under the premise that non- European literatures don't just reproduce European forms, but reinterpret and change them in the process of adaptation, world literature can be defined as a "productive misunderstanding". This article attempts to show that Orhan Pamuk's novel "Masumiyet Müzesi" ("Museum of Innocence") is in this sense a productive appropriation of European forms of the novel. Pamuk's novel is a narration about the modernization of Turkey in the 20th century, which is depicted as a chain of faulty imitation that nevertheless creates something new. Similarly, the "Museum of Innocence" is characterized by an abundance of intertextual relations to the tradition of European novel (e. g., to Proust's texts), which, however creates a "productive misunderstanding".
Weimarer Beiträge 63/2017
(2017)
Die Weimarer Beiträge sind eine Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft, aktuelle ästhetische Theorie und Kulturwissenschaft. Zu Ihren Schwerpunkten gehören moderne Literatur im Rahmen anderer Künste und Medien, die Wechselbeziehungen von Literatur, philosophischer und ästhetischer Reflexion sowie die kritische Analyse der Gegenwartskultur.
Prof. Brigitte Geißel und ihr Team von der Forschungsstelle Demokratische Innovationen an der Goethe-Universität beschäftigen sich mit der Krise der repräsentativen Demokratie, wie sie im Augenblick unter dem Eindruck der letzten Bundestagswahl verstärkt auch in der Öffentlichkeit diskutiert wird. „Wahlen und Parteienwettbewerb sind lediglich die Form, die wir heute am besten kennen; dieses institutionelle Set ist aber nicht der innerste Kern von Demokratie“, so das Team der Forschungsstelle in seinem folgenden Beitrag.
Die Verfasserin plädiert für einen Kanon 'erinnerungswürdiger Texte' im Deutschunterricht sowie im universitären germanistischen Curriculum, der zur Identitätsbildung in einer Kulturnation unentbehrlich ist, aber in Anbetracht permanenter Gleichsetzung von Bildung und Ausbildung geringgeschätzt wird. Zusätzlich verhindert der deutsche Bildungsföderalismus, sich bereits in der Schule einen Kanon von fiktionalen Texten anzueignen, der als Fundus für identitätsstiftende Diskurse dient, die zum kulturellen Zusammenhalt einer Nation beitragen. Der aktuell zu beobachtenden Xenophobie hat fiktionale Literatur etwas entgegenzusetzen, indem sie Bilder vom eigenen und dem fremden Land in der Literatur vermittelt (Imagologie).