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Die Monotheismusdebatte, die durch Jan Assmann angestoßen worden ist, wird in weiten Teilen im biblischen Kontext geführt. Der historische Prozess, in dem sich im vorderen Orient die Idee des einen Gottes aus einem polytheistischen Umfeld herausschält oder, wie Assmann meint, das Ergebnis eines revolutionären Umschwungs ist, ist eine unter vielen anderen historischen Varianten der Entstehung des Eingottglaubens. In seinen Publikationen „Moses – der Ägypter“ von 1998 und „Die mosaische Unterscheidung“ aus dem Jahr 2003 geht es Assmann nicht nur um die Beschreibung und Deutung eines besonderen historischen Kontextes, sondern um ein grundlegendes Deutungsmuster des Phänomens Monotheismus, das die Unterscheidung zwischen wahrer und falscher Religion und damit eine grundlegende Veränderung in der Beurteilung anderer Traditionen gebracht hätte. Er schreibt: „Ebenso wenig lässt sich aber bestreiten, dass sie (die monotheistischen Religionen) gleichzeitig eine neue Form von Hass in die Welt gebracht haben: den Hass auf Heiden, Ketzer, Götzendiener und ihre Tempel, Riten und Götter.“ Es stellt sich nun die Frage, ob die religionsgeschichtlichen Befunde in einer erweiterten Perspektive seine Deutung stärken oder relativieren. Auch wenn viele von Assmanns Einzelbeobachtungen nachvollziehbar, höchst interessant und für die weitere Diskussion anregend sind, soll es hier darum gehen, ob die These von der mosaischen Unterscheidung an sich religionswissenschaftlich haltbar ist. Ein entscheidender Mangel zeigt sich direkt auf den ersten Blick; denn seine Ausführungen beziehen sich primär auf die drei in Vorderasien aus gemeinsamen Wurzeln entstandenen abrahamitischen Religionen Judentum, Christentum und Islam. Gesprochen wird aber immer wieder von dem Monotheismus als einem Grundprinzip religiöser Traditionsbildung. ...
The adult morphology of the recently established species Somatochlora borisi Marinov, 2001 is outlined. The species has a unique combination of features, especially when compared to representatives of the two closest European genera, Cordulia Leach, 1815 and Somatochlora Selys, 1871 but also compared to other Holarctic genera and species within the Corduliinae (sensu Garrison et al. 2006). The extent of these morphological differences suggests that the species can not be assigned to any of the extant genera, and therefore the new genus Corduliochlora is being established.
This preliminary checklist of Aphodiini south of the United States is prepared to provide published data for a future web-based checklist of all New World Aphodiinae. All species names are used in combination with their currently accepted generic name, creating many new combinations. A few genus-species combinations are discussed. New synonymies based on recent studies of type specimens are made: Aphodius azteca Harold = Aphodius multimaculosus Hinton; Aphodius ornatus Schmidt = Aphodius magnopunctatus Hinton; Aphodius caracaensis Petrovitz = Aphodius brasilicola Balthasar; Aphodius guatemalensis Bates = Aphodius striatipennis Petrovitz; Aphodius kuntzeni Schmidt = Aphodius amplinotum Gordon and Howden = Aphodius michiliensis Deloya; Aphodius bimaculosus Schmidt = Aphodius xalapensis Galante et al.; Aphodius caracanus Balthasar = Aphodius martinsi Petrovitz; Aphodius volxemi Harold = Aphodius squamifer Petrovitz.
Almost two thousand years ago the question was asked, "And who is my neighbor?", and Jesus answered it with the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10. 29-37), and so the idea of charity was inseparably linked with Christianity. However, it is almost a common opinion that Western Christianity and Russian Orthodoxy have quite different approaches to this item. According to that opinion, the Catholic Church had more concern about one's bodily needs and explicit welfare, while the Russian Orthodoxy paid less attention to the ''explicit man" and took more care of "the inner man". The Russian Orthodox tradition - though it has its own method in ascetism, apotheosis, general and private prayer - pays too little attention to the needy and deprived members of society. To raise the question about mollification of the deprived people's torments and to see it as a way towards the Kingdom of God seems alien to the very essence of Russian Orthodoxy. Did the Russian Orthodox Church ever refuse to help beggars and cripples? Or do the facts still show another picture? Since when did Russian Orthodox Church start to neglect that task? Which reasons have proved that charity has been unable to flourish in the Orthodox Church and especially Russian Orthodox Church as flourished her spirituality and arts: icon painting, choral singing, and church architecture? Let us have a brief outlook on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and find out if there are any reasons to explain the reason.
Australasian Arachnology 76 features a comprehensive update on the taxonomy and systematics of jumping spiders of Australia by Marek Zabka. Thanks a lot for this interesting contribution! It is great to see some arachnological student activities in Australasia. This issue contains two theses abstracts: one by Sara Ceccarelli (on ants and jumping spiders) and one by Adam Peck (on tree trunk spider assemblages). Congratulations for your great achievements and I hope you will stick to arachnids in your future professional careers.
Aussiger Beiträge 1/2007
(2007)
Die vorliegende Erstausgabe der 'Aussiger Beiträge' verwirklicht das Konzept langjähriger Überlegungen zu einer germanistischen Schriftenreihe mit sowohl innovativen wissenschaftlichen als auch lehrpraktischen Bezügen im Bereich der Literatur, Linguistik, Didaktik und Kulturgeschichte. Sie ist in erster Linie von dem Gedanken getragen, eine internationale Fachzeitschrift mit hohem Gebrauchswert zu schaffen und möchte – gewissermaßen aus der Mitte eines bewegten Europas heraus – als Periodikum neue Impulse zu anstehenden Fachdiskussionen geben. Der besondere Standort Ústí nad Labem / Aussig und die hier seit 1990 als Institution erfolgreich etablierte Germanistik mögen dafür die geeignete Basis liefern, die 'Aussiger Beiträge' jedenfalls bemühen sich um eine Verständigung über die politischen und sprachlichen Grenzen hinaus.
In der Zeitschrift Studia Germanistica werden Forschungsergebnisse zu aktuellen Themen auf dem Gebiet der germanistischen Linguistik, Literaturwissenschaft und DaF-Didaktik publiziert, die den Stand der Forschung in Tschechien sowie im Ausland dokumentieren. Bestandteile der Zeitschrift sind kulturwissenschaftliche Studien und Rezensionen.
Der zweite Band der "Studia germanistica" setzt die schon im ersten Band deklarierte Ausrichtung dieser Reihe fort: Sie soll nicht nur die Forschungstätigkeit des Lehrstuhls für Germanistik an der Universität Ostrava dokumentieren, sondern auch das Bild von seiner Zusammenarbeit mit einheimischen germanistischen Instituten sowie von seinen vielseitigen internationalen Beziehungen geben.
Als Seitenprodukt der Arbeiten am Lexikon der Filmbegriffe (Mainz: Bender-Verlag 2002ff) entstand eine Liste der in der Literatur auftauchenden Abkürzungen. Im Alphabet der Abkürzungen liste ich im folgenden die Funde auf. Für Hinweise und Korrekturen danke ich Christine Noll Brinckmann und Jeanpaul Goergen.
Descriptions of pupal cases of Dialeurodes schefflerae, new species, as well as distribution records are presented. This species is known to occur in Florida, Hawaii and Puerto Rico appearing to feed only on species of Schefflera Forst and Forst. This restriction to plant hosts in the Asian genus Schefflera, along with its affinities with Dialeurodes agalmae Takahashi, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) and Dialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky), suggests it is an invasive species, probably endemic to the Asian region.
A new species of Physoconops Szilady, P. (Pachyconops) weemsi, is described from Florida and Georgia. It is similar to two other species in the southeastern United States, P. floridanus Camras and P. brachyrhynchus Macquart, the main differential character being the shape of the female theca. The female thecae for all three are illustrated and a key to the three related Pachyconops species occurring in the southeastern United States is presented.
Published claims in 1887-1903 that the mole cricket Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty) occurs in Puerto Rico all seem to be derived from a misidentification made by Agustín Stahl, a medical practitioner and collector of natural history objects, published in 1882. That species does not seem now to occur in Puerto Rico and almost certainly never did. However, the opportunity still exists for it to colonize by wind-assisted flight from islands to the southeast just as we believe did the mole cricket Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille) as an immigrant. Stahl evidently mistook the latter for the former. According to some subsequent authors, he also stated that it (the mole cricket now believed to be S. didactylus) arrived in the port of Mayagüez in a cargo of guano about 1850 from Peru and thus colonized Puerto Rico. We found no verification for that story, and we doubt it. The first detection of the presence of S. didactylus in Puerto Rico may have been by a French expedition in 1797, but this species may have been present much earlier. Two other species of Scapteriscus were later detected in Puerto Rico. One, S. abbreviatus Scudder, was detected in 1917 and likely arrived as a contaminant of ship ballast some time earlier, perhaps at the port of Mayagüez. The other, S. imitatus Nickle and Castner, was detected about 1940 and seems to have been introduced inadvertently, as a result of mistaken identity. In broad terms, S. didactylus, S. abbreviatus, and S. imitatus are adventive species (meaning they arrived from somewhere else and are not native) in Puerto Rico. The vernacular name changa in Puerto Rico is owned by S. didactylus, which is called West Indian mole cricket in the English-speaking Caribbean. Historical accounts suggest that populations of S. didactylus and of two pest Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) surged after 1876/1877 and declined after 1920. This coincidence suggests that the cause may have been the same. The cause of the rise might conceivably have been introduction of the mongoose Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire) in 1877 (because it may have destroyed vertebrate predators) and the cause of the decline might conceivably have been introduction of the toad Bufo marinus L. in 1920, because it is a predator of Phyllophaga and Scapteriscus.
A generic-level phylogenetic review of the Macrodactylini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)
(2007)
A revision of the generic classification of the tribe Macrodactylini is provided using morphological characters of adults. The revision is based on a taxonomic analysis of 80 genera historically placed in the tribe and a cladistic analysis of 32 genera conforming to the new tribal definition. Synapomorphies for the newly defined Macrodactylini include: the length of the fifth ventrite longer than the fourth ventrite when viewed ventrally, fifth ventrite lacking a complete suture between the tergite and sternite, and the metathoracic tibial spurs (if present) offset, allowing the metatarsus to move past them. Thirty-two genera constitute the newly defined Macrodactylini: Agaocnemis Moser, Alvarinus Blanchard, Ancistrosoma Curtis, Anomonyx Saylor, Anoplosiagum Blanchard, Astaenosiagum Martínez, Barybas Blanchard, Calodactylus Blanchard, Ceraspis Le Peletier and Serville, Ceratolontha Arrow, Chariodactylus Moser, Chariodema Blanchard, Chremastodus Solier, Clavipalpus Laporte, Ctenotis Burmeister, Dasyus Le Peletier and Serville, Dicrania Le Peletier and Serville, Gama Blanchard, Gastrohoplus Moser, Hercitis Burmeister, Hieritis Burmeister, Isonychus Mannerheim, Issacaris Fairmaire, Macrodactylus Dejean, Manodactylus Moser, Manopus Laporte, Oedichira Burmeister, Pectinosoma Arrow, Plectris Le Peletier and Serville, Pristerophora Harold, Rhinaspis Perty, and Schizochelus Blanchard. Sixteen genera are removed or their removal is confirmed from the historical Macrodactylini: Coenonycha Horn, Dichelonyx Harris, and Gymnopyge Linell (to Dichelonychini), Homalochilus Blanchard, Homoliogenys Gutiérrez, Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, and Pacuvia Curtis (to Diplotaxini), Diphycerus Deyrolle and Fairmaire (to Diphycerini), Hyperius Deyrolle and Fairmaire (to Melolonthini), Apterodemidea Gutiérrez (to Sericoidini), Blepharotoma Blanchard (to Liparetrini ), Diaphylla Erichson (removed from Macrodactylini, and currently unplaced into existing melolonthine tribes), Hilarianus Blanchard, Manonychus Moser, Pseudoisonychus Frey (removed from Macrodactylini, and currently unplaced into existing melolonthine tribes) and Zabacana Saylor (to Epectinaspis (Rutelinae)). Nine new generic synonyms are proposed: Corminus Burmeister, junior synonym of Alvarinus Blanchard; Ctilocephala Burmeister, Eubarybas Gutiérrez, and Pseudohercitis Moser, each a junior synonym of Barybas Blanchard; Byrasba Harold, Rhinaspoides Moser, and Ulomenes Blanchard, each a junior synonym of Rhinaspis Perty; Demodema Blanchard, a junior synonym of Plectris Le Peletier and Serville; and Pachylotoma Blanchard, junior synonym of Gama Blanchard.
This article examines the narratives with regard to lifting the boycott decisions imposed upon the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. There are basically two narratives about this event. While the first one relies on more accurate knowledge, the other contains a speculative scenario. However, since these two narratives were mixed with each other in time, some contradictory information was narrated, especially information based on a speculative scenario became most popular among the people. At the end, it is understood that the document that included the decisions of boycott was not destroyed in a mysterious way, but torn by a group of people.