Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1131) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1131)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1131) (remove)
Keywords
- aging (17)
- Podospora anserina (16)
- mitochondria (10)
- Haloferax volcanii (8)
- autophagy (8)
- Archaea (7)
- Phylogeny (7)
- SARS-CoV-2 (7)
- heat stress (7)
- phylogeny (7)
- Cyanobacteria (6)
- Synechococcus (6)
- climate change (6)
- structural biology (6)
- 14CO2 Fixation (5)
- Cell biology (5)
- Membrane Proteins (5)
- Metabolic engineering (5)
- Mitochondria (5)
- RNA (5)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5)
- archaea (5)
- copyright (5)
- gene expression (5)
- microglia (5)
- Acetogenesis (4)
- Adhesion (4)
- Arabidopsis (4)
- Benin (4)
- Biosynthesis (4)
- Ecology (4)
- Evolution (4)
- NMR (4)
- Photorhabdus (4)
- Solanum lycopersicum (4)
- Thermophile (4)
- bacteria (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- connection to nature (4)
- fungi (4)
- hippocampus (4)
- homeostasis (4)
- journals (4)
- metabolomics (4)
- paywalls (4)
- piracy (4)
- proteomics (4)
- publishing (4)
- thermotolerance (4)
- Acetogen (3)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (3)
- Aging (3)
- Biochemistry (3)
- Biodiversity (3)
- Bioenergetics (3)
- Biogeography (3)
- Biohydrogen (3)
- Biomarkers (3)
- Birds (3)
- Bénin (3)
- COVID19-NMR (3)
- Carotenoids (3)
- Cell differentiation (3)
- Cellular microbiology (3)
- Cortex (3)
- Developmental biology (3)
- Downy mildew (3)
- Embryos (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Gene expression (3)
- Hydrogenase (3)
- Invasive species (3)
- LibGen (3)
- Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition (3)
- Magnetic compass (3)
- Marine Diatoms (3)
- Membrane Transport (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Microplastic (3)
- NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Neuroscience (3)
- Oomycetes (3)
- Oxidoreductases (3)
- Parkinson’s disease (3)
- Photooxidation (3)
- Pigmentation (3)
- Protein Structure (3)
- RNA sequencing (3)
- Research article (3)
- Saccharomyces (3)
- Sci-Hub (3)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Species distribution modelling (3)
- Taxonomy (3)
- Thermoanaerobacter kivui (3)
- Thermus thermophilus (3)
- Transcriptome (3)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (3)
- West Africa (3)
- Westafrika (3)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (3)
- Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (3)
- Yeast (3)
- abundance (3)
- alternative splicing (3)
- amplicon sequencing (3)
- auditory cortex (3)
- bats (3)
- bioacoustics (3)
- biosynthesis (3)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (3)
- community ecology (3)
- compatible solutes (3)
- data-science (3)
- desiccation (3)
- iCLIP (3)
- literature (3)
- metabolism (3)
- microsatellites (3)
- natural products (3)
- photosynthesis (3)
- polyploidy (3)
- population genetics (3)
- rat (3)
- roots (3)
- species distribution model (3)
- species richness (3)
- structure–activity relationships (3)
- synaptic plasticity (3)
- systems biology (3)
- taxonomy (3)
- temperature (3)
- transcription (3)
- tumor microenvironment (3)
- 5′-UTR (2)
- A. thaliana (2)
- ABC transporter (2)
- AChE (2)
- AJAP1 (2)
- AMPA receptors (2)
- ATP (2)
- Abundanz (2)
- Acetobacterium woodii (2)
- Acinetobacter (2)
- Agroecology (2)
- Aloe (2)
- Amino Acid Pools (2)
- Anacystis (2)
- Animal flight (2)
- Antarctica (2)
- Antibiotic Resistance (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Ascomycota (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial physiology (2)
- Bacterial structural biology (2)
- Bioaccumulation (2)
- Biocatalysis (2)
- Bioethanol (2)
- Biofuel (2)
- Bird flight (2)
- Bleaching Herbicides (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Canis lupus (2)
- Carnivores (2)
- Cell Biology (2)
- Cell signalling (2)
- Chemical communication (2)
- Chemistry (2)
- Chironomus riparius (2)
- Chloroplast (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Coenzyme A (2)
- Comparative genomics (2)
- Covid19-NMR (2)
- Crustacea (2)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (2)
- Cryptochrome 1a (2)
- DNA Transformation (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- DNA transporter (2)
- DNA uptake (2)
- Desiccation resistance (2)
- Dicarboxylic acids (2)
- Dioscorea (2)
- Domestic animals (2)
- Drought (2)
- ER (2)
- EROD (2)
- Ecological modelling (2)
- Ecological speciation (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Electron Bifurcation (2)
- Electron Transfer (2)
- Electron Transport (2)
- Embryo toxicity (2)
- Energy Conservation (2)
- Energy Metabolism (2)
- Energy conservation (2)
- Entomology (2)
- Enzyme Mechanisms (2)
- Europe (2)
- European beech (2)
- Evolutionary biology (2)
- F1Fo-ATP-synthase (2)
- Formate dehydrogenase (2)
- GRIP1 (2)
- Golgi (2)
- Hippocampus (2)
- Homology (2)
- Host-parasite interaction (2)
- Hydrogen production (2)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (2)
- INS (2)
- Invertebrates (2)
- Iron-Sulfur Protein (2)
- LTP (2)
- Land cover (2)
- Light-sheet microscopy (2)
- MICOS (2)
- Marsupials (2)
- Maxent (2)
- Membrane Biogenesis (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Metalloenzymes (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Modification (2)
- Molecular biology (2)
- Namibia (2)
- Natural products (2)
- Neobiota (2)
- Neural circuits (2)
- Neurons (2)
- Non-coding RNA (2)
- Non-invasive sampling (2)
- Oaks (2)
- Olpidiopsis (2)
- Operons (2)
- Ovary (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Pantothenate (2)
- Parmeliaceae (2)
- Peronosporaceae (2)
- Petri net (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Phycocyanin-Free Lamellae (2)
- Phycomyces blakesleeanus (2)
- Plants (2)
- Plastics (2)
- Positive selection (2)
- Protein Translocation (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Quality of life (2)
- RNA helicase (2)
- RNA structure (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- SINE (2)
- SRSF3 (2)
- SRSF7 (2)
- Savanne (2)
- Secondary metabolism (2)
- Secondary metabolites (2)
- Secretin (2)
- Sensory processing (2)
- Sequence motif analysis (2)
- Solution NMR-spectroscopy (2)
- Solution-state NMR (2)
- Southern Ocean (2)
- Synapses (2)
- Synaptic transmission (2)
- Synchron Cultures (2)
- Testosterone (2)
- Thermophiles (2)
- Thermus (2)
- TolC (2)
- Tools and resources (2)
- Transcription factors (2)
- Triatominae (2)
- UV-B Stress (2)
- Ursidae (2)
- Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (2)
- Xenorhabdus (2)
- Zea mays (2)
- Zebrafish (2)
- acetogens (2)
- acetyl-CoA (2)
- adult neurogenesis (2)
- amyloid precursor protein (2)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2)
- animal welfare (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- aroma (2)
- base pairing (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- biofilm (2)
- bioinformatics (2)
- biophysics (2)
- biospeleology (2)
- brain cancer (2)
- brain metastases (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- caspase-8 (2)
- climate (2)
- coalescence (2)
- community composition (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- connectedness to nature (2)
- conservation (2)
- conservation genetics (2)
- cox2 (2)
- cristae (2)
- cryptochrome (2)
- decomposition (2)
- deletion mutant (2)
- dentate gyrus (2)
- development (2)
- distribution (2)
- electron cryo-tomography (2)
- environmental education (2)
- epigenetic (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- evolution (2)
- extremophile (2)
- fermentation (2)
- forest management (2)
- frontal cortex (2)
- functional traits (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- gene conversion (2)
- genetic engineering (2)
- genomics (2)
- global change (2)
- high temperature (2)
- hydrogen storage (2)
- inclination compass (2)
- integrins (2)
- leukodystrophy (2)
- lifespan (2)
- ligand binding (2)
- local-field potentials (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- mRNA (2)
- macroecology (2)
- magnetic compass (2)
- mannitol (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- metals (2)
- miRNA (2)
- microbes (2)
- microbiome (2)
- microplastics (2)
- migration (2)
- missing data (2)
- mitophagy (2)
- morphology (2)
- network analysis (2)
- neuroscience (2)
- next-generation sequencing (2)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (2)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (2)
- open access (2)
- open-access (2)
- orthology (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- parasitism (2)
- peroxisomes (2)
- phylogenomics (2)
- pollen (2)
- population genomics (2)
- pre-mRNA (2)
- presynaptic active zone (2)
- proliferation (2)
- prostate carcinoma cells (2)
- protein degradation (2)
- protein synthesis (2)
- protein targeting (2)
- quorum sensing (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- regulation (2)
- reproductive isolation (2)
- resistance (2)
- ribosome (2)
- ribosome biogenesis (2)
- rna (2)
- savane (2)
- sci-hub (2)
- senescence (2)
- signal transduction (2)
- small protein (2)
- snoRNA (2)
- speciation (2)
- stress (2)
- stress response (2)
- subtomogram averaging (2)
- synaptic scaling (2)
- tomato (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- transdisciplinarity (2)
- tumor-associated macrophages (2)
- vocalization (2)
- volatile organic compounds (2)
- zoo education (2)
- µ-protein (2)
- 1 new taxon (1)
- 1,4-naphthoquinone (1)
- 1-octanol (1)
- 10 new taxa (1)
- 10-Hydroxyaloins A/B (1)
- 14C- and 15N-Assimilation (1)
- 15N-Labelled Amino Acids (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 16p11.2 (1)
- 18S rRNA gene (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- 2cpsdummy′-O-ribose-methylation (1)
- 3' UTR (1)
- 3,4-DCA; biotransformation (1)
- 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- 3-MA (1)
- 3C protease(3Cpro) (1)
- 3Cs technology (1)
- 3D orientation pattern of ciliary bundles (1)
- 3D printed stamp (1)
- 3′UTR length (1)
- 4,4’-dihydroxy-nostoxanthin (1)
- 4,4’-diketo-nostoxanthin (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5-Hydroxyaloin A (1)
- 5-lipoxygenase (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 6-Methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase (1)
- 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthase (1)
- ABE fermentation (1)
- ABR (1)
- ADCD (1)
- ADP (1)
- AMPK (1)
- APA (1)
- ATG24 (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATP synthesis (1)
- ATPase (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Absorption Spectra (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Accessory olfactory system (1)
- Acetobacterium (1)
- Acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Acetogenic metabolism (1)
- Acetyl-CoA (1)
- Acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (1)
- Acid transporters (1)
- Acoustic signals (1)
- Actin (1)
- Activated Cry1a (1)
- Active Particles (1)
- Acute leukemia (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaptive sequence evolution (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adherence junctions (1)
- Adult neurogenesis (1)
- Aedes (1)
- Afrique de l'Ouest (1)
- Afrique de l’Ouest (1)
- Agaricomycotina (1)
- Agent-based modeling (1)
- Aging Phenomenon (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Air Pollutants (1)
- Akazie (1)
- Alburnoides bipunctatus (1)
- Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Alcyonacea (1)
- Aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Allohormone pheromones (1)
- Allopatric diversification (1)
- Alphaproteobacteria (1)
- Altern (1)
- Alternate hydrophobicity (1)
- Alternative splicing (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Amino acid pattern (1)
- Aminotransferase Activity (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amplexus (1)
- Anabaena flos-aquae (1)
- Anaerobes (1)
- Anaerobic bacteria (1)
- Androgen (1)
- Androst-4-en-3,17-dione (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Animal navigation (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Animal physiology (1)
- Anion Transport System (1)
- Anopheles (1)
- Anthranoids (1)
- Anthraquinones (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Anti-viral activity (1)
- Antibiotics and Metabolite Export (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Antisense RNA (1)
- Anura (1)
- Anzahl (1)
- Apical Vesicular Transport (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- ApoER2 (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aposematism (1)
- Applied microbiology (1)
- Apus apus (1)
- Aquilegia (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana metabolism (1)
- Arabinogalactan-proteins (1)
- Arabinose (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic adaptation (1)
- Arctic fox (1)
- Artenschutz (1)
- Artenvielfalt (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian bush mosquito (1)
- Asian tiger mosquito (1)
- Aspergillus nidulans (1)
- Assignment (1)
- Assimilation of 15N-Nitrate (1)
- Assortative mating (1)
- Astaxanthin Synthase (1)
- Asymmetrie Reconstitution (1)
- Atelopus carbonerensis (1)
- Atelopus mucubajiensis (1)
- Atelopus tamaense (1)
- Auditory midbrain (1)
- Australian marsupials (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autism Spectrum disorder (1)
- Autoinducer-2 (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automobile Exhaust (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Avian Clock gene (1)
- Axonal tracing (1)
- Axons (1)
- B cells (1)
- B chromosome (1)
- B. subtilis (1)
- BET inhibitor (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- Bacillariaphyceae (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Background expression (1)
- Backscattering (1)
- Bacterial Metabolism (1)
- Bacterial genes (1)
- Bacterial genetics (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Band 3 Protein (1)
- Basidiomycota (1)
- Bats (1)
- Bears (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behaviour (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Benthic environment (1)
- Beobachtungsdaten (1)
- Beskid Niski Mts (1)
- Beta-sheet (1)
- Bile (1)
- Binoculars (1)
- Bioacoustics (1)
- Biodiversity Data (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Bioenergetics/Electron Transfer Complex (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Biological anthropology (1)
- Biologische Ozeanographie (1)
- Biomass monitoring (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biophysics and structural biology (1)
- Bioprocess automation (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Biota (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotic stress (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Bird physiology (1)
- Birds of prey (1)
- Black mildews (1)
- Blastocysts (1)
- Blinatumomab (1)
- Bodenbedingungen (1)
- Body burden (1)
- Bogert’s rule (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Bolivia (1)
- Botanical Collections (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Brachiopoda (1)
- Brachiozoa (1)
- Brain-stimulus synchrony (1)
- Breeding glands (1)
- Brieftaube (1)
- Brieftaube ; Orientierungsverhalten ; Flugdatenregistriergerät ; GPS <Satellitengeodäsie> (1)
- Brudenell River (1)
- Brush Border Formation (1)
- Bruterfolg (1)
- Bryozoa (1)
- Bufonidae (1)
- Bumble bees (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- Butanol (1)
- Butyrate (1)
- Bürgerwissenschaft (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C. grani (1)
- C. radiatus (1)
- C. wailesii (1)
- CAI-1 (1)
- CAM (1)
- CANCAP project (1)
- CAPON (1)
- CAZy (1)
- CD19 (1)
- CD95/Fas receptor (1)
- CFIm (1)
- CLP protease (1)
- CLPXP protease (1)
- CNS cancer (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2 reduction (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 gene conversion (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CSO (1)
- CXCL12 (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CYP110 (1)
- CaMPARI (1)
- Caffeate Respiration (1)
- Calathea (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Canada (1)
- Cancer detection and diagnosis (1)
- Cancer microenvironment (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Caprylic acid (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon capture (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Carboxylic acid reductase (1)
- Cardiac remodeling (1)
- Carnivora (1)
- Carotene Isomerase (1)
- Carotenoid Desaturation (1)
- Carychium (1)
- Castor bean tick (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Cation Proton Antiporter (1)
- Caudate nucleus (1)
- Cell Wall (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell binding (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell migration (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Cellular neuroscience (1)
- Cellulase gene expression (1)
- Centric diatom (1)
- Cephalic sensory organs (1)
- Cercospora (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Cerebral nerves (1)
- Cetraria aculeata (1)
- Chad (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chaperone Chaperonin (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Chemical dispersant (1)
- Chemical dispersants (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chicken (1)
- Chickens (1)
- Chironomus piger (1)
- Chlorophyll (1)
- Chlorophyll Formation (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chlorosis (1)
- Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromones (1)
- Chromosomal translocations (1)
- Chromosomes and gene expression (1)
- Chrysops (1)
- Cicer arietinum (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic conditions (1)
- Closely related fungal species (1)
- ClpB (1)
- Cochlea (1)
- Codon-optimization (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Cognitive science (1)
- Collective human behavior (1)
- Collembola (1)
- Colombian Andes (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colony development (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communication center (1)
- Community barcoding (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Complexe WAP (1)
- Complexin 1 (1)
- Compositional bias (1)
- Computational biology (1)
- Computational biophysics (1)
- Connectomics (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Conservation biology (1)
- Consumer demand (1)
- Core effectors (1)
- Core marking (1)
- Corynebacterium glutamicum (1)
- Coscinodiscus concinnus (1)
- Costs (1)
- Cre-lox system (1)
- Crispr/Cas (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- Cryoelectron tomography (1)
- Cryptic diversity (1)
- Crystal Structure (1)
- Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Culture (1)
- Cumate (1)
- Cyanobacterium (1)
- Cybertaxonomy (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic staining (1)
- Cytoskeleton (1)
- D-Galacturonicacid (1)
- D-xylose fermentation (1)
- D-xylose isomerase (1)
- D. magna (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors Shade Adaptation (1)
- DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA-Specific Labelling (1)
- DUBs (1)
- DYRK1A (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Dehydration (medicine) (1)
- Dendritic structure (1)
- Dental Tissues (1)
- Depth (1)
- Dermis (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental biology and stem cells (1)
- DiSSCo (1)
- Diatomophthora (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Diauxic effects (1)
- Dicellomyces (1)
- Dickeya (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSF) (1)
- Digital Specimen (1)
- Digitalfotos (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Dimer Yield Ratio (1)
- Dimerization domain (1)
- Dioecy (1)
- Diosgenin Production (1)
- Diplura (1)
- Direct seeding (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Disease Modeling (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dispersal capacity (1)
- Dispersant toxicity (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distributed System of Scientific Collections (1)
- Divergence time estimate (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Docking domain (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Drought reaction (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug discovery and development (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- Dual targeting (1)
- Duganella (1)
- Dynamical systems (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- E. coli (1)
- ERAD (1)
- ERAL1 (1)
- ESTs (1)
- Earth sciences (1)
- EcNhaA (1)
- Ech (1)
- Echolocation (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Ecological requirements (1)
- Ecosystem Services (1)
- Ecotoxicogenomics (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Ectoparasites (1)
- Ectoprocta (1)
- Ectrogella (1)
- Effect of Oxygen and CO2 Concentrations (1)
- Effect of Preillumination and Temperature (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Ehrlich pathway (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron transport chain (1)
- Electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Elimination of Rho Factor (1)
- Ellipura (1)
- Embryogenesis (1)
- Embryotoxicity (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Emx2 (1)
- Endemis-mus (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endocrine disruptors (1)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds (1)
- Endometriosis (1)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- Endothelial (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- Endothelium (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Enterovirus 71 (1)
- Entognatha (1)
- Entolomataceae (1)
- Entorrhizales (1)
- Envelope (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental fate (1)
- Environmental partitioning (1)
- Environmental quality (1)
- Environmental studies (1)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis (1)
- Enzyme Induction (1)
- Enzyme Kinetics (1)
- Enzyme engineering (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- EphB4 (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Epiphyte (1)
- Equilibrium partitioning theory (1)
- Erythrocyte Membrane (1)
- Erythropoiesis (1)
- Ethanol fermentation (1)
- Ethics Committees/Consultation (1)
- Ethiopia (1)
- Ethylmalonyl-CoA (1)
- Eubacterium (1)
- European Beech (1)
- European Union (1)
- Eutheria (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary engineering (1)
- Evolutionary genetics (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Exitrons (1)
- Expression analysis (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extracellular vesicles (1)
- Extracted sugar beet press pulp (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- FAD (1)
- FAD synthase (1)
- FAD1 (1)
- FANoS (1)
- FET (1)
- FIP1 (1)
- FXIII deficiency (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Factor XIII (1)
- Fagaceae (1)
- Far UV (1)
- Fatty acid metabolism (1)
- Fatty acid synthase (1)
- Fatty alcohol (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fcp4 (1)
- FcpA (1)
- Feather mites (1)
- Feathers (1)
- Feature article (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feinstruktur (1)
- Felidae (1)
- Fermentation (1)
- Fibroblast growth factor (1)
- Field study (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Flavin cycle (1)
- Flavone synthase (1)
- Flora of Panama (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Flugdatenregistriergerät (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Folic Acid Antagonists (1)
- Foraminiferal (1)
- Fourier-Motzkin algorithm (1)
- Frankfurt am Main (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Freshwater ecology (1)
- Freshwater invertebrate (1)
- Functional genomics (1)
- Fungal evolution (1)
- Fungal genetics (1)
- Fungal pan-genomes (1)
- Fungal spores (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium graminearum (1)
- Fusarium spp. (1)
- G protein coupled receptor (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G-protein coupled receptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G-quadruplex (1)
- G3BP1 (1)
- GABA (1)
- GLUT2 (1)
- GLUT3 (1)
- GM maize (1)
- GPS <Satellitengeodäsie> (1)
- GRADE (1)
- GRAND-SLAM (1)
- GTP (1)
- GTPase (1)
- Gallbladder (1)
- Galleria mellonella (1)
- Gallic Acid (1)
- Ganoderic acids (1)
- Ganoderma lingzhi (1)
- Ganoderma lucidum (1)
- Ganodermataceae (1)
- Gas Vacuoles (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- Gastropoda (1)
- Gene (1)
- Gene expression profiling (1)
- Gene prediction (1)
- Gene regulation (1)
- Gene sll0033 (1)
- Generalist (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genetically engineered carotenoid biosynthesis (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome informatics (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyping (1)
- Genotyping and haplotyping (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Giraffa (1)
- Gliom (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Glomerulus (1)
- Glucose-6-phosphate- and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1)
- Glycolate Oxidase (1)
- Glycophorin A dimerization (1)
- Gonads (1)
- Graminicolous downy mildews (1)
- Great philippine eagle (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Gut microbiome (1)
- H+ transport (1)
- HARS2 (1)
- HCMV (1)
- HDAC (1)
- HDAC inhibitor (1)
- HER (1)
- HPLC separation (1)
- HSBP (1)
- HSF (1)
- HUVEC (1)
- Habitat transfer (1)
- Haematococcus pluvialis (1)
- Haematopota (1)
- Halobacillus halophilus (1)
- Haloferax (1)
- Happiness (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Head blast (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hearing enhancement (1)
- Heat-Bleaching (of Plastids) (1)
- Hefe (1)
- Heilpflanzen (1)
- Hematophagous arthropods (1)
- Herbaria (1)
- Herbicide Resistance (1)
- Herbicide Resistant Mutants (1)
- Herbicide-Tolerant Mutants (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Hessen (1)
- Heterologous enzyme production (1)
- Hfq (1)
- Hi-C (1)
- High Performance Liquid (1)
- High content imaging (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- His-tag (1)
- Histology (1)
- History (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Holznutzung (1)
- Homing behavior (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Honey bees (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host jump (1)
- HsfA2 (1)
- Hsp17-CII (1)
- Hsp70 (1)
- Human health (1)
- Human well-being (1)
- Huntington (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) (1)
- Hydrophobicity scale (1)
- Hydrophyten (1)
- Hydroxymandelate synthase (1)
- Hyperparasites (1)
- Hyperresistance to formaldehyde (1)
- Hypothermia (1)
- I50 Value (1)
- IDP (1)
- IGF-I (1)
- ITS (1)
- ITS/LSU/SSU rDNA (1)
- IUCN protection categories (1)
- Illegal wildlife trade (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- In situ burning (1)
- In vivo electrophysiology (1)
- Indoles (1)
- Inducible Promoter (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Inferior colliculus (1)
- Inhibitor tolerance (1)
- Inhibitors (1)
- Insects (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Integrators (1)
- Interactive 3D models (1)
- International survey (1)
- Intestinal bacterial community (1)
- Intestinal barrier (1)
- Intravenous injections (1)
- InvaCost (1)
- Ipomoea beninensis (1)
- Iridaceae (1)
- Iridoideae (1)
- Ischemia (1)
- Isobutanol (1)
- Isoprenoids (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) (1)
- Isozyme Pattern (1)
- Ixodes ricinus (1)
- Janthinobacterium (1)
- K-homology RNA-binding domain (1)
- Karité (1)
- Ki-67 (1)
- Kinetics of Dimer Formation (1)
- Klebsiella (1)
- Klebsiella oxytoca (1)
- Km values (1)
- Kordyana (1)
- Kosmopoliten (1)
- Kryptrochozoa (1)
- Kynurenine (1)
- Küstenmeer (1)
- L-Galactonate (1)
- L37.eR (1)
- LARS2 (1)
- LASSO algorithm (1)
- LUCA (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Lactation (1)
- LanI Protein (1)
- Lantibiotic (1)
- Lantibiotic Immunity (1)
- Larmor frequency (1)
- Larva (1)
- Latent Injury (1)
- Laurasiatheria (1)
- Leaderless transcript (1)
- Leaf Peroxisomes (1)
- Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Lhcr (1)
- Lhx2 (1)
- Life-Satisfaction (1)
- Life-history (1)
- Lifespan (1)
- Light Inhibition (1)
- Light dark transition test (1)
- Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Ling-zhi (1)
- Lingzhi (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Litter (1)
- Local adaptation (1)
- Localized defecation (1)
- Long ncRNA (1)
- Long-read sequencing (1)
- Long-term live imaging (1)
- Long-term potentiation (1)
- Longevity (1)
- Lophophorata (1)
- Loranthaceae (1)
- Lsm (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- LuxR solos (1)
- LuxS (1)
- MACE (1)
- MACE-seq (1)
- MARTINI force field (1)
- MBD (1)
- MECP2 (1)
- MID task (1)
- MLV (1)
- MMN (1)
- MRP4 (1)
- MRSA (1)
- MS-MS spectra (1)
- Macaronesia (1)
- Macrobenthosda (1)
- Macrotermes (1)
- Macrozoobenthos (1)
- Macula (1)
- Magnetic conditioning (1)
- Magnetic map (1)
- Magnetic ‘map’ component (1)
- Magnetite-based receptors (1)
- Main olfactory epithelium (1)
- Malpighiales (1)
- Mammary gland (1)
- Mandelic acid (1)
- Marantaceae (1)
- Marine Biodiversität (1)
- Marine Biogeographie (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecosystem (1)
- Marine invertebrates (1)
- Marker genes (1)
- Masculinization (1)
- Mason bees (1)
- Mass spectra (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) (1)
- Mate choice (1)
- Mathematical models (1)
- Mawson Bank (1)
- McDonald-Kreitman test (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- Mechanisms of disease (1)
- Mediterranean climate (1)
- Mediterranean plants (1)
- Meis1 (1)
- Meis2 (1)
- Melanocortin (1)
- Meliolales (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Membrane Energetics (1)
- Membrane Enzymes (1)
- Membrane Protein Complex (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Messenger RNA (1)
- Messinian salinity crisis (1)
- MetVF (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic shift (1)
- Metabolite Transport (1)
- Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (1)
- Metamorphosis (1)
- Meteorology (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylene-THF reductase (1)
- Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (1)
- Methylotroph (1)
- Mevalonic Acid (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microbotryales (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Microglial cells (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microtubules (1)
- Microvillus Atrophy (1)
- Midbrain (1)
- Mindanao hawk-eagle (1)
- Mineralization (1)
- Mitochondrial Transport (1)
- Mitochondrial proteases (1)
- Mitochondrien (1)
- Mitophagy (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- MjNhaP1 (1)
- Model (1)
- Model Organism (1)
- Modellsysteme (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular phylogeny (1)
- Mollusks (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monosaccharides (1)
- Montane forest (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Moraea Mill. (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Mount Kilimanjaro (1)
- Mouse models (1)
- Multi-endpoint toxicity study (1)
- Multicellular systems (1)
- Multidimensional imaging (1)
- Multidrug Transporters (1)
- Multienzyme complexes (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Mutual information (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myotis bechsteinii (1)
- NGS (1)
- NMDA receptor (1)
- NMR assignments (1)
- NMR solution structure (1)
- NOS-I (1)
- NOS1AP (1)
- NR1 antagonist (1)
- NR3 subunit (1)
- NRPS engineering (1)
- NTFPs (1)
- NW Pacific (1)
- NXF1 (1)
- Na Gradient (1)
- Na+ transport (1)
- Nano- and microplastics (1)
- Nanoplastic (1)
- Natural sounds (1)
- Natural transformation (1)
- Nature Contributions to People (1)
- Nature Interest Scale (NIS) (1)
- Nature Valuation (1)
- Nature conservation (1)
- Nature contributions to people (1)
- Nature's Contributions to People (1)
- Neocaridina palmata (1)
- Neonicotinoid (1)
- Neonicotinoids (1)
- Neostriatum (1)
- Neotropic (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Nephrons (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Neuroblasts (1)
- Neuroligins (1)
- Neuron-glia interactions (1)
- Neuronal dendrites (1)
- Neuronal migration (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- New host (1)
- New species (1)
- Niche (1)
- Nicht-Holz-Waldprodukte (1)
- Nisaetus pinskeri (1)
- Nisthilfe (1)
- Nistplatz (1)
- Nitrogen Metabolism (1)
- Nitrosative Stress (1)
- Noctuidae (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- Non-structural protein (1)
- Nonoculata (1)
- Norflurazon (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- Northern blot (1)
- Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (1)
- Nostocales (1)
- Notch signaling (1)
- Nothopassalora (1)
- Notoryctes (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Nucleic acid-binding domain (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Nucleotid Specifity (1)
- Nutrient concentration (1)
- Nutzung (1)
- Nutzungskriterien (1)
- Nyctalus leisleri (1)
- O-CAS assay (1)
- O-methyltransferase (1)
- OEP80 (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Obligate biotroph (1)
- Occurrence (1)
- Octanoic acid (1)
- Odorant receptor (1)
- Oil spill assessment (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oil toxicity (1)
- Old-old (1)
- Olfactory Receptors (1)
- Omics (1)
- Omp85-independent OMP Insertion (1)
- Online monitoring (1)
- Oocytes (1)
- Oomycota (1)
- Opisthobranchia (1)
- Opossums (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optogenetics (1)
- Organic acid reduction (1)
- Organophosphates (1)
- Orientierungsverhalten (1)
- Orthologue search (1)
- Osmostress (1)
- Otolith (1)
- Ovaries (1)
- Oxanthrone Glucosyls (1)
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies (1)
- Oxidation-Reduction (1)
- Oxidative Stress (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxygen Evolution (1)
- Ozone (1)
- P 700 (1)
- P. anserina (1)
- P. maximowiczii Henry x P. nigra L. cv. Rochester (1)
- P2Y13 receptor (1)
- PARK4 (1)
- PC12 (1)
- PDCA (1)
- PFNL (1)
- PINK1 (1)
- PKA (1)
- POTRA Domains (1)
- PSII core phosphorylation (1)
- PaCRD1 (1)
- PaIAP (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panolis flammea (1)
- Pantropical distribution (1)
- Parallelisation (1)
- Parasites of endangered species (1)
- Parasitismus (1)
- Particle toxicity (1)
- Passalora (1)
- Passeriformes (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathogenesis (1)
- Pathosystem (1)
- Pathways (1)
- Pectin (1)
- Penetration resistance (1)
- Peptide natural products (1)
- Peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus (PAX) peptide (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Peroxisomes (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pexophagy (1)
- Pflanzengeografie (1)
- Pflanzensoziologie (1)
- Phaeodactylum tricornutum (1)
- Pheromone Inhibitor (1)
- Pheromones (1)
- Phoronida (1)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (1)
- Phosphohydrolases (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Photoinactivation (1)
- Photoreceptors (1)
- Photoreduction (1)
- Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation (1)
- Photosynthetic Reaction Center (1)
- Photosystem II (1)
- Phvtoene Desaturase (1)
- Phvtofluene (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogenetische Analyse (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physical comorbidities (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytoene (1)
- Phytohormones (1)
- Pigeons (1)
- Pigment Composition (1)
- Pigment and Protein Content (1)
- PilF (1)
- Pilus (1)
- Pithecophaga jefferyi (1)
- Placental barrier (1)
- Planetary boundaries (1)
- Plant morphological groups (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant protection product (1)
- Plant sciences (1)
- Plant symbiosis (1)
- Plasmid construction (1)
- Plasmodium (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic polymers (1)
- Plastic response (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastid rRNA (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Podocarpus National Park (1)
- Poeciliidae (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Polo-like kinase 3 (1)
- Polyhedral Bodies (1)
- Polyketide synthase (1)
- Polyketides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polypeptides (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyzoa (1)
- Pond snail (1)
- Pontisma (1)
- Population density (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen (1)
- Porin (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Posttranscriptional gene silencing (1)
- Potato Tuber Slices (1)
- Potato Tuber Tissue (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premating isolation (1)
- Premature Leaf Drop (1)
- Product reuptake (1)
- Proline (1)
- Prolyl 4 hydroxylases (1)
- Promoter (1)
- Promoters (1)
- Protein Assembly (1)
- Protein Complexes (1)
- Protein DNA-Interaction (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Shape (1)
- Protein Sorting (1)
- Protein design (1)
- Protein domains (1)
- Protein drugability (1)
- Protein druggability (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Protein turnover (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Protocatechuic Acid (1)
- Protracted speciation (1)
- Protura (1)
- Pseudocercospora (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Psychological attitudes (1)
- Pterolichoidea (1)
- Pulse treatment (1)
- Pure Cultures of Marine Diatoms (1)
- Purine accumulation (1)
- Purkinje cell (1)
- Pyramidal cells (1)
- Pyrolysis GC–MS (1)
- Pyrophosphatase (1)
- Q-modularity (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quantitative imaging (1)
- Quantitative microscopy (1)
- Quantum Requirement (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- Quercetin (1)
- Quercus frainetto (1)
- Quercus pubescens (1)
- Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- Quinolinic acid (1)
- Quinones (1)
- Quinonoids (1)
- Quorum sensing (1)
- Qв Binding Protein (1)
- R-INLA (1)
- RADseq (1)
- RDA, Digital Object Architecture (1)
- REM sleep (1)
- RMP1 (1)
- RNA Biology (1)
- RNA Polymerase (1)
- RNA and RNA-protein complexes (1)
- RNA binding proteins (1)
- RNA decay (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RNA stability (1)
- RNA turnover (1)
- RNA-binding protein (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNA–protein complex (1)
- RND (1)
- ROS (1)
- Radical Pair model (1)
- Radical pair mechanisms (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Rain (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (1)
- Rapoport effect (1)
- Real-time semi-quantitative PCR (1)
- Recolonization (1)
- Red fox (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulation of D1 Protein (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Reishi (1)
- Rep gene (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Research Data Alliance (1)
- Research Ethics (1)
- Research Infrastructure (1)
- Research validity (1)
- Residues (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Respiratory chain (1)
- Respiratory tract diseases (1)
- Retina (1)
- Retroposon (1)
- Retrotransposons (1)
- Reverse transcription (1)
- Review (1)
- Reward anticipation (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Rhamnus purshianus D. C. (1)
- Rhodnius prolixus (1)
- Rhodococcus rhodnii (1)
- Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (1)
- Rice blast (1)
- Ringfund (1)
- Rnf (1)
- Rnf complex (1)
- Robert Koch Institute (1)
- Ross Sea (1)
- Ruderalarten (1)
- RxLR effectors (1)
- S-azidoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine (1)
- S. cerevisiae (1)
- S9 (1)
- SCA34 (1)
- SCA38 (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- SLAM-seq (1)
- SNF1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SNPs (1)
- SPAdes (1)
- SPME-GCMS (1)
- SR protein (1)
- SSA (1)
- Salinity (1)
- Santa Fe National Park (1)
- Saprolegnia (1)
- Sarcophilus (1)
- Scale-up (1)
- Schibutterbaum (1)
- Schizokinen (1)
- Schleiereule (1)
- Schutzgebiete (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Scientific Research (1)
- Scrotifera (1)
- Sea water (1)
- Seasons (1)
- Secondary mutations (1)
- Secretins (1)
- Secretion (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Seed sowing experiment (1)
- Seed treatment (1)
- Seed-treatment (1)
- Seedling establishment (1)
- Segetalarten (1)
- Semantics (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Sensorimotor processing (1)
- Sensory Neuroscience (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sex Attractants (1)
- Sex determination (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Shade Adaptation (1)
- Shake flask (1)
- Shea (1)
- Sholl analysis (1)
- Shores (1)
- Short-chain fatty acids (1)
- Shotgun sequencing (1)
- Shrew-1 (1)
- Sign posts (1)
- Signal inhibition (1)
- Simuliidae (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Small nucleolar RNA (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Smut fungi (1)
- Social Control of Human Experimentation (1)
- Social Control of Science/Technology (1)
- Social behaviour (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Social sciences (1)
- Sodefrin precursor-like factor (1)
- Sodium Proton Exchange (1)
- Sodium Transport (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Solanum (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum L. (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- Sorting nexins (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Soziale Amöben (1)
- SpaI (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Spectral clustering algorithm (1)
- Spheroids (1)
- Splice variants (1)
- Sporisorium reilianum (1)
- Stadtfauna (1)
- Stadtflora (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Statistical distributions (1)
- Ste2p (1)
- Stem cells (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Streams (1)
- Streptomyces hydrogenans (1)
- String similarity (1)
- Structural protein (1)
- Subjective Well-Being (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Subtilin (1)
- Sulfuryl Reagents (1)
- Summer drought (1)
- Supervised machine learning (1)
- Surface range (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Sustainable chemistry (1)
- Swift (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Swimming behavior (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synaptosomal preparation (1)
- Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1)
- Synthesis gas (1)
- T-cell receptor (1)
- TATA box binding protein (1)
- TDOA (1)
- TOC (1)
- TOM complex (1)
- TRAIL (1)
- TWNK (1)
- Tabanidae (1)
- Tabanus (1)
- Targeted metabolomics (1)
- Tasmanian devil (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Tchad (1)
- Temperature preference (1)
- Terbutryn (1)
- Termitenbiologie (1)
- Termitenhügel (1)
- Terpenes (1)
- Testis (1)
- Tetrad Analysis (1)
- Thalassiosira (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter (1)
- Thermoascus aurantiacus (1)
- Thermophilic acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Therophyten (1)
- Thin Layer Chromatography (1)
- Thioesterase (1)
- Thiolation domain (1)
- Three-Dimensional Structure (1)
- Three-dimensional cell culture (1)
- Three-dimensional in vitro modeling (1)
- Thylakoid Membrane (1)
- Thymidylate Low Requirement (1)
- Thymidylate Sensitivity (1)
- Thymidylate Synthetase (1)
- Thymidylate Uptake (1)
- Thymine Dimers (1)
- Tick-borne diseases (1)
- Tie2 (1)
- Tiefsee (1)
- Tigers (1)
- Tigray (1)
- Tissue integrity (1)
- Toc75-V (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tools and ressources (1)
- Tooth Development (1)
- Topology (1)
- Toxic units (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Tragelaphus oryx (1)
- Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (1)
- Transcriptional control (1)
- Transcriptome analysis (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transgenesis (1)
- Transgenic organisms (1)
- Translation (1)
- Translocation machineries (1)
- Transmembrane helix (1)
- Transmembrane sheets (1)
- Transport (1)
- Traumatic mating (1)
- Tree rings (1)
- Tribolium castaneum (1)
- Trichoptera (1)
- Trigeminal nerve (1)
- Trimethylamine biosynthesis (1)
- Triterpenic acids (1)
- Tropical forest restoration (1)
- Trypanosoma rangeli (1)
- Tuber aestivum (1)
- Tuber magnatum (1)
- Tumor interstitial fluid pressure (1)
- Tumor suppressor protein (1)
- Tylosis (1)
- Type IV Pili (1)
- Tyro Mauritania II (1)
- Tyrosine prototrophy (1)
- Tyto alba (1)
- U-turn (1)
- UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- UV crosslink events (1)
- UV-B Effects (1)
- UV-stress (1)
- UV/V cones (1)
- Ultrastructure (1)
- University students (1)
- Uptake (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Ustilaginales (1)
- Ustilaginomycotina (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- Ustilagomaydis (1)
- Valine biosynthesis (1)
- Variability (1)
- Vasophilic migration (1)
- Vector-host-interaction (1)
- Vegetationsbedeckung (1)
- Vegetationshöhe (1)
- Vegetationsmuster (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Vertikalzonierung (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Viral infection (1)
- Virtual screening (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Visual analysis (1)
- Vocalization (1)
- Vulpes (1)
- Vulpes lagopus (1)
- Vulpes vulpes (1)
- WAP complex (1)
- WAP-Komplex (1)
- WL110547 (1)
- WSINE1 (1)
- Wald als Lebensgrundlage (1)
- Wasserpflanzen (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water accommodated fractions (1)
- Water framework directive (1)
- Weather conditions (1)
- Well-being (1)
- Western Kenya (1)
- Whole-genome sequence (1)
- Wildlife (1)
- Wissen und Wahrnehmung der Einheimischen (1)
- Wood properties (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xylem (1)
- Xylose (1)
- Yam (1)
- Yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- Young-old (1)
- Zajonc (1)
- Zebrafish eleutheroembryo (1)
- Zeigerwerte (1)
- Zerumbone (1)
- Zinc Stimulation (1)
- Zn2+ (1)
- Zospeum (1)
- Zweitbrut (1)
- Zymomonas mobilis (1)
- aIF (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- abondance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- acetogen (1)
- acetogenesis (1)
- acetogenic bacteria (1)
- acetogenic metabolism (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase; Smpd1) (1)
- acoustic features (1)
- acoustic multilateration (1)
- acoustic startle reflex (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- acute attacks (1)
- adaptive laboratory evolution (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adenine (1)
- adenosine receptors (1)
- adhesin (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adipogenesis (1)
- admixture inference (1)
- advanced glycation end products (1)
- agaricomycetes (1)
- ageing (1)
- aging and catalases (1)
- alarm calls (1)
- aldehydes (1)
- algae (1)
- algal evolution (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- all-E Lycopene (1)
- alpha-proteobacteria (1)
- alpha-synuclein (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- alternative 3′ end processing (1)
- altitude-for-latitude (1)
- alzheimer’s disease (1)
- anaerobic metabolism (1)
- anal carcinoma (1)
- androgens (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- angipoietin (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal detection (1)
- animal hybridization (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal personality (1)
- animal sounds (1)
- anomaly zone (1)
- antennale Sensillen (1)
- anther development (1)
- anti-oxidants (1)
- antiandrogens (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antifungals (1)
- antigen processing (1)
- antipredator (1)
- apex bird species (1)
- aptamer (1)
- aptamers (1)
- aquatic environment (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- articular chondrocytes (1)
- artificial docking domains (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- asgard group (1)
- assembly gaps (1)
- assessment of reference bias (1)
- assisted migration (1)
- astaxanthin (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- ataxia (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- attitudes (1)
- attitudes towards species conservation (1)
- attractive crops (1)
- auditory processing (1)
- automated conservation assessment (1)
- automated radiotelemetry system (1)
- avian magnetic compass (1)
- azaindole (1)
- azides (1)
- azido-fatty acids (1)
- b-barrel membrane protein (1)
- b-carotene ketolase (1)
- background noise (1)
- bacterial autotransporter (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterial community (1)
- bacterial microcompartment (1)
- bacterial secretion (1)
- bacterium-fungus interaction (1)
- balancing selection (1)
- barrier loci (1)
- basal oomycetes (1)
- baseline (1)
- bears (1)
- behavioral research (1)
- behaviour (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- behavioural syndrome (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- benthic fauna (1)
- benthos (1)
- beta-diversity turnover (1)
- betaine/choline/carnitine transporter (1)
- binding sites (1)
- bioactivity testing (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- biodiesel (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity in literature (1)
- biodiversity loss (1)
- biodiversity protection (1)
- bioengineering (1)
- bioethanol (1)
- biofuels (1)
- biogenic amine (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biohydrogen (1)
- biological archives (1)
- biological variables (1)
- biologicals (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biome (1)
- biosonar (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- biotic factors (1)
- bipartite networks (1)
- birds (1)
- bitopic transmembrane α-helix (1)
- blood vessels (1)
- body length (1)
- bois d’œuvre (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- bone resorption (1)
- brain phosphorylome (1)
- branching (1)
- breast muscle (1)
- breeding sites (1)
- bromodomains (1)
- brood (1)
- cAMP (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calcium signalling (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer models (1)
- candidate genes (1)
- captive management (1)
- carbon capture (1)
- carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- carnitine metabolism (1)
- carnivora (1)
- carotenogenic genes (1)
- carotenogenic pathways (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- carotenoid distribution (1)
- carotenoid pathway engineering (1)
- carotenoid structures (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- cascade model (1)
- cave-dwelling species (1)
- caves (1)
- cdk (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell cycle (1)
- cell differentiation (1)
- cell fractionation (1)
- cell growth (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell surface hydrophobicity (1)
- cell volume (1)
- cell wall precursor (1)
- cell-cell communication (1)
- cellular self-organization (1)
- cellular signaling (1)
- ceramide phosphoinositols (1)
- ceramide synthase (CERS2/CERS1) (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- cerebral metastasis (1)
- chaperone (1)
- chaperones (1)
- chassis cell (1)
- checklist (1)
- checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- chemiosmosis (1)
- chemoradiotherapy (1)
- chickpea genome sequence (1)
- chloride accumulation (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chlorophyta (1)
- chloroplast envelopes (1)
- chloroplast membrane proteins (1)
- chloroplast phosphorylation network (1)
- chloroplasts (1)
- chromalveolate (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromosome organization (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- circadian clock (1)
- citizen science (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climate warming (1)
- climate-change ecology (1)
- climatic variables (1)
- clostridia (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- co-crystallization (1)
- co-culture model (1)
- co-fermentation of pentoses with glucose (1)
- co-knowledge production (1)
- co-transcriptional regulation (1)
- cobaltocene (1)
- cochlea (1)
- cockroach (1)
- coherence (1)
- color (1)
- combined therapy (1)
- commissures (1)
- common transition pairs (1)
- communication (1)
- communication-mediating domains (1)
- community (1)
- community mean (1)
- comparative analysis (1)
- compartmental modeling (1)
- compass orientation (1)
- complement system (1)
- complementation (1)
- complete chloroplast genome (1)
- complex plastid (1)
- complexome profiling (1)
- comprehensive care (1)
- computational and systems biology (1)
- computational biology (1)
- computational literary studies (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- conditions du sol (1)
- conflict mitigation (1)
- conflicting hypotheses (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- conformational change (1)
- connaissances et perceptions locales (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (CNS) (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- conservation funding (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- control region (1)
- convergent adaptive evolution (1)
- convergent evolution (1)
- core facility administration (1)
- cortisol secretion (1)
- cosmopolitan (1)
- cosmopolite (1)
- cotransformation (1)
- coupling (1)
- couverture végétale (1)
- covalent reversible inhibition (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- cross-border (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- cross-species RNA-sequencing (1)
- crustacea (1)
- cryo-electron tomography (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptochrome 1a (1)
- cultural ecosystem services (1)
- custom (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyclic depsipeptide (1)
- cyclins (1)
- cyclooctyne (1)
- cytosolic free calcium (1)
- dPAS (1)
- dRNA-Seq (1)
- data integration (1)
- data processing (1)
- data pruning (1)
- database (1)
- de novo Synthesis (1)
- de novo transcription (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- decision making (1)
- decision-making (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep water (1)
- deep-sea sediment (1)
- deepSuperSAGE (1)
- degree of saturation (1)
- delta oscillations (1)
- demography (1)
- dendrite (1)
- dendritic branching (1)
- dendritic morphology (1)
- denervation (1)
- depth (1)
- dermosphere (1)
- designed multitarget ligands (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diadinoxanthin (1)
- diagnostic radiologic examination (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diatom parasites (1)
- diatoxanthin (1)
- diesel (1)
- differentially regulated orthologs (1)
- differentiation (1)
- differentiation diversity (1)
- digital photos (1)
- digital student lab (1)
- digital twin (1)
- dimer interface formation (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- dispersal (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diurnal variation (1)
- diversity (1)
- docking domains (1)
- docking studies (1)
- domain architecture evolution (1)
- données d’observation (1)
- dopamine (1)
- double hierarchical model (1)
- downy mildew (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug screening system (1)
- dual BET/HDAC inhibitor (1)
- dépendance des forêts (1)
- eNPP2 (1)
- easyPACId (1)
- ecological networks (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecology and biodiversity (1)
- ecology of fear (1)
- ecospat (1)
- ecosystem engineers (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem management (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ectomycorrhizal (1)
- education for sustainable development (ESD) (1)
- effect monitoring (1)
- effectors (1)
- electron bifurcation (1)
- electron transport (1)
- electron transport chains (1)
- electrophilic natural products (1)
- electrophysiology (1)
- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (1)
- elementary mode (1)
- elephant damage (1)
- elephant‐safe stores (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- elimination rate constant (1)
- emiliania huxleyi (1)
- emotions (1)
- endemism (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (1)
- endomembrane system (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endosomes (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endémisme (1)
- energy (1)
- energy conservation (1)
- energy metabolism (1)
- energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) (1)
- engineering (1)
- enrichment (1)
- entomopathogenic bacteria (1)
- entropy (1)
- envelope membrane proteome approach comparison (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental attitudes (1)
- environmental behavior (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental gradients (1)
- environmental health (1)
- environmental humanities (1)
- environmental knowledge (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- enzymatic electrosynthesis (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- ephrinB (1)
- ephrinB2 (1)
- epidermal growth factor (1)
- epoxides (1)
- espèces rudérales (1)
- espèces ségétales (1)
- essential gene (1)
- ester (1)
- esterification (1)
- ether lipids (1)
- eukaryotic biodiversity (1)
- eukaryotic system (1)
- eutroglobiont gastropod (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary traceability (1)
- excipients (1)
- excitatory glycine receptor (1)
- exon coalescence (1)
- exon concatenation (1)
- exosomes (1)
- expansion microscopy (1)
- experiment (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposure (1)
- expression system (1)
- extracellular stimuli (1)
- extreme frost (1)
- fMRI (1)
- facilitation (1)
- fasting (1)
- fatty acid dependency (1)
- fatty acid desaturation (1)
- fatty acid elongase (Elovl1/4/5) (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feedback neurons (1)
- fine structure (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fishing (1)
- fission (1)
- flagellar sensilla (1)
- flavin cycle (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flowering (1)
- fluorescent dye (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- folding (1)
- foliar pathogens (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- food security (1)
- foraging (1)
- forest dependency (1)
- formate dehydrogenase (1)
- fractionation (1)
- fragile-X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (1)
- freie Radikale (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fronto-temporal-lobar-dementia (1)
- frugivorous bird communities (1)
- fucoxanthin (1)
- fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-proteins (1)
- function, sorting (1)
- functional coupling (1)
- functional group (1)
- functional identity (1)
- functional module (1)
- functional redundancy (1)
- functional richness (1)
- fungal effectors (1)
- fungal traits (1)
- fusion (1)
- fuzzy clustering (1)
- gRNA library (1)
- gamma oscillations (1)
- gap duration (1)
- gap-prepulse inhibition (1)
- gas exchange (1)
- gastropods (1)
- gel retardation (1)
- gene expression profiling (1)
- gene families (1)
- gene family (1)
- gene loss (1)
- gene models (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene sequence data (1)
- general autophagy (1)
- generalised additive models (1)
- genes for longevity (1)
- genetic drift (1)
- genetic pathway (1)
- genetics (1)
- genetics and genomics (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genome assembly and annotation (1)
- genome copy numbers (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- genome-wide (1)
- genomic diversity (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geographical distribution (1)
- geographical origin (1)
- giraffe (1)
- giraffe behavior (1)
- glidobactin (1)
- glidobactins (1)
- global biomes (1)
- glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- glucocorticoid response (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose transport inhibitor (1)
- glutamine synthetase (1)
- glycation (1)
- glycine receptor (1)
- graded structure (1)
- graduate school (1)
- granule cell (1)
- grapes (1)
- grasslands (1)
- gravity (1)
- growth promotion (1)
- growth rates (1)
- guanidine riboswitch (1)
- guarding behavior (1)
- guided zoo tours (1)
- guideline (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- haloferax volcanii (1)
- halophile (1)
- halophilic (1)
- hands-on elements (1)
- harmine (1)
- hauteur de végétation (1)
- heart diameter (1)
- heat (1)
- heat and drought (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heat stress transcription factor (1)
- heat stress transcription factors (1)
- heat-shock protein (1)
- heathlands (1)
- hematopoiesis (1)
- heme-regulated inhibitory kinase (1)
- hemicellulose (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- herbaria (1)
- hereditary angioedema, (1)
- hereditary hyperekplexia (1)
- heterocysts (1)
- heteroplasmy (1)
- heterozygous cells (1)
- high light adaptation (1)
- high throughput (1)
- high throughput screening (1)
- higher education (1)
- histone modifications (1)
- historical biodiversity (1)
- holocarpic oomycetes (1)
- homeostatic plasticity (1)
- homologous gene expression (1)
- honey bee classification (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybee (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- host cell response (1)
- host specificity (1)
- housing conditions (1)
- human (1)
- human footprint (1)
- human host adaptation (1)
- human impact (1)
- human monocytes (1)
- human pathogen (1)
- human well-being (1)
- human‐wildlife interactions (1)
- human–elephant conflict (1)
- hxt0 yeast strain (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hybrid strategy (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrogen evolution (1)
- hydrogen oxidation (1)
- hydrogen production (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- hydrogen-dependent carbon dioxide reductase (1)
- hydrogenase (1)
- hydrophytes (1)
- hydroxamate (1)
- hydroxyproline (1)
- hyperparasitic fungi (1)
- hyperparasitism (1)
- hypocotyls (1)
- hypothesis (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- i-AAA protease (1)
- ibosome biogenesis (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- illustrated inclusion of nature in self scale (IINS) (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- impact humain (1)
- imported malaria (1)
- in situ diversification (1)
- in vitro test system (1)
- in-vitro Assay (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- inclusion of nature in self scale (INS) (1)
- indel (1)
- indicator values (1)
- individual interest (1)
- individuality (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- inducible nitric oxide synthase (1)
- infectious diseases (1)
- inflammation (1)
- infrared (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- ingénieurs de l'écosystème (1)
- inositol signaling (1)
- insect (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- insecticidal activity (1)
- insecticide (1)
- insecticides (1)
- instrument performance tests (1)
- integrate-and-fire (1)
- integrin (1)
- intellectual property (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- interest in animals (1)
- interest in nature (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- intersexuality (1)
- intra-tumor heterogeneity (1)
- intracellular protein localization (1)
- intracellular stimuli (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invariant transition pairs (1)
- invasive mammals (1)
- ions (1)
- iron (1)
- iron starvation (1)
- ischemia (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- islands of divergence (1)
- isolated nature reserves (1)
- isorhamnetin (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kidney disease (1)
- kinase protein interaction (1)
- kinase regulation (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knock-out (1)
- lab motivation scale (LMS) (1)
- labradorin (1)
- land snails (1)
- land use (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape fragmentation (1)
- land‐use planning (1)
- lantibiotic (1)
- large carnivores (1)
- large subunit maturation (1)
- larvae (1)
- lateralization (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- learning difficulties (1)
- learning technology (1)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- legionella (1)
- leukemia (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction (1)
- libgen (1)
- lichen (1)
- lichen diversity (1)
- lichen secondary metabolites (1)
- lichen symbiosis (1)
- lichenized fungi (1)
- lichens (1)
- life span (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- ligand-binding domain (1)
- ligands (1)
- light (1)
- light stimuli (1)
- light-harvesting (1)
- light-stress (1)
- likelihood quartet mapping (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipid profiles (1)
- lipid to protein ratio (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipoprotein (1)
- literature review (1)
- livelihood (1)
- liver cancer (1)
- liver damage (1)
- local control (1)
- local factors (1)
- long noncoding RNA (1)
- long sequencing reads (1)
- long-distance dispersa (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term potentiation (1)
- long-term prophylaxis (1)
- long-term protection (1)
- long-term research (1)
- low-frequency sound (1)
- ländliche Einkommen (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- m-Cresol (1)
- mPTP (1)
- mRNA export (1)
- mRNA isoforms (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroecological model (1)
- macroevolution (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetoreception (1)
- maize (1)
- major vault protein (1)
- maladaptation (1)
- malaria elimination (1)
- marine oil spills (1)
- marine protected areas (1)
- marsupial phylogeny (1)
- mating type (1)
- matrix metalloprotease (1)
- maturation process (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximal common transition set (1)
- maximum likelihood (1)
- mayflies (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- mechanical stimuli (1)
- mediterranean (1)
- meerkats (1)
- membrane (1)
- membrane complex dynamics (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteome (1)
- membrane structure (1)
- membrane trafficking (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory (1)
- menschlicher Einfluss (1)
- messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) (1)
- meta-stable structures (1)
- metabolic disruptors (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- metabolic pathway (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolomic (1)
- metagenome assembly (1)
- metalloenzymes (1)
- metalloproteins (1)
- metastasis (1)
- metastatic cancer (1)
- metazoans (1)
- methylglyoxal (1)
- methyltransferase (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microgastropoda (1)
- microsatellite (1)
- microscopy room requirements (1)
- microtubular cytoskeleton (1)
- microtubule-targeting agents (1)
- migratory orientation (1)
- minimal cut set (1)
- mitochondria localization (1)
- mitochondrial dynamics (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial localization motif (1)
- mitochondrial protein import (1)
- mitochondrial quality control (1)
- mitogen-activated protein kinase (1)
- mitohormesis (1)
- model uncertainty (1)
- model verification (1)
- modularity (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular phylogenetic analysis (1)
- molecular screening (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- monetary impacts (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoamine oxidase A (1)
- monocytes (1)
- morphological modeling (1)
- morphology evaluation (1)
- moth indicator groups (1)
- motif search (1)
- motivation (1)
- motivations (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse retina (1)
- mouse tissues (1)
- movement (1)
- mt DNA (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- mtDNA control region (1)
- mtDNA haplotypes (1)
- mtor (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multi-objective optimization (1)
- multi-omics technology (1)
- multilocus genotype (1)
- muscarinic receptor (1)
- muscle contraction (1)
- mushroom (1)
- mushroom bodies (1)
- mushroom body extrinsic neurons (1)
- mushroom spines (1)
- mutualist-mediated effects (1)
- mycorrhiza (1)
- mycorrhizas (1)
- myxobacteria (1)
- myxomycete (1)
- n-Butanol (1)
- n-butanol (1)
- nNOS (1)
- natural behavior (1)
- natural competence (1)
- natural compounds (1)
- natural product (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- nature relatedness scale (NR) (1)
- negative Praktiken (1)
- negative practices (1)
- nematode diversity (1)
- nematophin (1)
- neoxanthin (1)
- network reduction (1)
- network state changes (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neurexin (1)
- neuro-vascular (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neuroblast growth (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- neuroethology (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neurons (1)
- neurosimulation (1)
- neutral ceramidase (Asah2) (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase (Smpd3) (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new records (1)
- new species (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (1)
- nightly behavior (1)
- nisin binding (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nocturnal activity (1)
- nocturnal behavior (1)
- noise-induced hearing loss (1)
- non-coding RNA (1)
- non-destructive sampling (1)
- non-invasive (1)
- non-material contribution (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide syntheses (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-target chemical analysis (1)
- non-timber forest products (1)
- nonbreeding (1)
- noninvasive species (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (1)
- nontarget (1)
- northern giraffe (1)
- novel natural products (1)
- nuclear architecture (1)
- nuclear hormone receptor (1)
- nucleolin (1)
- nucleolus (1)
- nucleophilic addition (1)
- nucleotide-sugar (1)
- number (1)
- oakmoss (1)
- obesogens (1)
- obligate pathogens (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- observation data (1)
- octanoic acid (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (1)
- oncogene (1)
- oncogenes (1)
- oncomodulation (1)
- one new species (1)
- online learning (1)
- ontogenetic development (1)
- oomycete (1)
- oomycetes (1)
- open data (1)
- open materials (1)
- open-data (1)
- open-source 3D bioprinting (1)
- organellar ploidy levels (1)
- organelle structure (1)
- organoids (1)
- organotypic slice cultures (1)
- orthogroup (1)
- ortholog search (1)
- orthology assignment (1)
- oscillations (1)
- osmoadaptation (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- osmotic stress (1)
- osteoclastogenesis (1)
- osteoclasts (1)
- otic neurogenesis (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- oxazole (1)
- oxidativer Stress (1)
- oxygenic photosynthesis (1)
- oxylipins (1)
- p44/42 MAPK (1)
- pH Regulation (1)
- pPAS (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- paleobiology (1)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- paralogy (1)
- parasites Tapinanthus (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- pathway (1)
- pathway complexity (1)
- pathway evolution (1)
- pathway regulation (1)
- patient-derived organoids (1)
- pattern (1)
- peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus peptide (1)
- peptide-loading complex (1)
- peptides (1)
- personalized oncology (1)
- phase-amplitude coupling (1)
- phenology (1)
- phenotypic analysis (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- phenylpropanoid (1)
- phosphate starvation (1)
- phosphoketolase (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- phosphotransacetylase (1)
- photocycle (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- photos numériques (1)
- photosystem II assembly and repair (1)
- photosystem maintenance (1)
- phylogenetic approach (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic informativeness (1)
- phylogenetic network (1)
- phylogenetic profile (1)
- phylogenetic profiles (1)
- phylogenetic profiling (1)
- physiological stress (1)
- phytogeography (1)
- phytogéographie (1)
- phytosociologie (1)
- phytosociology (1)
- planning and design (1)
- plant protein distribution (1)
- plant proteomics (1)
- plant regeneration (1)
- plant-animal mutualism (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- plastic (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plastid protein import (1)
- plastids (1)
- plastome (1)
- playback experiment (1)
- pleiotropy (1)
- policies (1)
- politics and governance (1)
- pollinator crisis (1)
- polo-like kinase (1)
- polyacetylenes (1)
- polyines (1)
- polyketide synthase (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polymers (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyynes (1)
- population growth (1)
- population structure (1)
- populations rurales pauvres (1)
- positive selection (1)
- post-2020 biodiversity targets (1)
- post-transcriptional gene regulation (1)
- post-transcriptional regulation (1)
- postglacial colonisation (1)
- posttranslational regulation of photosynthesis (1)
- posture estimation (1)
- power law (1)
- pratiques négatives (1)
- pre-clinical models (1)
- pre-mRNA splicing (1)
- precipitation (1)
- predation (1)
- predation risk (1)
- prediction error (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- prepulse inhibition (1)
- preregistered (1)
- priority natural areas (1)
- probe kit (1)
- prodrug (1)
- produits forestiers non ligneux (1)
- progenitor cell (1)
- propanediol utilization (1)
- property damage (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protease (1)
- proteasome (1)
- proteasome inhibitors (1)
- protected areas (1)
- protein complex assembly (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein import (1)
- protein kinases (1)
- protein membrane insertion (1)
- protein production (1)
- protein quality control (1)
- protein stability (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein trafficking (1)
- protein translocation (1)
- protein turnover (1)
- proteobacteria (1)
- proteoliposomes, (1)
- proteomic (1)
- proteostasis (1)
- proton translocation (1)
- protonated cytidine (1)
- protons (1)
- protoplast fusion (1)
- pseudouridylation (1)
- psychiatric disorders (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- pupillometry (1)
- qH2 (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quality of life (1)
- quantification (1)
- quantitative disease resistance (1)
- quercetin (1)
- quercus (1)
- quorum quenching (1)
- rRNA (1)
- raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) (1)
- radical pair model (1)
- radicals (1)
- radioresponse (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- random forest (1)
- range boundary (1)
- range expansion (1)
- range predictions (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- rare species (1)
- reaction mechanisms (1)
- receptor (1)
- recolonization (1)
- recommendations (1)
- red algae (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- reductases (1)
- reference bias (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- reinforcement statistical learning (1)
- reintroduction (1)
- relational values (1)
- reliability (1)
- remodeling (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- repeat elements (1)
- repetition suppression (1)
- repetitive DNA (1)
- replication (1)
- resident’ knowledge and perceptions (1)
- residual intra‐individual variability (1)
- resource losses (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- ressources de base (1)
- resting site (1)
- resveratrol (1)
- retina development (1)
- retrophylogenomics (1)
- retrotransposition (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- revenu rural (1)
- reversed phase (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- rhodesain (1)
- ribosomal proteins (1)
- ribosomes (1)
- riboswitches (1)
- richness model (1)
- right eye/left brain system (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- rock-climbing impact (1)
- roentgen rays (1)
- root nodules (1)
- royal jelly (1)
- ruderal species (1)
- runs of homozygosity (1)
- rural income (1)
- rural poor (1)
- ryanodine receptor (1)
- sRNA (1)
- sRNA regulon (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- salmonella (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saprotrophic (1)
- saprotrophic fungi (1)
- sarcoplasmic reticulum (1)
- satellite rainfall estimates (1)
- savanna (1)
- savanna ecosystem (1)
- scale development (1)
- scale invariance (1)
- scale validation (1)
- science citoyenne (1)
- sea-level fluctuations (1)
- seafloor bathymetry (1)
- seasonal migration (1)
- secondary endosymbiosis (1)
- secondary metabolism (1)
- secondary metabolite (1)
- secreted proteins (1)
- sediment (1)
- seedling (1)
- seedling communities (1)
- segetal species (1)
- self-administration (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensory (1)
- sensory coding (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- sequence evolution (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sequencing error (1)
- serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Sptlc2) (1)
- sesquiterpenoids (1)
- sex determination (1)
- sexual ornament (1)
- shallow water (1)
- short-term prophylaxis (1)
- siRNA (1)
- siderophore (1)
- signal peptide (1)
- signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (1)
- signaling (1)
- silicate (1)
- simplified production (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- site-specific recombination (1)
- sleep (1)
- small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- small animals (1)
- small nucleolar RNA (1)
- small proteins (1)
- small regulatory RNA (1)
- smut fungi (1)
- snoRNAs (1)
- social facilitation (1)
- social information (1)
- social inhibition (1)
- social insects (1)
- social introduction (1)
- social survey (1)
- social-ecological system (1)
- socio-economic sectors (1)
- soil VOCs (1)
- soil conditions (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- sound coding (1)
- sound localization (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- spa/spa TG456 mice (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- spatial learning (1)
- spatial modelling (1)
- special needs education (1)
- special needs students (1)
- specialization (1)
- species discrimination (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species identity (1)
- species tree (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- splicing regulation (1)
- spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (1)
- stairway plot (1)
- startle syndrome (1)
- stereolithography (1)
- stilbenes (1)
- stingless bee (1)
- stochastic factors (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- strained promoted cycloadditon (1)
- strategic site selection (1)
- structure activity relationship (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- sub-tomogram averaging (1)
- subsistence agriculture (1)
- substrate channeling (1)
- substrate-binding site (1)
- sugar transport (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- supralinear potentiation (1)
- suricates (1)
- survival (1)
- survival rate (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- sustainable development goals (SDGs) (1)
- swarming (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1)
- synapse (1)
- synaptic signaling (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- szentiamide (1)
- t-cluster (1)
- t-invariant (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tRNA Gene (1)
- tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (1)
- tRackIT (1)
- tafazzin (1)
- taphonom (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- targeting signal (1)
- tauopathies (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- teaching tool (1)
- technology acceptance model (TAM) (1)
- temperate forest (1)
- template bias (1)
- template matching (1)
- temsirolimus (1)
- teratoma (1)
- termite biology (1)
- termite mounds (1)
- termitières (1)
- terpene synthases (1)
- terrestrial mammal (1)
- terrestrial vertebrates (1)
- tetR (1)
- text mining (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- thermal-melanism hypothesis (1)
- thermoadaptation (1)
- thermometers (1)
- thermophile (1)
- thermophiles (1)
- therophytes (1)
- theta oscillations (1)
- thiolation domain (1)
- threatened cliff plant species (1)
- threats (1)
- thylakoid (1)
- thylakoid kinases (1)
- thylakoid membrane biogenesis (1)
- thérophytes (1)
- tight junctions (1)
- timber (1)
- tinnitus (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- topology (1)
- total synthesis (1)
- toxicity (1)
- trait evolution (1)
- traits (1)
- trans/cis ratio (1)
- transactivation (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomic (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transient regulation (1)
- transition invariant (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- translocation (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- transport (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree moss (1)
- trehalose (1)
- triacylglycerides (1)
- trisporic acids (1)
- tritrophic interaction (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropics (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- tumor cell proliferation (1)
- tumor immunology (1)
- tumor microenviroment (1)
- tumor model (1)
- twilight zone (1)
- two factor model of environmental values model (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- type IV pili (1)
- type IV pilus (1)
- type species (1)
- ultra-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- universal (1)
- university students (1)
- unselected segregation (1)
- usage (1)
- user and staff training (1)
- user/staff/instrument ratio (1)
- utilisations (1)
- valeurs indicatrices (1)
- validity (1)
- valproic acid (1)
- variance partitioning (1)
- vascular integrity (1)
- vascular remodeling (1)
- vaults (1)
- vector (1)
- vegetation cover (1)
- vegetation height (1)
- vegetation pattern (1)
- vesicle transport (1)
- video action classification (1)
- violacein (1)
- viruses (1)
- volatile (1)
- volatiles (1)
- voltage block (1)
- vulnerable marine ecosystems (1)
- warming (1)
- water contact angles (1)
- water security (1)
- web based training (1)
- white truffle (1)
- wildlife exposure (1)
- wine (1)
- wing geometric morphometrics (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- xenology (1)
- zinc finger (1)
- zinc finger protein (1)
- zoo (1)
- zoo elephants (1)
- zoological collections (1)
- Ökosystemingenieure (1)
- α-synuclein (1)
- β-Barrel Proteins (1)
- β-oxidation (1)
- ζ-Carotene (1)
- ‘Fixed direction’ responses (1)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (1131) (remove)
Highlights
• Three ecological groups were identified based on distributional patterns.
• Old assessments were confirmed with the latest occurrence data.
• For each group, we derived different population trends in times of global change.
• Global change elevates importance of vector-borne diseases.
• Our results serve as base for effective Simuliidae monitoring.
Abstract
The black fly genus Simulium includes medically and ecologically important species, characterized by a wide variation of ecological niches largely determining their distributional patterns. In a rapidly changing environment, species-specific niche characteristics determine whether a species benefits or not. With aquatic egg, larval and pupal stages followed by a terrestrial adult phase, their spatial arrangements depend upon the interplay of aquatic conditions and climatic-landscape parameters in the terrestrial realm. The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the distributional patterns among Simulium species and their ecological drivers. In an ecological niche modelling approach, we focused on 12 common black fly species with different ecological requirements. Our modelling was based on available distribution data along with five stream variables describing the climatic, land-cover, and topographic conditions of river catchments. The modelled freshwater habitat suitability was spatially interpolated to derive an estimate of the adult black flies' probability of occurrence. Based on similarities in the spatial patterns of modelled habitat suitability we were able to identify three biogeographical groups, which allows us to confirm old assessments with current occurrence data: (A) montane species, (B) broad range species and (C) lowland species. The five veterinary and human medical relevant species Simulium equinum, S. erythrocephalum, S. lineatum, S. ornatum and S. reptans are mainly classified in the lowland species group. In the course of climatic changes, it is expected that biocoenosis will slightly shift towards upstream regions, so that the lowland group will presumably emerge as the winner. This is mainly explained by wider ecological niches, including a higher temperature tolerance and tolerance to various pollutants. In conclusion, these findings have significant implications for human and animal health. As exposure to relevant Simulium species increases, it becomes imperative to remain vigilant, particularly in investigating the potential transmission of pathogens.
Determining the structure and mechanisms of all individual functional modules of cells at high molecular detail has often been seen as equal to understanding how cells work. Recent technical advances have led to a flush of high-resolution structures of various macromolecular machines, but despite this wealth of detailed information, our understanding of cellular function remains incomplete. Here, we discuss present-day limitations of structural biology and highlight novel technologies that may enable us to analyze molecular functions directly inside cells. We predict that the progression toward structural cell biology will involve a shift toward conceptualizing a 4D virtual reality of cells using digital twins. These will capture cellular segments in a highly enriched molecular detail, include dynamic changes, and facilitate simulations of molecular processes, leading to novel and experimentally testable predictions. Transferring biological questions into algorithms that learn from the existing wealth of data and explore novel solutions may ultimately unveil how cells work.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that link psychopathology and physical comorbidities in schizophrenia is crucial since decreased physical fitness and overweight pose major risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases and decrease the patients’ life expectancies. We hypothesize that altered reward anticipation plays an important role in this. We implemented the Monetary Incentive Delay task in a MR scanner and a fitness test battery to compare schizophrenia patients (SZ, n = 43) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 36) as to reward processing and their physical fitness. We found differences in reward anticipation between SZs and HCs, whereby increased activity in HCs positively correlated with overall physical condition and negatively correlated with psychopathology. On the other handy, SZs revealed stronger activity in the posterior cingulate cortex and in cerebellar regions during reward anticipation, which could be linked to decreased overall physical fitness. These findings demonstrate that a dysregulated reward system is not only responsible for the symptomatology of schizophrenia, but might also be involved in physical comorbidities which could pave the way for future lifestyle therapy interventions.
Highlights
• Seed size mediates seedling recruitment in tropical forests and pastures.
• Large-seeded species recruited better than small-seeded species in the forest.
• Recruitment of large-seeded species in pastures was limited by surface temperature.
• Large-seeded species should be protected against drought in regenerating pastures.
Abstract
Seedling recruitment is a key process of plant regeneration that often depends on plant functional traits, such as seed size. To optimize forest restoration efforts, we need to better understand how seedling recruitment of different seed sizes varies along environmental gradients with strong variation in abiotic and biotic factors. To understand these interacting effects, we conducted a sowing experiment with different-sized seeds in forests and pastures in the tropical mountains of southern Ecuador. We quantified seedling recruitment in relation to temperature, soil moisture and biotic pressures. We sowed seeds of five tree species of varying seed size at three elevations (1000, 2000 and 3000 m a.s.l.) in primary forest and pastures. We tested (1) how habitat type influences the recruitment of seedlings belonging to three small- and two large-seeded species, and (2) how abiotic and biotic factors limit seedling recruitment of species with different seed sizes. We found that seedlings of the two large-seeded species recruited better than seedlings of the three small-seeded species, but only in the forest habitat. Seedling recruitment of large seeds was primarily limited by high surface temperature, which explains lower recruitment of large seeds in pastures compared to forests. Our study shows that seed size can be a key trait mediating variability in seedling recruitment in tropical ecosystems. We conclude that restoration measures should aim to mitigate extreme temperatures in tropical pastures to aid the natural regeneration of large-seeded tree species.
Viruses that carry a positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) RNA translate their genomes soon after entering the host cell to produce viral proteins, with the exception of retroviruses. A distinguishing feature of retroviruses is reverse transcription, where the +ssRNA genome serves as a template to synthesize a double-stranded DNA copy that subsequently integrates into the host genome. As retroviral RNAs are produced by the host cell transcriptional machinery and are largely indistinguishable from cellular mRNAs, we investigated the potential of incoming retroviral genomes to directly express proteins. Here we show through multiple, complementary methods that retroviral genomes are translated after entry. Our findings challenge the notion that retroviruses require reverse transcription to produce viral proteins. Synthesis of retroviral proteins in the absence of productive infection has significant implications for basic retrovirology, immune responses and gene therapy applications.
It is widely acknowledged that biodiversity change is affecting human well-being by altering the supply of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Nevertheless, the role of individual species in this relationship remains obscure. In this article, we present a framework that combines the cascade model from ecosystem services research with network theory from community ecology. This allows us to quantitatively link NCP demanded by people to the networks of interacting species that underpin them. We show that this “network cascade” framework can reveal the number, identity and importance of the individual species that drive NCP and of the environmental conditions that support them. This information is highly valuable in demonstrating the importance of biodiversity in supporting human well-being and can help inform the management of biodiversity in social-ecological systems.
Earliella scabrosa is a pantropical species of Polyporales (Basidiomycota) and well-studied concerning its morphology and taxonomy. However, its pantropical intraspecific genetic diversity and population differentiation is unknown. We initiated this study to better understand the genetic variation within E. scabrosa and to test if cryptic species are present. Sequences of three DNA regions, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), and the translation elongation factor (EF1α) were analysed for 66 samples from 15 geographical locations. We found a high level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity, Hd = 0.88) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.006) across the known geographical range of E. scabrosa based on ITS sequences. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that the genetic variability is mainly found among geographical populations. The results of Mantel tests confirmed that the genetic distance among populations of E. scabrosa is positively correlated with the geographical distance, which indicates that geographical isolation is an important factor for the observed genetic differentiation. Based on phylogenetic analyses of combined dataset ITS-LSU-EF1α, the low intraspecific divergences (0–0.3%), and the Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis, E. scabrosa can be considered as a single species with five different geographical populations. Each population might be in the process of allopatric divergence and in the long-term they may evolve and become distinct species.
Meliolales (black mildews) is an order of plant parasitic ascomycetous fungi in the tropics and subtropics. They are frequently overgrown and parasitized by other fungi, known as hyperparasites. During the last few years, species of hyperparasitic fungi on Meliolales have been collected in Benin and Panama. A new species of Paranectria and seven new reports of hyperparasites of different systematic groups are presented here with detailed descriptions and illustrations, together with new data concerning fungal hosts and host plants. The new species is called Paranectria longiappendiculata, characterized by exceptionally long appendages carried by the ascospores. New records for Benin and Panama are Calloriopsis herpotricha, Dimerosporiella cephalosporii, Isthmospora glabra, Isthmospora trichophila, Malacaria meliolicola, Paranectriella hemileiae, and Paranectriella minuta. Calloriopsis herpotricha is recorded for Africa and D. cephalosporii and P. hemileiae for America for the first time, suggesting an apparently pantropical distribution. Findings show a blatant lack of investigation on hyperparasitic fungi in the tropics. The phylogenetic positions of three of these newly reported species, C. herpotricha, D. cephalosporii, and P. minuta, are shown based on the analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU), and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. These sequences were generated in the context of the present study for the first time.
Substantial progress in the field of neuroscience has been made from anaesthetized preparations. Ketamine is one of the most used drugs in electrophysiology studies, but how ketamine affects neuronal responses is poorly understood. Here, we used in vivo electrophysiology and computational modelling to study how the auditory cortex of bats responds to vocalisations under anaesthesia and in wakefulness. In wakefulness, acoustic context increases neuronal discrimination of natural sounds. Neuron models predicted that ketamine affects the contextual discrimination of sounds regardless of the type of context heard by the animals (echolocation or communication sounds). However, empirical evidence showed that the predicted effect of ketamine occurs only if the acoustic context consists of low-pitched sounds (e.g., communication calls in bats). Using the empirical data, we updated the naïve models to show that differential effects of ketamine on cortical responses can be mediated by unbalanced changes in the firing rate of feedforward inputs to cortex, and changes in the depression of thalamo-cortical synaptic receptors. Combined, our findings obtained in vivo and in silico reveal the effects and mechanisms by which ketamine affects cortical responses to vocalisations.
The brains of black 6 mice (Mus musculus) and Seba’s short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata) weigh roughly the same and share mammalian neocortical laminar architecture. Bats have highly developed sonar calls and social communication and are an excellent neuroethological animal model for auditory research. Mice are olfactory and somatosensory specialists, used frequently in auditory neuroscience for their advantage of standardization and wide genetic toolkit. This study presents an analytical approach to overcome the challenge of inter-species comparison with existing data. In both data sets, we recorded with linear multichannel electrodes down the depth of the primary auditory cortex (A1) while presenting repetitive stimuli trains at ~5 and ~40 Hz to awake bats and mice. We found that while there are similarities between cortical response profiles in both, there was a better signal to noise ratio in bats under these conditions, which allowed for a clearer following response to stimuli trains. Model fit analysis supported this, illustrating that bats had stronger response amplitude suppression to consecutive stimuli. Additionally, continuous wavelet transform revealed that bats had significantly stronger power and phase coherence during stimulus response and mice had stronger power in the background. Better signal to noise ratio and lower intertrial phase variability in bats could represent specialization for faster and more accurate temporal processing at lower metabolic costs. Our findings demonstrate a potentially different general auditory processing principle; investigating such differences may increase our understanding of how the ecological need of a species shapes the development and function of its nervous system.
Parallel multisite recordings in the visual cortex of trained monkeys revealed that the responses of spatially distributed neurons to natural scenes are ordered in sequences. The rank order of these sequences is stimulus-specific and maintained even if the absolute timing of the responses is modified by manipulating stimulus parameters. The stimulus specificity of these sequences was highest when they were evoked by natural stimuli and deteriorated for stimulus versions in which certain statistical regularities were removed. This suggests that the response sequences result from a matching operation between sensory evidence and priors stored in the cortical network. Decoders trained on sequence order performed as well as decoders trained on rate vectors but the former could decode stimulus identity from considerably shorter response intervals than the latter. A simulated recurrent network reproduced similarly structured stimulus-specific response sequences, particularly once it was familiarized with the stimuli through non-supervised Hebbian learning. We propose that recurrent processing transforms signals from stationary visual scenes into sequential responses whose rank order is the result of a Bayesian matching operation. If this temporal code were used by the visual system it would allow for ultrafast processing of visual scenes.
In order to effectively address global environmental problems, it is important that future decision-makers in society are aware of the safe operation space for humans, which is limited by the planetary boundaries. Until now, however, there has been a lack of international studies examining how the planet's boundaries are perceived. In this study, we investigated how students of environmental and sustainability studies in 35 countries (n = 4140) assess the planetary boundaries. Based on the rating, using spectral clustering, the 35 countries were assigned to five different clusters. Four indicators (Human Development Index, Legatum Prosperity Index, Natural Resources Income and Forest Area) were used to provide explanations for the clustering result. The indices allow a distinction between the clusters and provide initial explanations for the clustering. The results provide important insights for today's decision-makers, as possible measures for action in the individual countries can be derived from the findings.
Engineering of thioesterase YciA from Haemophilus influenzae for production of carboxylic acids
(2023)
Acyl-CoA-thioesterases, which hydrolyze acyl-CoA-esters and thereby release the respective acid, have essential functions in cellular metabolism and have also been used to produce valuable compounds in biotechnological processes. Thioesterase YciA originating from Haemophilus influenzae has been previously used to produce specific dicarboxylic acids from CoA-bound intermediates of the ethylmalonyl CoA pathway (EMCP) in Methylorubrum extorquens. In order to identify variants of the YciA enzyme with the capability to hydrolyze so far inaccessible CoA-esters of the EMCP or with improved productivity, we engineered the substrate-binding region of the enzyme. Screening a small semi-rational mutant library directly in M. extorquens yielded the F35L variant which showed a drastic product level increase for mesaconic acid (6.4-fold) and 2-methylsuccinic acid (4.4-fold) compared to the unaltered YciA enzyme. Unexpectedly, in vitro enzyme assays using respective M. extorquens cell extracts or recombinantly produced thioesterases could not deliver congruent data, as the F35L variant showed strongly reduced activity in these experiments. However, applied in an Escherichia coli production strain, the protein variant again outperformed the wild-type enzyme by allowing threefold increased 3-hydroxybutyric acid product titers. Saturation mutagenesis of the codon for position 35 led to the identification of another highly efficient YciA variant and enabled structure-function interpretations. Our work describes an important module for dicarboxylic acid production with M. extorquens and can guide future thioesterase improvement approaches.
Methylorubrum extorquens is an important model methylotroph and has enormous potential for the development of C1-based microbial cell factories. During strain construction, regulated promoters with a low background expression level are important genetic tools for expression of potentially toxic genes. Here we present an accordingly optimised promoter, which can be used for that purpose. During construction and testing of terpene production strains harbouring a recombinant mevalonate pathway, strong growth defects were observed which made strain development impossible. After isolation and characterisation of suppressor mutants, we discovered a variant of the cumate-inducible promoter PQ2148 used in this approach. Deletion of 28 nucleotides resulted in an extremely low background expression level, but also reduced the maximal expression strength to about 30% of the original promoter. This tightly repressed promoter version is a powerful module for controlled expression of potentially toxic genes in M. extorquens.
Establishing and maintaining protected areas (PAs) is a key action in delivering post-2020 biodiversity targets. PAs often need to meet multiple objectives, ranging from biodiversity protection to ecosystem service provision and climate change mitigation, but available land and conservation funding is limited. Therefore, optimizing resources by selecting the most beneficial PAs is vital. Here, we advocate for a flexible and transparent approach to selecting PAs based on multiple objectives, and illustrate this with a decision support tool on a global scale. The tool allows weighting and prioritization of different conservation objectives according to user-specified preferences as well as real-time comparison of the outcome. Applying the tool across 1,346 terrestrial PAs, we demonstrate that decision makers frequently face trade-offs among conflicting objectives, e.g., between species protection and ecosystem integrity. Nevertheless, we show that transparent decision support tools can reveal synergies and trade-offs associated with PA selection, thereby helping to illuminate and resolve land-use conflicts embedded in divergent societal and political demands and values.
Attitude polarization describes an increasing attitude difference between groups and is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional phenomenon. However, a unified framework to study polarization across multiple dimensions is lacking. We introduce the attitudinal space framework (ASF) to fully quantify attitudinal diversity. We highlight two key measures—attitudinal extremization and attitudinal dispersion—to quantify across- and within-group attitudinal patterns. First, we show that affective polarization in the US electorate is weaker than previously thought based on mean differences alone: in both Democrat and Republican partisans, attitudinal dispersion increased between 1988 and 2008. Second, we examined attitudes toward wolves in Germany. Despite attitude differences between regions with and without wolves, we did not find differences in attitudinal extremization or dispersion, suggesting only weak attitude polarization. These results illustrate how the ASF is applicable to a wide range of social systems and offers an important avenue to understanding societal transformations.
Branching allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers of other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity of nervous systems. Neuronal arbors have geometric properties such as branch lengths and diameters that are optimal in that they maximize signaling speeds while minimizing construction costs. In this work, we asked whether neuronal arbors have topological properties that may also optimize their growth or function. We discovered that for a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate neurons the distributions of their subtree sizes follow power laws, implying that they are scale invariant. The power-law exponent distinguishes different neuronal cell types. Postsynaptic spines and branchlets perturb scale invariance. Through simulations, we show that the subtree-size distribution depends on the symmetry of the branching rules governing arbor growth and that optimal morphologies are scale invariant. Thus, the subtree-size distribution is a topological property that recapitulates the functional morphology of dendrites.
In natural environments, background noise can degrade the integrity of acoustic signals, posing a problem for animals that rely on their vocalizations for communication and navigation. A simple behavioral strategy to combat acoustic interference would be to restrict call emissions to periods of low-amplitude or no noise. Using audio playback and computational tools for the automated detection of over 2.5 million vocalizations from groups of freely vocalizing bats, we show that bats (Carollia perspicillata) can dynamically adapt the timing of their calls to avoid acoustic jamming in both predictably and unpredictably patterned noise. This study demonstrates that bats spontaneously seek out temporal windows of opportunity for vocalizing in acoustically crowded environments, providing a mechanism for efficient echolocation and communication in cluttered acoustic landscapes.
Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a species-rich genus with approximately 2000 species known worldwide. In Central America, however, information about the species of this genus is sparse, despite the generally high biodiversity in this region. Recently, 124 specimens of Entoloma were collected in Panama, Chiriquí Province. In the present publication, the morphology of 20 species represented by more than one specimen is described and depicted with photographs, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. Molecular phylograms based on ITS or concatenated ITS and partial nc LSU rDNA sequences are provided. The taxonomic status of these species is evaluated and 17 species of Entoloma are described as new to science. Only one species could be assigned to an already known species, viz. Entoloma belouvense. Nolanea albertinae, described from Brazil, appeared similar and is combined in E. belouvense on varietal level. The identifications of two further species are uncertain. At least 30 other species, including potentially new species, cannot formally be described due to insufficient material. A preliminary key to the species of the genus Entoloma in Panama is provided. The spatial shape of the polyhedroid basidiospores of Entoloma spp. is discussed based on literature and the micrographs generated for the present study. Our re-evaluations indicate that the type of polyhedroid basidiospore and the structure of its base are not reliable as diagnostic characters for the delimitation of subgenera in Entoloma.
The filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina is a well-established model system to study organismic aging. Its senescence syndrome has been investigated for more than fifty years and turned out to have a strong mitochondrial etiology. Several different mitochondrial pathways were demonstrated to affect aging and lifespan. Here, we present an update of the literature focusing on the cooperative interplay between different processes.
Detailed information on species temperature preferences are needed to measure the effects of global warming on species and communities in European rivers. However, information currently available in the literature on taxon-specific temperature preferences or temperature tolerances is very heterogeneous and therefore not well suited for forecasting purposes. To close this gap, we derived so-called ’central temperature tendencies’ (CTTt values) for benthic invertebrate species. For this end, 547 species and temperature data from regional monitoring programmes in Germany collected at 4249 sites were analysed. Due to the vulnerability of species to high
temperatures, CTTt values were calculated for mean summer temperatures, following a robust approach of calculating a weighted average based on temperature classes. Derived CTTt values correspond well to species temperature preferences as reported in literature as long as the latter were homogeneous in terms of how they were derived and which temperature reference was at focus. Based on taxon-specific CTTt values, a community value, CTTCom, was calculated for each benthic invertebrate sample. CTTCom values were validated by correlation with mean summer water temperatures. As the slope a of the linear regression model between CTTCom values and measured summer temperatures was comparatively low (a = 0.49), a correction function was derived in order to optimise the relation between both. This was crucial, because it is assumed that although CTTt was derived solely from taxa abundances within summer temperature classes, CTTCom not only reflects the effect of (summer) water temperature itself, but also corresponds to a temperature equivalent value, which describes the overall quality of all respiration-relevant aquatic summer habitat conditions that determine the metabolism of respective benthic invertebrates. By comparing this equivalent value with water temperatures measured in the year previous of sampling, statements can be made about the influence of flow conditions and other factors determining oxygen availability.
Thus, CTTCom reflects the mean aerobic scope of the overall benthic invertebrate fauna: the better the respiration conditions for rheophilic species with high oxygen demand, the larger the aerobic scope and the lower CTTCom.
The approach taken in our study is promising and provides a tool to track and even project past, present, and future impacts of global warming on benthic invertebrates in rivers based on measured values of respiratory relevant environmental variables. We encourage all stakeholders in the field of freshwater ecology to test this
Reprogramming biosynthetic assembly-lines is a topic of intense interest. This is unsurprising as the scaffolds of most antibiotics in current clinical use are produced by such pathways. The modular nature of assembly-lines provides a direct relationship between the sequence of enzymatic domains and the chemical structure of the product, but rational reprogramming efforts have been met with limited success. To gain greater insight into the design process, we wanted to examine how Nature creates assembly-lines and searched for biosynthetic pathways that might represent evolutionary transitions. By examining the biosynthesis of the anti-tubercular wollamides, we uncover how whole gene duplication and neofunctionalization can result in pathway bifurcation. We show that, in the case of the wollamide biosynthesis, neofunctionalization is initiated by intragenomic recombination. This pathway bifurcation leads to redundancy, providing the genetic robustness required to enable large structural changes during the evolution of antibiotic structures. Should the new product be non-functional, gene loss can restore the original genotype. However, if the new product confers an advantage, depreciation and eventual loss of the original gene creates a new linear pathway. This provides the blind watchmaker equivalent to the design, build, test cycle of synthetic biology.
Cardiolipin, the mitochondria marker lipid, is crucially involved in stabilizing the inner mitochondrial membrane and is vital for the activity of mitochondrial proteins and protein complexes. Directly targeting cardiolipin by a chemical-biology approach and thereby altering the cellular concentration of “available” cardiolipin eventually allows to systematically study the dependence of cellular processes on cardiolipin availability. In the present study, physics-based coarse-grained free energy calculations allowed us to identify the physical and chemical properties indicative of cardiolipin selectivity and to apply these to screen a compound database for putative cardiolipin-binders. The membrane binding properties of the 22 most promising molecules identified in the in silico approach were screened in vitro, using model membrane systems finally resulting in the identification of a single molecule, CLiB (CardioLipin-Binder). CLiB clearly affects respiration of cardiolipin-containing intact bacterial cells as well as of isolated mitochondria. Thus, the structure and function of mitochondrial membranes and membrane proteins might be (indirectly) targeted and controlled by CLiB for basic research and, potentially, also for therapeutic purposes.
Size and shape variation of molar crowns in primates plays an important role in understanding how species adapted to their environment. Gorillas are commonly considered to be folivorous primates because they possess sharp cusped molars which are adapted to process fibrous leafy foods. However, the proportion of fruit in their diet can vary significantly depending on their habitats. While tooth morphology can tell us what a tooth is capable of processing, tooth wear can help us to understand how teeth have been used during mastication. The objective of this study is to explore if differences in diet at the subspecies level can be detected by the analysis of molar macrowear. We analysed a large sample of second lower molars of Grauer’s, mountain and western lowland gorilla by combining the Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis method with other dental measurements. We found that Grauer’s and western lowland gorillas are characterised by a macrowear pattern indicating a larger intake of fruit in their diet, while mountain gorilla’s macrowear is associated with the consumption of more folivorous foods. We also found that the consumption of herbaceous foods is generally associated with an increase in dentine and enamel wear, confirming the results of previous studies.
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is an important model organism in biology and agricultural research with high economic relevance. However, information about its embryonic development is still sparse. We share nine long-term live imaging datasets acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy (484.5 h total recording time, 373 995 images, 256 Gb) with the scientific community. Six datasets show the embryonic development in toto for about 60 hours at 30 minutes intervals along four directions in three spatial dimensions, covering approximately 97% of the entire embryonic development period. Three datasets focus on germ cell formation and head involution. All imaged embryos hatched morphologically intact. Based on these data, we suggest a two-level staging system that functions as a morphogenetic framework for upcoming studies on medfly. Our data supports research on wild-type or aberrant morphogenesis, quantitative analyses, comparative approaches to insect development as well as studies related to pest control. Further, they can be used to test advanced image processing approaches or to train machine learning algorithms and/or neuronal networks.
Oaks may contribute to the stabilization of European forests under climate change. We utilized two common gardens established in contrasting growth regimes, in Greece (Olympiada) and Germany (Schwanheim), to compare the diurnal photosynthetic performance of a Greek and an Italian provenance of two Mediterranean oaks (Quercus pubescens and Q. frainetto) during the 2019 growing season. Although the higher radiation in the southern common garden led to a strong midday depression of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, performance index on absorption basis), comparable light-saturated net photosynthetic rates were achieved in both study areas. Moreover, both species and provenances exhibited analogous responses. Q. pubescens had enhanced chlorophyll a fluorescence traits but similar photosynthetic rates compared to Q. frainetto, whereas the provenances did not differ. These findings indicate the high photosynthetic efficiency of both oaks under the current climate in Central Europe and their suitability for assisted migration schemes.
tRNAs are L-shaped RNA molecules of ~ 80 nucleotides that are responsible for decoding the mRNA and for the incorporation of the correct amino acid into the growing peptidyl-chain at the ribosome. They occur in all kingdoms of life and both their functions, and their structure are highly conserved. The L-shaped tertiary structure is based on a cloverleaf-like secondary structure that consists of four base paired stems connected by three to four loops. The anticodon base triplet, which is complementary to the sequence of the mRNA, resides in the anticodon loop whereas the amino acid is attached to the sequence CCA at the 3′-terminus of the molecule. tRNAs exhibit very stable secondary and tertiary structures and contain up to 10% modified nucleotides. However, their structure and function can also be maintained in the absence of nucleotide modifications. Here, we present the assignments of nucleobase resonances of the non-modified 77 nt tRNAIle from the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. We obtained assignments for all imino resonances visible in the spectra of the tRNA as well as for additional exchangeable and non-exchangeable protons and for heteronuclei of the nucleobases. Based on these assignments we could determine the chemical shift differences between modified and non-modified tRNAIle as a first step towards the analysis of the effect of nucleotide modifications on tRNA’s structure and dynamics.
Natural products have been proven to be important starting points for the development of new drugs. Bacteria in the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus produce antimicrobial compounds as secondary metabolites to compete with other organisms. Our study is the first comprehensive study screening the anti-protozoal activity of supernatants containing secondary metabolites produced by 5 Photorhabdus and 22 Xenorhabdus species against human parasitic protozoa, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania tropica and Trypanosoma cruzi, and the identification of novel bioactive antiprotozoal compounds using the easyPACId approach (easy Promoter Activated Compound Identification) method. Though not in all species, both bacterial genera produce antiprotozoal compounds effective on human pathogenic protozoa. The promoter exchange mutants revealed that antiprotozoal bioactive compounds produced by Xenorhabdus bacteria were fabclavines, xenocoumacins, xenorhabdins and PAX peptides. Among the bacteria assessed, only P. namnaoensis appears to have acquired amoebicidal property which is effective on E. histolytica trophozoites. These discovered antiprotozoal compounds might serve as starting points for the development of alternative and novel pharmaceutical agents against human parasitic protozoa in the future.
Mitochondria are dynamic eukaryotic organelles involved in a variety of essential cellular processes including the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species as well as in the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to aging and disease. Previous work with the ascomycete Podospora anserina demonstrated that mitochondrial morphotype as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure change during aging. The latter goes along with an age-dependent reorganization of the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a change from lamellar cristae to vesicular structures. Particularly from studies with yeast, it is known that besides the F1Fo-ATP-synthase and the phospholipid cardiolipin also the “mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system” (MICOS) complex, existing of the Mic60- and Mic10-subcomplex, is essential for proper cristae formation. In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanistic basis of age-related changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. We observed that MICOS subunits are coregulated at the posttranscriptional level. This regulation partially depends on the mitochondrial iAAA-protease PaIAP. Most surprisingly, we made the counterintuitive observation that, despite the loss of lamellar cristae and of mitochondrial impairments, the ablation of MICOS subunits (except for PaMIC12) leads to a pronounced lifespan extension. Moreover, simultaneous ablation of subunits of both MICOS subcomplexes synergistically increases lifespan, providing formal genetic evidence that both subcomplexes affect lifespan by different and at least partially independent pathways. At the molecular level, we found that ablation of Mic10-subcomplex components leads to a mitohormesis-induced lifespan extension, while lifespan extension of Mic60-subcomplex mutants seems to be controlled by pathways involved in the control of phospholipid homeostasis. Overall, our data demonstrate that both MICOS subcomplexes have different functions and play distinct roles in the aging process of P. anserina.
Nonmycorrhizal root-colonizing fungi are key determinants of plant growth, driving processes ranging from pathogenesis to stress alleviation. Evidence suggests that they might also facilitate host access to soil nutrients in a mycorrhiza-like manner, but the extent of their direct contribution to plant nutrition is unknown. To study how widespread such capacity is across root-colonizing fungi, we surveyed soils in nutrient-limiting habitats using plant baits to look for fungal community changes in response to nutrient conditions. We established a fungal culture collection and used Arabidopsis thaliana inoculation bioassays to assess the ability of fungi to facilitate host’s growth in the presence of organic nutrients unavailable to plants. Plant baits captured a representation of fungal communities extant in natural habitats and showed that nutrient limitation has little influence on community assembly. Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with 31 phylogenetically diverse fungi exhibited a consistent fungus-driven growth promotion when supplied with organic nutrients compared to untreated plants. However, direct phosphorus measurement and RNA-seq data did not support enhanced nutrient uptake but rather that growth effects may result from changes in the plant’s immune response to colonization. The widespread and consistent host responses to fungal colonization suggest that distinct, locally adapted nonmycorrhizal fungi affect plant performance across habitats.
IMPORTANCE: Recent studies have shown that root-associated fungi that do not engage in classical mycorrhizal associations can facilitate the hosts’ access to nutrients in a mycorrhiza-like manner. However, the generality of this capacity remains to be tested. Root-associated fungi are frequently deemed major determinants of plant diversity and performance, but in the vast majority of cases their ecological roles in nature remain unknown. Assessing how these plant symbionts affect plant productivity, diversity, and fitness is important to understanding how plant communities function. Recent years have seen important advances in the understanding of the main drivers of the diversity and structure of plant microbiomes, but a major challenge is still linking community properties with function. This study contributes to the understanding of the cryptic function of root-associated fungi by testing their ability to participate in a specific process: nutrient acquisition by plants.
Myocardial injury as induced by myocardial infarction results in tissue ischemia, which critically incepts cardiomyocyte death. Endothelial cells play a crucial role in restoring oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart. Latest advances in single-cell multi-omics, together with genetic lineage tracing, reveal a transcriptional and phenotypical adaptation to the injured microenvironment, which includes alterations in metabolic, mesenchymal, hematopoietic and pro-inflammatory signatures. The extent of transition in mesenchymal or hematopoietic cell lineages is still debated, but it is clear that several of the adaptive phenotypical changes are transient and endothelial cells revert back to a naïve cell state after resolution of injury responses. This resilience of endothelial cells to acute stress responses is important for preventing chronic dysfunction. Here, we summarize how endothelial cells adjust to injury and how this dynamic response contributes to repair and regeneration. We will highlight intrinsic and microenvironmental factors that contribute to endothelial cell resilience and may be targetable to maintain a functionally active, healthy microcirculation.
Besides transcription, RNA decay accounts for a large proportion of regulated gene expression and is paramount for cellular functions. Classical RNA surveillance pathways, like nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), are also implicated in the turnover of non-mutant transcripts. Whereas numerous protein factors have been assigned to distinct RNA decay pathways, the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to RNA turnover remains unknown. Here we identify the lncRNA CALA as a potent regulator of RNA turnover in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that CALA forms cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes with G3BP1 and regulates endothelial cell functions. A detailed characterization of these G3BP1-positive complexes by mass spectrometry identifies UPF1 and numerous other NMD factors having cytoplasmic G3BP1-association that is CALA-dependent. Importantly, CALA silencing impairs degradation of NMD target transcripts, establishing CALA as a non-coding regulator of RNA steady-state levels in the endothelium.
Specialized surveillance mechanisms are essential to maintain the genetic integrity of germ cells, which are not only the source of all somatic cells but also of the germ cells of the next generation. DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations are, therefore, not only detrimental for the individual but affect the entire species. In oocytes, the surveillance of the structural integrity of the DNA is maintained by the p53 family member TAp63α. The TAp63α protein is highly expressed in a closed and inactive state and gets activated to the open conformation upon the detection of DNA damage, in particular DNA double-strand breaks. To understand the cellular response to DNA damage that leads to the TAp63α triggered oocyte death we have investigated the RNA transcriptome of oocytes following irradiation at different time points. The analysis shows enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic and typical p53 target genes such as CDKn1a or Mdm2, concomitant with the activation of TAp63α. While DNA repair genes are not upregulated, inflammation-related genes become transcribed when apoptosis is initiated by activation of STAT transcription factors. Furthermore, comparison with the transcriptional profile of the ΔNp63α isoform from other studies shows only a minimal overlap, suggesting distinct regulatory programs of different p63 isoforms.
Biosynthesis of butyrate from methanol and carbon monoxide by recombinant Acetobacterium woodii
(2022)
Methanol is one of the most widely produced organic substrates from syngas and can serve as a bio-feedstock to cultivate acetogenic bacteria which allows a major contribution to reducing greenhouse gas. Acetobacterium woodii is one of the very few acetogens that can utilize methanol to produce acetate as sole product. Since A. woodii is genetically tractable, it is an interesting candidate to introduce recombinant pathways for production of bio-commodities from methanol. In this study, we introduced the butyrate production operon from a related acetogen, Eubacterium callanderi KIST612, into A. woodii and show a stable production of butyrate from methanol. This study also reveals how butyrate production by recombinant A. woodii strains can be enhanced with addition of electrons in the form of carbon monoxide. Our results not only show a stable expression system of non-native enzymes in A. woodii but also increase in the product spectrum of A. woodii to compounds with higher economic value.
Alternative splicing (AS) is a major mechanism for gene expression in eukaryotes, increasing proteome diversity but also regulating transcriptome abundance. High temperatures have a strong impact on the splicing profile of many genes and therefore AS is considered as an integral part of heat stress response. While many studies have established a detailed description of the diversity of the RNAome under heat stress in different plant species and stress regimes, little is known on the underlying mechanisms that control this temperature-sensitive process. AS is mainly regulated by the activity of splicing regulators. Changes in the abundance of these proteins through transcription and AS, post-translational modifications and interactions with exonic and intronic cis-elements and core elements of the spliceosomes modulate the outcome of pre-mRNA splicing. As a major part of pre-mRNAs are spliced co-transcriptionally, the chromatin environment along with the RNA polymerase II elongation play a major role in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing under heat stress conditions. Despite its importance, our understanding on the regulation of heat stress sensitive AS in plants is scarce. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge on the regulation of AS in plants under heat stress conditions. We discuss possible implications of different pathways based on results from non-plant systems to provide a perspective for researchers who aim to elucidate the molecular basis of AS under high temperatures.
Background: Long sequencing reads allow increasing contiguity and completeness of fragmented, short-read–based genome assemblies by closing assembly gaps, ideally at high accuracy. While several gap-closing methods have been developed, these methods often close an assembly gap with sequence that does not accurately represent the true sequence.
Findings: Here, we present DENTIST, a sensitive, highly accurate, and automated pipeline method to close gaps in short-read assemblies with long error-prone reads. DENTIST comprehensively determines repetitive assembly regions to identify reliable and unambiguous alignments of long reads to the correct loci, integrates a consensus sequence computation step to obtain a high base accuracy for the inserted sequence, and validates the accuracy of closed gaps. Unlike previous benchmarks, we generated test assemblies that have gaps at the exact positions where real short-read assemblies have gaps. Generating such realistic benchmarks for Drosophila (134 Mb genome), Arabidopsis (119 Mb), hummingbird (1 Gb), and human (3 Gb) and using simulated or real PacBio continuous long reads, we show that DENTIST consistently achieves a substantially higher accuracy compared to previous methods, while having a similar sensitivity.
Conclusion: DENTIST provides an accurate approach to improve the contiguity and completeness of fragmented assemblies with long reads. DENTIST's source code including a Snakemake workflow, conda package, and Docker container is available at https://github.com/a-ludi/dentist. All test assemblies as a resource for future benchmarking are at https://bds.mpi-cbg.de/hillerlab/DENTIST/.
Tick-borne diseases are a major health problem worldwide and could become even more important in Europe in the future. Due to changing climatic conditions, ticks are assumed to be able to expand their ranges in Europe towards higher latitudes and altitudes, which could result in an increased occurrence of tick-borne diseases.
There is a great interest to identify potential (new) areas of distribution of vector species in order to assess the future infection risk with vector-borne diseases, improve surveillance, to develop more targeted monitoring program, and, if required, control measures.
Based on an ecological niche modelling approach we project the climatic suitability for the three tick species Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus under current and future climatic conditions in Europe. These common tick species also feed on humans and livestock and are vector competent for a number of pathogens.
For niche modelling, we used a comprehensive occurrence data set based on several databases and publications and six bioclimatic variables in a maximum entropy approach. For projections, we used the most recent IPCC data on current and future climatic conditions including four different scenarios of socio-economic developments.
Our models clearly support the assumption that the three tick species will benefit from climate change with projected range expansions towards north-eastern Europe and wide areas in central Europe with projected potential co-occurrence.
A higher tick biodiversity and locally higher abundances might increase the risk of tick-borne diseases, although other factors such as pathogen prevalence and host abundances are also important.
The toxicity of microplastics on Daphnia magna as key model for freshwater zooplankton is well described. While several studies predict population-level effects based on short-term, individual-level responses, only very few have validated these predictions experimentally. Thus, we exposed D. magna populations to irregular polystyrene microplastics and diatomite as natural particle (both ≤63 µm) over 50 days. We used mixtures of both particle types at fixed particle concentrations (50,000 mL-1) and recorded the overall population density, the size of the individual animals, and resting egg production. Particle exposure adversely affected the population density and structure and induced resting egg production. The terminal population size was 31–42% lower in exposed compared to control populations. Interestingly, mixtures containing diatomite induced stronger effects than microplastics alone highlighting that natural particles are not per se less toxic than microplastics. Our results demonstrate that an exposure to synthetic and natural particles has negative population-level effects on zooplankton. Understanding the mixture toxicity of microplastics and natural particles is important given that aquatic organisms will experience exposure to both. Just as for chemical pollutants, better knowledge of such joint effects is essential to fully understand the environmental risks of complex particle mixtures.
Environmental Implications While microplastics are commonly considered hazardous based on individual-level effects, there is a dearth of information on how they affect populations. Since the latter is key for understanding the environmental impacts of microplastics, we investigated how particle exposures affect the population size and structure of Daphnia magna. In addition, we used mixtures of microplastics and natural particles because neither occurs alone in nature and joint effects can expected in an environmentally realistic scenario. We show that such mixtures adversely affect daphnid populations and highlight that population-level and mixture-toxicity designs are one important step towards more environmental realism in microplastics research.
Exploring the power of moth samples to reveal community patterns along shallow ecological gradients
(2022)
1. Analysing the effects of environmental variation on species assemblages is a key topic in community ecology. However, the outcome may strongly depend on the focal species group. Moths have often been used as the target in ecological studies due to their fast response to environmental change. Yet, some moth subgroups might be more sensitive than others to reflect environmental differences, depending on their functional and physiological characteristics.
2. We investigated which moth subsets are especially suitable to mirror responses to subtle variation in vegetation. We analysed the susceptibility of different subsets to local weather conditions and inter-annual fluctuations. Finally, we checked for the importance of including abundance information. We analysed moth communities (392 species, 23.870 individuals) at 60 sites within two Mediterranean forest reserves and investigated relationships between community composition and environment of (1) all moths (with and without taking abundances into account), and of subsets comprising only (2) small-sized species, (3) host-plant specialists, (4) moss, lichen and detritus feeding species, (5) ‘microlepidoptera’, (6) ‘macro-moths’ and (7) random subsets of 50, 100 and 200 species.
3. Incidence data performed similarly to abundance data in matrix regression models. Host plant specialists responded especially sensitive to small-scaled variation in vegetation composition. Macro-moth samples in contrast were highly prone to local weather conditions and to inter-annual abundance fluctuations. Accordingly, a focus on host-specialists and micro-moths is the best way to analyse relationships between shallow environmental gradients and insect communities.
Acinetobacter baumannii can thrive on a broad range of substrates such as sugars, alcohols, lipids, amino acids and aromatic compounds. The latter three are abundant in the human host and are potential candidates as carbon sources for the metabolic adaptation of A. baumannii to the human host. In this study we determined the biodegradative activities of A. baumannii AYE with monocyclic aromatic compounds. Deletion of genes encoding the key enzymes of the ß-ketoadipate pathway, the protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase (ΔpcaHG) and the catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (ΔcatA), led to a complete loss of growth on benzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate, suggesting that these substrates are metabolized via the two distinct branches (pca and cat) of this pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of these gene products in host adaptation by analyzing the capability of the mutants to resist complement-mediated killing. These studies revealed that the mutants exhibit a decreased complement resistance, but a dramatic increase in survival in normal human serum in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoate or protocatechuate. These results indicate that the ß-ketoadipate pathway plays a role in adaptation of A. baumannii to the human host. Moreover, the single and double mutants exhibited increased antibiotic resistances indicating a link between the two dioxygenases and antibiotic resistance.
The tremendous body of knowledge about genetics, cell biology, and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as its long history and robustness in industrial fermentations, have made this yeast one of the most popular microbial cell factories. Novel genetic tools have enabled the rapid construction of strains producing various platform chemicals, fuels, or pharmaceuticals. The relevance of synthetic biology approaches, such as the construction of fully synthetic genomes and artificial cellular compartments are not only relevant for biotechnological applications but can also lead to new insight into basic principles of life.
Energy-conserving dimethyl sulfoxide reduction in the acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica
(2022)
Moorella thermoacetica is one of the well-studied thermophilic acetogenic bacteria. It grows by oxidation of organic substrates, CO or H2 coupled to CO2 reduction to acetate. Here, we describe that M. thermoacetica can also use dimethyl sulfoxide as terminal electron acceptor. Growth of M. thermoacetica on glucose or H2 + CO2 was stimulated by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Membranes showed a DMSO reductase activity, that was induced by growing cells in presence of DMSO. The enzyme used reduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, benzyl- and methyl viologen as electron donor, but not NAD(P)H. Activity was highest at pH 5 and 60°C, the Km for DMSO was 2.4 mM. Potential DMSO reductase subunits were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting; they are encoded in a genomic region that contains three potential dmsA genes, three dmsB genes and one dmsC gene. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two different dmsAB gene clusters were induced in the presence of DMSO. The function of these two and their predicted biochemical features are discussed. In addition, the data are in line with the hypothesis that M. thermoacetica can use DMSO alongside CO2 as electron acceptor and DMSO reduction is catalysed by an energy-conserving, membrane-bound electron transport chain with DMSO as final electron acceptor.
Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity in cell and animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found in plastics. To gain a comprehensive understanding of plastics as a source of exposure to MDCs, we characterized the chemicals present in 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features and tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, the chemicals extracted from one-third of the products caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to proliferate, and differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger and contained more triglycerides than those treated with the reference compound rosiglitazone. Because the majority of plastic extracts did not activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the glucocorticoid receptor, the adipogenic effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely to be caused by unknown MDCs. Our study demonstrates that daily-use plastics contain potent mixtures of MDCs and can, therefore, be a relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing to obesity.
The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is crucial for the highly organized packaging and transcription of the genomic RNA. Studying atomic details of the role of its intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in RNA recognition is challenging due to the absence of structure and to the repetitive nature of their primary sequence. IDRs are known to act in concert with the folded domains of N and here we use NMR spectroscopy to identify the priming events of N interacting with a regulatory SARS-CoV-2 RNA element. 13C-detected NMR experiments, acquired simultaneously to 1H detected ones, provide information on the two IDRs flanking the N-terminal RNA binding domain (NTD) within the N-terminal region of the protein (NTR, 1–248). We identify specific tracts of the IDRs that most rapidly sense and engage with RNA, and thus provide an atom-resolved picture of the interplay between the folded and disordered regions of N during RNA interaction.
1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignment of the stem-loops 5b + c from the 5′-UTR of SARS-CoV-2
(2022)
The ongoing pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) virus. SCoV2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus. The 30 kb positive sense, single stranded RNA genome of SCoV2 features 5′- and 3′-genomic ends that are highly conserved among Betacoronaviruses. These genomic ends contain structured cis-acting RNA elements, which are involved in the regulation of viral replication and translation. Structural information about these potential antiviral drug targets supports the development of novel classes of therapeutics against COVID-19. The highly conserved branched stem-loop 5 (SL5) found within the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) consists of a basal stem and three stem-loops, namely SL5a, SL5b and SL5c. Both, SL5a and SL5b feature a 5′-UUUCGU-3′ hexaloop that is also found among Alphacoronaviruses. Here, we report the extensive 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignment of the 37 nucleotides (nts) long sequence spanning SL5b and SL5c (SL5b + c), as basis for further in-depth structural studies by solution NMR spectroscopy.
Background: The causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and its nonpathogenic relative, Trypanosoma rangeli, are transmitted by haematophagous triatomines and undergo a crucial ontogenetic phase in the insect’s intestine. In the process, the parasites interfere with the host immune system as well as the microbiome present in the digestive tract potentially establishing an environment advantageous for development. However, the coherent interactions between host, pathogen and microbiota have not yet been elucidated in detail. We applied a metagenome shotgun sequencing approach to study the alterations in the microbiota of Rhodnius prolixus, a major vector of Chagas disease, after exposure to T. cruzi and T. rangeli focusing also on the functional capacities present in the intestinal microbiome of the insect.
Results: The intestinal microbiota of R. prolixus was dominated by the bacterial orders Enterobacterales, Corynebacteriales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales and Chlamydiales, whereas the latter conceivably originated from the blood used for pathogen exposure. The anterior and posterior midgut samples of the exposed insects showed a reduced overall number of organisms compared to the control group. However, we also found enriched bacterial groups after exposure to T. cruzi as well as T rangeli. While the relative abundance of Enterobacterales and Corynebacteriales decreased considerably, the Lactobacillales, mainly composed of the genus Enterococcus, developed as the most abundant taxonomic group. This applies in particular to vectors challenged with T. rangeli and at early timepoints after exposure to vectors challenged with T. cruzi. Furthermore, we were able to reconstruct four metagenome-assembled genomes from the intestinal samples and elucidate their unique metabolic functionalities within the triatomine microbiome, including the genome of a recently described insect symbiont, Candidatus Symbiopectobacterium, and the secondary metabolites producing bacteria Kocuria spp.
Conclusions: Our results facilitate a deeper understanding of the processes that take place in the intestinal tract of triatomine vectors during colonisation by trypanosomal parasites and highlight the influential aspects of pathogen-microbiota interactions. In particular, the mostly unexplored metabolic capacities of the insect vector’s microbiome are clearer, underlining its role in the transmission of Chagas disease.
Complex peptide natural products exhibit diverse biological functions and a wide range of physico-chemical properties. As a result, many peptides have entered the clinics for various applications. Two main routes for the biosynthesis of complex peptides have evolved in nature: ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) biosynthetic pathways and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Insights into both bioorthogonal peptide biosynthetic strategies led to the establishment of universal principles for each of the two routes. These universal rules can be leveraged for the targeted identification of novel peptide biosynthetic blueprints in genome sequences and used for the rational engineering of biosynthetic pathways to produce non-natural peptides. In this review, we contrast the key principles of both biosynthetic routes and compare the different biochemical strategies to install the most frequently encountered peptide modifications. In addition, the influence of the fundamentally different biosynthetic principles on past, current and future engineering approaches is illustrated. Despite the different biosynthetic principles of both peptide biosynthetic routes, the arsenal of characterized peptide modifications encountered in RiPP and NRPS systems is largely overlapping. The continuous expansion of the biocatalytic toolbox of peptide modifying enzymes for both routes paves the way towards the production of complex tailor-made peptides and opens up the possibility to produce NRPS-derived peptides using the ribosomal route and vice versa.
The European Beech is the dominant climax tree in most regions of Central Europe and valued for its ecological versatility and hardwood timber. Even though a draft genome has been published recently, higher resolution is required for studying aspects of genome architecture and recombination. Here, we present a chromosome-level assembly of the more than 300 year-old reference individual, Bhaga, from the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park (Germany). Its nuclear genome of 541 Mb was resolved into 12 chromosomes varying in length between 28 and 73 Mb. Multiple nuclear insertions of parts of the chloroplast genome were observed, with one region on chromosome 11 spanning more than 2 Mb which fragments up to 54,784 bp long and covering the whole chloroplast genome were inserted randomly. Unlike in Arabidopsis thaliana, ribosomal cistrons are present in Fagus sylvatica only in four major regions, in line with FISH studies. On most assembled chromosomes, telomeric repeats were found at both ends, while centromeric repeats were found to be scattered throughout the genome apart from their main occurrence per chromosome. The genome-wide distribution of SNPs was evaluated using a second individual from Jamy Nature Reserve (Poland). SNPs, repeat elements and duplicated genes were unevenly distributed in the genomes, with one major anomaly on chromosome 4. The genome presented here adds to the available highly resolved plant genomes and we hope it will serve as a valuable basis for future research on genome architecture and for understanding the past and future of European Beech populations in a changing climate.
Calcium (Ca2+) elevation is an essential secondary messenger in many cellular processes, including disease progression and adaptation to external stimuli, e.g., gravitational load. Therefore, mapping and quantifying Ca2+ signaling with a high spatiotemporal resolution is a key challenge. However, particularly on microgravity platforms, experiment time is limited, allowing only a small number of replicates. Furthermore, experiment hardware is exposed to changes in gravity levels, causing experimental artifacts unless appropriately controlled. We introduce a new experimental setup based on the fluorescent Ca2+ reporter CaMPARI2, onboard LED arrays, and subsequent microscopic analysis on the ground. This setup allows for higher throughput and accuracy due to its retrograde nature. The excellent performance of CaMPARI2 was demonstrated with human chondrocytes during the 75th ESA parabolic flight campaign. CaMPARI2 revealed a strong Ca2+ response triggered by histamine but was not affected by the alternating gravitational load of a parabolic flight.
Animals use the geomagnetic field and astronomical cues to obtain compass information. The magnetic compass is not a uniform mechanism, as several functional modes have been described in different animal groups. The Sun compass requires the internal clock to interpret the position of the Sun. For star compass orientation, night-migrating birds seem to use the star pattern as a whole, without involving the internal clock. Both the astronomical compass mechanisms are based on learning processes to adapt them to the geographic latitude where the animals live and, in long-living animals, to compensate for the seasonal changes. Several mechanisms are used to determine the compass course to a goal. Using information collected during the outward journey is mostly done by path integration: recording the direction with a compass and integrating its twists and turns. Migratory animals have innate programs to guide them to their still unknown goal. Highly mobile animals with large ranges develop a so-called navigational ‘map’, a mental representation of the spatial distribution of navigational factors within their home region and their migration route. The nature of the factors involved is not yet entirely clear; magnetic intensity and inclination are the ones best supported so far.