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Im Anschluss an Foucault könnte man sagen, dass die Funktion 'Herausgeber' darin besteht, erster Leser und zweiter Autor eines Texts zu sein, dadurch Kohärenz zu stiften und dem Text einen Rahmen zu geben. Dies geschieht durch eine Reihe editorialer Tätigkeiten: erstens das sammelnde Zusammenlesen von Manuskripten, zweitens das arrangierende Zusammenstellen der Textteile (ein Vorgang, den man auch als Zusammenschreiben bezeichnen könnte); drittens das kommentierende Dazuschreiben, das sich auf den Text als ein Gewebe von Spuren bezieht. Mit dieser kommentierenden Bezugnahme auf den Text findet eine diskursive Rahmung statt, die sich häufig als Paratext manifestiert: als Fußnote, als Überschrift, als Marginalie, als Inhaltsverzeichnis oder als Index der erwähnten Namen und behandelten Themen. Dergestalt etabliert das kommentierende Dazuschreiben des Herausgebers – und zwar gleichgültig, ob es sich um einen fiktionalen oder einen faktualen Herausgeber handelt – ein zweites Netz editorialer Indices, die vom Rande her wie mit Zeigefingern auf den Text verweisen.
We adopt Markert and Nissim (2005)’s approach of using the World Wide Web to resolve cases of coreferent bridging for German and discuss the strength and weaknesses of this approach. As the general approach of using surface patterns to get information on ontological relations between lexical items has only been tried on English, it is also interesting to see whether the approach works for German as well as it does for English and what differences between these languages need to be accounted for. We also present a novel approach for combining several patterns that yields an ensemble that outperforms the best-performing single patterns in terms of both precision and recall.
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. This way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. This definition gives a better understanding of the formalism, it allows a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, it can be exploited for parsing.
Intrinsic motivation, the causal mechanism for spontaneous exploration and curiosity, is a central concept in developmental psychology. It has been argued to be a crucial mechanism for open-ended cognitive development in humans, and as such has gathered a growing interest from developmental roboticists in the recent years. The goal of this paper is threefold. First, it provides a synthesis of the different approaches of intrinsic motivation in psychology. Second, by interpreting these approaches in a computational reinforcement learning framework, we argue that they are not operational and even sometimes inconsistent. Third, we set the ground for a systematic operational study of intrinsic motivation by presenting a formal typology of possible computational approaches. This typology is partly based on existing computational models, but also presents new ways of conceptualizing intrinsic motivation. We argue that this kind of computational typology might be useful for opening new avenues for research both in psychology and developmental robotics.