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In the first part of the thesis we investigate Lyapunov exponents for general flat vector bundles over Riemann surfaces and we describe properties of Lyapunov exponents on special loci of the moduli space of flat vector bundles. In the second part of the thesis we show how the knowledge of Lyapunov exponent over a sporadic Teichmüller curve can be used to compute the algebraic equation of the associated universal family of curves.
This study was designed to characterize morphologic stages during neuroma development post amputation with an eye toward developing better treatment strategies that intervene before neuromas are fully formed. Right forelimbs of 30 Sprague Dawley rats were amputated and limb stumps were collected at 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90 Days Post Amputation (DPA). Morphology of newly formed nerves and neuromas were assessed via general histology and neurofilament protein antibody staining. Analysis revealed six morphological characteristics during nerve and neuroma development; 1) normal nerve, 2) degenerating axons, 3) axonal sprouts, 4) unorganized bundles of axons, 5) unorganized axon growth into muscles, and 6) unorganized axon growth into fibrotic tissue (neuroma). At early stages (3 & 7 DPA) after amputation, normal nerves could be identified throughout the limb stump and small areas of axonal sprouts were present near the site of injury. Signs of degenerating axons were evident from 7 to 90 DPA. From day 28 on, variability of nerve characteristics with signs of unorganized axon growth into muscle and fibrotic tissue and neuroma formation became visible in multiple areas of stump tissue. These pathological features became more evident on days 60 and 90. At 90 DPA frank neuroma formation was present in all stump tissue. By following nerve regrowth and neuroma formation after amputation we were able to identify 6 separate histological stages of nerve regrowth and neuroma development. Axonal regrowth was observed as early as 3 DPA and signs of unorganized axonal growth and neuroma formation were evident by 28 DPA. Based on these observations we speculate that neuroma treatment and or prevention strategies might be more successful if targeted at the initial stages of development and not after 28 DPA.
Este artigo procurou refletir sobre alguns aspectos teóricos acerca da Teoria do Reconhecimento desenvolvida por Axel Honneth. Herdeiro da tradição teórica do pensamento crítico frankfurtiano – do qual se destacam pensadores como Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse e Habermas –, Honneth propõe uma inovadora teoria normativa dos conflitos sociais. Como fio condutor de sua análise, emerge o argumento de que a evolução social está estruturada pelos conflitos morais dos sujeitos sociais, em busca do reconhecimento recíproco de suas identidades. Assim, ao desenvolver sua teoria, Honneth articula elementos da Teoria Crítica, da filosofia do jovem Hegel e da psicologia social de Mead. Este artigo tem justamente o ensejo de refletir sobre a teia conceitual sobre a qual Honneth fundamenta sua proposta teórica.
Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é tentar esclarecer o mal-estar causado por algumas leituras que muitas vezes despacham a influência e a presença constante de Hegel na obra de Adorno de forma muito breve e fácil, seja a partir da perspectiva antissistêmica da filosofia adorniana, ou então, desde a perspectiva negativa que a dialética assume em seu pensamento. Nesse sentido, pretendemos expor alguns pontos fundamentais da filosofia hegeliana, em relação aos quais Adorno se coloca claramente como herdeiro. Pretendemos mostrar que o filósofo de Frankfurt pensa não somente sobre estes pontos, mas também a partir deles, i.e., superando-os.
Object recognition is such an everyday task it seems almost mundane. We look at the spaces around us and name things seemingly effortlessly. Yet understanding how the process of object recognition unfolds is a great challenge to vision science. Models derived from abstract stimuli have little predictive power for the way people explore "naturalistic" scenes and the objects in them. Naturalistic here refers to unaltered photographs of real scenes. This thesis therefore focusses on the process of recognition of the objects in such naturalistic scenes. People can, for instance, find objects in scenes much more efficiently than models derived from abstract stimuli would predict. To explain this kind of behavior, we describe scenes not solely in terms of physical characteristics (colors, contrasts, lines, orientations, etc.) but by the meaning of the whole scene (kitchen, street, bathroom, etc.) and of the objects within the scene (oven, fire hydrant, soap, etc.). Object recognition now refers to the process of the visual system assigning meaning to the object.
The relationship between objects in a naturalistic scene is far from random. Objects do not typically float in mid-air and cannot take up the same physical space. Moreover, certain scenes typically contain certain objects. A fire hydrant in the kitchen would seem like an anomaly to the average observer. These "rules" can be described as the "grammar" of the scene. Scene grammar is involved in multiple aspects of scene- and object perception. There is, for instance, evidence that overall scene category influences identification of individual objects. Typically, experiments that directly target object recognition do not involve eye movements and studies that involve eye movements are not directly aimed at object recognition, but at gaze allocation. But eye movements are abundant in everyday life, they happen roughly 4 times per second. Here we therefore present two studies that use eye movements to investigate when object recognition takes place while people move their eyes from object to object in a scene. The third study is aimed at the application of novel methods for analyzing data from combined eye movement and neurophysiology (EEG) measurements.
One way to study object perception is to violate the grammar of a scene by placing an object in a scene it does not typically occur in and measuring how long people look at the so-called semantic inconsistency, compared to an object that one would expect in the given scene. Typically, people look at semantic inconsistencies longer and more often, signaling that it requires extra processing. In Study 1 we make use of this behavior to ask whether object recognition still happens when it is not necessary for the task. We designed a search task that made it unnecessary to register object identities. Still, participants looked at the inconsistent objects longer than consistent objects, signaling they did indeed process object and scene identities. Interestingly, the inconsistent objects were not remembered better than the consistent ones. We conclude that object and scene identities (their semantics) are processed in an obligatory fashion; when people are involved in a task that does not require it. In Study 2, we investigate more closely when the first signs of object semantic processing are visible while people make eye movements.
Although the finding that semantic inconsistencies are looked at longer and more often has been replicated often, many of these replications look at gaze duration over a whole trial. The question when during a trial differences between consistencies occur, has yielded mixed results. Some studies only report effects of semantic consistency that accumulate over whole trials, whereas others report influences already on the duration of the very first fixations on inconsistent objects. In study 2 we argue that prior studies reporting first fixation duration may have suffered from methodological shortcomings, such as low trial- and sample sizes, in addition to the use of non-robust statistics and data descriptions. We show that a subset of fixations may be influenced more than others (as is indicated by more skewed fixation duration distributions). Further analyses show that the relationship between the effect of object semantics on fixation durations and its effect on oft replicated cumulative measures is not straightforward (fixation duration distributions do not predict dwell effects) but the effect on both measures may be related in a different way. Possibly, the processing of object meaning unfolds over multiple fixations, only when one fixation does not suffice. However, it would be very valuable to be able to study how processing continues, after a fixation ends.
Study 3 aims to make such a measure possible by combining EEG recordings with eye tracking measurements. Difficulties in analyzing eye tracking–EEG data exist because neural responses vary with different eye movements characteristics. Moreover, fixations follow one another in short succession, causing neural responses to each fixation to overlap in time. These issues make the well-established approach of averaging single trial EEG data into ERPs problematic. As an alternative, we propose the use of multiple regression, explicitly modelling both temporal overlap and eye movement parameters. In Study 3 we show that such a method successfully estimates the influence of covariates it is meant to control for. Moreover, we discuss and explore what additional covariates may be modeled and in what way, in order to obtain confound-free estimates of EEG differences between conditions. One important finding is that stimulus properties of physically variable stimuli such as complex scenes, can influence EEG signals and deserve close consideration during experimental design or modelling efforts. Overall, the method compares favorably to averaging methods.
From the studies in this thesis, we directly learn that object recognition is a process that happens in an obligatory fashion, when the task does not require it. We also learn that only a subset of first fixations to objects are affected by the processing of object meaning and its fit to its surroundings. Comparison between first fixation and first dwell effects suggest that, in active vision, object semantics processing sometimes unfolds over multiple fixations. And finally, we learn that regression-based methods for combined eye tracking-EEG analysis provide a plausible way forward for investigating how object recognition unfolds in active vision.
Vorwort
(2018)
Die zwölfte Ausgabe der Aussiger Beiträge fokussiert auf regionale und historische Identitäten und die Frage, ob und wie die historische Diskontinuität in der Selbstdarstellung und Konstruktion von dieser/n Identität(en) in den Grenzregionen Tschechiens reflektiert wird. Städte, Gemeinden, Vereine, aber auch Firmen samt ihrer berühmten Marken werden als relativ beständige Subjekte inszeniert, deren Image oft auf ihrer Tradition beruht. Der an manchen Orten in den Grenzregionen Tschechiens fast vollständige Bevölkerungsaustausch bedeutete für die davon betroffenen Städte, Institutionen oder Firmen einen beträchtlichen Einschnitt in die Kontinuität ihrer Entwicklung. In diesem Zusammenhang sind insbesondere folgende Fragen von Bedeutung: Wie gehen die Städte, Gemeinden, Vereine und Firmen mit dem Thema Vertreibung und der Diskontinuität ihrer Geschichte um? Wie wird ihre Selbstdarstellung in den repräsentativen historischen Publikationen, Informations- und Propagationsmaterialien und öffentlichen Feierlichkeiten durch die Diskontinuität des Bevölkerungstransfers geprägt? Und wie werden dabei auch ihre Darstellungen in Stadtromanen, Regionalliteratur usw. genutzt und (um)gedeutet?
Aglaja Veteranyis Roman "Warum das Kind in der Polenta kocht" (1999) thematisiert die misslungene Integration der Ich-Erzählerin, einer Zirkusnomadin, die in der materiell gesicherten Umgebung der neuen Heimat Schweiz als Künstlerin Fuß zu fassen versucht. Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Rolle die Emotionen bei der Gestaltung von Identität und Heimaträumen spielen und inwiefern sich die neue, vielversprechende Heimat für die Hauptfigur nach und nach als 'unheimlich' herausstellt. Parallel dazu wird im Text den Spuren von innerer Verunsicherung und Angst sowie der Gewalttätigkeit in der Familie nachgegangen, die allmählich durch die Freilegung der verdrängten Kindheitserinnerungen der Ich-Erzählerin 'zur Sprache gebracht' werden und dazu führen, dass sich das auf den ersten Blick positiv konnotierte Gegenbild zur Schweiz - das Bild der rumänischen 'Zirkus-Heimat' - schließlich ebenfalls als 'unheimliche Heimat' entpuppt.
Die Tuberkulose ist eine der bedeutendsten Infektionskrankheiten weltweit. In Deutschland spielt sie eine untergeordnete Rolle und betrifft hauptsächlich Risikogruppen. Bisher wurde noch keine mehrere Jahre umfassende Arbeit zur Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose anhand molekularbiologischer Faktoren in einer deutschen Stadt veröffentlicht. In dieser Arbeit wurden mittels 24-loci MIRU-VNTR und Spoligotypisierung die Mykobakterienstämme von Patienten in Frankfurt am Main aus dem Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2016 genetisch typisiert und aus Fällen mit übereinstimmendem DNA-Fingerabdruck bestehende molekulare Cluster identifiziert, um in Zusammenschau mit epidemiologischen Patientendaten die Übertragungswege in Frankfurt am Main besser zu verstehen. Dabei wurden mittels logistischer Regression Risikofaktoren für Clusterzugehörigkeit identifiziert, einzelne Cluster auf epidemiologische Plausibilität hin untersucht und die Bedeutung der Tuberkulose vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Migration beschrieben.
Insgesamt wurden im Studienzeitraum 61 molekulare Cluster identifiziert. Der Clusteranteil (28,6%) und der Anteil rezenter Übertragung (18,7%) lagen in der Größenordnung anderer Niedriginzidenzländer. Es dominierten kleine Cluster, nur vereinzelt kam es zu Infektionsketten mit mehr als 3 Fällen. Obwohl 81% der Patienten aus dem Ausland stammten und nur 19% aus Deutschland, hatten Migranten ein signifikant niedrigeres Risiko, einem Cluster anzugehören als Deutsche. Unter den Clustern bestanden 42,6% sowohl aus Patienten deutscher als auch Patienten nichtdeutscher Herkunft. Im Ausland geborene Patienten in gemischten Clustern lebten zum Diagnosezeitpunkt durchschnittlich bereits 10 Jahre in Deutschland und stammten mehrheitlich aus europäischen Ländern. Eine TB-Übertragung von kürzlich eingewanderten Patienten auf einheimische Bürger fand in begrenztem Umfang statt, begründet aber keine Ängste vor einer erhöhten Gefährdung der in Deutschland geborenen Bevölkerung im Hinblick auf die Tuberkulose in Frankfurt am Main.
Nur 9,8% der molekularen Cluster konnten epidemiologisch bestätigt werden. Infektionswege, die über das familiäre Umfeld oder bestimmte Risikomilieus (Drogen, Obdachlosigkeit) hinausgehen, ließen sich anamnestisch nur schwer erfassen. Männer, in Deutschland geborene Personen und iv-drogenabhängige Personen wiesen ein erhöhtes Risiko auf, sich vor Ort mit Tuberkulose zu infizieren oder die Erkrankung auf andere zu übertragen. Dies trifft vermutlich auch auf andere deutsche Großstädte zu und betont die Notwendigkeit einer Integration von iv-Drogenabhängigen in die medizinische Regelversorgung und die Bedeutung einer Zusammenarbeit von öffentlichem Gesundheitsdienst und entsprechenden Hilfseinrichtungen.
Es ist von einer Überschätzung des Clusteranteils mittels 24-loci MIRU-VNTR auszugehen, weshalb für zukünftige Arbeiten die feinere Typisierung und somit eine zuverlässigere Identifikation von Clustern mittels Whole Genome Sequencing wünschenswert ist. Für die bundesweite Verbesserung der TB-Kontrolle ist weiterhin eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Gesundheitsämtern erforderlich. Um zu untersuchen, wie sich die TB-Epidemiologie von Frankfurt am Main im bundesweiten Vergleich darstellt, sind ähnlich angelegte Arbeiten aus anderen deutschen Großstädten notwendig.
Perception, particularly in the visual domain, is drastically influenced by rhythmic changes in ambient lighting conditions. Anticipation of daylight changes by the circadian system is critical for survival. However, the neural bases of time-of-day-dependent modulation in human perception are not yet understood. We used fMRI to study brain dynamics during resting-state and close-to-threshold visual perception repeatedly at six times of the day. Here we report that resting-state signal variance drops endogenously at times coinciding with dawn and dusk, notably in sensory cortices only. In parallel, perception-related signal variance in visual cortices decreases and correlates negatively with detection performance, identifying an anticipatory mechanism that compensates for the deteriorated visual signal quality at dawn and dusk. Generally, our findings imply that decreases in spontaneous neural activity improve close-to-threshold perception.
A remarkable new species of Poecilocloeus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) found damaging coffee plantations in the Western Andes of Colombia is described and named P. coffeaphilus n. sp. This new species is part of a distinct and colorful group of Proctolabinae grasshoppers, with most species found at low altitudes in the rainforest of the Amazon basin. In contrast, the new species is found at elevations of 1600 to 1800 m in the canopy of dense cloud forests, in the southwestern part of the department of Antioquia (Western Cordillera, Colombian Andes). Information about the natural history, behavior, natural enemies and control strategies in coffee plantations is given for this new species of masked grasshopper. A key to the Neotropical species of the fruticolus species group is presented.
The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.
A new species of the genus Birdantis Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), B. bhaskarai sp. nov. from Larat Island (Tanimbar), is described. Birdantis collaris (Walker, 1870) stat. rev. and B. trilineata (Schmidt, 1926) stat. rev. are reinstated as valid species, respectively from status of subspecies and as junior synonym of B. delibuta Stål, 1863. These four species, as well as the other one previously described from the Maluku Islands, B. decens Stål, 1863, are illustrated from their type specimens. An identification key, a distribution map, illustrations of habitus and details of male genitalia are provided. The synonymy between Myrilla Distant, 1888 and Birdantis is formally reinstated and all species formerly placed in the subgenus Birdantis (Myrilla) are transferred to Birdantis sensu stricto. Birdantis is transferred to the subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 and now contains eighteen species distributed in Maluku (five species), New Guinea and neighbouring islands (ten species) and Australia
(three species).
We develop a model that reproduces the average return and volatility spread between sin and non-sin stocks. Our investors do not necessarily boycott sin companies. Rather, they are open to invest in any company while trading off dividends against ethicalness. We show that when dividends and ethicalness are complementary goods and investors are sufficiently risk averse, the model predicts that the dividend share of sin companies exhibits a positive relation with the future return and volatility spreads. Our empirical analysis supports the model's predictions.
Extrakt
(2018)
The mechanisms of transfer of crustal material from the subducting slab to the overlying mantle wedge are still debated. Mélange rocks, formed by mixing of sediments, oceanic crust, and ultramafics along the slab-mantle interface, are predicted to ascend as diapirs from the slab-top and transfer their compositional signatures to the source region of arc magmas. However, the compositions of melts that result from the interaction of mélanges with a peridotite wedge remain unknown. Here we present experimental evidence that melting of peridotite hybridized by mélanges produces melts that carry the major and trace element abundances observed in natural arc magmas. We propose that differences in nature and relative contributions of mélanges hybridizing the mantle produce a range of primary arc magmas, from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline. Thus, assimilation of mélanges into the wedge may play a key role in transferring subduction signatures from the slab to the source of arc magmas.
Damage control resuscitation may lead to postoperative intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome. These conditions may result in a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle leading to severe physiologic derangements and multiorgan failure unless interrupted by abdominal (surgical or other) decompression. Further, in some clinical situations, the abdomen cannot be closed due to the visceral edema, the inability to control the compelling source of infection or the necessity to re-explore (as a “planned second-look” laparotomy) or complete previously initiated damage control procedures or in cases of abdominal wall disruption. The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients has been proposed to be effective in preventing or treating deranged physiology in patients with severe injuries or critical illness when no other perceived options exist. Its use, however, remains controversial as it is resource consuming and represents a non-anatomic situation with the potential for severe adverse effects. Its use, therefore, should only be considered in patients who would most benefit from it. Abdominal fascia-to-fascia closure should be done as soon as the patient can physiologically tolerate it. All precautions to minimize complications should be implemented.
Willi Schütz
(2018)
From the early 2000s, a new discourse emerged, in Africa and the international donor community, that higher education was important for development in Africa. Within this zeitgeist of converging interests, a range of agencies agreed that a different, collaborative approach to linking higher education to development was necessary. This led to the establishment of the Higher Education Research and Advocacy Network in Africa (Herana) to concentrate on research and advocacy about the possible role and contribution of universities to development in Africa. This book is the final publication to emerge from the Herana project. The project has also published more than 100 articles, chapters, reports, manuals and datasets, and many presentations have been delivered to share insights gained from the work done by Herana. Given its prolific dissemination, it seems reasonable to ask whether this fourth and final publication will offer the reader anything new. This book is certainly different from previous publications in several respects. First, it is the only book to include an analysis of eight African universities based on the full 15 years of empirical data collected by the project. Second, previous books and reports were published mid-project. This book has benefited from an extended gestation period allowing the authors and contributors to reflect on the project without the distractions associated with managing and participating in a large-scale project. For the first time, some of those who have been involved in Herana since its inception have had the opportunity to at least make an attempt to see part of the wood for the trees. Different does not necessarily mean new. An emphasis on the newness of the data and perspectives presented in this book is important because it shows that it is more than a historical record of a donor-funded project. Rather, each chapter in this book brings, to a lesser or greater extent, something new to our understanding of universities, research and development in Africa.
A full session was organized in memory of Helmut Oeschler during the 2017 edition of the Strangeness in Quark Matter Conference. It was heart-warming to discuss with the audience his main achievements and share anecdotes about this exceptionally praised and appreciated colleague, who was also a great friend for many at the conference. A brief summary of the session is provided with these proceedings.
Host flower records for 111 species of Cerambycinae, collected from 40 plant species (21 families) in three Bolivian Departments during the period 2002–2011 are presented for the following tribes: Basipterini, Callichromatini, Clytini, Compsocerini, Eburiini, Ectenessini, Heteropsini, Hexoplonini, Molorchini, Oxycoleini, Pteroplatini, Rhopalophorini, Tillomorphini, and Trachyderini. The importance of anthophilous cerambycids as pollinators, their behavior, and methods used for collecting them are presented, and some preliminary comparisons between the tropical fauna in the north and the temperate fauna in the Chaco forests of the south are outlined.
Ten South American species are removed from the genus Odontocera Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and placed in Odontocroton Clarke new genus. The new genus is further organized into two informal groups. Group A includes Odontocroton flavicauda (Bates, 1873) new combination, Odontocroton flavirostris (Melzer, 1930) new combination, Odontocroton melzeri (Fisher, 1952) new combination and Odontocroton soror (Gounelle, 1911) new combination. Group B includes Odontocroton apicalis (Klug, 1825) new combination, Odontocroton quinquecallosus (Zajciw, 1963) new combination, Odontocroton sanguinolentus (Bates, 1873) new combination, Odontocroton septemtuberculatus (Zajciw, 1963) new combination, Odontocroton rufifrons (Fisher, 1937) new rank and new combination, and provisionally Odontocroton monnei (Zajciw, 1968), new combination. A monotypic new genus, Rhinobatesia Clarke, is described for the Central American species Rhinobatesia rugicollis (Bates, 1880) new combination, which was formerly in Odontocera. The Central American Odontocera nevermanni Fisher, 1930 is placed as a junior synonym of R. rugicollis, and Odontocera typhoeus Fisher, 1947 is placed as a junior synonym of Odontogracilis gracilis (Klug, 1825). A key to separate Odontocroton and Rhinobatesia as well as the species of the former is provided. All species are illustrated, including the tegmen of the aedeagus when available. Host flower records for the Bolivian species are also provided.
Coordination of circuit breakers? Volume migration and volatility spillover in fragmented markets
(2018)
We study circuit breakers in a fragmented, multi-market environment and investigate whether a coordination of circuit breakers is necessary to ensure their effectiveness. In doing so, we analyze 2,337 volatility interruptions on Deutsche Boerse and research whether a volume migration and an accompanying volatility spillover to alternative venues that continue trading can be observed. Different to prevailing theoretical rationale, trading volume on alternative venues significantly decreases during circuit breakers on the main market and we do not find any evidence for volatility spillover. Moreover, we show that the market share of the main market increases sharply during a circuit breaker. Surprisingly, this is amplified with increasing levels of fragmentation. We identify high-frequency trading as a major reason for the vanishing trading activity on the alternative venues and give empirical evidence that a coordination of circuit breakers is not essential for their effectiveness as long as market participants shift to the dominant venue during market stress.
We study the introduction of single-market liquidity provider incentives in fragmented securities markets. Specifically, we investigate whether fee rebates for liquidity providers enhance liquidity on the introducing market and thereby increase its competitiveness and market share. Further, we analyze whether single-market liquidity provider incentives increase overall market liquidity available for market participants. Therefore, we measure the specific liquidity contribution of individual markets to the aggregate liquidity in the fragmented market environment. While liquidity and market share of the venue introducing incentives increase, we find no significant effect for turnover and liquidity of the whole market.
AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF FRAGMENTED EUROPEAN EQUITIES TRADING, MARKET OPERATORS HAVE EMPLOYED DIFFERENT STRATEGIES TO INCREASE LIQUIDITY ON THEIR MARKET RELATIVE TO OTHER TRADING VENUES. ONE OF THESE STRATEGIES IS TO INCENTIVIZE LIQUIDITY PROVIDERS VIA FEE REBATES. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE XETRA LIQUIDITY PROVIDER PROGRAM AT DEUTSCHE BÖRSE AND ITS IMPACT ON LIQUIDITY AND TRADING VOLUME ON THE INTRODUCING MARKET ITSELF AND ON THE CONSOLIDATED EUROPEAN MARKET.
We investigate different designs of circuit breakers implemented on European trading venues and examine their effectiveness to manage excess volatility and to preserve liquidity. Specifically, we empirically analyze volatility and liquidity around volatility interruptions implemented on the German and Spanish stock market which differ regarding specific design parameters. We find that volatility interruptions in general significantly decrease volatility in the post interruption phase. Unfortunately, this decrease in volatility comes at the cost of decreased liquidity. Regarding design parameters, we find tighter price ranges and shorter durations to support volatility interruptions in achieving their goals.
In der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Übergangsforschung wird Angeboten zur Begleitung von und Beratung zu Übergängen in Erwerbsarbeit aus einer ethnografischen Perspektive kaum Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Im Kontext beruflicher Veränderungsprozesse von Erwachsenen finden sich ethnografische Betrachtungen bislang lediglich in ethnografisch orientierter Organisationsforschung mit Fokus auf Organisationsberatung im Weiterbildungsbereich und im Rahmen aktivierender arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen aus machtanalytischer Perspektive (vgl. beispielsweise Ott 2011; Dollhausen 2010). Mit Blick auf die personenbezogenen Dienstleistungen der Begleitung und Beratung liegt jedoch ein analytischer Zugang nahe, der eine prozessuale Perspektive auf die organisationale Rahmung von Übergängen in Erwerbsarbeit einnimmt und dabei die Innenperspektive von Beratungsprozessen und deren Praktiken in den Fokus rückt.
Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich der Beitrag aus ethnografischer Perspektive mit der Herstellung und Gestaltung von Beratungssettings im Kontext der Beratungsangebote Coaching und Transfergesellschaft. Im Rahmen des DFG-Forschungsprojekts "Transition Processing" werden hierfür mittels teilnehmender Beobachtung angebotstypische Situationen und reale Handlungsvollzüge der Beteiligten empirisch erfasst. In diesem Zusammenhang liegt der Fokus der Analyse auf dem Umgang mit Artefakten, die – wie sich im empirischen Datenmaterial zeigt – sowohl im Coaching als auch in der Transfergesellschaft für die Inszenierung einer Beratung eine zentrale gestalterische Rolle spielen.
Im Folgenden wird zunächst das Projekt "Transition Processing", dem der thematische Zuschnitt dieses Beitrags entlehnt ist, vorgestellt (2.). Daran anschließend werden die theoretischen und methodischen Grundlegungen dieses Beitrags eingegrenzt (3.). Im 4. Abschnitt wird beispielhaft skizziert, wie sich Materialität als Steuerungselement in der Beratung des Coachings und der Transfergesellschaft zeigt. Abschließend werden die beiden Handlungsfelder Coaching und Transfergesellschaft im Fazit vergleichend betrachtet (5.).
This paper argues that extant approaches to presupposition projection that either rely on strict linear order (Schlenker, 2009) or hierarchy (Romoli and Mandelkern, 2017) cannot provide a uniform account of data drawn from head-final languages. While building on Schlenker’s theory, this paper resolves the issues by restricting the calculation of local contexts to specific points in the parsing process. The consequence is that the theory makes a prediction robust to the head directionality parameter
Ausgangspunkt meiner Interpretation ist die der "Vertreibung" vorangehende Romantrilogie Robert Menasses; der Autor scheint nämlich eine ausgesprochene Vorliebe für Inversionen zu besitzen. Die sogenannte "Trilogie der Entgeisterung" umfasst neben "Sinnliche Gewißheit" (1988) die Romane "Selige Zeiten, brüchige Welt" (1991) und "Schubumkehr" (1995) sowie das in "Selige Zeiten, brüchige Welt" thematisierte und von Menasse anschließend selbst verfasste philosophische Werk der Romanfigur Leo Singer, die "Phänomenologie der Entgeisterung. Geschichte des verschwindenden Wissens" (1995). In der Trilogie wird mit der "Rückentwicklung […] vom 'Absoluten Wissen' […] zur 'Sinnlichen Gewißheit'" nicht nur die Inversion von Hegels "Phänomenologie des Geistes" (1807) vollzogen, sondern auch der "klassische Entwicklungsroman" wird in der Weise umgekehrt, dass das Individuum "eine Anlage nach der anderen, ein Talent nach dem anderen, eine Fähigkeit nach der anderen" verliert, bis es schließlich "eine verkümmerte Existenz" geworden ist. Meine Hypothese ist, dass auch im Falle der Vertreibung der Struktur des Romans zwei Inversionen zu Grunde liegen und dass hier ebenfalls eine prominente philosophische Vorlage von Relevanz ist, nämlich Walter Benjamins Essay "Über den Begriff der Geschichte" (1942).
Recent research indicates that attentional stimulus selection could be a rhythmic process. In monkey, neurons in V4 and IT exhibit rhythmic spiking activity in the theta range in response to a stimulus. When two stimuli are presented together, the rhythmic neuronal responses to each occur in anti-phase, a result indicative of competitive interactions. In addition, it was recently demonstrated that these alternating oscillations in monkey V4 modulate the speed of saccadic responses to a target flashed on one of the two competing stimuli. Here, we replicate a similar behavioral task in humans (7 participants, each performed 4000 trials) and report a pattern of results consistent with the monkey findings: saccadic response times fluctuate in the theta range (6 Hz), with opposite phase for targets flashed on distinct competing stimuli.
Karl Dedecius, 1921–2016
(2018)
Karl Dedecius gilt als einer der produktivsten deutschen Übersetzer polnischer Literatur und als herausragende Persönlichkeit des deutsch-polnischen Dialogs in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er starb am 26. Februar 2016 hochbetagt in Frankfurt am Main und hinterließ ein umfangreiches Œuvre, das ca. 200 übersetzte Bücher polnischer und russischer Literatur (darunter zahlreiche Anthologien) sowie mehrere essayistische Werke umfasst. Das Kernstück bilden die 50 Titel der von ihm initiierten und herausgegebenen "Polnischen Bibliothek" (1982–2000) sowie die sieben jeweils ca. 900 Seiten starken Bände des "Panoramas der polnischen Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts" (1996–2000). Die Liste der von ihm übersetzten Autoren umfasst gut 300 Namen.
Harvest of Thorns
(2018)
The 1990 Commonwealth Writers Regional Prize voted Harvest of Thorns the winner in the Best Book category. Harvest of Thorns tells the story of Benjamin Tichafa who grows up in Rhodesia in the 1960s. From a conservative, religious family, but exposed to the heady ideas of the black nationalist movements, the young student is pulled in different directions. Isolated and troubled at boarding school, he is provoked into leaving, making his way to Mozambique, and joining the freedom fighters. There, in the crucible of a bitter civil war of liberation, the young man develops into manhood. Returning, hardened, at independence, he feels that little has changed, not least within his own family circumstances, and asks himself what it means to be free in the new Zimbabwe.
Poetic Blazons From Africa
(2018)
Poetic Blazons from Africa is an effort by the poet to bring into life the feelings and thoughts of a voice in agony. This effort takes the reader through pain that seems to come with every step that individual takes. The poet seems in tears as he traverses the rigours that characterize his terrain. Joy and happiness appear just remote though there are a fleeting moments of hope. The poet seems so drowned in choking pain that he appears to have failed to eliminate from childhood to the extent that at times he talks about his last lap as though he has already resigned on the purpose of living. His heart seems to have been jilted and he will not love again. Or would he?
This paper describes work on the morphological and syntactic annotation of Sumerian cuneiform as a model for low resource languages in general. Cuneiform texts are invaluable sources for the study of history, languages, economy, and cultures of Ancient Mesopotamia and its surrounding regions. Assyriology, the discipline dedicated to their study, has vast research potential, but lacks the modern means for computational processing and analysis. Our project, Machine Translation and Automated Analysis of Cuneiform Languages, aims to fill this gap by bringing together corpus data, lexical data, linguistic annotations and object metadata. The project’s main goal is to build a pipeline for machine translation and annotation of Sumerian Ur III administrative texts. The rich and structured data is then to be made accessible in the form of (Linguistic) Linked Open Data (LLOD), which should open them to a larger research community. Our contribution is two-fold: in terms of language technology, our work represents the first attempt to develop an integrative infrastructure for the annotation of morphology and syntax on the basis of RDF technologies and LLOD resources. With respect to Assyriology, we work towards producing the first syntactically annotated corpus of Sumerian.
Agent
(2018)
Seit einiger Zeit tümmeln sich Agenten in der deutschen Sprache, die dort eigentlich nichts zu suchen haben. Äußerst beunruhigend ist, dass sich dort sowohl 'virtuelle' als auch 'reale Agenten' finden, die in 'agentenbasierten Modellierungen' für die Simulierung der Interaktion in sozialen Netzwerken und als 'Bio-Agenten' in Form von Ameisen, deren Staaten 'Multiagentensysteme' repräsentieren, oder Schlauchpilzen (der Art 'Fusarium oxysporum') tätig sind, die Kokapflanzen noch bis tief in den Amazonas hinein verfolgen - und ganz unvermutet als 'Agenten des Wandels' im Ruhrgebiet wieder auftauchen, diesmal allerdings als Bezeichnung für eher harmlose Ökoprojekte. [...] Nach dem Beginn der Aufklärung hat sich der 'agent' bis ins einundzwanzigste Jahrhundert hinein auch noch in seinen verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen fast viral vermehrt.
Zur Behandlung von chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen besteht nach wie vor ein dringendes medizinisches Bedürfnis, da die bisher eingesetzten Medikamente gerade in der Langzeittherapie zu schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen führen können. Um chronisch entzündliche Erkrankungen in Zukunft adäquat therapieren zu können, sind bereits verschiedene neuartige Ansätze in klinischer bzw. präklinischer Entwicklung. Ein möglicher Ansatz besteht in einer dualen Hemmung der mikrosomalen Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) und der 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen (SAR) von zwei verschiedenen Leitstrukturen an der 5 LO und der mPGES 1 untersucht. Die erste Leitstruktur entstammt aus den Arbeiten von Waltenberger et al. und besitzt im Grundgerüst eine Sulfonamidstruktur. In dieser Arbeit ist es gelungen, durch eine gezielte Untersuchung der Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen, die Leitstruktur I an der 5 LO und der mPGES-1 in ihrer Potenz zu optimieren. Die Leitstruktur (IC50: 5-LO (zellfrei) = 5.7 µM, IC50: 5 LO (PMNL) = 3.7 µM, IC50: mPGES-1 = 4.5 µM) konnte durch Variation in allen drei Positionen modifiziert werden, so dass die optimierte Struktur 170 (IC50: 5-LO (zellfrei) = 2.3 µM, IC50: 5-LO (PMNL) = 0.4 µM, IC50: mPGES-1 = 0.7 µM) entstanden ist. Für die Verbindung 170 wurden die pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften, wie Löslichkeit und metabolische Stabilität, sowie der Wirkmechanismus auf molekularer Ebene bestimmt. Ebenso konnte für Verbindung 170 auch in vivo anti-entzündliche Eigenschaften festgestellt werden.
Die zweite Leitstruktur stammt ebenfalls aus den Arbeiten von Waltenberger et al. und besitzt im Grundgerüst eine Mercaptobenzothiazol-Grundstruktur. Aufgrund der Ähnlichkeit zu den bekannten Pirinixinsäurederivaten wurde auch hier für die Untersuchung der Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen zunächst eine Kettenverlängerung an der Alkylkette vorgenommen. Es ließ sich auch hier durch eine gezielte SAR, die Leitstruktur bis hin zum submikromolaren Bereich in Verbindung 219 optimieren. Gleichzeitig ist es gelungen in Verbindung 219 einer der am potentesten dual ausgeglichensten dualen 5 LO/mPGES-1 Inhibitoren zu identifizieren.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass in dieser Arbeit es gelungen ist durch gezielte Untersuchungen der Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen zwei verschiedene Substanzklassen zu dualen 5-LO/mPGES-1 Inhibitoren zu optimieren. Ebenso konnte für Substanz 170 auch in vivo anti-entzündliche Eigenschaften festgestellt werden. Diese Arbeit soll dazu beitragen, das therapeutische Potential von dualen 5-LO/mPGES-1 Inhibitoren als anti-entzündliche Wirkstoffe in Zukunft besser einschätzen zu können.
Aims. To investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration in adult symptomatic patients.
Methods. A total of 52 symptomatic and 40 healthy volunteers were included. DWI and routine MRI examinations were performed to their cervical spines. The cervical discs (from C2-C3 to C6-C7) were graded according to the Pfirrmann grading system, and ADC values of the nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured. Differences of the ADC values between different genders and anatomic levels were analyzed; the correlation between the ADC value and the Pfirrmann grade was investigated. The cut-off ADC values of each Pfirrmann grade were calculated.
Results. The mean ADC value of the NP decreased with increasing Pfirrmann grade (I–V) upon both patients and asymptotic volunteers. The ADC value decreased descendingly from C2-C3 to C5-C6 (P<0.05) and then increased at C6-C7 (P<0.05). Additionally, the comparison of the ADC values between different genders achieved statistical significance at each anatomical level (P<0.05), except at C6-C7 (P<0.05). Significant negative correlations between the ADC value and either age or Pfirrmann grade were observed.
Conclusions. Our preliminary findings suggest that the ADC value obtained by DWI can provide a reliable indicator to evaluate the cervical disc degeneration.
Consistent individual differences in behavioral tendencies (animal personality) can affect individual mate choice decisions. We asked whether personality traits affect male and female mate choice decisions similarly and whether potential personality effects are consistent across different mate choice situations. Using western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as our study organism, we characterized focal individuals (males and females) twice for boldness, activity, and sociability/shoaling and found high and significant behavioral repeatability. Additionally, each focal individual was tested in two different dichotomous mate choice tests in which it could choose between computer-animated stimulus fish of the opposite sex that differed in body size and activity levels, respectively. Personality had different effects on female and male mate choice: females that were larger than average showed stronger preferences for large-bodied males with increasing levels of boldness/activity (i.e., towards more proactive personality types). Males that were larger than average and had higher shoaling tendencies showed stronger preferences for actively swimming females. Size-dependent effects of personality on the strength of preferences for distinct phenotypes of potential mating partners may reflect effects of age/experience (especially in females) and social dominance (especially in males). Previous studies found evidence for assortative mate choice based on personality types or hypothesized the existence of behavioral syndromes of individuals’ choosiness across mate choice criteria, possibly including other personality traits. Our present study exemplifies that far more complex patterns of personality-dependent mate choice can emerge in natural systems.
Three new species of Willowsia collected from Guizhou Province, China are described here: W. sexachaeta sp. nov., W. christianseni sp. nov., and W. tanae sp. nov. They have spinulate scales on the body. Colour pattern and dorsal chaetotaxy are the main diagnostic characters for these species. A table summarizing the main differences between all Chinese Willowsia species is given.
Purpose: Anastomotic leakage is a major surgical complication following esophagectomy and gastric pull-up. Specific risk factors such as celiac trunk (TC) stenosis and high calcification score of the aorta have been identified, but no data are available on their relative prognostic values. This retrospective study aimed to compare and evaluate calcification score versus stenosis quantification with regards to prognostic impact on anastomotic leakage.
Patients and methods: Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of 164 consecutive patients with primary esophageal cancer were evaluated by two radiologists to apply a calcification score (0–3 scale) assessing the aorta, the celiac axis and the right and left postceliac arteries. Concurrently, the presence and degree of stenosis of TC and superior mesenteric artery were recorded for stenosis quantification.
Results: Anastomotic leakage was noted in 14/164 patients and 12/14 showed stenosis of TC (n=11). The presence of TC stenosis was found to have a significant impact on anastomotic healing (p=0.004). The odds ratio for the prediction of anastomotic leakage by the degree of stenosis was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02–1.07). Ten of 14 patients had aortic calcification scores of 1 or 2, but calcification scores of the aorta, the celiac axis and the right and left postceliac arteries did not correlate with the corresponding TC stenosis values and showed no influence on patient outcome as defined by the occurrence of anastomotic insufficiency (p=0.565, 0.855, 0.518 and 1.000, respectively). Inter-reader reliability of computed tomography analysis and absolute agreement on calcium scoring was mostly over 90%. No significant differences in preoperative comorbidities and patient characteristics were found between those with and without anastomotic leakage.
Conclusion: Measurement of TC stenosis in preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans proved to be more reliable than calcification scores in predicting anastomotic leakage and should, therefore, be used in the risk assessment of patients undergoing esophagectomy and gastric pull-up.
Reference of pronouns may be constrained via lexical presuppositions, including marked F-features, implicated presuppositions, and deictic center shifting in certain languages.
This paper explores the acquisition of personal reference terms in Thai, a language that has a highly complex personal reference system. The participants of the study were 67 typicallydeveloping children (TD) and 29 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a population which has long been observed to have difficulties with pronouns. The children were asked to complete simple production and comprehension tasks on personal reference terms. Overall, ASD children performed on par in production but significantly poorer in comprehension than TD children. Given the freedom of choice in the production task, ASD children preferred using fixed referential terms for self-reference, whereas TD children opted for personal pronouns. In terms of comprehension, ASD children were shown to generally be able to detect the person features but they seemed to struggle the most with the pragmatic aspects of personal reference terms. Our results support previous literature that lexical presuppositions are acquired earlier than implicated presuppositions. We add to the literature that the types or the amount of implicated presuppositions matter in acquisition
Aims: The ILUVIEN Registry Safety Study is an ongoing, multicentre, open-label, observational study collecting real-world data on the safety and effectiveness of the 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in patients treated according to the European label requirements.
Methods: Patients included in this analysis were treated for the licensed indication of chronic diabetic macular oedema (cDMO; that is, DMO that persists or recurs despite treatment). Data presented in the current analysis were collected from patient records up to 6 March 2017. Visual acuity (VA) data, including mean change in VA over time and at last observation, intraocular pressure (IOP) over the course of the study, IOP events, use of IOP-lowering therapy and cup:disc ratio were analysed. Information on additional DMO treatments post-FAc implant was also captured.
Results: Five hundred and sixty-three patients (593 eyes) were enrolled on the study. Mean IOP for the overall population remained within the normal range throughout follow-up and 76.7% of patients did not require IOP-lowering therapy following treatment with the FAc implant. Sixty-nine per cent of eyes did not require additional DMO treatments. Mean VA in the overall population increased from 51.9 letters at baseline to 55.6 letters at month 12, with a significant increase of 2.9 letters at last observation. Patients with short-term cDMO experienced greater VA gains than those with long-term cDMO.
Conclusions: The results of this analysis are comparable with those of other studies, including the Fluocinolone Acetate for Macular Edema study. The study reinforces the good safety and effectiveness profile of FAc, and demonstrates the benefit of early FAc treatment.