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During the past years, Fontinalis specimens with round, concave leaves were collected in Germany and Spain, which were named as F. antipyretica var. mollis. A comparison with the type of F. mollis revealed that they are not identical and accordingly are described as new variety, F. antiypretica var. rotundifolia.
The family Geocalycaceae are one of the largest families of leafy liverworts in India consisting of 9 genera and 27 species belongs to two subfamilies. Present study reports the distribution of members of this family in Kerala state. In Kerala the family Geocalycaceae are represented by 11 species belonging to three genera viz., Heteroscyphus (6 species), Chiloscyphus (3 species) and Lophocolea (2 species). Among these Chiloscyphus muricatus and Heteroscyphus bescherellei are new record of occurrence for the state of Kerala.
Reproduction in bryophytes is by asexual as well as sexual means. Asexual reproduction is a significant adaptation to special environments and occurs by a large variety of methods. During the last few decades, many of the bryophytes, particularly the dioecious ones are reported to have registered a decline in their fertile populations. There is, therefore, a need to understand the reasons for their disappearance.
Growth of nine species of cyanobacteria was observed on eight species of bryophytes (thalloid liverworts and mosses) growing in the polyhouse, Bryophyte conservatory (Moss House), at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Bryophytes were cultured in the laboratory and transferred to polyhouse for hardening and acclimatization. Cyanobacterial growth was observed on the bryophytes as a contamination due to which there was suppression of bryophyte growth. It was evident that cyanobacteria played a significant role of allelopathy.
Combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences showed paraphyly of bryophytes
(2013)
The present study was conducted using chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to gain insight on evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of both organelle genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences infer paraphyly of bryophytes.
The present contribution revealed the occurrence of Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson belonging to family Hypnaceae (Bryopsida) for the first time in Munsiyari region of Uttarakhand state, which is a new addition to the bryoflora of Western Himalayas. Earlier this species was known only from eastern Himalayas (Nepal).
The present study is a compilation of moss flora of Western Himalayas (India). This compilation listed 745 species of mosses, belonging to 19 orders; 55 families and 230 genera. Out of these 17 species have been reported endemic from Western Himalayas. 196 species have been synonymized and status of 86 species is still doubtful i.e. unresolved name. At present out of 745 only 463 species are validly known from this mountain range of India
Barail Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) lies amidst the tropical forests of the state Assam, India between the coordinates 24o58' – 25o5' North latitudes and 92o46' – 92o52' East longitudes. It covers an area of about 326.24 sq. km. with the altitude ranging from 100 – 1850 m. An ongoing study on the group Marchantiophyta (liverworts, bryophyta) of BWS reveals the presence of 42 species belonging to 24 genera and 14 families. Among these, one genus (Conocephalum Hill) and 13 species are recorded as new for the state of Assam, eight species have been found which are endemic to India, seven species are recorded as rare and one species, Heteroscyphus pandei S.C. Srivast. & Abha Srivast. as threatened within the study area. Out of 24 genera identified, 46% have been found growing purely as terrestrials, 25% as purely epiphytes and 29% have been found to grow both as terrestrials as well as epiphytes. Among these, a diverse and interesting range of microhabitats have also been observed for each taxon. It has been found that genera having vast range of microhabitats comprise large percentage of the total liverwort flora of BWS.
The present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to infer evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. Paraphyly of bryophytes was shown by reconstructed trees. Liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants in nucleotide based trees. However protein sequences based tree show mosses and liverworts to form a joint clade. Hornworts formed sister relationship with vascular plants.
Fontinalis antipyretica var. mollis is recorded for Spain, which differs by orbicular, not keeled leaves. The presence in the same tufts together with var. antiypretica reveals that it is a somatic mutant of the latter. A form of Pellia epiphylla was observed which has wide thallus margins of unistratose cells resembling those of Aneura maxima. A Campylopus was collected resembling C. flexuosus but with ventral stereids in transverse section of the costa. It is described as C. flexuosus var. anomalus. An (unsuccessful) attempt has been made to find the locality in which P. Allorge found Campylopus setifolius for the only time in the Iberian Peninsula. The bryophilous fungus Octosporella jungermanniarum is reported as new to Spain. Dicranodontium didymodon, known before from the Himalaya and western China, is reported as new to Europe.
The availability of organelle genome sequences in public databases facilitates the reconstruction of land plants phylogeny. Therefore the present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using chloroplast genome sequences of plants to study phylogenetic relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of organelle genome sequences in database. Inferred tree topologies showed paraphyly of bryophytes with sister relationship between hornworts and vascular plants irrespective of the method (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) and type of sequences (Nucleotide and Protein) used. Among bryophytes liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants. Moreover land plants formed a monophyletic group.
Allelopathic effect of Stichococcus bacillaris Nageli (Green Alga) on the growth of two bryophytes
(2013)
Stichococcus bacillaris (Green Alga) growth was observed as a contaminant on two taxa of bryophytes, a thalloid liverwort Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. ex. Lindb. and a hornwort Folioceros physocladus Bharad. ex Schiffn. et Pande, growing on soil in pots in acclimatization chamber of Moss House at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Due to this algal contamination, suppression of growth of these bryophytes has been observed. It was evident that succession of Stichococcus bacillaris and its interaction with bryophytes played a significant role of allelopathy.
The present contribution is an enumerated account of mosses of Munsyari (Pithoragarh), Western Himalayas. The study revealed the presence 8 orders, 20 families, 32 genera and 44 species in the area. Moss species viz. Anoectangium walkeri Broth., Actinothuidium hookeri (Mitt.) Broth. Stereophyllum ligulatum Jaeg., Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Fŭrnr., Hageniells assamica Dixon, Schoenobryum cocavifolia (Griff.) Gang., Entodon luteonitens Ren. et Card. and Physcomitrium pulchellum (Grif.) Mitt. are reported for the first time from Munsiyari hills as well as western Himalayas as welcome additions to the bryoflora of Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya).
Eight specimens of bryophytes from Baltic amber are described and illustrated, five mosses and three hepatics. The genus Grimmia as well as Brothera leana are reported for the first time as fossils. The mosses Ctenidium capillifolium, Atrichum groehnii and Hypnodontopsis fossilis as well as the hepatics Cylindrocolea dimorpha and Scapania hoffeinsiana are reported repeatedly. The hepatic Spruceanthus polonicus is recorded the second time and photographs are presented for the first time. In addition, a haplolepideous moss capsule as well as a unknown apparently pleurocarpous moss are illustrated.
Similipal Biosphere Reserve is a part of biotic province of Chhotanagpur Plateau. It has a representative ecosystem under Mahanadian biogeographic region. Its biodiversity is an assemblage representation of Western Ghats and North-East India. Regarding bryophytes this area was rather unexplored and the current investigation shows the occurrence of 33 taxa of bryophytes in this biosphere reserve and its neighboring areas. Each species has been enumerated with its ecological and distributional details.
The present study deals with the investigation of bryophytic flora of Mukteshwar (Uttarakhand). The present account deals with the study of 38 species belonging to 31 genera of 21 families. The mosses are represented by 21 species of 20 genera and 12 families, while Liverworts are represented by 15 species of 10 genera and 8 families. Hornworts consist of 1 genus and 2 species. The dominant families are Aytoniaceae, Marchantiaceae, Thuidiaceae and Pottiaceae. The dominant genera are Plagiochasma, Targionia, Marchantia, Plagiochila, Atrichum, Thuidium and Pogonatum. Macrothamnium stigmatophyllum has been identified as new to western Himalaya, while Thuidium philiberti Limpr. is new to Uttarakhand.
A two week trip to Costa Rica was conducted between 26 May and 8 June 2013, sampling odonates in several provinces along the center to the pacific southern portionof the country. A total of 86 species in 34 genera were found, including 16 species of the genus Argia. Lists of all species by locality, photographs of live specimens, and illustrations and notes of described species of Argiaare presented to facilitate identification to other collectors.
Odonata survey was conducted in Talaingod, Davao del Norte, Mindanao Island. Four major sites were explored in Barangay Santo Niño from December 26 – 30, 2012. Thirty five species under eleven families including one new species were found representing the first odonatological record in the province of Davao del Norte. Three species need further study while Orthetrum glaucum represents a new record for the island of Mindanao. Coeliccia exoleta population, a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, was found.
The Odonata fauna of Balabac Island, Philippines was studied in March 2013. A total of 41 species under 33 genera were recorded. Twenty-eight species were recorded for the first time in the island. One genus – Mortonagrion was recorded for the first time in the Philippines. Mortonagrion astamii spec. nov. and Prodasineura poncei spec. nov. are new to science and are described. Three previously recorded species remained elusive and not seen during the survey.
Dragonflies from mainland Yemen and the Socotra Archipelago : additional records and novelties
(2013)
The odonatological results of two field trips to mainland Yemen carried out mainly in summer 2005 and winter 2007, and to Socotra in winter 1999 are put on record. At 30 localities, 33 dragonfly species were collected, respectively observed. One species,Azuragrion somalicum, is new for mainland Yemen, and a second, Pseudagrion niloticum, is new for mainland Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Three species, Azuragrionsomalicum, Orthetrum julia, and Sympetrum fonscolombiiare new records for Socotra.
A survey of Odonata in North Ethiopia, on the route Debre Libanos – Bahir Dar – Woldia – Hayk – Mile – Awash – Debre Zeyit crossing the provinces of Oromia, Amhara and Afar, in July 29 - August 10, 2012 yielded 38 species, including two endemics of Ethiopia and five species not hitherto reliably reported for this country in the literature: Pseudagrion commoniae (Forster, 1902), P. hamoni Fraser, 1955, P. salisburyense Ris, 1921, Bradinopyga strachani (Kirby, 1900) and Ictinogomphus ferox (Rambur, 1842). The number of Odonata species recorded in Ethiopia thus reached 104. Seventeen main localities were visited, on average showing 4.9 species per locality. A small branch of Jara River, Amhara, was the richest one (15 species). Comments on specimens of Pseudagrion spernatum Selys, 1881 and Nesciothemis farinosa (Forster, 1898) and notes on the country in general and particular habitats of Odonata are provided.
ProtoSociology : an international journal of interdisciplinary research. Nr. 30, 2013 ; Concepts
(2013)
By organizing the approach to religion historically, we trace the evolution, diffusion, and genealogies of ideas and themes and how those ideas have been inspired or configured by the events of times and human agency in looking at selected texts, actors, and themes. In other words, we inquire into the articulated problem of existence, its solutions, techniques and examples on a case-to-case basis contextualizing specific texts, actors and themes by relating them to time, space and situations.
Two new species of Deltosoma Thomson, 1864 are described from French Guiana: D. humeralis sp. nov. and D. fernandezi sp. nov. Deltosoma lacordairei Thomson, 1864 is redescribed based on examination of the holotype. A study of the aedeagi of these three species was conducted. Dorsal habitus photographs of both sexes, ventral photographs of males, and aedeagi photographs are provided.
Chromosomes of four rare and localized Caribbean Prioninae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species were analysed. All have 26, XY karyotypes. Those of Solenoptera canaliculata (Solenopterini) from Guadeloupe nearby islands Les Saintes and Marie-Galante and S. quadrilineata from Martinique look similar. They have a single pair of sub-metacentric autosomes. The karyotype of S. touroulti from St. Lucia has three sub-metacentric pairs. It appears closer to that of Hovorodon maxillosum (Mallodontini) from Marie-Galante which has ten sub-metacentric pairs. The CO1 gene sequence, taking two European species Aegosoma scabricorne (Prioninae: Aegosomatini) and Ergates faber (Prioninae: Ergatini) as external groups was analysed in S. canaliculata and S. quadrilineata. In spite of their karyotype similarity, their CO1 genes differ by a strong accumulation of mutations. Thus, either chromosomal or genetic data confirm the species status of the three closely related Solenoptera species. Ten different CO1 haplotypes are found among the 21 specimens of S. canaliculata studied from les Saintes and Marie-Galante. Both different haplotypes were found in each island and identical haplotypes were found in different islands. Hence, the gene flow was not interrupted. Biogeographical parameters favor the hypothesis that repeated passages between islands were made possible by floating trunks, principally from Les Saintes to Marie-Galante.
We present new southeastern United States distributional records for Stictoleptura canadensis (Olivier, 1795), Leptura subhamata Randall, 1838 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae), and Heterosternuta cocheconis (Fall, 1917) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) which extend the southernmost limits of the known distributions for these species. We present new state records for these species.
SAFE Newsletter : 2013, Q4
(2013)
A new genus of the millipede tribe Brachyiulini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) from the Aegean region
(2013)
A new genus of the julid tribe Brachyiulini, Enghophyllum gen. nov., is described, comprising two species from Greece. The type-species, E. naxium (Verhoeff, 1901) comb. nov. (ex Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894), appears to be rather widespread in the Aegean: it is known from Antiparos Island and Naxos Island (the type locality), both in the Cyclades, as well as East Mavri Islet, Dodecanese Archipelago (new record). The vulva of E. naxium is described for the first time. In addition, E. sifnium gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a single adult male from Sifnos Island, Cyclades. The new genus is distinct from other genera of the Brachyiulini mainly by its peculiar gonopod structure, apparently disjunct and at least mostly apomorphous: (1) promeres broad, shield-like, in situ protruding mostly posteriad, completely covering the opisthomeres and gonopodal sinus; (2) transverse muscles and coxal apodemes of promere fully reduced; (3) opisthomere with three differentiated processes, i.e., lateral, basal posterior and apical posterior; (4) solenomere rather simple, tubular. The evolution and biogeography of the new genus are briefly discussed, both suggesting its profoundly long isolation in the Aegean region from the contribal genera in the adjacent Balkans and Anatolia.
An overview of Nepenthes in the Philippines is presented. Four new species, Nepenthes extincta sp. nov., N. kitanglad sp. nov., N. kurata sp. nov. and N. leyte sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Philippines and placed in the Nepenthes alata group. An updated circumscription and key to the species of the group is provided. Delimitation and comparison with the Regiae group is given. All four of the newly described species are assessed as threatened using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012 standard, and one, N. extincta sp. nov. is considered likely to be already extinct due to open-cast mining. Logging and conversion of forest habitat are thought to be the main threats to the other three species.
The taxonomy of the genus Ophiocoma was last revised by Devaney in 1970. Recent discoveries of new species and re-instatement of previously synonymized names suggest that we still do not fully understand the species limits in this genus. A recent biodiversity survey of the SW Indian Ocean shallow reefs strongly suggested an unrecognised species in the genus, closely related to O. brevipes/O. dentata. This study examined both the molecular phylogenetic relationships and the morphological characteristics of several species in the genus in order to characterise the unrecognised species. The focal species clusters with O. brevipes, O. dentata, O. doederleini within a monophyletic clade supported by molecular data for the first time. The name Breviturma subgen. nov. is proposed for this clade, previously known as brevipes group. Type material of nominal species that have been synonymized with O. dentata was examined and re-assessed. Ophiocoma marmorata proved not conspecific with O. dentata. A rarely used character, dorsal disc granule density, was tested and showed differences between the examined species at similar sizes. In combination with colour pattern, disc granule density, arm spine sequence and maximum disc size, the new species was delimited morphologically and described as Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov.
The osteology of Rhinopycnodus gabriellae gen. and sp. nov., a pycnodontiform fish from the marine Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon, is studied in detail. This new fossil genus belongs to the family Pycnodontidae, as shown by the presence of a posterior brush-like process on its parietal. Its long and broad premaxilla, bearing one short and very broad tooth is the principal autapomorphy of this fish. Within the phylogeny of Pycnodontidae, Rhinopycnodus occupies an intermediate position between Ocloedus and Tepexichthys.
The external morphology of the thorax and abdomen of four species of Neotropical Hesperiidae, belonging to different tribes, are described and illustrated. The morphological characters traditionally used in the classification of the family are reviewed and new information is added with emphasis on the characters usually neglected in the classification and identification of Hesperiidae and Lepidoptera. The use of these characters, along with those commonly used in literature for the identification and taxonomy of the family, is discussed, aiming to contribute to comparative studies of morphology and taxonomy of this group.
Five species of the aphid genus Sipha Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are reported in North America and are reviewed herein. Of these species, three are adventive species and include: Sipha elegans del Guercio, Sipha glyceriae (Kaltenbach), and Sipha maydis Passerini. Sipha maydis was discovered in California in 2007 and now has been found in Georgia. The genus also includes two native species: Sipha agropyronensis (Gillette) and Sipha flava (Forbes). Sipha maydis can be distinguished easily from all the other species in the genus that occur in North America because it is black. All the species except S. agropyronensis have been implicated in damage to crop plants. A key to the apterae and alatae of Sipha found in North America is included.
The Neotropical members of the genus Aesalus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae) are transferred to a new genus, Trogellus, due to their morphological dissimilarity and molecular divergence from the Old World species of Aesalus, and the new genus is revised. A neotype is designated for A. trogoides Albers and a lectotype for A. neotropicalis Bates. Aesalus smithi Bates is placed into synonymy with Aesalus trogoides, new synonymy. Two new combinations result from the transfer of species formerly in Aesalus: Trogellus trogoides from Mexico and Trogellus neotropicalis from Guatemala. In addition to the two known species, eight new species are described: T. catrachitus, T. chapinitus, T. hawksi, T. herrmanni, T. maesi, T. narizotus, T. ticiticus, and T. trifinius. This brings the total number of species of Central American aesalines to ten. A phylogeny of Aesalini based on two gene regions of ribosomal DNA is presented. Due to clear morphological differences and large molecular divergence between species groups, two additional new subgenera of Trogellus are proposed: Mayaesalus and Trogoides.
We provide new records of biting and predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Guadeloupe in the subfamily Ceratopogoninae, including descriptions and illustrations of three new predaceous species in the genera, Parabezzia Malloch, Stilobezzia Kieffer and Palpomyia Meigen, respectively, and the first records of the New World predaceous genus, Amerohelea Grogan and Wirth, from the Caribbean region. We also provide the first Guadeloupe records of the biting midges, Culicoides (Anilomyia) decor (Williston), C. (Avaritia) pusillus Lutz, C. (Drymodesmyia) bredini Wirth and Blanton, C. (D.) poikilonotus Macfie, C. (Haematomyidium) hoffmani Fox, C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz, C. rangeli Ortiz and Mirsa and C. trilineatus Fox, and the predaceous midges, Brachypogon (Brachypogon) bifidus Spinelli and Grogan, B. (B.) telesfordi Spinelli and Grogan, B. (B.) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan, Monohelea maya Felippe-Bauer, Huerta and Ibáñez-Bernal, Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) diminuta Lane and Forattini, S. (S.) thomsenae Wirth, Amerohelea galindoi Grogan and Wirth, Bezzia (Bezzia) flinti Spinelli and Wirth, B. (Homobezzia) venustula (Williston) and Palpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan.
The Bolivian species of Polyrhaphis Audinet-Serville, 1835, (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) are reviewed and illustrated, with P. skillmani new species described. A key is presented to the six species recorded from Bolivia (P. angustata Buquet, 1853; P. argentina Lane, 1978; P. gracilis Bates, 1862; P. pilosa Lane, 1965; P. spinosa (Drury, 1773); and P. skillmani Wappes and Santos-Silva, new species). Their collection localities, based on recently identified specimens examined by the authors, are plotted to show the distribution of species, and displayed next to an ecoregion map of Bolivia to illustrate biogeographical information for Polyrhaphis.
For the first time in Brazil, the weevil Cissoanthonomus tuberculipennis Hustache, 1939 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are reported preying on seeds of Cardiospermum grandiflorum Swartz (Sapindaceae). Observations are presented on oviposition and larval behavior, pupation site, and adult emergence. Photos of host plant, egg, larva, pupa and adult are provided.
Seventy-nine Cerambycidae and two Vesperidae species not previously recorded from Bolivia are listed along with the department where they were collected, and are thus added to the known fauna. An additional 22 species from existing publications, but whose Bolivian distribution is not recorded in the 2013 version of Bezark and Monné (2013), are listed separately to assist inclusion in this important reference. These records, along with the 60 new species described (through February, 2013) since Wappes et al. (2011), brings the total number of Cerambycidae and, closely related families Disteniidae, Oxypeltidae and Vesperidae, to 1,717 species known from Bolivia. New departmental records for another 254 species are listed. Color illustrations for 80 of the 81 species newly recorded from Bolivia are provided. Among the new records for Bolivia is Lathroeus oreoderoides Thomson, 1864 previously known only from South America without exact locality, hence this is its first recorded distribution. A male of Myzomorphus Dejean, 1835 collected at the same time and locality as a female Myzomorphus amabilis (Tippmann, 1960) is likely the previously unknown male of the species. Both sexes are illustrated.
The larvae and pupae of two species of Tabanidae (Diptera), Chrysops beameri Brennan and Hybomitra trispila (Wiedemann), are described and illustrated, and their similarities and differences relative to similar species are discussed. Comments are also provided on the larval habitats and the other species of immature Tabanidae associated with larvae of each species.