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Vortrag im Rahmen des Symposiums der Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main in Kooperation mit der Frankfurter Buchmesse 2011 "Economy and Acceptance of Open Access Strategies", am 14.10.2011.
Die Antike bildet einen zentralen Bezugspunkt für Identitätskonstruktionen in den europäischen Kulturen. Das Wissen davon, was Antike ist, ist jedoch keineswegs statisch: "Die Antike" formiert sich historisch stets im Wechselspiel mit dem Selbstverständnis der rezipierenden Kulturen. Diese bipolare Konstruktion griff die interdisziplinäre Tagung "Das Geschlecht der Antike" auf, die Anna Heinze (Berlin) und Friederike Krippner (Berlin) im Juni an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin veranstalteten. Sie verfolgte einerseits die Frage, welche Rolle die Kategorie "Geschlecht" bei verschiedenen Epochenentwürfen der Antike spielt, und richtete den Blick andererseits darauf, was die Referenz auf die Antike bei der Konstruktion von Geschlechterverhältnissen in nachantiken Gesellschaften leistet.
The Project European Privacy Open Space (PrivacyOS) aims at bringing together industry, SMEs, Government, Academia and Civil Society to foster development and deployment of privacy infrastructures for Europe. The general objectives of PrivacyOS are to create a longterm collaboration in the thematic network and establish collective interfaces with other EU projects. Participants exchange research and best practices, as well as develop strategies and joint projects following four core policy goals: Awareness-rising, enabling privacy on the Web, fostering privacy-friendly Identity Management, and stipulating research.
...
This report focuses on the 3rd PrivacyOS conference, which was held in Vienna, October 26th and 27th 2009, co-located with the Austrian Big Brother Awards. 50 participants attended the conference and devised the agenda with 21 presentations in two parallel tracks. The topics of the presentations discussed included, amongst others: data protection awareness, data protection in healthcare, data protection in the Web 2.0, privacy-related technologies such as EnCoRe, TOR or Microformats as well as regulatory, cultural and sociological implications of data protection. Also at the 3rd PrivacyOS conference the software product “KiwiSecurity” was awarded the EuroPriSe Seal (European Privacy Seal, www.european-privacy-seal.eu). EuroPriSe is an initiative of the data protection authority Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein (ULD), Germany. It has been started as a European Project under the eTEN programme.
The article engages in a close reading of Goethe's sonnet "Mächtiges Überraschen", published in the sonnet cycle of 1807. In it the poetic voice evokes a mountain river whose course is suddenly interrupted by the limiting force of a dam. Paradoxically, however, the effect of this is not stagnation, but the emergence and celebration of a "new life". This paradox will be illuminated by a discussion of Goethe's "Morphologie" as a universal scientific method. Morphology studies the infinite variety of (natural) forms while also insisting on their individual limitation. Goethe's understanding of life lingers on the co-presence of "coined form" and "living development" as he formulates it in "Urworte. Orphisch". "Mächtiges Überraschen" is read as a poem that embodies this fundamental polarity. The sonnet refers time and again to the borders and limitations of both the natural image it evokes and its own poetic properties. Simultaneously, it suggests the transgression of these limitations on both a formal (or structural) and a metaphorical level. As a poetological sonnet, "Mächtiges Überraschen" unifies the representation (of a natural event) with a reflection on representation as such. The announcement of a "new life" in the last stanza of the poem is thus read as an announcement of its own coming-into-being.
"Finnegans Wake" has struck many of its exegetes as the epitome of the postmodern text. The oddity of James Joyce's last work has been and still is a provocation not only for literary criticism and theory but for every reader of the work. It provokes us to reflect on our preconceptions concerning such fundamental issues as reading, meaning and understanding. Due to this very quality, the work has been a fertile intellectual stimulus for an illustrious band of thinkers of the ―post-projects. Its singularity has provoked and facilitated the further development of theoretical frameworks beyond the confines of literary theory proper. This essay will trace the elaborate theoretical responses of Umberto Eco and Jacques Lacan to Joyce's grand literary arcanum. Eco's concept of the openness of modern works of art and Lacan's elaboration of his psychoanalytic concepts of the symptom and of the Borromean knot were inspired by their study of Joyce. As an extreme instance of literariness, Finnegans Wake thus constitutes an ideal opportunity to consider the scope and boundaries of the scholarly study of literary texts more generally.
Die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Philologie im Holocaust-Diskurs : das Beispiel Theresienstadt
(2011)
Philology seems to have come to a crossroads. One path leads back to the save haven of established core strengths and competences, the other path promises new perspectives through further expansion into the vastness of cultural studies. If philology is to continue as a discipline relevant to society as a whole, retreat into pure philology — concentrating only on the text itself, adhering to national boundaries — is no viable option. Instead, by opening itself up for the questions and methods of truly interdisciplinary inquiry, philology can emerge in new shape, powerful enough to adequately address issues of interdisciplinary, intercultural and intergenerational importance. This essay will argue for such an extension of philology into cultural studies through an examination of texts, songs and plays written in and about the Terezín ghetto. The songs of Leo Strauß and Manfred Greiffenhagen, the ghetto opera "Der Kaiser von Atlantis" (The Emperor of Atlantis), as well as Roy Kift's play "Camp Comedy" and Frido Mann's parable "Terezín" will exemplify the potential of philology’s conjunction with history, sociology and cultural studies.
The essay raises the question of what it actually means to work with concepts of intermediality in literary studies. It uses as an example a Ph.D project which compares story-telling in literary texts and videographed testimonies by Shoah survivors. It soon becomes clear that that a strictly "intermedial" approach does not fully serve the purpose. Instead, one should try to maintain a literary studies perspective even on other forms of media. To illustrate this, the essay presents an analysis of videographed testimonies using categories taken from literary narratology. It thereby shows the problems as well as the merits of such an approach, at the limits of the discipline.
In response to the question "What is the nature of a philological practice that seeks to establish a spatial relationship between text and reader?" this essay compares the philologist Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht's contemporary account of aesthetic experience with the school of Empathy Aesthetics in the late nineteenth century with respect to the manner each emphasizes the spatial qualities of that relationship. Although employing different conceptual repertoires, both assert that the desire of an aesthetic recipient to be in the spatial vicinity of the object and experience the presence of the object with and upon his own body motivates an aesthetic experience, including the work of the philologist. Gumbrecht and the empathy aesthetician Robert Vischer characterize the desire to stand in a spatial relationship to the aesthetic object as the desire to be subsumed thereby, a characterization which entails the negation of the original philological standpoint.
Friedrich August Wolf posits in his "Prolegomena ad Homerum" that, from the time of the first transcription of Homer's epics around 700 BC to the time of the Alexandrian editions, the Iliad and Odyssey underwent repeated revisions by a multitude of poets and critics. According to Wolf, the "unified" works that we know are the products of emendations by Alexandrian critics who attempted to homogenize the style of the epics and to return them to their "original" form. This paper argues that Wolf's narration of the history of these texts relies on and produces aesthetic claims, not historical ones. Wolf determines the dates and origins of passages based on intuitive judgments of style for which he cannot provide linguistic or historical evidence. And his conclusions that the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were not written by Homer, but rather by a history of emendations and revisions, enthrones his work — the work of philologists — in place of the literary genius Homer. Thus philology becomes for Wolf an aesthetic discipline that produces canonical and beautiful works of literature. This aesthetic task is essential for philology to fulfill its educational and political responsibilities.
Innovation oder Wiederkehr? : Das Methodenspektrum im Kurzzeitgedächtnis der Literaturwissenschaft
(2011)
In recent years, a pronounced methodological self-reflexiveness has been established as a standard in studying language and literature. Methodological pluralism and a specific methodological adaptation to the objects of study are a characteristic feature of present-day literary and cultural studies. In keeping with this tendency, introductory textbooks on literary studies often provide an overview of the broad discussion and spectrum of methods and their seemingly boundless possible applications and the options for combining them. But this is not the first time that the boundaries of our discipline have undergone dissolution. Beginning with early examples of accounts of methodological variety and methodological reflection (Oscar Benda, Harry Maync, Emil Ermatinger, Julius Petersen), the present article discusses the ways in which an awareness of a surprisingly long tradition of discussions concerning methodological competence affects the present self-conception and identity of philology.
Is there something like a 'scientific' approach to the reading or interpretation of literary texts as is suggested by the German term 'Literaturwissenschaft'? This essay argues that genuinely scientific criteria such as the intersubjective verifiability of a given reading do not apply to the reading of literary texts. The reason is that such texts enable a quasi infinite range of different readings the preconceptions of which are contingent upon the individual readers, their previous experiences, literary as well as non-literary, and their expectations. — What, then, are the tasks of a scholarly reading of literary texts? Firstly, the theoretical reflection upon the status of such texts in comparison to pragmatic texts; secondly, the attempt at reconstructing their historical context (in terms of discursive history), and thirdly, a reading with regard to present-day problems. The 'quality' of a scholarly reading of a literary text would thus be dependent not on its 'objectivity', but rather on its capacity to produce resonances amongst other present-day readers, scholarly and non-scholarly.
This paper seeks to demonstrate the ways in which Bachmann's work constitutes a prime case for examining the scope and the boundaries of philological research. It does so by focusing on Bachmann‘s fragmentary and unfinished novel, "Das Buch Franza" [1965-1966], exploring the text and its author in an interdisciplinary light. Forming part of Bachmann's uncompleted "Todesarten"-Projekt, "Das Buch Franza" deals with the continuing legacy of fascism and its displaced forms in the post-war era. In its thematisation of the traumatic and necessarily belated after-effects of the Second World War and the Holocaust, Bachmann‘s text draws on various disciplines and discourses, namely geology, archaeology and psychoanalysis. I consider the ways in which the interdisciplinary ambitions of the text reflect Bachmann‘s struggle for a new form of representation, one that adequately mirrors the concerns of her society. Finally, drawing on Bachmann‘s own theoretical reflections on the field of literary study in her Frankfurt Lectures on poetics, I trace the ways in which the author's work repeatedly encourages us to adopt multiple disciplinary perspectives, as well as privileging literature with a utopian function that exceeds any generic or disciplinary boundaries.
In works of Maghrebi authors like Tahar Ben Jelloun (Morocco), the body is the central medium that generates and constitutes the narration. The authors stand in the tradition of oral folk literature, which increasingly has been displaced by French written literature. Hence there is a tendency in postcolonial Maghrebi texts to reintegrate the performative act of narrating via the body into the literary structures of the novels. This becomes manifest in poly-phonic and poly-perspectival narrative experiments in which, with recourse to the halqa (the typical oral narrative situation), a re-territorialization (Deleuze/Guattari) of the body is performed.
In this context the body in literature plays a central role on the level of the metadiegesis: it is presented as the medium of narration. Using as an example Tahar Ben Jellouns novel L’enfant de sable (1985), the aim of this essay is to show how halqa elements and narrative influences from The Arabian Nights structure the text, which becomes a hybrid between medium and embodiment (Fischer-Lichte) by simulating eventfulness.
On the level of the diegesis, the body plays likewise a decisive role as subject of the storyline, becoming the most important medium for the expression of emotions, thoughts or attitudes. Body language is deliberately utilized by the authors to discuss ways of dealing with traditions, the negotiation of social relations and the (de-)construction of identity. Social order, power structures, hierarchies, existing values and norms are communicated and constituted via body language.
Based on the metaphor of “liminality” in literary studies, this paper examines two different approaches to the literary genre of travelogues, using the example of Adelbert von Chamisso‟s Voyage Around the World (1836). One approach, with the help of autobiographical research, sheds light on the author-specific key motifs of “omnipotent time” and the process of aging. In the second approach, the focus shifts to the relationship between literature and natural science, i.e. to Chamisso‟s transitional position in the context of the historicization and dynamization of the sciences and humanities in the 19th century. Rather than thinking of “philology” and “cultural studies” as opposing methods, this article thus suggests a more in-tercessory position for the purpose of a fruitful study of travel literature.
This paper examines the well-known practice of developing a conceptual frame-work for reading works of literature in such a way as to illuminate previously ignored aspects of those works. It investigates the nature or genre of such discoveries: Are they philological? Hermeneutic? Do they correspond to the discipline of the framework selected? This problem is considered in the case of an example of the deployment of a very specific philosophical framework, namely the problem of skepticism as glossed by the American philosopher Stanley Cavell. This framework brings to light a structural affinity between two seemingly disparate moments in the history of German lyric poetry: the Biedermeier period and the works of Konkrete Dichtung from the mid-twentieth century. The paper postulates this affinity as an exam-ple of the kind of “discovery” whose type, usefulness, or even existence as discovery might be called into question and perhaps not, ultimately, agreed on.
Dieser Band enthält Kurzfassungen der Beiträge zur MKWI 2010. Die Vollversionen der Beiträge sind auf dem wissenschaftlichen Publikationenserver (GoeScholar) der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen und über die Webseite des Universitätsverlags unter http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2010/mkwi/ online verfügbar und in die Literaturnachweissysteme eingebunden.
CONTENTS: Keynote Address and Invited Plenary Lectures Symposia Debates and Panels Oral Presentations and Specific Topics Poster Presentations Workshop Presentations Case Study Presentations and Media Presentations Symposien Workshops
The Göttingen conference Systematics 2008 is the first joint meeting of the Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik (GfBS) and the German Botanical Society, section Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (DBG), being the 10th Annual Meeting of the GfBS and the 18th International Symposium Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology of the DBG. The conference programme covers biological systematics in the widest sense and provides ample opportunities for oral and poster presentations on new advances in plant, animal and microbial systematics. This volume brings together the abstracts of invited speaches from the plenary sessions on Progress in Deep Phylogeny, Speciation and Phylogeography, and New Trends in Biological Systematics as well as those of submitted talks and poster sessions.The Göttingen conference Systematics 2008 is the first joint meeting of the Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik (GfBp. and the German Botanical Society, section Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (DBG), being the 10th Annual Meeting of the GfBS and the 18th International Symposium Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology of the DBG. The conference programme covers biological systematics in the widest sense and provides ample opportunities for oral and poster presentations on new advances in plant, animal and microbial systematics. This volume brings together the abstracts of invited speaches from the plenary sessions on Progress in Deep Phylogeny, Speciation and Phylogeography, and New Trends in Biological Systematics as well as those of submitted talks and poster sessions.
Dieser Tagungsband enthält die Beiträge des 17. Workshops „Computational Intelligence“ des Fachausschusses 5.14 der VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft für Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) und der Fachgruppe „Fuzzy-Systeme und Soft-Computing“ der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI), der vom 5. – 7. Dezember 2007 im Haus Bommerholz bei Dortmund stattfindet. Der GMA-Fachausschuss 5.14 „Computational Intelligence“ entstand 2005 aus den bisherigen Fachausschüssen „Neuronale Netze und Evolutionäre Algorithmen“ (FA 5.21) sowie „Fuzzy Control“ (FA 5.22). Der Workshop steht in der Tradition der bisherigen Fuzzy-Workshops, hat aber seinen Fokus in den letzten Jahren schrittweise erweitert. Die Schwerpunkte sind Methoden, Anwendungen und Tools für • Fuzzy-Systeme, • Künstliche Neuronale Netze, • Evolutionäre Algorithmen und • Data-Mining-Verfahren sowie der Methodenvergleich anhand von industriellen und Benchmark-Problemen. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS T. Fober, E. Hüllermeier, M. Mernberger (Philipps-Universität Marburg): Evolutionary Construction of Multiple Graph Alignments for the Structural Analysis of Biomolecules G. Heidemann, S. Klenk (Universität Stuttgart): Visual Analytics for Image Retrieval F. Rügheimer (OvG-Universität Magdeburg): A Condensed Representation for Distributions over Set-Valued Attributes T. Mrziglod (Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen): Mit datenbasierten Technologien und Versuchsplanung zu erfolgreichen Produkten H. Schulte (Bosch Rexroth AG, Elchingen): Approximationsgenauigkeit und dynamisches Fehlerwachstum der Modellierung mit Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systemen C. Burghart, R. Mikut, T. Asfour, A. Schmid, F. Kraft, O. Schrempf, H. Holzapfel, R. Stiefelhagen, A. Swerdlow, G. Bretthauer, R. Dillmann (Universität Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH): Kognitive Architekturen für humanoide Roboter: Anforderungen, Überblick und Vergleich R. Mikut, C. Burghart, A. Swerdlow (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Universität Karlsruhe): Ein Gedankenexperiment zum Entwurf einer integrierten kognitiven Architektur für humanoide Roboter G. Milighetti, H.-B. Kuntze (FhG IITB Karlsruhe): Diskret-kontinuierliche Regelung und Überwachung von Robotern basierend auf Aktionsprimitiven und Petri-Netzen N. Rosemann, W. Brockmann (Universität Osnabrück): Kontrolle dynamischer Eigenschaften des Online-Lernens in Neuro-Fuzzy-Systemen mit dem SILKE-Ansatz A. Hans, D. Schneegaß, A. Schäfer, S. Udluft (Siemens AG, TU Ilmenau): Sichere Exploration für Reinforcement-Learning-basierte Regelung Th. Bartz-Beielstein, M. Bongards, C. Claes, W. Konen, H. Westenberger (FH Köln): Datenanalyse und Prozessoptimierung für Kanalnetze und Kläranlagen mit CI-Methoden S. Nusser, C. Otte, W. Hauptmann (Siemens AG, OvG-Universität Magdeburg): Learning Binary Classifiers for Applications in Safety-Related Domains W. Jakob, A. Quinte, K.-U. Stucky, W. Süß, C. Blume (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH; FH Köln, Campus Gummersbach) Schnelles Resource Constrained Project Scheduling mit dem Evolutionären Algorithmus GLEAM M. Preuß, B. Naujoks (Universität Dortmund): Evolutionäre mehrkriterielle Optimierung bei Anwendungen mit nichtzusammenhängenden Pareto-Mengen G. Rudolph, M. Preuß (Universität Dortmund): in mehrkriterielles Evolutionsverfahren zur Bestimmung des Phasengleichgewichts von gemischten Flüssigkeiten Y. Chen, O. Burmeister, C. Bauer, R. Rupp, R. Mikut (Universität Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg): First Steps to Future Applications of Spinal Neural Circuit Models in Neuroprostheses and Humanoid Robots F. Hoffmann, J. Braun, T. Bertram, S. Hölemann (Universität Dortmund, RWTH Aachen): Multikriterielle Optimierung mit modellgestützten Evolutionsstrategien S. Piana, S. Engell (Universität Dortmund): Evolutionäre Optimierung des Betriebs von rohrlosen Chemieanlagen T. Runkler (Siemens AG, CT IC 4): Pareto Optimization of the Fuzzy c–Means Clustering Model Using a Multi–Objective Genetic Algorithm H. J. Rommelfanger (J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main): Die Optimierung von Fuzzy-Zielfunktionen in Fuzzy (Mehrziel-) LPSystemen - Ein kritischer Überblick D. Gamrad, D. Söffker (Universität Duisburg-Essen): Formalisierung menschlicher Interaktionen durch Situations-Operator- Modellbildung S. Ritter, P. Bretschneider (FhG AST Ilmenau): Optimale Planung und Betriebsführung der Energieversorgung im liberalisierten Energiemarkt R. Seising (Medizinische Universität Wien): Heinrich Hertz, Ludwig Wittgenstein und die Fuzzy-Strukturen - Eine kleine „Bildergeschichte“ zur Erkenntnisphilosophie J. Limberg, R. Seising (Medizinische Universität Wien): Sequenzvergleiche im Fuzzy-Hypercube M. Steinbrecher, R. Kruse (OvG-Universität Magdeburg): Visualisierung temporaler Abhängigkeiten in Bayesschen Netzen M. Schneider, R. Tillmann, U. Lehmann, J. Krone, P. Langbein, U. Stark, J. Schrickel, Ch. Ament, P. Otto (FH Südwestfalen, Airbus Deutschland GmbH, Hamburg, TU Ilmenau): Künstliches Neuronales Netz zur Analyse der Geometrie von großflächig gekrümmten Bauteilen C. Frey (FhG IITB Karlsruhe): Prozessdiagnose und Monitoring feldbusbasierter Automatisierungsanlagen mittels selbstorganisierender Karten
TRENTOOL : an open source toolbox to estimate neural directed interactions with transfer entropy
(2011)
To investigate directed interactions in neural networks we often use Norbert Wiener's famous definition of observational causality. Wiener’s definition states that an improvement of the prediction of the future of a time series X from its own past by the incorporation of information from the past of a second time series Y is seen as an indication of a causal interaction from Y to X. Early implementations of Wiener's principle – such as Granger causality – modelled interacting systems by linear autoregressive processes and the interactions themselves were also assumed to be linear. However, in complex systems – such as the brain – nonlinear behaviour of its parts and nonlinear interactions between them have to be expected. In fact nonlinear power-to-power or phase-to-power interactions between frequencies are reported frequently. To cover all types of non-linear interactions in the brain, and thereby to fully chart the neural networks of interest, it is useful to implement Wiener's principle in a way that is free of a model of the interaction [1]. Indeed, it is possible to reformulate Wiener's principle based on information theoretic quantities to obtain the desired model-freeness. The resulting measure was originally formulated by Schreiber [2] and termed transfer entropy (TE). Shortly after its publication transfer entropy found applications to neurophysiological data. With the introduction of new, data efficient estimators (e.g. [3]) TE has experienced a rapid surge of interest (e.g. [4]). Applications of TE in neuroscience range from recordings in cultured neuronal populations to functional magnetic resonanace imaging (fMRI) signals. Despite widespread interest in TE, no publicly available toolbox exists that guides the user through the difficulties of this powerful technique. TRENTOOL (the TRansfer ENtropy TOOLbox) fills this gap for the neurosciences by bundling data efficient estimation algorithms with the necessary parameter estimation routines and nonparametric statistical testing procedures for comparison to surrogate data or between experimental conditions. TRENTOOL is an open source MATLAB toolbox based on the Fieldtrip data format. ...
Der (...) Beitrag setzt sich strukturell auf drei Ebenen mit Rolf Hochhuths Dramenpoetik auseinander. Erstens wird die gegenläufige Beziehung zwischen ihrem historisch-adäquaten Gestaltungsanspruch und ihrer literarisch-symbolhaften Überformung analysiert. Zweitens wird Hochhuths Verhältnis zu den für ihn poetologisch bedeutsamen Vorgängern Lessing und Schiller untersucht. Drittens geht es um die Frage, welche Konsequenzen sich aus der in den »Guerillas« formulierten Darstellungsabsicht ziehen lassen, der realen Wirklichkeit durch die Projektion einen neuen (literarischen) Wirklichkeit entgegenzutreten.
The focus of the discussion at the conference on September 23, 2004 was on the long-term impact on capital markets and pension systems. The speakers tried to identify the direction and magnitude of potential changes as well as the likelihood of an eventual asset meltdown. The conference's objective was to combine insights from academia with those from the financial community in order to provide a more comprehensive outlook on capital market developments. Conference Reader Nr. 2005/01
Over the past two decades the “one drug – one target – one disease” concept became the prevalent paradigm in drug discovery. The main idea of this approach is the identification of a single protein target whose inhibition leads to a successful treatment of the examined disease. The predominant assumption is that highly selective ligands would avoid unwanted side effects caused by binding to secondary non-therapeutic targets. In recent years the results of post-genomic and network biology showed that proteins rarely act in isolated systems but rather as a part of a highly connected network [1]. In addition this connectivity leads to more robust systems that cannot be interfered by the inhibition of a single target of that network and consequently might not lead to the desired therapeutic effect [2]. Furthermore studies prove that robust systems are rather affected by weak inhibitions of several parts than by a complete inhibition of a single selected element of that system [3]. Therefore there is an increasing interest in developing drugs that take effect on multiple targets simultaneously but is concurrently a great challenge for medicinal chemists. There has to be a sufficient activity on each target as well as an adequate pharmacokinetic profile [4]. Early design strategies tried to link the pharmacophors of known inhibitors, however these methods often lead to high molecular weight and low ligand efficacy. We present a new rational approach based on a retrosynthetic combinatorial analysis procedure [5] on approved ligands of multiple targets. These RECAP fragments are used to design a large combinatorial library containing molecules featuring chemical properties of each ligand class. The molecules are further validated by machine learning models, like random forests and self-organizing maps, regarding their activity on the targets of interest.
Goethe und Schiller als "klassische Autoren" zu bezeichnen, wie im Titel dieses Vortrags geschehen, ist durchaus nicht selbstverständlich. Ebenso wie ihre Reklamation als "Nationalautoren" gehört ihre Einreihung unter die Klassiker der Wirkungsgeschichte ihres Werkes, und zwar speziell der deutschen Rezeption an. In England werden Goethe und Schiller unter die Romantiker gezählt, in Frankreich wird nahezu ausschließlich die mehr als hundert Jahre frühere französische Literatur von Corneille (1606-1684) bis Racine (1639-1699) als "klassisch" bezeichnet. [...] Der Begriff des "Klassischen" schwankt durch diese Rückbindung an die Antike zwischen stiltypologischer und historischer Bedeutung, d.h. zwischen der Bezeichnung mustergültiger und harmonisch proportionierter Literatur einerseits, und dem Bezug auf die griechische und römische Antike andererseits. Darin liegt das Problem jeder nachantiken Klassik, die sich zwar von den antiken Vorbildern lösen will, um selbst mustergültig werden zu können, zugleich aber an den antiken Autoren gemessen wird. Goethe selbst hat in seinem Aufsatz "literarischer Sansculottismus" während der Hochphase der "Weimarer Klassik" (1795) die Ansicht vertreten, in Deutschland seien die Voraussetzungen nicht gegeben, unter denen klassische Autoren entstehen könnten.
[Erhard Schütz skizziert vier Phasen:] 1. Das Doppel von sozialdemokratischer Selbstbildproduktion und bildungsbürgerlicher Einhegungsbeschwörung (ca. 1850–1917) 2. Das Doppel von Hegemonial-Konkurrenz in der Arbeiterbewegung und neusachlicher Funktionalitätsfaszination (ca. 1917–1933) 3. Das Doppel von Produktionsverherrlichung als politischer Systemfeier und industriepopularisierender Sachliteratur (ca. 1933–1961) 4. Das Doppel von industrieweltlichem Sozialrealismus und politischer Systemagitation. (ca. 1961–1987) Arbeiterliteratur im engeren Sinne fundiert sich zunächst entscheidend in einer vom Industrieproletariat ausgehenden, gesellschaftlichen Zukunftsperspektive. Sie ist in diesem strikteren Sinne Teil von Arbeiterkultur. Arbeiterkultur war – zugespitzt – geprägt durch Arbeitsplatz, Familie und Verein. Als solches ist sie natürlich auch Gegenstand von Arbeiterliteratur gewesen. Aber Arbeiterliteratur ist darüber hinaus durch die Arbeiterkultur formbestimmt. Sie ist in diesem Sinne weder ein Ausdruck der sozialen Lage der Arbeiter noch der Reflex eines Klassenbewußtseins. Ihre Spezifik besteht zunächst vielmehr darin, den, wie Klaus-Michael Bogdal es ausdrückt, "Prozeß der Subjektkonstituierung der Arbeiter" zu verstärken und zu sichern, "indem sie einen wirksamen Code der Ich-Rede zur Verfügung stellt". Arbeiter-Schriftsteller bedienten sich mit der Literatur eines Bereichs, der traditionell als besonders intensi-ver und höchster Ausdruck von Subjektivität galt, um darin ein "kollektives Arbeiter-Subjekt" zu imaginieren. Oder anders gesagt: In der historischen Arbeiterliteratur konstituierte sich in Literatur, im Medium emphatischer Subjektivität, ein Schreiben in transindividuell-sozietärer Perspektive. Das prägt vor allem die frühe Phase der Arbeiterliteratur im 19. Jahrhundert.
The multiplicity fluctuations in A+A collisions at SPS and RHIC energies are studied within the HSD transport approach. We find a dominant role of the fluctuations in the nucleon participant number for the final fluctuations. In order to extract physical fluctuations one should decrease the fluctuations in the participants number. This can be done considering very central collisions. The system size dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations in central A+A collisions at the SPS energy range – obtained in the HSD and UrQMD transport models – is presented. The results can be used as a ‘background’ for experimental measurements of fluctuations as a signal of the critical point. Event-by-event fluctuations of the K/p , K/p and p/p ratios in A+A collisions are also studied. Event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion number ratio in nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied for SPS and RHIC energies. We find that the HSD model can qualitatively reproduce the measured excitation function for the K/p ratio fluctuations in central Au+Au (or Pb+Pb) collisions from low SPS up to top RHIC energies. The forward-backward correlation coefficient measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is also studied. We discuss the effects of initial collision geometry and centrality bin definition on correlations in nucleus-nucleus collisions. We argue that a study of the dependence of correlations on the centrality bin definition as well as the bin size may distinguish between these ‘trivial’ correlations and correlations arising from ‘new physics’. 5th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement - CPOD 2009, June 08 - 12 2009 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York, USA
Using faculty-librarian partnerships to ensure that students become information fluent in the 21st century In the 21st century educators in partnership with librarians must prepare students effectively for productive use of information especially in higher education. Students will need to graduate from universities with appropriate information and technology skills to enable them to become productive citizens in the workplace and in society. Technology is having a major impact on society; in economics e-business is moving to the forefront; in communication e-mail, the Internet and cellular telephones have reformed how people communicate; in the work environment computers and web utilizations are emphasized and in education virtual learning and teaching are becoming more important. These few examples indicate how the 21st century information environment requires future members of the workforce to be information fluent so they will have the ability to locate information efficiently, evaluate information for specific needs, organize information to address issues, apply information skillfully to solve problems, use information to communicate effectively, and use information responsibly to ensure a productive work environment. Individuals can achieve information fluency by acquiring cultural, visual, computer, technology, research and information management skills to enable them to think critically.
Teaching information literacy: substance and process This presentation explores the concept of information literacy within the broader context of higher education. It argues that, certain assertions in the library literature notwithstanding, the concepts associated with information literacy are not new, but rather very closely resemble the qualities traditionally considered to characterize a well-educated person. The presentation also considers the extent to which the higher education system does indeed foster the attributes commonly associated with information literacy. The term information literacy has achieved the immediacy it currently enjoys within the library community with the advent of the so-called "information age" The information age is commonly touted in the literature, both popular and professional, as constituting nothing short of a revolution. Academic librarians and other educators have of course felt called upon to make their teaching reflect both the growing proliferation of information formats and the major transformations affecting the process of information seeking. Faced with so much novelty and uncertainty, it is no surprise that many have felt that these changes call for a revolution in teaching. It is within this context that the concept of information literacy has flourished. It is argued in this presentation, however, that by treating information literacy as an essentially new specialty that owes much of its importance to the plethora of electronic information, we risk obscuring some of the most fundamental and enduring educational values we should be imparting to our students. Much of the literature on information literacy assumes - rather than argues - that recent changes in the way we approach education are indications of progress. Indeed, much of the self-narrative that institutions produce (in bulletins, mission statements, web sites, etc.) endorses an approach to education that will result in lifelong learners who are critical consumers of information. After critically examining the degree to which such statements of educational approach reflect reality, this presentation concludes by considering the effects of certain changes in the culture of higher education. It considers particularly the transformation - at least in North America - of the traditional model of higher education as a public good to a market-driven business model. It poses the question of whether a change of this significance might in fact detract from, rather than promote, the development of information literate students.
Im Rahmen dieses Vortrages, anlässlich von Herders 200. Todesjahr und der Buchveröffentlichung gleichnamigen Titels, soll nicht die Vita von Johann Gottfried Herder nachgezeichnet werden, vielmehr sollen einige resümierende Gedanken Michael Zarembas jahrzehntelanger Beschäftigung mit Leben und Werk des Predigers der Humanität vorgetragen werden.
Typologisches Denken gerät im 17. Jahrhundert in Unordnung, wenn die Figuren des Barock, wie der Simplicissimus, nicht (länger) das erfüllen, was sie versprechen und zugleich andere Aspekte des Figurenbegriffs an Bedeutung gewinnen. An diesem Punkt setzte die Tagung „Barocke Figuren. Zeit – Gestalt – Medien“ (27.-29. Oktober 2010, Universität Konstanz) an. Sie untersuchte eben jene (atypischen) Figuren, die sich gegen eine strenge Typologisierung sperren, deren Umwege, Metamorphosen, Begegnungen und Konflikte es aber erlauben, die Frage, was im Barock eine Figur ausmacht, in begrifflich-analytischer Perspektive neu zu stellen.
To investigate the formation and the propagation of relativistic shock waves in viscous gluon matter we solve the relativistic Riemann problem using a microscopic parton cascade. We demonstrate the transition from ideal to viscous shock waves by varying the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio n/s. Furthermore we compare our results with those obtained by solving the relativistic causal dissipative fluid equations of Israel and Stewart (IS), in order to show the validity of the IS hydrodynamics. Employing the parton cascade we also investigate the formation of Mach shocks induced by a high-energy gluon traversing viscous gluon matter. For n/s = 0.08 a Mach cone structure is observed, whereas the signal smears out for n/s >=0.32.
This paper shows the equivalence of applicative similarity and contextual approximation, and hence also of bisimilarity and contextual equivalence, in the deterministic call-by-need lambda calculus with letrec. Bisimilarity simplifies equivalence proofs in the calculus and opens a way for more convenient correctness proofs for program transformations. Although this property may be a natural one to expect, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one providing a proof. The proof technique is to transfer the contextual approximation into Abramsky’s lazy lambda calculus by a fully abstract and surjective translation. This also shows that the natural embedding of Abramsky’s lazy lambda calculus into the call-by-need lambda calculus with letrec is an isomorphism between the respective term-models. We show that the equivalence property proven in this paper transfers to a call-by-need letrec calculus developed by Ariola and Felleisen. 1998 ACM Subject Classification: F.4.2, F.3.2, F.3.3, F.4.1. Key words and phrases: semantics, contextual equivalence, bisimulation, lambda calculus, call-by-need, letrec.
Du fait de la traite négrière qui a vu des millions d’Africains être déportés aux Amériques, les langues européennes (anglais, espagnol, français, néerlandais, portugais) des colons qui y étaient déjà installés et qui avaient un fort besoin en main-d’oeuvre africaine, ont eu à intégrer à des degrés divers de nombreux mots africains. Les chercheurs qui travaillent sur ces africanismes sont d’accord pour dire que ces mots ont deux grandes origines africaines : bantoue et non-bantoue.
Ziel des Seminars war, sportmedizinische und präventivmedizinische Aspekte zu Fitness und Wellness zu präsentieren und hierbei insbesondere auf die historische Entwicklung der Sportmedizin einzugehen sowie Techniken und Wirkungen verschiedener Massageformen und ganzheitliche asiatische Gesundheitsansätze und Bewegungskünste zu erörtern.
„Perspektiven für die Zukunft unserer Kultur im 21. Jahrhundert“ ist das Thema, das ich leichtfertig benannt habe. Leichtfertig, weil es natürlich anmaßend ist, anmaßend wie die Kunst selbst. Als ob man das wüsste. Als ob man dazu etwas sagen könnte. Als ob diese „Zukunft“ mal eben so - kurz vor dem Mittagessen - aufsteigen könnte, wie Perlen aus dem Prosecco. Ich glaube schon, dass man dazu etwas sagen kann. Bescheidener: ich will es wenigstens versuchen und ein paar Überlegungen äußern, die Ihnen ein Bild vermitteln, wie ich denke, wer ich bin, was mich umtreibt, wofür ich stehe. Als Mensch, aber auch als derjenige, der dem künftigen Thalia Theater die Richtung gibt.