Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (31215) (remove)
Language
- English (15825)
- German (13382)
- Portuguese (696)
- French (387)
- Croatian (251)
- Spanish (250)
- Italian (134)
- Turkish (113)
- Multiple languages (36)
- Latin (35)
Has Fulltext
- yes (31215)
Keywords
- Deutsch (503)
- taxonomy (449)
- Literatur (299)
- new species (193)
- Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (185)
- Rezeption (178)
- Übersetzung (163)
- Filmmusik (155)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (131)
- Vormärz (117)
Institute
- Medizin (5366)
- Physik (1919)
- Biowissenschaften (1144)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1113)
- Extern (1108)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (803)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (753)
- Geowissenschaften (592)
- Präsidium (453)
- Philosophie (448)
In the face of the worldwide COVIV-19 pandemic, refugees represent a particularly vulnerable group with respect to access to health care and information regarding preventive behavior. In an online survey the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale, self-reported changes in preventive and risk behaviors, knowledge about COVID-19, and psychopathological symptoms (PHQ-4) were assessed. The convenience sample consisted of n = 76 refugees (n = 45 Arabic speaking, n = 31 Farsi speaking refugees) and n = 76 German controls matched with respect to age and sex. Refugees reported a significantly larger fear of infection, significantly less knowledge about COVID-19, and a higher frequency of maladaptive behavior, as compared to the control group. This study shows that refugees are more vulnerable to fear of infection and maladaptive behaviors than controls. Culturally adapted, easily accessible education about COVID-19 may be beneficial in improving knowledge and preventive behaviors related to COVID-19.
Culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CA-CBT) is a well-evaluated, transdiagnostic group intervention for refugees that uses psychoeducation, meditation, and stretching exercises. In the current study, we added problem-solving training to CA-CBT and evaluated this treatment (i.e., CA-CBT+) in a randomized controlled pilot trial with a sample of Farsi-speaking refugees. Participants (N = 24) were male refugees diagnosed with DSM-5 PTSD, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders who were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waitlist control (WLC) condition. Treatment components were adapted both to the specific cultural background and the current social problems of asylum seekers. Assessments were performed pretreatment, 12-weeks posttreatment, and 1-year follow-up. The primary treatment outcome was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); secondary outcome measures included the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire, Somatic Symptom Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life, and Emotion Regulation Scale. Eleven of 12 participants were randomized to CA-CBT+ completed treatment. Based on intent-to-treat data, large between-group effect sizes were seen at posttreatment in the GHQ-28, d = 3.0, and for most secondary outcome measures. Improvements for individuals in the treatment group decreased at 1-year follow-up, but effect sizes demonstrated continued large improvements on all measures as compared to pretreatment levels. In summary, CA-CBT+ led to large improvements in general psychopathological distress and quality of life, which were maintained in the long term. In addition, the dropout rate was very low, with delivery in group format. Thus, problem-solving training appears to be a promising addition to CA-CBT.
Background: Within the last decades, there has been increasing research on the occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic ecosystems due to their potential adverse effects on freshwater organisms and risk to human health. However, information on CECs in freshwater environments in sub-Saharan countries is very limited. Here, we investigated the occurrence of CECs in snails and sediments collected from 48 sites within the Lake Victoria South Basin, Kenya, which have been previously investigated for water contamination. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with a target list of 429 compounds.
Results: In total, 30 compounds have been detected in snails and 78 in sediment samples, compared to 79 previously identified compounds in water. By extending the monitoring of CECs to snails and sediments, we found 68 compounds that were not previously detected in water. These compounds include the anti-cancer drug anastrozole, detected for the first time in the Kenyan environment. Individual compound concentrations were detected up to 480 ng/g wet weight (N-ethyl-o-toluenesulfonamide) in snails and 110 ng/g organic carbon (pirimiphos-methyl) in sediments. Higher contaminant concentrations were found in agricultural sites than in areas not impacted by anthropogenic activities. Crustaceans were the organisms at greatest toxic risk from sediment contamination [toxic unit (TU) up to 0.99] with diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl driving this risk. Acute and chronic risks to algae were driven by diuron (TU up to 0.24), whereas fish were found to be at low-to-no acute risk (TU up to 0.007).
Conclusions: The compound classes present at the highest frequencies in all matrices were pesticides and biocides. This study shows substantial contamination of surface water in rural western Kenya. By filling data gaps on contamination of sediments and aquatic biota, our study reveals that CECs pose a substantial risk to environmental health in Kenya demanding for monitoring and mitigation.
Den 'Gray Room' des künstlerischen Kollektivs Archizoom als Metapher für eine kuratorische Situation avant la lettre nach Bismarck aufgreifend, verbindet Nicole Kandioler diesen mit dem Konzept des "Sensoriums" nach Jacques Rancière, mit dem Letzterer das Setting des Aufeinandertreffens von Kunst und Politik beschreibt. Der als Sensorium gedachte Gray Room entfaltet in der Gegenüberstellung und Konfrontation dreier künstlerischer Positionen (Alfons Mucha, Kara Walker und Kateřina Šedá) konkrete Politiken des Medialen, die sich an post-imperialen, post-kolonialen und post-sozialistischen Motiven abarbeiten.
In der dritten Ausgabe des Periodicals möchten wir nach den Schnittstellen zwischen dem Bereich der Medienkomparatistik und dem Feld des Kuratorischen fragen, wobei wir die Verschiebung des 'Kuratierens' als inszenierende Praxis zum 'Kuratorischen' als Grundbedingung "des Öffentlich-Werdens von Kunst" sowie der Diskursivierung von medienwissenschaftlichem Wissen (über Kunst) zum Ausgangspunkt unserer Überlegungen nehmen.
During January/February 2013, at the High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch a measurement campaign was carried out, which was centered on atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INP) and ice particle residuals (IPR). Three different techniques for separation of INP and IPR from the non-ice-active particles are compared. The Ice Selective Inlet (ISI) and the Ice Counterflow Virtual Impactor (Ice-CVI) sample ice particles from mixed phase clouds and allow for the analysis of the residuals. The combination of the Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber (FINCH) and the Ice Nuclei Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (IN-PCVI) provides ice-activating conditions to aerosol particles and extracts the activated INP for analysis.Collected particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to determine size, chemical composition and mixing state. All INP/IPR-separating techniques had considerable abundances (median 20 – 70 %) of instrumental contamination artifacts (ISI: Si-O spheres, probably calibration aerosol; Ice-CVI: Al-O particles; FINCH+IN-PCVI: steel particles). Also, potential sampling artifacts (e.g., pure soluble material) occurred with a median abundance of < 20 %. While these could be explained as IPR by ice break-up, for INP their IN-ability pathway is less clear. After removal of the contamination artifacts, silicates and Ca-rich particles, carbonaceous material and metal oxides were the major INP/IPR particle types separated by all three techniques. Soot was a minor contributor. Lead was detected in less than 10 % of the particles, of which the majority were internal mixtures with other particle types. Sea-salt and sulfates were identified by all three methods as INP/IPR. Most samples showed a maximum of the INP/IPR size distribution at 400 nm geometric diameter. In a few cases, a second super-micron maximum was identified. Soot/carbonaceous material and metal oxides were present mainly in the submicron range. ISI and FINCH yielded silicates and Ca-rich particles mainly with diameters above 1 μm, while the Ice-CVI also separated many submicron IPR. As strictly parallel sampling could not be performed, a part of the discrepancies between the different techniques may result from variations in meteorological conditions and subsequent INP/IPR composition. The observed differences in the particle group abundances as well as in the mixing state of INP/IPR express the need for further studies to better understand the influence of the separating techniques on the INP/IPR chemical
composition.
The Tijanya brotherhood founded by Cheikh Ahmed TIJANI in the second half of the XVIIIth century achieved a spectacular breakthrough in West Africa by the middle of the XIXth century. It was adopted and championed by the main figures of the resistance to the French colonial penetration : Cheikh Umar al-Futi TALL and Ahmadou Mahdiyu BA who were introduced to it respectively by Mohamed el-Ghali in Medina and Mohamed el-Hafez, and Id-on-Ali in Mederdra, Mauritania. Mamadou Lamine Dramé from the Gajaaga and Samba Diadana Ac also were figures of the anticolonial resistance who embraced Tijanya. Ahmadou Cheikhou, Cheikh Umar TALL's successor and eldest son, too was a tijane anticolonial hero whom Archinard's men killed in 1891, after his empire had gone through a long period of turmoil.
Motivated by recent experimental suggestions of charge-order-driven ferroelectricity in organic charge-transfer salts, such as κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl, we investigate magnetic and charge-ordered phases that emerge in an extended two-orbital Hubbard model on the anisotropic triangular lattice at 3/4 filling. This model takes into account the presence of two organic BEDT-TTF molecules, which form a dimer on each site of the lattice, and includes short-range intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and hoppings. By using variational wave functions and quantum Monte Carlo techniques, we find two polar states with charge disproportionation inside the dimer, hinting to ferroelectricity. These charge-ordered insulating phases are stabilized in the strongly correlated limit and their actual charge pattern is determined by the relative strength of intradimer to interdimer couplings. Our results suggest that ferroelectricity is not driven by magnetism, since these polar phases can be stabilized also without antiferromagnetic order and provide a possible microscopic explanation of the experimental observations. In addition, a conventional dimer-Mott state (with uniform density and antiferromagnetic order) and a nonpolar charge-ordered state (with charge-rich and charge-poor dimers forming a checkerboard pattern) can be stabilized in the strong-coupling regime. Finally, when electron–electron interactions are weak, metallic states appear, with either uniform charge distribution or a peculiar 12-site periodicity that generates honeycomb-like charge order.
Au Tchad, à cause de ses retombées financières une attention particulière est prêtée aux arbres à karité (Vitella- ria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.). Cependant, cette culture est menacée par les plantes vasculaires parasites de la famille des Lo- ranthaceae. La présente étude a été effectuée dans 3 sites dans la région du Mandoul pour évaluer l’ampleur des attaques de Loranthaceae (gui africain) sur des arbres en fonction des classes de circonférence du tronc à 1,5 cm du sol. Elle a consisté à dénombrer sur une de surface, les arbres à karité infestés et les touffes de parasites rencontrées sur ces arbres, afin de dé- terminer leur taux et leur intensité d’infestation. Les résultats obtenus montrent que Tapinanthus dodoneifolus (DC) Danser a été trouvée comme la seule espèce de Loranthaceae qui parasite les arbres karité étudiés dans la zone d’étude. Le taux moyen d’infestation estimé à 73% augmente avec l’âge des arbres karité. La moyenne d’intensité de l’infestation/arbre (2,75 touffes à Békôh, 2,27 à Yomi and 2,04 à Bébopen) montre que Tapinanthus dodoneifolus constitue une réelle menace pour les peu- plements de karité dans la zone d’étude. Il reste à rechercher le seuil d’infestation qui provoque une réduction significative de la fructification. Pour l’instant, bien que pénible à cause de la hauteur des arbres adultes, la lutte mécanique contre les Ta- pinanthus par la coupe systématique des branches infestées est urgente dans les parcs à karité dans cette zone d’étude.
A 24-year-old patient from Cameroon presented to our hospital because of a foreign structure in her left eye. To our knowledge, for the first time, fluorescent microscopy revealed motile microfilariae, and the diagnosis of loiasis was established. Despite substantial microfilaremia, eosinophilia only unmasked after the initiation of antiparasitic therapy.
Background: In the past, protease inhibitors (PIs) and the reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir were identified increasing the risk for thromboembolic complications and cardiovascular events (CVE) of HIV infected patients taking a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Results of the previous HIV-PLA I-study lead to the assumption that platelet activation could play a substantial role in increasing CVE risks.
Methods: The open label, monocentric HIV-PLA II-study investigated HIV-1-infected, therapy-naïve adults (n=45) starting with cART, consisting either of boosted PI (atazanavir, n= 6, darunavir, n=11), NNRTI (efavirenz, n=14) or integrase inhibitor (raltegravir, n=14), each plus tenofovir/emtricitabine co-medication. Main exclusion criteria were tobacco smoking, the intake of NSAIDs or abacavir or past CVE. Platelet adhesive molecule p-selectin (CD62P) and FITC anti-human Integrin α-IIb/Integrin β-3 (CD41/CD61) antibody (PAC-1) binding, monocyte CD11b/monocyte-associated CD41 expression and the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were assessed ex vivo-in vitro at baseline, weeks 4, 12 and 24. Therapy regimens were blinded to the investigators for laboratory and statistical analyses.
Results: CD11b and ETP showed no significant changes or differences between all study groups. In contrast, the mean + SD mean fluorescence units (MFI) of CD62P and PAC-1 increased significantly in patients taking PI, indicating an enhanced potential for thrombocyte activation and aggregation.
Conclusion: CD62P expression, detecting the ɑ-platelet degranulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors and adhesive proteins, and PAC-1 expression, representing a marker for conformation changes of the GIIb/IIIa receptor, increased significantly in patients taking HIV protease inhibitors. The findings of this study revealed a yet unknown pathway of platelet activation, possibly contributing to the increased risk for CVE under HIV protease inhibitor containing cART.
Clinical Trial Registration No.: DRKS00000288.
This paper reflects on legal pluralism. How did medieval societies incorporate both unwritten customs and written law at the same time? How did they constitute the process of finding justice? What is the essense of legal pluralism, and will it help us understand the situation of Taiwan’s indigenous population?
We aim to solve these problems by taking a closer look at medieval Saxony: for around 400 years, both laws given by the authorities and traditional customs in Saxony worked fine in parallel. The latter were put into writing by the legal practitioner Eike von Repgow around 1230 for reasons unknown. We refer to his collection of laws and customs of the Saxons as the Sachsenspiegel ("Mirror of Saxons").
While Saxons certainly differed from Taiwan’s indigenous population for many reasons, such as the supposedly weaker egalitarianism among the Saxons than among at least some indigenous groups, the two show some remarkable similarities nonetheless. Just like the Taiwanese Gaya, the Sachsenspiegel’s spiritual origin raises the claim to validity. Furthermore, comparing the handling of a person’s sale of inherited property, the legal situations in the Sachsenspiegel and Taiwan’s unwritten customs resemble each other. The heir can transfer only property he acquired personally. Furthermore, the author discusses the different character of courts and procedure under oral law in contrast to written modern law.
Finally, the paper concludes with some remarks about a learned commentary on the Sachsenspiegel written around 1325, combined with an outlook on the possible future of Taiwanese customs.
Ob eine Suche nach Rechtsbegriffen des Mittelalters förderlich sei, erscheine – so Harald Siems – zweifelhaft. Theoretische Reflexionen über Recht habe man im Frühen Mittelalter kaum angestellt. Jedenfalls nicht in der Intensität, dass sie sich zum Begriff verdichtet hätten. Die Frage nach dem Rechtsbegriff sei auch deshalb fehl am Platze, weil im Frühmittelalter so etwas zur Lösung von Rechtsfragen nichts hätte beitragen können. Warum sollte jemand auf die Idee kommen, "quasi auf Vorrat" Rechtsbegriffe zu entwickeln? Schon wenn es um konkrete Rechtsfragen wie beispielsweise die Behandlung von Diebstahl oder Raub geht, fehle es "noch lange an Begriff und System". Diese knappe Feststellung bringt Siems’ Ausführungen für einen kurzen Moment in die Nähe von Überlegungen, die Pilch anstellt und die auf dieser Tagung zu verfolgen sind. Aber wirklich nur für einen Augenblick blitzt das auf: Siems sagt, Rechtsbegriffe seien eine schwierige, abstrakte Kategorie, für die heute die Vertreter der Rechtstheorie und der Rechtsphilosophie zuständig seien. ...