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The chenopodium aphid, Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is reported for the first time in Colombia. The aphid was found on the aerial parts of the quinoa plant, Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae), especially on the leaves, in five municipalities in the department of Cauca, Colombia. Brief information on its natural enemies, distribution and biology is provided. This is the only aphid in Colombia known to cause malformations on the leaves of quinoa plants. In South America, this aphid has been found previously only in Ecuador, where it was reported for the first time in 2023 based on specimens collected from 2019 to 2021. However, we report that H. atriplicis was likely introduced to Ecuador in the 2000s or earlier, based on a collection dated 2006 found in the United States National Museum of Natural History.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F43613E0-2854-44DE-9654-74138909717D
First record of the beekeeping pest Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) for Honduras
(2024)
Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) (also known as the small hive beetle), an important pest in apiaries, is reported from Honduras for the first time, new country record. The precise distribution in the country is unknown, and no damage related to it has been observed. Photographs are provided to aid in its identification. Differentiation of A. tumida from Aethina villosa Reitter and Aethina quadrata Sharp, which also occur in Honduras, is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAF12C6A-0F8C-4151-9C4D-F191CCC4032F
Three species of false click beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are added to the Nearctic fauna. One new species, Isorhipis bicolor, is described from a small series collected in Florida, U.S.A. Eighteen specimens collected from Georgia were identified as Dyscharachthis amplicollis (Fleutiaux), new U.S.A. records for a species previously taken from Japan and Southeast Asia. Examination of a series of eucnemids collected by Kyle Schnepp in Florida allowed me to revisit the Deltometopus fauna in eastern North America. Antennal structures present in a series of male specimens in the loan and past examined specimens are definitive enough to resurrect Deltometopus ereptus Bonvouloir, status restored, from synonymy with Deltometopus amoenicornis (Say). Species identification keys are provided for Deltometopus Bonvouloir and Isorhipis Boisduval and Lacordaire in the Nearctic region. Diagnostic differences are briefly noted for each of the three newly added species found in the United States. Images of three species and the related D. amoenicornis are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:30F462F1-966F-4A4F-9D10-BF967AED6574
In der Bibliographie sind alle bisher ermittelten Publikationen von und über Curt SigmarGutkind verzeichnet. Belegexemplare der von ihm verfassten Aufsätze und Zeitungsbeiträge(Rezensionen, Theaterkritiken usw.) befinden sich in seinem im Mannheimer Stadtarchivaufbewahrten Nachlass. Alle Einträge wurden autoptisch geprüft.
Dorothea Gotfurt, 1907–1995
(2024)
Dorothea Gotfurt kam 1935 als Exilantin nach England. Dort wurde sie zur Übersetzerin. Zwischen 1955 und 1970 veröffentlichte sie vor allem im Scherz-Verlag (Bern), aber auch bei Fischer (Frankfurt/M.), Rowohlt (Reinbek) oder Szolnay (Wien) über dreißig von ihr ins Deutsche gebrachte Romane aus der zeitgenössischen englischsprachigen Literatur.
Im November durfte er seinen 77. Geburtstag feiern, von Ruhestand ist aber noch keine Spur. Gerade bereitet er sich in seinem Büro über der Neuen Mensa am alten Campus in Bockenheim mit großem Elan auf die nächste Seminarsitzung vor. »Die Lehre an der Universität wie an Fachhochschulen war mir nie eine Last. Ich habe versucht, die Studierenden zu motivieren oder bei Bedarf gar zu provozieren, um zu kommunizieren, weil wir alle viel mehr von gegenseitigem Austausch haben«, sagt Ludwig Salgo. Zahlreiche Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit, aus der Rechtswissenschaft, aber auch aus der Erziehungswissenschaft haben seine Veranstaltungen besucht; etliche Juristinnen und Juristen haben bei ihm promoviert, sich für die pädagogische oder juristische Laufbahn qualifiziert. Sein zentrales Thema in Forschung und Lehre: das Verhältnis Eltern-Kind-Staat. Anfang 2012 ging er in den Ruhestand, doch die Lehre blieb vorerst seine große Passion. Jetzt beendet er seine Seniorprofessur an der Goethe-Universität zum Semesterende nach zehn Jahren: »Nun ist es genug«, sagt er. In der Fortbildung für Jugendämter, Verfahrensbeistände und Juristen, auch in Stiftungen und Verbänden, hier vor allem im Kinderschutzbund in Frankfurt, möchte er weiterhin aktiv bleiben, auch um für das Thema Kindeswohl zu sensibilisieren. Dass er dann mehr Zeit für seine große Leidenschaft haben wird, freut ihn: »Ich leide an der Melomanie«, sagt der passionierte Freund klassischer Musik. »Wie Nietzsche treffenderweise einmal bemerkt hat, wäre das Leben ohne Musik ein Irrtum.«
Unter Experten in Sachen Übersetzungsgeschichte ist Johann Diederich Gries kein Unbekannter. Er zählt z. B. zu den zehn "bedeutende[n] Übersetzerpersönlichkeiten von der frühen Neuzeit bis heute", deren Leben und Werk in der Europäischen Übersetzungsgeschichte von Jörn Albrecht und Iris Plack dargestellt wird. Friedmar Apels von Gottsched und Bode bis Dedecius und Enzensberger reichende "Leseliste zur Geschichte des Übersetzens in Deutschland" umfasst 60 Übersetzer, von Gries werden dessen Calderón- und Tasso-Übersetzungen zur Lektüre empfohlen.
We describe a new species of karst-dwelling pitviper from Chumphon Province of Peninsular Thailand, in the Isthmus of Kra, based on morphological and molecular data (2427 bp from cyt b, ND4 and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes). Morphologically, Trimeresurus kraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: a dark/bottle-green dorsum with reddish-brown or purple crossbands; pale green venter lacking dark dots; stripes present on the lateral sides of the ventrals; internasals generally in contact; one large supraocular scale on each side of the head; iris pale copper; tail brown with dark purplish-brown crossbars; dorsal scales in 21–21–15 rows; ventral scales 167 in a single male, 169–171 in females; subcaudal scales 62 in a single male, 52–54 in females, all paired. White vertebral spots present in males, located on approximately every two or four dorsal scales; dark brown spots forming discontinuous pattern present on 1–3 lateral dorsal scale rows; males with reddish-brown postocular stripe with jagged edges. The new species differs from the morphologically similar species Trimeresurus venustus s. str. by a notable divergence in cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (p = 5.9%).
In the vast abyssal plains northwest of Iceland, white glass sponges of the genus Caulophacus Schulze, 1886 were inhabited by reddish Bythocaris G.O. Sars, 1870 shrimps and pinkish amphipods. After in situ observations at 3700 m depth, in -1°C waters by a remotely operated vehicle, members of this assemblage were collected and preserved for molecular studies. Based on integrative taxonomic analyses, the amphipods were identified as a new species of the genus Halirages Boeck, 1871 – Halirages spongiae sp. nov. Lörz, Nack & Tandberg –, as described in detail below. Part of our integrative approach was to establish reference DNA barcodes for known species of Halirages. However, our investigation of material of Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1895 collected around Iceland and Norway revealed slight morphological discrepancies in all the described species of Halirages. Except for Halirages fulvocinctus (M. Sars, 1858), none of the encountered specimens of Calliopiidae fully matched a current species description. We illuminate the morphological characteristics of nine operational taxonomic units, which also represented clades in COI and 28S. We set the Icelandic samples in the context of Halirages from Canada and Norway. A key to the world species of Halirages is provided.
Highlights
• Seed size mediates seedling recruitment in tropical forests and pastures.
• Large-seeded species recruited better than small-seeded species in the forest.
• Recruitment of large-seeded species in pastures was limited by surface temperature.
• Large-seeded species should be protected against drought in regenerating pastures.
Abstract
Seedling recruitment is a key process of plant regeneration that often depends on plant functional traits, such as seed size. To optimize forest restoration efforts, we need to better understand how seedling recruitment of different seed sizes varies along environmental gradients with strong variation in abiotic and biotic factors. To understand these interacting effects, we conducted a sowing experiment with different-sized seeds in forests and pastures in the tropical mountains of southern Ecuador. We quantified seedling recruitment in relation to temperature, soil moisture and biotic pressures. We sowed seeds of five tree species of varying seed size at three elevations (1000, 2000 and 3000 m a.s.l.) in primary forest and pastures. We tested (1) how habitat type influences the recruitment of seedlings belonging to three small- and two large-seeded species, and (2) how abiotic and biotic factors limit seedling recruitment of species with different seed sizes. We found that seedlings of the two large-seeded species recruited better than seedlings of the three small-seeded species, but only in the forest habitat. Seedling recruitment of large seeds was primarily limited by high surface temperature, which explains lower recruitment of large seeds in pastures compared to forests. Our study shows that seed size can be a key trait mediating variability in seedling recruitment in tropical ecosystems. We conclude that restoration measures should aim to mitigate extreme temperatures in tropical pastures to aid the natural regeneration of large-seeded tree species.
Highlights
• Six Newton methods for solving matrix quadratic equations in linear DSGE models.
• Compared to QZ using 99 different DSGE models including Smets and Wouters (2007).
• Newton methods more accurate than QZ with comparable computation burden.
• Apt for refining solutions from alternative methods or nearby parameterizations.
Abstract
This paper presents and compares Newton-based methods from the applied mathematics literature for solving the matrix quadratic that underlies the recursive solution of linear DSGE models. The methods are compared using nearly 100 different models from the Macroeconomic Model Data Base (MMB) and different parameterizations of the monetary policy rule in the medium-scale New Keynesian model of Smets and Wouters (2007) iteratively. We find that Newton-based methods compare favorably in solving DSGE models, providing higher accuracy as measured by the forward error of the solution at a comparable computation burden. The methods, however, suffer from their inability to guarantee convergence to a particular, e.g. unique stable, solution, but their iterative procedures lend themselves to refining solutions either from different methods or parameterizations.
The hierarchical feature regression (HFR) is a novel graph-based regularized regression estimator, which mobilizes insights from the domains of machine learning and graph theory to estimate robust parameters for a linear regression. The estimator constructs a supervised feature graph that decomposes parameters along its edges, adjusting first for common variation and successively incorporating idiosyncratic patterns into the fitting process. The graph structure has the effect of shrinking parameters towards group targets, where the extent of shrinkage is governed by a hyperparameter, and group compositions as well as shrinkage targets are determined endogenously. The method offers rich resources for the visual exploration of the latent effect structure in the data, and demonstrates good predictive accuracy and versatility when compared to a panel of commonly used regularization techniques across a range of empirical and simulated regression tasks.
ISOE-Newsletter Nr. 2/2024
(2024)
Wissenschaftskommunikation zu Risiken von Ewigkeitschemikalien +++ Gemeinsam statt gegeneinander: Waldkonflikte konstruktiv lösen +++ Künstlerische Forschung: Projektstipendium „Insectopolis“ vergeben +++ Sommersemester 2024: Soziale Ökologie und Transdisziplinarität in der Lehre +++ Ökologische Kipppunkte in der mongolischen Steppe erkennen und vermeiden +++ Aktuelle Beiträge im ISOE Blog +++ Aus dem ISOE +++ Das ISOE in den Medien +++ Termine +++ Publikationen
A considerable effort has been dedicated recently to the construction of generic equations of state (EOSs) for matter in neutron stars. The advantage of these approaches is that they can provide model-independent information on the interior structure and global properties of neutron stars. Making use of more than 106 generic EOSs, we assess the validity of quasi-universal relations of neutron-star properties for a broad range of rotation rates, from slow rotation up to the mass-shedding limit. In this way, we are able to determine with unprecedented accuracy the quasi-universal maximum-mass ratio between rotating and nonrotating stars and reveal the existence of a new relation for the surface oblateness, i.e., the ratio between the polar and equatorial proper radii. We discuss the impact that our findings have on the imminent detection of new binary neutron-star mergers and how they can be used to set new and more stringent limits on the maximum mass of nonrotating neutron stars, as well as to improve the modeling of the X-ray emission from the surface of rotating stars.
SAFE Update April 2024
(2024)
Highligthts
• Marburg virus infects and replicates in primary human proximal tubular cells (PTC).
• Transcriptome analyses at multiple time points revealed a profound inflammatory response by IFNα, -y and TNFα signaling.
• Among the strongly downregulated gene sets were targets of the transcription factors MYC and E2F, the G2M checkpoint, as well as oxidative phosphorylation.
• Importantly, the downregulated factors comprise PGC-1α, a key factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and renal energy homeostasis, to be substantially downregulated in MARV-infected PTC.
• Our results suggest inflammation-induced changes in tubular energy metabolism as a possible factor in MARV-associated tubular dysfunction.
Abstract
Marburg virus, a member of the Filoviridae, is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of up to 90 %. Acute kidney injury is common in MVD and is associated with increased mortality, but its pathogenesis in MVD remains poorly understood. Interestingly, autopsies show the presence of viral proteins in different parts of the nephron, particularly in proximal tubular cells (PTC). These findings suggest a potential role for the virus in the development of MVD-related kidney injury. To shed light on this effect, we infected primary human PTC with Lake Victoria Marburg virus and conducted transcriptomic analysis at multiple time points. Unexpectedly, infection did not induce marked cytopathic effects in primary tubular cells at 20 and 40 h post infection. However, gene expression analysis revealed robust renal viral replication and dysregulation of genes essential for different cellular functions. The gene sets mainly downregulated in PTC were associated with the targets of the transcription factors MYC and E2F, DNA repair, the G2M checkpoint, as well as oxidative phosphorylation. Importantly, the downregulated factors comprise PGC-1α, a well-known factor in acute and chronic kidney injury. By contrast, the most highly upregulated gene sets were those related to the inflammatory response and cholesterol homeostasis. In conclusion, Marburg virus infects and replicates in human primary PTC and induces downregulation of processes known to be relevant for acute kidney injury as well as a strong inflammatory response.
The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet suppression using pp and Pb−Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and R= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in central (0−10%), semi-central (30−50%), and peripheral (60−80%) Pb−Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to the lowest jet pT≥40 GeV/c at R=0.6 in central Pb−Pb collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching models with varying levels of agreement.
Die Lincoln-Siedlung in der Wissenschaftsstadt Darmstadt ist sowohl bundesweites Modellprojekt in Sachen nachhaltiger Mobilität als auch Gegenstand verschiedener Forschungsprojekte. Im Projekt NaMoLi II wird die Zufriedenheit der Bewohnenden in der Lincoln-Siedlung mit dem Mobilitätskonzept und seiner Umsetzung analysiert. Des Weiteren wird geprüft, ob und in welcher Form die vorhandenen Rahmenbedingungen eine nachhaltige Mobilität fördern und wie sich die im Quartier bzw. im Umfeld vorhandenen Angebote der Versorgung und sozialen Infrastruktur auf das Mobilitätsverhalten insbesondere neu Zugezogener auswirken. Hierzu hat eine ausgewählte Bevölkerungsgruppe aus der Lincoln-Siedlung über einen Zeitraum von einer Woche Tagebuchprotokolle ihrer täglichen Mobilität geführt. Teilgenommen haben 14 Haushalte mit insgesamt 28 Personen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung maximal 15 Monate im Quartier gelebt haben. Die Protokolle wurden von allen Haushaltsangehörigen ab dem Grundschulalter geführt, jüngere Kinder sind in den Tagebüchern der Eltern erfasst. Notiert wurden Wegezwecke und Wegeziele, das genutzte Verkehrsmittel, Start- und Ankunftszeit sowie die (geschätzte) Entfernung. Des Weiteren wurden Kennwerte zur Haushaltsstruktur erhoben, zu geänderten Gewohnheiten nach dem Umzug in die Lincoln-Siedlung sowie nach Problemen in der Alltagsmobilität gefragt. Die Ergebnisse der Mobilitätstagebücher bieten einen interessanten Einblick in den Mobilitätsalltag einer spezifischen Teilnahmegruppe, die ein besonderes Interesse an Mobilitätsthemen gezeigt hat und die sich weitgehend nachhaltig in ihrem Alltag bewegt. Das Fahrrad ist das wichtigste Verkehrsmittel, gefolgt von den eigenen Füßen. Die Mehrzahl der Wegeziele liegt innerhalb eines Radius von bis zu zwei Kilometer. Die multimodalen Angebote im Quartier werden gut genutzt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Methode der Tagebuchprotokolle über einen längeren Zeitraum zielführend ist, um Hinweise für die Alltagstauglichkeit des Mobilitätskonzeptes sowie zu dessen Weiterentwicklung bzw. Nachsteuerung zu erlangen.
In the first half of the 20th century, when architecture and literature dreamed of transparency, glass was the material these dreams were made of. However, the historiography of both fields usually focuses on a few canonical works by male authors to tell the story of this shared fascination. Departing from this imbalance, this essay takes the opportunity to explore the glass culture of modernity through the lens of female projects whose stories often take place simultaneously on different continents. While the former silent film actor Evelyn Word Leigh builds a glass house for herself in Nyack, New York, artists and writers based in Europe – like Claude Cahun, Anaïs Nin, and Hilda 'H.D.' Doolittle – flesh out imaginary glass domes as construction sites of artistic subjectivities. Whether homes or domes, these creative women used glass environments to question and renegotiate their assigned places in Western societies, challenging the boundaries of female agency.
While high-quality climate reconstructions of some past warm periods in the Cenozoic era now exist, the geological processes responsible for driving the observed longterm changes in atmospheric CO2 are not sufficiently well understood. The long-term change in atmospheric CO2 across the Cenozoic has been proposed to be driven by processes such as terrestrial weathering, organic carbon production and burial, reverse weathering, and volcanic degassing. One way of constraining the relative importance of the various driving forces proposed so far is to better understand the degree to which ocean chemistry has changed because the chemistry of seawater responds to geologic processes that drive atmospheric CO2. In addition, knowledge of the concentration of the major elements in seawater is crucial for accurately applying proxies such as those based on the boron isotopic composition and Mg/Ca of marine carbonates (a proxy for palaeo pH/CO2 and palaeotemperature, respectively). Previously reported records of seawater composition are primarily derived from fluid inclusions in marine evaporites; however, the results are sparse due to the limited availability of such deposits. In this thesis, changes in the Eocene seawater chemistry were reconstructed using trace element (elements/Ca) and isotopic (δ26Mg) proxies in a Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBFs), i.e., Nummulites sp., to constrain the driving processes of long-term changes in seawater chemistry.
To achieve the objective of this thesis, first, a measurement protocol was established using LA-ICPMS to measure the K/Ca ratio simultaneously with other element/calcium ratios, which is challenging due to the interference of ArH+ on K+. Utilising this newly established measurement protocol, laboratory-cultured Operculina ammonoides grown at different seawater calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]), repeated at different temperatures, as well as modern O. ammonoides collected from different regions exhibiting a range of seawater parameters, were investigated. A significant correlation was observed between K/Casw and K/CaLBF, allowing K/CaLBF to potentially be used as a proxy for seawater major ion reconstructions. In addition, modern O. ammonoides demonstrated no significant influence of most seawater parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, or [CO32-]) on K/CaLBF. Modern O.
ammonoides were also assessed for their Mg isotopic composition (δ26Mg), revealing no significant effect of temperature or salinity on δ26MgLBF. Furthermore, the Mg isotopic fractionation in O. ammonoides was found to be close to that of inorganic calcite, indicating minimal vital effects in these large benthic foraminifera.
Operculina ammonoides is the nearest living relative of the abundant Eocene genus Nummulites, enabling the reconstruction of seawater chemistry using the calibration based on O. ammonoides. The trace elemental/calcium proxies, including Na/Ca, K/Ca, and Mg/Ca, as well as the δ26Mg proxy, were investigated in Eocene Nummulites. The result showed that during the Eocene, [Ca2+]sw was 1.6-2 times higher, while [K+]sw was ~2 times lower than the modern seawater composition. Furthermore, [Mg2+]sw decreased from the early Eocene (54.3− +9 7..69 mmol kg-1 at ~55 Ma) to Late Eocene (37.8− +4 4..3 4 mmol kg-1 at ~31 Ma), followed by
an increase toward modern seawater [Mg]. In contrast, the variability in δ26Mgsw values remained within a narrow range of ~0.3 ‰ throughout the Cenozoic. The reconstructed [Ca2+]sw agrees with the suggestion that Cenozoic seawater chemistry changes can be explained via a change in the seafloor spreading rate. When combined with existing records, the observed minimal change in δ26Mgsw with an increase in [Mg2+]sw suggests an additional possible role of a decrease in the formation of authigenic clay minerals coincident with the Cenozoic decline in deep ocean temperature, which is also supported by the increase in the [K+]sw reconstructed here for the first time. This finding highlights that the reduction in seafloor-spreading rate and decline in reverse weathering during the Cenozoic era has played a significant role in the evolution of seawater chemistry, emphasizing the importance of these processes in driving long-term changes in the carbon cycle.
We document the individual willingness to act against climate change and study the role of social norms in a large sample of US adults. Individual beliefs about social norms positively predict pro-climate donations, comparable in strength to universal moral values and economic preferences such as patience and reciprocity. However, we document systematic misperceptions of social norms. Respondents vastly underestimate the prevalence of climate-friendly behaviors and norms. Correcting these misperceptions in an experiment causally raises individual willingness to act against climate change as well as individual support for climate policies. The effects are strongest for individuals who are skeptical about the existence and threat of global warming.
The beetle genus Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) is found in the cones of cycad genera in the New World, including species of Ceratozamia Brongn., Dioon Lindl., Microcycas (Miq.) A.DC and Zamia L. Its presence and diversity are analyzed for the 17 species of Zamia known to occur in Panama. Nine species are recognized, and five new species are described: Pharaxonotha clarkorum Pakaluk, P. confusa Pakaluk, P. fortunensis Tang, Skelley and Taylor new species, P. holzmani Tang, Skelley and Taylor new species, P. kirschii Reitter, P. manicatae Tang, Skelley and Taylor new species, P. panamensis Tang, Skelley and Taylor new species, P. pseudoparasitica Tang, Skelley and Taylor new species, and P. taylori Skelley and Tang. A key to species of Pharaxonotha in Panama is presented.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C054B0D4-FD00-4AE7-BBA7-C75A12368561
An overview of the genus Psephenops Grouvelle (Coleoptera: Psephenidae: Psepheninae) is provided with geographic distributions of the species. The taxonomic history of Psephenops smithi Grouvelle, the type species from Grenada and St. Vincent, and junior synonym Xexanchorinus latus Grouvelle from Grenada, is discussed, and lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for both. Photographs of the type series and a non-type specimen with illustrated male genitalia, along with new distributional information for the species, are provided. The male, female, and associated larva of Psephenops trini Barr and Shepard, new species, are described and illustrated, as is the habitat of this species in Trinidad and Tobago. The Peruvian species Psephenus robacki Spangler is transferred from Psephenus Haldeman to Psephenops as Psephenops robacki (Spangler) new combination. Photographs of the female holotype are included, and possible new distributional records from Peru are reported.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5C9ECB63-6A77-4FF6-8391-BF0F77BE5674
Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a widely-distributed pest that feeds on many economically important hosts, particularly tropical fruits and ornamentals. The potential distribution of this mealybug pest in South Korea remains a primary concern because of its high incidence of interceptions screened during inspection. Hence, this species prompted a modelling effort to assess its potential risk of introduction. Potential risk maps were developed for this pest with a CLIMEX model based on occurrence records under environmental data. The potential distribution of these pests in South Korea in the 2020s, 2050s and 2090s was projected based on the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Results showed that P. longispinus has little potential for invasion in the outdoor environment of South Korea due to high cold stress in the 2020s. However, some locations in Jejudo were predicted to be marginally suitable under future climate factors. In that respect, the results of this model prediction could be used to prepare a risk-based surveying program that improves the probability of detecting early P. longispinus populations.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9E0CBFE6-E1AA-4B55-9E58-70B170E0FBD8
A new species, Chlorocoris charluzae Thomas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is described from Panama. Eludocoris grandis Thomas is reported from Panama for the first time. The distribution of Chlorocoris rufispinus Dallas to include Panama is confirmed. Arawacoris Thomas, described as a subgenus of Chlorocoris Spinola, is elevated to full genus.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F4E45B6C-5BD8-4B3E-B599-3BB61855B392
Pears, Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nak. (Rosaceae) are one of the most widely grown fruit trees in South Korea. Approximately 11% of the total pear production in 2022 was exported to countries such as the US and Vietnam. Exported pears must be free of pest species that are considered of quarantine importance by the importing countries. Herein, a list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with pear trees is updated. Additionally, Spilococcus pacificus (Borchsenius) is added to the list of mealybugs affecting pears in South Korea and is briefly diagnosed based on non-type specimens and illustrated using photographs. Information on its distribution and plant hosts are also provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48A93063-EB78-402F-82CE-168540C90FE2
Highlights
• High resolution profile of C. pipiens' sugar diet has been obtained using UHPLC-MS.
• Artificial feeding using ornamental plants provides similar sugar profiles as observed in field collected mosquitoes.
• Metabolomic profiling found secondary metabolites and pollutants of anthropogenic use.
Abstract: Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) mosquitoes search plant sources of sugars to cope with the energetic demand of various physiological processes. The crop as part of the digestive system is devoted to the storage of sugar-based meal obtained from various nectars sources. The profiling of sugars and metabolites in the Culex pipiens’ crop is scarce, and only few studies used Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), which provides broad detection for biomonitoring environmental substances and even contaminants in the sugar diet of mosquitoes populations.
Therefore, sugar and metabolite profiling were performed on crops obtained from mosquitoes exposed to plant nectar under laboratory or natural conditions by Ultra High-Performance LC-MS (UHPLC-MS). This method allowed us a precise quantitative and qualitative identification of sugar diet and associated environmental compounds in the crop of the mosquito C. pipiens. Under laboratory condition, mosquitoes were allowed to feed on either glucose solution, commercially-available flowers or field collected flowers. In addition, we collected mosquitoes from the field to compare those crop metabolomes with metabolome patterns occurring after nectar feeding in the lab.
The sugar quantities and quality obtained from the crops of mosquitoes collected in the field were similar to those crops obtained from mosquitoes that fed on commercially-available flowers and from field collected flowers with a limit of detection of 10 μg/L for sucrose, glucose and sucrose. Next to sugar compounds, we identified 2 types of amino acids, 12 natural products, and 9 pesticides.
Next to the diversity of sugar compounds, we could confirm that secondary metabolites and environmental pollutants are typically up taken from floral nectar sources by C. pipiens. The in-depth knowledge on mosquito–plant interactions may inspire the development and further optimization of mosquito trap systems and arboviral surveillance systems.
The subgenus Indonthophagus Kabakov, 2006 of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) is reviewed. A morphological definition of it is provided. A diagnosis, based both on external and internal characters, of the seven species deemed to belong to the group according to literature, is supplied. As a result, Onthophagus spinifex (Fabricius, 1781), previously placed with some uncertainty in the subgenus, is definitively excluded. A key to Indonthophagus species is also provided, as well as images of male, aedeagus and endophallus for each species. New country records of Onthophagus turbatus Walker, 1858 for Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan are given.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D0CE9F2-35CF-449D-8984-1B4C722762F7
Members of the genus Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) constitute a significant component of the Neotropical (including insular) bee fauna, exhibiting high species richness, a moderate to large body size, and extensive interactions with various important plant groups. Females of most species possess specialized morphology adapted for collecting oils from flowers. This study documents the presence of the genus in Cuba, recognizing six species: C. aethiops Cresson, C. cornuta Cresson, C. fulviventris Cresson, C. poecila Lepeletier, C. taina Genaro and Breto new species, and C. tarsata F. Smith. Detailed information is provided for each species, encompassing a diagnosis, natural history, floral associations, seasonal occurrence, and distribution. Centris taina new species is described from Cuba, based on both sexes, which were previously misidentified as C. versicolor (Fabr.) for females and C. fasciatus F. Smith for males due to sexual dimorphism. Centris tarsata is reported as a new national record for Cuba, possibly introduced by humans from South America and now established and widely distributed across the entire island. A key to differentiate the Cuban species of Centris is presented.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:257916DF-2129-4694-876C-49C858046BF6
The two-particle momentum correlation functions between charm mesons (D∗± and D±) and charged light-flavor mesons (π± and K±) in all charge-combinations are measured for the first time by the ALICE Collaboration in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV. For DK and D∗K pairs, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the residual strong interaction based on quantum chromodynamics calculations on the lattice and chiral effective field theory. In the case of Dπ and D∗π pairs, tension between the calculations including strong interactions and the measurement is observed. For all particle pairs, the data can be adequately described by Coulomb interaction only, indicating a shallow interaction between charm and light-flavor mesons. Finally, the scattering lengths governing the residual strong interaction of the Dπ and D∗π systems are determined by fitting the experimental correlation functions with a model that employs a Gaussian potential. The extracted values are small and compatible with zero.
U.S. port of entry interception data revealed that Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was the most frequently intercepted genus of Thripidae. No published identification resource for intercepted Frankliniella is available to USDA port of entry entomology identifiers. A morphological review of intercepted species was conducted. A dichotomous key for the identification of intercepted slide mounted adult females was created. Morphological diagnosis, description of each species with their geographic region(s) of origin and frequency of interception is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:403B362E-9A7F-4385-A0F1-9DB87FE09AD2
Here, we introduce racoon_clip, a sustainable and fully automated pipeline for the complete processing of iCLIP and eCLIP data to extract RNA binding signal at single-nucleotide resolution. racoon_clip is easy to install and execute, with multiple pre-settings and fully customizable parameters, and outputs a conclusive summary report with visualizations and statistics for all analysis steps.
For genus g=r(r+1)2+1, we prove that via the forgetful map, the universal Prym-Brill-Noether locus Rrg has a unique irreducible component dominating the moduli space Rg of Prym curves.
Can prediction error explain predictability effects on the N1 during picture-word verification?
(2024)
Do early effects of predictability in visual word recognition reflect prediction error? Electrophysiological research investigating word processing has demonstrated predictability effects in the N1, or first negative component of the event-related potential (ERP). However, findings regarding the magnitude of effects and potential interactions of predictability with lexical variables have been inconsistent. Moreover, past studies have typically used categorical designs with relatively small samples and relied on by-participant analyses. Nevertheless, reports have generally shown that predicted words elicit less negative-going (i.e., lower amplitude) N1s, a pattern consistent with a simple predictive coding account. In our preregistered study, we tested this account via the interaction between prediction magnitude and certainty. A picture-word verification paradigm was implemented in which pictures were followed by tightly matched picture-congruent or picture-incongruent written nouns. The predictability of target (picture-congruent) nouns was manipulated continuously based on norms of association between a picture and its name. ERPs from 68 participants revealed a pattern of effects opposite to that expected under a simple predictive coding framework.