Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (31019)
- Part of Periodical (11533)
- Book (8264)
- Doctoral Thesis (5696)
- Part of a Book (3956)
- Working Paper (3384)
- Review (2939)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2337)
- Preprint (2040)
- Report (1560)
Language
- German (42636)
- English (29064)
- French (1060)
- Portuguese (840)
- Spanish (309)
- Croatian (302)
- Multiple languages (258)
- Italian (197)
- mis (174)
- Turkish (168)
Has Fulltext
- yes (75332) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (1076)
- Literatur (866)
- taxonomy (760)
- Deutschland (553)
- Rezension (511)
- new species (449)
- Rezeption (354)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (341)
- Übersetzung (325)
- Geschichte (300)
Institute
- Medizin (7663)
- Präsidium (5136)
- Physik (4402)
- Extern (2738)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2670)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2368)
- Biowissenschaften (2172)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1971)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (1659)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (1619)
Four new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896, C. triangula sp. nov., C. saccata sp. nov., C. trilobata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. from China (Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan provinces), are described and illustrated, giving the genus 14 species in total. A checklist and key to all known species of Catonidia are provided, as well as a map of their geographic distributions.
Four new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896, C. triangula sp. nov., C. saccata sp. nov., C. trilobata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. from China (Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan provinces), are described and illustrated, giving the genus 14 species in total. A checklist and key to all known species of Catonidia are provided, as well as a map of their geographic distributions.
New World lampyrid taxonomy faces severe taxonomic impediments. Most species remain known from original taxonomic descriptions only, often insufficient for accurate identification. Therefore, the study of type specimens is critical to ensure proper identification. The Russian entomologist Viktor Ivanovich Motschulsky was one of the most important authors of firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) taxonomy during the XIXth century, and his work is still relevant today. Part of his material, including the type specimens of several species, is deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Unlike their European, Asian, and Oceanian counterparts, the taxonomy of Neotropical fireflies is still in its infancy, partly due to largely outdated literature and difficulties in accessing type specimens. Here, we review the type specimens of 38 firefly species deposited at ZIN, 15 of which are holotypes and 7 are lectotypes. For each specimen, the name-bearing status, condition of preservation, as well as the associated label data are provided. Lectotypes are designated for the following species described by Motschulsky: Bicellonycha lividipennis, Ellychnia californica, Lychnuris klugii, Macrolampis longipennis, Pseudolychnuris suturalis, Telephoroides lineaticollis, Telephoroide occidentalis.
Phyllanthus novofriburgensis J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. and P. pedrosae J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. are new species of Phyllanthaceae described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, respectively. Phyllanthus novofriburgensis resembles P. acutifolius Poir. ex Spreng., P. hypoleucus Müll.Arg. and P. lilliputianus J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga, sharing ovate, elliptical, and lanceolate leaf blades. However, it can be distinguished by its pendulous habit, often with sinuous branches and lanceolate leaf blades with characteristically revolute margins. Phyllanthus pedrosae exhibits morphological similarities with P. claussenii Müll.Arg. due to its subshrubby and prostrate habit. It is distinghuished by the unisexual inflorescence with cymules composed of one or two staminate flowers proximally positioned in the axil of the branches and solitary pistillate flowers distally situated, and the 5-merous calyx in the staminate and pistillate flowers. Both new species are classified in Phyllanthus subgen. Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani G.L.Webster, primarily due to the deeply emarginate anthers. Notes on their geographical distribution and habitat are provided, as well as a key to the species of Phyllanthus from Southeastern Brazil.
In the present study, a revision of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Dorididae is carried out focusing on the genus Doris Linnaeus, 1758. The type species D. verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 and a blueish and yellow morphotype of D. ocelligera collected in different localities in the Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic were sequenced, as well as D. bertheloti and the elusive D. marmorata for the first time. The genetic markers include the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone 3. The phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Doris is paraphyletic, and D. ocelligera morphotypes separate into two species, as confirmed with species delimitation tests. To complement the phylogenetic evidence with morphoanatomical data, the dissection of two specimens of each morphotype is conducted. Significant differences in morphological traits such as body shape, colouration patterns, and mantle tubercles come to light, together with anatomical differences in the relative shape and size of the radular teeth and reproductive structures. Considering the modern and old descriptions of D. ocelligera, it is finally concluded that the blueish morphotype belongs to D. ocelligera. In contrast, the yellow morphotype responds to the actual synonym Aldisa berghi (Vayssière, 1901), which is resurrected here as Doris berghi comb. rest. Considering the broad phylogeny of the family, some systematic notes at the genus level are here provided.
Highlights
• Artificial intelligence systems for mechanically ventilated patients are increasing.
• The clinical and financial impact of these models are often unexamined.
• We developed a generic health-economic model for artificial intelligence systems.
• This model assesses the cost-effectiveness for many different scenarios.
• The developed framework is easily adjustable to other (clinical) situations.
Abstract
Purpose: The health and economic consequences of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients often remain unstudied. Early health technology assessments (HTA) can examine the potential impact of AI systems by using available data and simulations. Therefore, we developed a generic health-economic model suitable for early HTA of AI systems for mechanically ventilated patients.
Materials and methods: Our generic health-economic model simulates mechanically ventilated patients from their hospitalisation until their death. The model simulates two scenarios, care as usual and care with the AI system, and compares these scenarios to estimate their cost-effectiveness.
Results: The generic health-economic model we developed is suitable for estimating the cost-effectiveness of various AI systems. By varying input parameters and assumptions, the model can examine the cost-effectiveness of AI systems across a wide range of different clinical settings.
Conclusions: Using the proposed generic health-economic model, investors and innovators can easily assess whether implementing a certain AI system is likely to be cost-effective before an exact clinical impact is determined. The results of the early HTA can aid investors and innovators in deployment of AI systems by supporting development decisions, informing value-based pricing, clinical trial design, and selection of target patient groups.
Highlights
• Gender cues are defined differently across languages.
• We propose a new refined and standardized definition of gender transparency.
• Gender transparency is quantifiable with values that match theoretical expectations.
• We present the first quantitative method to measure the gender transparency of languages.
Abstract
Languages can express grammatical gender through different ortho-phonological regularities present in nouns (e.g., the cues “-o” and “-a” for the masculine and the feminine respectively in Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish). The term “gender transparency” was coined to describe these regularities (Bates et al., 1995). In gendered languages, we can hence distinguish between transparent nouns, i.e., those displaying form regularities; opaque nouns, i.e., those with ambiguous endings; and irregular nouns, i.e., those that display the typical form regularities but are associated with the opposite gender. Following a descriptive analysis of such regularities, languages have been recently classified according to their degree of gender transparency, which seems relevant in regard to gender acquisition and processing. Yet, there are certain inconsistencies in determining which languages are overall transparent and which are opaque. In particular, it is not clear whether some other complex regularities such as derivational suffixes are also “transparent” cues for gender, what really constitutes an “opaque” noun, or which role orthography and morphology have in transparency. Given the existing inconsistencies in classifying languages as transparent or opaque, this work introduces a proposal to assess gender transparency systematically. Our methodology adapts the standardized factors proposed by Audring (2019) to analyse the relative complexity of gender systems. Such factors are adapted to gender transparency on the basis of the literature on gender acquisition and processing. To support the feasibility of such a proposal, the concepts have been instantiated in a quantitative model to obtain for the first time an objective measure of gender transparency using European Portuguese and Dutch as instances of target languages. Our results coincide with the theoretically expected outcome: European Portuguese obtains a high value of gender transparency while Dutch obtains a moderately low one. Future adaptations of this model to the gender systems of other languages could allow the continuum of gender transparency to sustain robust predictions in studies on gender processing and acquisition.
Highlights
• Deletion of SPPL3 promotes resistance of malignant B cells to NK cell cytotoxicity
• Loss of SPPL3 blocks ligand binding to NK receptors via increased N-glycosylation
• B3GNT2 deletion reduces LacNAc addition and restores SPPL3-KO cell sensitivity to NK cells
• SPPL3-deficient cells are enriched in tetra-antennary N-glycans with LacNAc elongations
Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells are primary defenders against cancer precursors, but cancer cells can persist by evading immune surveillance. To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying this evasion, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR screen using B lymphoblastoid cells. SPPL3, a peptidase that cleaves glycosyltransferases in the Golgi, emerges as a top hit facilitating evasion from NK cytotoxicity. SPPL3-deleted cells accumulate glycosyltransferases and complex N-glycans, disrupting not only binding of ligands to NK receptors but also binding of rituximab, a CD20 antibody approved for treating B cell cancers. Notably, inhibiting N-glycan maturation restores receptor binding and sensitivity to NK cells. A secondary CRISPR screen in SPPL3-deficient cells identifies B3GNT2, a transferase-mediating poly-LacNAc extension, as crucial for resistance. Mass spectrometry confirms enrichment of N-glycans bearing poly-LacNAc upon SPPL3 loss. Collectively, our study shows the essential role of SPPL3 and poly-LacNAc in cancer immune evasion, suggesting a promising target for cancer treatment.
Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 22.42 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, we measure the cross sections of the 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜂𝐽/𝜓 process at center-of-mass energies from 3.808 to 4.951 GeV. Three structures are observed in the line shape of the measured cross sections. A maximum-likelihood fit with 𝜓(4040), two additional resonances, and a nonresonant component are performed. The mass and width of the first additional state are (4219.7±2.5±4.5) MeV/𝑐2 and (80.7±4.4±1.4) MeV, respectively, consistent with the 𝜓(4230). For the second state, the mass and width are (4386±13±17) MeV/𝑐2 and (177±32±13) MeV, respectively, consistent with the 𝜓(4360). The first uncertainties are statistical, and the second ones are systematic. The statistical significance of 𝜓(4040) is 8.0𝜎 and those for 𝜓(4230) and 𝜓(4360) are more than 10.0𝜎.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4, which distinctly exceeds the upper limit measured by Belle experiment. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3, which is consistent with previous measurements.
We report the first amplitude analysis of the decays D0→π+π−η and D+→π+π0η using a data sample taken with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.9 fb−1. The contribution from the process D0(+)→a0(980)+π−(0) is significantly larger than the D0(+)→a0(980)−(0)π+ contribution. The ratios B(D0→a0(980)+π−)/B(D0→a0(980)−π+) and B(D+→a0(980)+π0)/B(D+→a0(980)0π+) are measured to be 7.5+2.5−0.8stat.±1.7syst. and 2.6±0.6stat.±0.3syst., respectively. The measured D0 ratio disagrees with the theoretical predictions by orders of magnitudes, thus implying a substantial contribution from final-state interactions.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3.
Using 7.33~fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies in the range of s√=4.128−4.226~GeV, we search for the rare decays D+s→h+(h0)e+e−, where h represents a kaon or pion. By requiring the e+e− invariant mass to be consistent with a ϕ(1020), 0.98<M(e+e−)<1.04 ~GeV/c2, the decay D+s→π+ϕ,ϕ→e+e− is observed with a statistical significance of 7.8σ, and evidence for the decay D+s→ρ+ϕ,ϕ→e+e− is found for the first time with a statistical significance of 4.4σ. The decay branching fractions are measured to be B(D+s→π+ϕ,ϕ→e+e−)=(1.17+0.23−0.21±0.03)×10−5, and B(D+s→ρ+ϕ,ϕ→e+e−)=(2.44+0.67−0.62±0.16)×10−5, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No significant signal for the three four-body decays of D+s→π+π0e+e−, D+s→K+π0e+e−, and D+s→K0Sπ+e+e− is observed. For D+s→π+π0e+e−, the ϕ mass region is vetoed to minimize the long-distance effects. The 90% confidence level upper limits set on the branching fractions of these decays are in the range of (7.0−8.1)×10−5.
Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 4.67 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we search for the process e+e−→η′ψ(2S) at center-of-mass energies from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV. No significant signal is observed, and upper limits for the Born cross sections σB(e+e−→η′ψ(2S)) at the 90\% confidence level are determined.
Based on (2.712±0.014)×109 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII collaboration, evidence of the hadronic decay hc→K0SK+π−+c.c. is found with a significance of 4.3σ in the ψ(3686)→π0hc process. The branching fraction of hc→K0SK+π−+c.c. is measured to be (7.3±0.8±1.8)×10−4, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Combining with the exclusive decay width of ηc→KK¯π, our result indicates inconsistencies with both pQCD and NRQCD predictions.
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e+e−→η+X, normalized by the total cross section of e+e−→hadrons, is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 GeV to 3.6710 GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy from calculations with the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well.
We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋0 with a significance of 5.7𝜎 and the first evidence of Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋+𝜋− decay with a significance of 3.1𝜎, based on 𝑒+𝑒−annihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fb−1, in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋0 and Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋+𝜋− relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋0)ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝜋+𝜋0) = (2.09±0.39stat±0.07syst)×10−2 and ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋+𝜋−)ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝜋+𝜋+𝜋−) = (1.13±0.41stat±0.06syst)×10−2, respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝜋+𝜋0), we obtain the branching fraction ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ𝐾+𝜋0) = (1.49±0.27stat±0.05syst±0.08ref)×10−3. This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark 𝑆𝑈(3) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair 𝑆-wave amplitude dominance.
Based on 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data accumulated at center-of-mass energies between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV with the BESIII detector, the decay Λ+c→nK0Sπ+π0 is observed for the first time with a significance of 9.2σ. The branching fraction is measured to be (0.85±0.13±0.03)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, which differs from the theoretical prediction based on isospin by 4.4σ. This indicates that there may be resonant contributions or some unknown dynamics in this decay.
Six C-even states, denoted as X, with quantum numbers JPC=0−+, 1±+, or 2±+, are searched for via the e+e−→γD±sD∗∓s process using (1667.39±8.84) pb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energy of s√=(4681.92±0.30) MeV. No statistically significant signal is observed in the mass range from 4.08 to 4.32 GeV/c2. The upper limits of σ[e+e−→γX]⋅B[X→D±sD∗∓s] at a 90% confidence level are determined.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we investigate the semileptonic decays D+→π+π−ℓ+νℓ (ℓ=e and μ). The D+→f0(500)μ+νμ decay is observed for the first time. By analyzing simultaneously the differential decay rates of D+→f0(500)μ+νμ and D+→f0(500)e+νe in different ℓ+νℓ four-momentum transfer intervals, the product of the relevant hadronic form factor ff0+(0) and the magnitude of the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcd| is determined to be ff0+(0)|Vcd|=0.0787±0.0060stat±0.0033syst for the first time. With the input of |Vcd| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ff0+(0)=0.350±0.027stat±0.015syst. The absolute branching fractions of D+→f0(500)(π+π−)μ+νμ and D+→ρ0(π+π−)μ+νμ are determined as (0.72±0.13stat±0.10syst)×10−3 and (1.64±0.13stat±0.11syst)×10−3. Combining these results with those of previous BESIII measurements on their semielectronic counterparts from the same data sample, we test lepton flavor universality by measuring the branching fraction ratios BD+→ρ0μ+νμ/BD+→ρ0e+νe=0.88±0.10 and BD+→f0(500)μ+νμ/BD+→f0(500)e+νe = 1.14±0.28, which are compatible with the standard model expectation.
The process e+e−→pp¯π0 is studied at 20 center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.1000 to 3.0800 GeV using 636.8 pb−1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections for e+e−→pp¯π0 are measured with high precision. Since the lowest center-of-mass energy, 2.1000 GeV, is less than 90 MeV above the pp¯π0 energy threshold, we can probe the threshold behavior for this reaction. However, no anomalous threshold enhancement is found in the cross sections for e+e−→pp¯π0.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4, which distinctly exceeds the upper limit measured by Belle experiment. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3, which is consistent with previous measurements.
Invitation, to exi(s)t
(2024)
This joint piece aspires to be a dialogue. In a dialogue, people speak and, most importantly, listen, from their respective positions. Drawing from Trinh T. Minh-ha's notion of speaking nearby, Dulley and Streva reflect on the relationship between authorship, authority, and authoritarianism; the parallel between listening and reading, on the one hand, and speaking and writing, on the other hand; the entanglement between disciplinary systems of knowledge and colonial structures of power; the opacity of others and the imperialistic drive to reduce them to transparency; the supposed subject of knowledge and the void. As they converse on these matters, they speak nearby authors from both the so-called Global South and the so-called Global North who are thus juxtaposed, further developed, and displaced towards a politics and ethics of fugitivity. What follows is an invitation to exi(s)t.
Using a sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events, which is about 45 times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the J/ψ→γ3(π+π−) decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84 GeV/c2 in the line-shape of the 3(π+π−) invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, X(1840) and X(1880). The new state X(1880) is observed with a statistical significance larger than 10σ. The mass and width of X(1880) are determined to be 1882.1±1.7±0.7 MeV/c2 and 30.7±5.5±2.4 MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a pp¯ bound state.
Carbonate archives record a brief snapshot of the ambient Earth’s surface conditions at their deposition. However, the geologically reasonable extraction and interpretation of geochemical proxy data from ancient, diagenetically altered rock archives is fraught with problems. Three issues stand out: the dichotomy between petrographic and geochemical alteration; the lack of quantitative age constraints for specific diagenetic phases resulting in a poorly constrained admixture of local, basin-wide and over-regional (far-field) features; and an often insufficient understanding of the temperatures and compositions of diagenetic fluids. Here, the archive of Devonian marine limestones exposed to multiple far-field diagenetic events is used as an example to explore the above-listed issues. Methods applied include petrography, micro XRF, fluid inclusion data, clumped isotopes, δ13C and δ18O isotopes, 87Sr/86Sr ratios and quartz trace element data. Devonian limestones studied here were overprinted by two cross-cutting regional fault zones (T ≈ 230 °C) by multiple events between the Variscan Orogeny and the late Paleogene. The following processes are recorded: (i) protolith deposition and partial dolomitisation during rapid burial in the Middle/Late Devonian (T ≈ 180 °C); (ii) deep burial to ca 6.5 km and tectonic/hydrothermal overprint during the Variscan Orogeny in the Carboniferous (T ≈ 90–230 °C); (iii) rapid uplift to 1–2 km burial depth at the end of the Variscan Orogeny and hypogene karstification (T ≈ 50 to 100 °C) initiated by regional geology in the Permian/Triassic; (iv) tectonic/hydrothermal overprint during the opening of the Proto-Atlantic Ocean between the Early Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous (T ≈ 50 to 130 °C); (v) tectonic/hydrothermal overprint including renewed hypogene karstification and hydrothermal calcite cement precipitation (T ≈ 50 to 180 °C) during Alpine Orogeny between the Late Cretaceous and late Paleogene. Despite this complex series of diagenetic events, the protolith limestones largely preserved their respective Middle/Late Devonian dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 87Sr/86Sr signatures. This study documents that geochemical proxy data, placed into their petrographic, paleotemperature, and local to over-regional context, significantly increases the ability to extract quantitative information from ancient carbonate rock archives. Research shown here has wider relevance for carbonate archive research in general.
Hematopoietic mutations in epigenetic regulators like DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), play a pivotal role in driving clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), and are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients suffering from heart failure (HF). However, the precise interactions between CHIP-mutated cells and other cardiac cell types remain unknown. Here, we identify fibroblasts as potential partners in interactions with CHIP-mutated monocytes. We used combined transcriptomic data derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HF patients, both with and without CHIP, and cardiac tissue. We demonstrate that inactivation of DNMT3A in macrophages intensifies interactions with cardiac fibroblasts and increases cardiac fibrosis. DNMT3A inactivation amplifies the release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, thereby facilitating activation of cardiac fibroblasts. These findings identify a potential pathway of DNMT3A CHIP-driver mutations to the initiation and progression of HF and may also provide a compelling basis for the development of innovative anti-fibrotic strategies.
Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit werden drei Schwerpunkte behandelt: 1) Die hocheffektive Beschleunigung von Elektronen und Protonen durch die Wechselwirkung von relativistischen Laserpulsen mit Schäumen. 2) Die Erzeugung und Messung hochintensiver Betatronstrahlung von direkt laserbeschleunigten (DLA-) Elektronen. 3) Die Anwendung von DLA-Elektronen für den biologischen FLASH-Effekt mit einer rekordbrechenden Dosisrate.
Die direkte Laserbeschleunigung von Elektronen wurde durch die Wechselwirkung eines sub-ps-Laserpulses mit einer Intensität von ~ 10^19 W/cm^2 mit einem Plasma nahe kritischer Elektronendichte (NCD) untersucht. Ein sub-mm langes NCD-Plasma wurde durch Erhitzen eines Schaums mit einer niedrigen Dichte mit einem ns-Puls von 10^13-10^14 W/cm^2 erzeugt. Die Experimente wurden an der PHELIX-Anlage (Petawatt Hoch- Energie Laser für Schwerionenexperimente) in den Jahren 2019 – 2023 durchgeführt. Während der Suche nach optimalen Bedingungen für die Beschleunigung von Elektronen und Protonen wurden die Parameter des ns-Pulses variiert und verschiedene Targets verwendet. Es wurde gezeigt, dass das Plasma im Schaum gute Voraussetzungen für die Erzeugung gerichteter, ultrarelativistischer DLA-Elektronen mit Energien von bis zu 100 MeV bietet. Die Elektronen weisen eine Boltzmann-ähnliche Energieverteilung mit einer Temperatur von 10-20 MeV auf.
Optimale Bedingungen für eine effektive Beschleunigung von DLA-Elektronen wurden bei der Kombination eines CHO-Schaums mit einer Dichte von 2 mg/cm3 und einer Dicke von 300-500 µm mit einer Metallfolie erreicht. Die Gesamtladung der detektierten Elektronen mit Energien über 1,5 MeV erreichte 0,5-1 µC mit der Umwandlungseffizienz der Laserenergie von ~ 20-30%.
Außerdem wird die Beschleunigung von Protonen durch DLA-Elektronen anders verursacht als bei typischer Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA). Für die Untersuchung der lokalen Protonenenergieverteilung wurden Magnetspektrometer unter verschiedenen Winkeln zur Laserachse verwendet. Dafür wurde eine Filtermethode entwickelt, welche es ermöglicht, Spektren von Protonen mit Energien von bis zu 100 MeV zu rekonstruieren. Es wurde gezeigt, dass am PHELIX durch die Kombination von einem ~ 300-400 µm dicken CHO-Schaum mit einer Dichte von 2 mg/cm^3 und einer 10 µm dicken Au-Folie bei einer Intensität des sub-ps-Pulses von ~ 10^19 W/cm^2 und unter Verwendung eines optimierten ns-Vorpulses eine optimale Protonenbeschleunigung erreicht wurde. Es wurde ein TNSA-ähnliches Regime mit einer maximalen Cut-off-Energie von 34±0,5 MeV beobachtet. Im Vergleich dazu wurde bei der typischen TNSA unter Verwendung einer 10 µm dicken Au-Folie als Target und derselben Laserintensität eine maximale Cut-off-Energie von 24±0,5 MeV gemessen. Darüber hinaus beobachteten wir einen sehr schwachen Abfall der Protonenanzahl in Abhängigkeit von der Protonenenergie (anders als bei der typischen TNSA) und eine sehr regelmäßige Protonenstrahlverteilung in einem breiten Winkelbereich bis zu hohen Energien. Dies könnte zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Protonenradiographie von Plasmafeldern genutzt werden.
Beim DLA-Prozess (im NCD-Plasma) entsteht Betatronstrahlung durch die Oszillationen von Elektronen in quasi-statischen elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern des Plasmakanals. Um diese Strahlung zu untersuchen, wurde ein neues modifiziertes Magnetspektrometer (X-MS) konstruiert. Das X-MS ermöglicht die 1D-Auflösung mehrerer Quellen. Dank dieser Spezifikation war es möglich, Betatronstrahlung von Bremsstrahlung der ponderomotorischen Elektronen im Metallhalter zu trennen und zu messen.
Im Experiment mit einem CHO-Schaum mit einer Dichte von 2 mg/cm^3 und einer Dicke von ~ 800 µm als Target wurde die von den optimierten DLA-Elektronen erzeugte Betatronstrahlung gemessen. Bei einer Peak-Intensität des dreieckigen ns-Pulses von ~ 3·10^13 W/cm^2 und des sub-ps-Pulses von ~ 10^19 W/cm^2, welcher 4±0,5 ns gegenüber dem ns-Puls verzögert war, betrug der Halbwinkel im FWHM-Bereich des Elektronenstrahls 17±2°. Unter diesen Bedingungen war die Betatronstrahlung mit einem Halbwinkel im FWHM-Bereich von 11±2° für die Photonen mit Energien über 10 keV ebenfalls gerichtet. Die Photonenanzahl mit Energien über 10 keV wurde auf etwa 3·10^10 / 3·10^11 (gerichtete Photonen / Photonen im Halbraum entlang der Laserstrahlrichtung) abgeschätzt. Die maximale Photonenanzahl pro Raumwinkel betrug ~2·10^11 photons/sr. Die Brillanz der registrierten Betatronstrahlung erreichte ~ 2·10^20 photons/s/mm^2/mrad^2/(0.1% BW) bei 10 keV.
Die Verwendung eines Hochstromstrahls aus DLA-Elektronen für die FLASH-Strahlentherapie ermöglicht das Erreichen einer Dosis von bis zu 50-70 Gy während eines sub-ps-Laserpulses. Im Jahr 2021, während der P213-Strahlzeit am PHELIX wurde der Sauerstoffkonzentrationsabfall bei der Bestrahlung von Medien (Wasser und andere biologische Medien) mit DLA-Elektronen in Abhängigkeit von der Dosis untersucht. Die Strahlendosis wurde hierbei indirekt gemessen. Hierfür wurde eine Rekonstruktionsmethode entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, die Dosis innerhalb des „Wasser-Containers“ auf Basis von Messungen außerhalb des Containers mit einem untersuchten Medium zu ermitteln. Es wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen dem Experiment und einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation für Wasser gezeigt. Die registrierte Dosisrate erreichte einen Rekordwert von ~ 70 TGy/s.
The article investigates the results obtained from numerical simulations and experimental tests concerning the propagation of guided waves in corroded steel plates. Developing innovative methodologies for assessing corrosion-induced degradation is crucial for accurately diagnosing offshore and ship structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The main aim of the research is to analyze how surface irregularities affect wave propagation characteristics. An investigation was conducted for antisymmetric fundamental mode A0. Specifically, the study examines the asymmetrical wavefronts generated by nonuniform thickness in damaged specimens. Initially, numerical analysis explores the impact of thickness variation on wave field symmetry. Corroded plates with varying levels of degradation are modeled using the random fields approach, with degradation levels ranging from 0 % to 60 %. Subsequently, the research investigates how the standard deviation of thickness distribution (from 5 % to 20 % of the initial thickness) and excitation frequency (from 50 to 150 kHz) influence recorded signals and the shape of reconstructed wavefronts. Each scenario compares wavefront symmetry levels estimated using rotational and bilateral symmetry degrees as indicative parameters. The numerical simulations are complemented by experimental tests conducted on plates with three different degradation levels. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed wave field analysis approach for assessing structural integrity, as evidenced by the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental observations.
Dielectrons are unique observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Thanks to their penetrating nature, they carry information from all stages of the collision and can provide knowledge about pre-equilibirium dynamics, QGP temperature and transport coefficients, and chiral symmetry restoration. On the other hand, experimental challenges are enormous because production cross sections are small and the signal of interest is eclipsed by a huge combinatorial and physics background from light- and heavy-flavour hadron decays. In this talk the status of dielectron measurements with ALICE is shown and the perspectives with the recently installed and planned ALICE detector upgrades are discussed.
Tight control over transcription factor activity is necessary for a sensible balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation in the embryo and during tissue homeostasis by adult stem cells, but mechanistic details have remained incomplete. The homeodomain transcription factor MEIS2 is an important regulator of neurogenesis in the ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) adult stem cell niche in mice. We here identify MEIS2 as direct target of the intracellular protease calpain-2 (composed of the catalytic subunit CAPN2 and the regulatory subunit CAPNS1). Phosphorylation at conserved serine and/or threonine residues, or dimerization with PBX1, reduced the sensitivity of MEIS2 towards cleavage by calpain-2. In the adult V-SVZ, calpain-2 activity is high in stem and progenitor cells, but rapidly declines during neuronal differentiation, which is accompanied by increased stability of MEIS2 full-length protein. In accordance with this, blocking calpain-2 activity in stem and progenitor cells, or overexpression of a cleavage-insensitive form of MEIS2, increased the production of neurons, whereas overexpression of a catalytically active CAPN2 reduced it. Collectively, our results support a key role for calpain-2 in controlling the output of adult V-SVZ neural stem and progenitor cells through cleavage of the neuronal fate determinant MEIS2.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the stem cell niche (SCN) within the root apical meristem (RAM) is maintained by an intricate regulatory network that ensures optimal growth and high developmental plasticity. Yet, many aspects of this regulatory network of stem cell quiescence and replenishment are still not fully understood. Here, we investigate the interplay of the key transcription factors (TFs) BRASSINOSTEROID AT VASCULAR AND ORGANIZING CENTRE (BRAVO), PLETHORA 3 (PLT3) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) involved in SCN maintenance. Phenotypical analysis of mutants involving these TFs uncover their combinatorial regulation of cell fates and divisions in the SCN. Moreover, interaction studies employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET-FLIM) in combination with novel analysis methods, allowed us to quantify protein-protein interaction (PPI) affinities as well as higher-order complex formation of these TFs. We integrated our experimental results into a computational model, suggesting that cell type specific profiles of protein complexes and characteristic complex formation, that is also dependent on prion-like domains in PLT3, contribute to the intricate regulation of the SCN. We propose that these unique protein complex ‘signatures’ could serve as a read-out for cell specificity thereby adding another layer to the sophisticated regulatory network that balances stem cell maintenance and replenishment in the Arabidopsis root.
Based on e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis isperformed for the process e+e− → K0SK0Lπ0. The results allow the Born cross sections of the process e+e− → K0SK0Lπ0, as well as its subprocesses e+e− → K∗(892)0K¯ 0 and K∗2(1430)0K¯ 0 to be measured. The Born cross sections for e+e− → K0SK0 Lπ 0 are consistent with previous measurements by BaBar, but with substantially improved precision. The Born cross section lineshape of the process e+e − → K∗(892)0K¯ 0 is consistent with a vector meson state around 2.2 GeV with a signifcance of 3.2σ. A Breit-Wigner ft determines its mass as MY = (2164.7 ± 9.1 ± 3.1) MeV/c2 and its width as ΓY = (32.4 ± 21.0 ± 1.8) MeV.
Using 9.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.278 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we perform the first search for the radiative transition χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823). No χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823) signal is observed. The upper limit on the ratio of branching fractions B(χc1(3872)→γψ2(3823),ψ2(3823)→γχc1)/B(χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ) is set as 0.075 at the 90\% confidence level. Our result contradicts theoretical predictions under the assumption that the χc1(3872) is the pure charmonium state χc1(2P).
Improved measurement of the branching fraction of h_(c) → γη^(′)/η and search for h_(c) → γπ⁰
(2024)
The processes hc→γP(P=η′, η, π0)) are studied with a sample of (27.12±0.14)×108 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The branching fractions of hc→γη′ and hc→γη are measured to be (1.40±0.11±0.04±0.10)×10−3 and (3.77±0.55±0.13±0.26)×10−4, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the branching fraction of ψ(3686)→π0hc. The ratio Rhc=B(hc→γη)B(hc→γη′) is calculated to be (27.0±4.4±1.0)%. The measurements are consistent with the previous results with improved precision by a factor of 2. The results are valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of η−η′ mixing, and its manifestation within quantum chromodynamics. No significant signal is found for the decay hc→γπ0, and an upper limit is placed on its branching fraction of B(hc→γπ0)<5.0×10−5, at the 90\% confidence level.
Observation of η_(c)(1S, 2S) and χ_(cJ) decays to 2(π⁺π^(−))η via ψ(3686) radiative transitions
(2024)
Based on 2.7×109 ψ(3686) decays collected with the BESIII detector, the radiative decay ψ(3686)→γ2(π+π−)η is investigated to measure properties of S- and P-wave charmonium states. The branching fraction of the decay ηc(1S)→2(π+π−)η, which is found to have a strong dependence on the interference pattern between ηc(1S) and non-ηc(1S) processes, is measured in both destructive and constructive interference scenarios for the first time. The mass and width of the ηc(1S) are measured to be M=(2984.14±0.13±0.38) MeV/c2 and Γ=(28.82±0.11±0.82) MeV, respectively. Clear signals for the decays of the χcJ(J=0,1,2) and the ηc(2S) to 2(π+π−)η are also observed for the first time, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of the branching fractions between the ηc(2S) and ηc(1S) decays is significantly lower than the theoretical prediction, which might suggest different dynamics in their decays.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we investigate the semileptonic decays D+→π+π−ℓ+νℓ (ℓ=e and μ). The D+→f0(500)μ+νμ decay is observed for the first time. By analyzing simultaneously the differential decay rates of D+→f0(500)μ+νμ and D+→f0(500)e+νe in different ℓ+νℓ four-momentum transfer intervals, the product of the relevant hadronic form factor ff0+(0) and the magnitude of the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcd| is determined to be ff0+(0)|Vcd|=0.0787±0.0060stat±0.0033syst for the first time. With the input of |Vcd| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ff0+(0)=0.350±0.027stat±0.015syst. The absolute branching fractions of D+→f0(500)(π+π−)μ+νμ and D+→ρ0(π+π−)μ+νμ are determined as (0.72±0.13stat±0.10syst)×10−3 and (1.64±0.13stat±0.11syst)×10−3. Combining these results with those of previous BESIII measurements on their semielectronic counterparts from the same data sample, we test lepton flavor universality by measuring the branching fraction ratios BD+→ρ0μ+νμ/BD+→ρ0e+νe = 0.88±0.10 and BD+→f0(500)μ+νμ/BD+→f0(500)e+νe = 1.14±0.28, which are compatible with the standard model expectation.
We search for the di-photon decay of a light pseudoscalar axion-like particle, a, in radiative decays of the J/ψ, using 10 billion J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector. We find no evidence of a narrow resonance and set upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the product branching fraction B(J/ψ→γa)×B(a→γγ) and the axion-like particle photon coupling constant gaγγ in the ranges of (3.6−49.8)×10−8 and (2.2−103.8)×10−4 GeV−1, respectively, for 0.18≤ma≤2.85 GeV/c2. These are the most stringent limits to date in this mass region.
Based on 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− collision data accumulated at center-of-mass energies between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV with the BESIII detector, the decay Λ+c→nK0Sπ+π0 is observed for the first time with a significance of 9.2σ. The branching fraction is measured to be (0.85±0.13±0.03)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, which differs from the theoretical prediction based on isospin by 4.4σ. This indicates that there may be resonant contributions or some unknown dynamics in this decay.
The Born cross sections for the process e+e−→ωη′ are measured at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV using data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. A resonant structure is observed with a statistical significance of 9.6σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass to be MR=(2153±30±31) MeV/c2 and its width to be ΓR=(167±77±7) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Λ+c→pπ0 is reported for the first time with a statistical significance of 3.7σ based on 6.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pπ0 is measured to be (1.56+0.72−0.58±0.20)×10−4. Combining with the branching fraction of Λ+c→nπ+, (6.6±1.3)×10−4, the ratio of the branching fractions of Λ+c→nπ+ and Λ+c→pπ0 is calculated to be 3.2+2.2−1.2. As an important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching fraction of Λ+c→pη is measured to be (1.63±0.31stat±0.11syst)×10−3.
We use a structural VAR model to study the German natural gas market and investigate the impact of the 2022 Russian supply stop on the German economy. Combining conventional and narrative sign restrictions, we find that gas supply and demand shocks have large and persistent price effects, while output effects tend to be moderate. The 2022 natural gas price spike was driven by adverse supply
shocks and positive storage demand shocks, as Germany filled its inventories before the winter. Counterfactual simulations of an embargo on natural gas imports from Russia indicate similar positive price and negative output effects compared to what we observe in the data.