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Fragment mass distributions for fission after full momentum transfer were measured in the reactions of 30Si,34,36 S,31P,40Ar + 238U at bombarding energies around the Coulomb barrier. Mass distributions change significantly as a function of incident beam energy. The asymmetric fission probability increases at sub-barrier energy. The phenomenon is interpreted as an enhanced quasifission probability owing to orientation effects on fusion and/or quasifission. The evaporation residue (ER) cross sections were measured in the reactions of 30Si + 238U and 34S + 238U to obtain information on fusion. In the latter reaction, significant suppression of fusion was implied. This suggests that fission events different from compound nucleus are included in the masssymmetric fragments. The results are supported by a model calculation based on a dynamical calculation using Langevin equation, in which the mass distribution for fusion-fission and quasifission fragments are separately determined.
We give a brief overview of recent work examining the presence of α-clusters in light nuclei within the Skyrme-force Hartree-Fock model. Of special signif cance are investigations into α-chain structures in carbon isotopes and 16O. Their stability and possible role in fusion reactions are examined in static and time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations. We f nd a new type of shape transition in collisions and a centrifugal stabilization of the 4α chain state in a limited range of angular momenta. No stabilization is found for the 3α chain.
The present limits of the upper part of the nuclear map are rather close to the beta stability line while the unexplored area of heavy neutron rich nuclides (also those located along the neutron closed shell N = 126 to the right hand side of the stability line) is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r-process of astrophysical nucleogenesis. For elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes (located to the left of the stability line) have been synthesized so far. The “north-east” area of the nuclear map can be reached neither in fusion–fission reactions nor in fragmentation processes widely used nowadays for the production of new nuclei. Multi-nucleon transfer processes in near barrier collisions of heavy ions seem to be the only reaction mechanism allowing us to produce and explore neutron rich heavy nuclei including those located at the superheavy island of stability. Neutron capture process can be also considered as an alternative method for the production of long-lived neutron rich superheavy nuclei. Strong neutron fluxes might be provided by nuclear reactors and nuclear explosions in laboratory frame and by supernova explosions in nature.
We found that a true ternary fission with formation of a heavy third fragment (a new kind of radioactivity) is quite possible for superheavy nuclei due to the strong shell effects leading to a three-body clusterization with the two doubly magic tin-like cores. The three-body quasifission process could be even more pronounced for giant nuclear systems formed in collisions of heavy actinide nuclei. In this case a three-body clusterization might be proved experimentally by detection of two coincident lead-like fragments in low-energy U+U collisions.
Dass Universitätsbauten in Frankfurt stilbildend sind, sieht jeder Besucher auf dem Campus Westend. Auch auf dem Riedberg, wo die Naturwissenschaftler ihren Campus haben, lernen die Studenten in hochwertigen Gebäuden. 152,4 Millionen Euro kosteten die drei Gebäude der zweiten Bauphase. Gestern wurden sie eingeweiht.
Viel Komfort hinter Gittern
(2011)
Das Kriegserlebnis im für und wider : "Im Westen nichts Neues" von Erich Maria Remarque (1929)
(2011)
Der nationale und internationale Erfolg deutet darauf hin, dass "Im Westen nichts Neues" zehn Jahren nach Kriegsende den Nerv der Nachkriegszeit getroffen haben musste, indem er einen im angloamerikanischen Raum inzwischen etablierten Kriegs- und Nachkriegsmythos der "verlorenen Generation" aufgriff, nach Deutschland importierte, ihm eine neue deutsche Eigenart verlieh und in dieser bereicherten und neuen Form wieder exportierte. Der Roman hat eine aktuelle politische Bedeutung und eine spätere Langzeitwirkung.
Dem bemerkenswerten wissenschafts- und ästhetikgeschichtlichen Interesse an Friedrich Theodor Vischers Werk in der Gegenwart lässt sich ein weiterer Akzent hinzufügen, wenn man Vischers repräsentative Rolle sowohl im Vormärz wie im Nachmärz rekonstruiert und dabei vor allem auf seine Selbstkorrekturen und Revisionen die Aufmerksamkeit lenkt. In wissenschaftshistorischen Studien der jüngsten Zeit gewinnt die 'Historische Epistemologie' an Kontur.