Refine
Year of publication
- 2004 (1723) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (644)
- Doctoral Thesis (281)
- Part of a Book (150)
- Part of Periodical (142)
- Working Paper (114)
- Review (110)
- Book (60)
- Preprint (55)
- Conference Proceeding (51)
- Report (46)
Language
- German (1200)
- English (481)
- French (17)
- Multiple languages (6)
- Portuguese (5)
- Spanish (5)
- mis (4)
- Italian (2)
- Turkish (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1723) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (34)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (32)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (29)
- Deutschland (27)
- Syntax (27)
- Rezension (24)
- Generative Transformationsgrammatik (23)
- Anton Ulrich <Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (19)
- Herzog> / Octavia (19)
- Wortstellung (19)
Institute
- Medizin (152)
- Physik (107)
- Extern (89)
- Biochemie und Chemie (69)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (57)
- Rechtswissenschaft (51)
- Biowissenschaften (38)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (31)
- Universitätsbibliothek (31)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (30)
Die Narzissenwiesen werden im Untersuchungsgebiet regelmäßig ein- bis zweimal pro Jahr gemäht oder extensiv mit Rindern beweidet; auch ein bis zwei Schnitte und eine anschließende Weidenutzung sind möglich. Sie werden nicht oder nur sehr schwach vorwiegend mit Wirtschaftsdünger gedüngt. - Die Narzissenwiesen besiedeln im Untersuchungsgebiet mäßig feuchte bis halbtrocken-wechselfeucht veranlagte Standorte. Sie kommen auf Kalkbraunlehmen und Kalklehm-Rendsinen vor; ihr Verbreitungsschwerpunkt liegt allerdings auf tiefgründigen Kalkbraunlehmen. Die Oberböden der Narzissenwiesen weisen einen sehr niedrigen Gehalt an lactat- und wasserlöslichem P auf. Der pH-Wert reicht vom Al-Pufferbereich bis in den Karbonat-Pufferbereich (pH CaCl2: 4.0-7.2). N und P sind die primär limitierenden Nährstoffe für das Pflanzenwachstum. Ein niedriger mineralischer N- und lactatlöslicher P-Gehalt im Oberboden, ein tonreicher Boden, ein schneereiches, subozeanisches, kühl-feuchtes Klima und eine regelmäßige extensive Bewirtschaftung sind Voraussetzungen für die Existenz von Narzissenwiesen.
Die Narzissenwiese ist eine an Hemikryptophyten und Geophyten reiche, montane Pflanzengesellschaft; der Therophytenanteil ist relativ gering. - Die Narcissus radiiflorus-Gesellschaft ist ein eigenständiger Vegetationstyp des Verbandes Polygono-Trisetion. Dafür sprechen die spezifischen Standortbedingungen, die besondere Phänologie und Struktur sowie die charakteristische Artenverbindung. Die Gesellschaft kann im Untersuchungsgebiet in zwei Untereinheiten gegliedert werden. Die Untergesellschaft von Trollius europaeus besiedelt überwiegend tiefgründige Kalkbraunlehme auf lokalklimatisch kühleren Standorten. Die Untergesellschaft von Thymus pulegioides besiedelt tiefgründige Kalkbraunlehme bis flachgründige Kalklehm-Rendsinen auf lokalklimatisch wärmebegünstigten Standorten. Die extensiv mit Rindern beweideten Narzissenwiesen unterscheiden sich von den regelmäßig gemähten floristisch kaum. Nährstoffreichere und intensiver genutzte Pflanzenbestände leiten je nach Höhenlage zu einer Alchemillo monticolae-Arrhenatheretum elatioris - Geranio sylvatici-Trisetetum flavescentis-Übergangsgesellschaft oder zum Geranio sylvatici-Trisetetum flavescentis über. In brachgefallenen Narzissenwiesen kann sich vor allem Molinia caerulea ausbreiten und ein artenärmeres, relativ stabiles Molinia caerulea-Stadium bilden. - Die Moosflora der Narzissenwiesen ergibt kein einheitliches Bild. Moose des schwach sauren und mäßig feuchten Waldbodens überwiegen.
Die Wurzeln von Narcissus radiiflorus sind mit vesikulär-arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilzen kolonisiert. Der Mykorrhizierungsgrad ist sehr hoch. Die Stern-Narzisse ist somit eine bevorzugte VAM-Wirtspflanze.
Die Narzissenwiesen zählen im Untersuchungsgebiet hinsichtlich Gefäßpflanzen zu den artenreichsten Pflanzengesellschaften; es sind wertvolle Rückzugsgebiete und Lebensräume für viele seltene und gefährdete Pflanzenarten.
Diese Übersicht stellt die thermophilen winterkahlen Eichen- und Eichen-Mischwälder sowie die nemoralen Buchen- und Buchen-Tannen-Wälder des südlichen Balkans unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Griechenlands vor. Für den Beitrag wurden die Literatur und eigene unveröffentlichte Vegetationsdaten ausgewertet. In den Unterkapiteln werden die Struktur und Artenzusammensetzung der Bestände behandelt, ihre klimatischen und edaphischen Ansprüche, ihre Dynamik, Nutzung, Verbreitung sowie regionale und syntaxonomische Differenzierung. Außerdem wird auf die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung sowie auf die aktuelle Gefährdungs- und Schutzsituation eingegangen.
Die thermophilen sommergrünen Eichen- und Eichen-Mischwälder bestehen aus verschiedenen Eichen (Quercus frainetto, Q. dalechampii, Q. cerris, Q. pubescens, Q. trojana), Hainbuchen (Carpinus orientalis, C. betulus), Sorbus- (S. torminalis, S. domestica) und Ahorn-Arten (Acer monspessulanum, A. obtusatum, A. hyrcanum) sowie aus Manna-Esche (Fraxinus ornus), Hopfenbuche {Ostrya carpinifolia), Edelkastanie (Castanea sativa) und Silber-Linde (Tilia tomentosa). Natürliche Standortfaktoren, die die floristische Differenzierung der Eichenwälder mitbestimmen, sind die Gesteins- und Bodenverhältnisse, vor allem die Gründigkeit, sowie die mesoklimatische (Meereshöhe, Exposition) und makroklimatische (vegetationsgeografische) Situation. Der menschliche Einfluss, insbesondere Mittel- und Niederwaldwirtschaft, Schneitelung und Waldweide, ist ebenso bedeutsam für Struktur, Dynamik, Artenzusammensetzung, Artenvielfalt und Produktivität der Bestände.
Die Buchen- und Buchen-Tannen-Wälder sind weniger reich an Baumarten. Neben Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica (vertreten durch die Mösische Buche) und subsp. orientalis bestimmt die Tanne (im Norden durch Abies alba, sonst hauptsächlich durch Abies borisii-regis vertreten) den Bestandsaufbau und die forstliche Bedeutung. Wesentliche Standortfaktoren für die Differenzierung der Buchen-Tannen-Wälder sind die geologischen und Bodenverhältnisse, das relief-, höhen- und expositionsbedingte Mesoklima und pflanzengeografische Affinitäten.
In der vorliegenden Studie werden Heuschreckengemeinschaften durch quantitative Erfassungen in feinstrukturell untersuchten Habitaten detailliert beschrieben. Wichtige Merkmale sind dabei Stetigkeit und Dominanz einzelner Heuschreckenarten bzw. Deckung, Höhe und Dichte der Vegetation in den Lebensräumen.
Für sechs Strukturtypen aus Silikatmagerrasen und Grünland trockener Standorte erfolgt die Abgrenzung von Heuschreckengemeinschaften nach dem Leitartenprinzip. Die „Gemeinschaft der Schiefergrusfluren“ (Typ 1) besiedelt sehr lückige Magerrasen und ist artenarm mit Myrmeleotettix maculatus als eudominanter Leitart. Weitere fünf Zönosen unterscheiden sich durch das Vorkommen der phytophilen Differentialarten Chorthippus parallelus und Omocestus viridulus von den Schiefergrusfluren: Die „Gemeinschaft der offenen, niedrigen Horstgrasrasen“ (Typ 2) wird charakterisiert durch die hochstete, eudominante Leitart Stenobothrus stigmaticus. Zwei Zönosen, in denen Stenobothrus lineatus als gemeinsame Leitart hochstet vorkommt, lassen sich für „dichte, niedrige Horstgrasrasen“ (Typ 3) abgrenzen. Auf extensiv beweideten Flächen (Typ 3.1) kommen Stenobothrus nigromaculatus, S. stigmaticus und Decticus verrucivorus als weitere Leitarten vor; diese Arten fehlen auf Brachen (Typ 3.2). Mit Chorthippus parallelus und C. biguttulus sind zwei eurytope Heuschrecken in „dichten, hohen Horstgrasbeständen“ (Typ 4) hochstet; Leitarten hat dieser Strukturtyp nicht. Metrioptera roeselii kennzeichnet als Differentialart „dichte Obergrasbestände“ (Typ 5).
Die Besiedlungsschwerpunkte einzelner Arten in verschiedenen Strukturtypen sind auf die Habitatpräferenzen der Heuschrecken zurückzuführen. Auch die Bewirtschaftung ist entscheidend. Sie beeinflusst die Raumstruktur und damit das Mikroklima und wirkt sich auf die Populationsdynamik der Heuschrecken aus. Mit steigender Nutzungsintensität kommt es zu einer starken Abnahme der Individuendichten.
In his Yiddish autobiography “Fun Lublin biz Rige”, Riga: 1940, the actor Abraham Eines reported on his 30-year lasting career as an actor in Yiddish theatre companies in Eastern Europe and also on the period when he was an artist in the Yiddish theatre in Riga. The so called “Naier idisher teater” had been planned since 1913 and opened in 1927 on the initiative of Jakob Landau, Paul Minz and Lew Ginsberg.
This thesis is based on Eines’ autobiography and researches in Latvian, Lithuanian and Polish archives and libraries. The aim was to reconstruct the history of this specialized Yiddish theatre, which fortunately is kept until today in the art nouveau quarter of Riga.
The thesis deals with the history of this theatre, the plans which resulted in the construction of the building, people and organisations that were involved, its opening, playing schedules, companies and actors as well as the intercultural, economic and social environments and activities.
In January 1927, the “Naier idisher teater” opened under the main direction of M. Karpinowitsch and the art direction of Abraham Morewski. It was financially supported by membership fees from the “Jewish Theatre Company”. New artists were often engaged by the “Warsaw Association of Artists”.
In the following years, the art direction changed several times because of disagreements between the direction of the theatre and the company. Actors demanded more sophisticated plays and greater artistic licenses. The theatre had big economic problems. The repertoire of the theatre differed distinctly from that of the guest companies coming to Riga: the “Vilner Trupe”, staged Yiddish classics by Scholem Alejchem, Scholem Asch, Jacob Gordin, as well as by Oskar Wilde, Shakespeare and Moliere. Furthermore, Alexander Granovsky (GOSET) gave guest performances with his company of the Moscow theatre “Habima” in Riga. Besides “Habima” started its Europe tour in this Yiddish theatre Riga. Many artists were partly engaged for a long period in Riga`s “Naier idisher teater” and the theatre was well attended – on average 70 000 visitors per season. The theatre was equipped with 473 seats and 160 seats on balconies. It existed with different names until the occupation of Riga by the Germans. Today, the museum „Jews in Latvia“ (Muzejs Ebreji Latvijā) is located in the former theatre building.
This is a not revised edition of the thesis.
Electric stimulation of the auditory nerve via cochlear implants has made the treatment of sensory deafness possible. Advanced signal processing and stimulation paradigms have led to continuously improved results in speech understanding. Consequently, indication criteria have been extended to patients with profound and severe-to-profound hearing loss and limited speech understanding with conventional acoustic amplification.
Outside this group, a considerable number of patients presents with rather wellpreserved, low frequency hearing of 30-60 dB up to 1 kHz, but severe loss in the mid to high frequency range of more than 60-70 dB. Monosyllabic word scores in these patients do not generally exceed 35%, due to missing consonant information. But, even increasing the audibility of these high frequencies by acoustic amplification still has very limited efficiency for discriminating speech, and therefore, these patients obtain only minor benefit from conventional hearing aids. On the other hand, standard cochlear implantation would carry a high risk of causing complete hearing loss. This situation has led to considering a combination of both modes of stimulation for these patients who are on the borderline between hearing aids and cochlear implant.
In our present model, the surviving low frequency region of the cochlea could still be stimulated acoustically-combined with additional electrical stimulation of the impaired mid and high frequency region of the cochlea.
Several questions still have to be answered with regard to combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). The possible interaction of electric and acoustic stimuli on the different levels off the auditory system is a major issue. Animal experiments clearly demonstrate that tuning properties of auditory neurons, in response to acute acoustic stimulation, are essentially preserved in the presence of electric stimulation even at high levels of electric stimulation, and that chronic electric stimulation of tie intact inner ear does not have a significant effect on the compound action potentials (CAP) thresholds or inner ear function.
In a previous report, we were able to show that this combined F.A.S of the auditory system is possible in humans, and that it has a synergistic effect on speech understanding. Further major issues regard the surgical feasibility and reproducibility of cochlear implantation with the preservation of residual hearing.
Encouraged by our findings, a clinical study was initiated on the application of EAS. So far, seven adults have been included in this study. In addition, one child has been implanted outside the study.
Wasserhäuschen : vom Babbeln mit Bier am Büdchen ; Stadtentwicklung im Zeichen der Trinkhalle
(2004)
Im Sommer 2003 kam es zu folgender Szene an einer Bockenheimer Trinkhalle: Ein offensichtlich armer Schlucker bezahlte mit einem zehn Euro Schein zwei Bier. Anstatt ihm das fällige Restgeld auszuhändigen, fragte die Betreiberin, ob sie ihm das Geld raus geben oder es behalten solle, damit er sich dafür am Abend etwas Warmes zu Essen kaufen könne. ...
A small electrostatic storage ring is the central machine of the Frankfurt Ion Storage Experiments (FIRE) which will be built at the new Stern-Gerlach Center of Frankfurt University. As a true multiuser, multipurpose facility with ion energies up to 50 keV, it will allow new methods to analyze complex many-particle systems from atoms to very large biomolecules. With envisaged storage times of some seconds and beam emittances in the order of a few mm mrad, measurements with up to 6 orders of magnitude better resolutions as compared to single-pass experiments become possible. In comparison to earlier designs, the ring lattice was modified in many details: Problems in earlier designs were related to, e.g., the detection of light particles and highly charged ions with different charge states. Therefore, the deflectors were redesigned completely, allowing a more flexible positioning of the diagnostics. Here, after an introduction to the concept of electrostatic machines, an overview of the planned FIRE is given and the ring lattice and elements are described in detail.
Rezension zu: Sarah Kember: Cyberfeminism and Artificial Life. London/New York: Routledge 2003. 257 Seiten, ISBN 0–415–24026–3 (Hardcover) / 0–415–24027–1 (Paperback), € 71,82 (Hardcover) / € 21,98 (Paperback)
"Künstliches Leben" zu schaffen, galt über Jahrhunderte hinweg als Phantasma, dem man vor allem mit den Mitteln der Literatur und der Kunst nachjagte. Ein Topos, der Kultur als Kontrolle, Beherrschung und Verbesserung der Natur definiert – und in dem sich menschliche Machtphantasien und misogyne Obsessionen auf markante Weise mischen: Wo die biologischen Funktionen von "sex" eigentlich überflüssig werden sollten, treten Geschlechterdichotomien und -hierarchien als Konstruktionen um so deutlicher hervor. Daran hat sich bis heute wenig geändert. Allerdings haben mit den aktuellen Entwicklungen in den Bio- und Informationstechnologien die Phantasmen zunehmend an Realität gewonnen. Ob nun in den Computerlaboren der Unterhaltungsindustrie oder in denen der Genomforschung: Allenthalben scheint es um die Formel des Lebens zu gehen. Aber was bedeutet das eigentlich? Welche Rolle wird "Künstliches Leben" in unserem künftigen Leben spielen? Und welche Rolle spielen dabei die Phantasmen, die dieser Topos transportiert? Wie greifen diese "virtuellen Realitäten" in unsere Körper- und Identitätskonzepte, unsere Subjekt- und Geschlechtervorstellungen ein? Sarah Kembers Buch verspricht, erhellende Schneisen durch das Dickicht der definitionsmächtigen Diskurse, Konzepte und Konstruktionen zu schlagen und neue Wege für feministische Interventionen in die Auseinandersetzungen um "Artificial Life" aufzuzeigen.
[Jahresbericht 2004] Katholische Theologie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
(2004)
1. Hessische Schülerakademie : schulpraktische Veranstaltung für Lehramtsstudierende : Dokumentation
(2004)
Eckart Schwarze ist einer der bekanntesten Naturschützer und Ornithologen aus dem Mittelelbegebiet. Neben seinen zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen in regionalen und überregionalen Fachzeitschriften ist sein Wirken für die Natur über mehr als 50 Jahre ein beredtes Beispiel für die Möglichkeiten, die ehrenamtliches Engagement bietet.
Für die Wasserfledermaus wird eine Körpermasse von 7-17 g sowie eine Unterarmlangen von 3,5-4,2 cm angegeben (Schober & Grimmberger 1998). Das Fell ist locker mit dunkel graubrauner Haarbasis, wobei die Körperoberseite braungrau bis dunkel bronzefarben ist. Die meist scharf abgegrenzte Unterseite ist silbergrau, die Schnauze rötlichbraun und die Ohren und Flughaute sind dunkel graubraun. Die Wasserfledermaus ist z.B. von den Bartfledermäusen besonders gut durch ihre großen Füße, die nicht mit der Schwanzflughaut verwachsen sind, zu unterscheiden.
This article develops a Gricean account for the computation of scalar implicatures in cases where one scalar term is in the scope of another. It shows that a cross-product of two quantitative scales yields the appropriate scale for many such cases. One exception is cases involving disjunction. For these, I propose an analysis that makes use of a novel, partially ordered quantitative scale for disjunction and capitalizes on the idea that implicatures may have different epistemic status.
The interpretation of traces
(2004)
This paper argues that parts of the lexical content of an A-bar moved phrase must be interpreted in the base position of movement. The argument is based on a study of deletion of a phrase that contains the base position of movement. I show that deletion licensing is sensitive to the content of the moved phrase. In this way, I corroborate and extend conclusions based on Condition C reconstruction by N. Chomsky and D. Fox. My result provides semantic evidence for the existence of traces and gives semantic content to the A/A-bar distinction.
After this issue you will have a new editor at the helm: Dr Volker Framenau. As you have been reading in the newsletters Volker has a background in both taxonomy and ecology. A network across both disciplines should help keep us well informed of the latest news and research within the region. Volker is very enthusiastic about the society and I encourage members to keep supporting the newsletter by sending him your articles. Volker has been helping me develop the webpage so that will continue to evolve.
The fires of January 2003 burnt much of the treeless high mountain country of Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, and were the first extensive conflagration of this area since 1939. For this reason there are remarkably few studies of the response of alpine plants and vegetation to fire. A flora survey of treeless subalpine vegetation in the Kosciuszko area in late 2002 sampled 215 sites. Of the 119 sites that were burnt, 60 were relocated and re-sampled in late 2003 to assess the mode and extent of regeneration in a range of treeless plant communities. Twenty-four species (including 3 exotics) were recorded only in the pre-fire sampling. Fifty species (including 18 exotics) were recorded only in the post-fire sampling. One species, Chenopodium erosum, had not previously been recorded in Kosciuszko National Park, and is believed to be the first native chenopod recorded in alpine vegetation in Australia. There was no significant difference in mean number of species per quadrat between pre-fire and post-fire quadrats. The average number of weeds per quadrat was, however, significantly greater post-fire. Most of this difference was attributable to the significantly greater number of weeds per quadrat in bog vegetation after the fire. Of the 290 species recorded, 111 species regenerated from seed, 197 species regenerated from resprouting organs (roots, tubers and/or basal stems) and 49 species regenerated from both seed and resprouts. Based on the regeneration observed, most plant communities will return naturally to their pre-fire species composition and cover over a period between a few years and a few decades. Major exceptions will be those communities where the ‘keystone’ species appear to have been lost at least at a local scale. Principal amongst these are bog communities that incorporated significant biomass of Sphagnum cristatum pre-fire, Podocarpus lawrencei shrublands and Celmisia costiniana closed herbfields. Consideration might be given to augmenting their recovery. It will be important to exclude fire from these communities until their recovery is complete.
Floristic communities from the alluvial floodplains and near-alluvial plains of the lower Dawson River, mideastern Queensland, are described from near-intact sites. Three broad and ten detailed floristic groups were defined. Differences in community composition appeared related to soil type, localised disturbance and latitude. Weeds comprised a small proportion of the total flora, although they presently dominate some areas. Grasses were the main exotic species present, and appeared to have increased within the last forty years.
Bryophyte composition in a native grassland community subjected to different long-term fire regimes
(2004)
The vascular species composition of volcanic plains grassland remnants of western Victoria is strongly tied to management history, with frequently burned remnants often supporting the most diverse native flora relative to grazed and long-unburned remnants. How the fire regime affects the composition of the bryophytic mat, however, has not been documented. I surveyed the moss and liverwort flora of six Themeda triandra grasslands subjected to different long-term fire regimes to understand how fire might affect mat composition. A total of 27 non-vascular species (19 mosses and 8 liverworts) were recorded, of which nine species were recorded only from a single location. Non-vascular species contributed 28% of the total diversity observed in this study. The liverwort Lethocolea pansa was the most obvious species at all sites, while the mosses Rosulabryum billardieri and Fossombronia intestinalis were also found at all sites and hence, would appear to be robust to fire at different frequencies. Frequently-burned (1–2 yr interval) grasslands generally had lower mat species richness than longer-unburned sites (4 to >20 yr intervals) and appear to support a subset of the flora (due to the loss of moss species) rather than a distinctly different flora. The preliminary results of this study contrast with the evidence usually found for vascular species, i.e. that frequent fire favours greater native species richness. Hence, the two components of the flora would appear to respond in different ways to fire and this should be considered in the conservation planning for this grassland community. Further field sampling is warranted to confirm the initial trends identified by this study.
The vegetation of Basket Swamp National Park (2820 ha), 30 km north east of Tenterfield (28°54’S, 152°09’E) in the Tenterfield Shire, in the Northern Tablelands Bioregion NSW, is described. Seven vegetation communities are mapped based on survey of plots, subsequent ground-truthing, air photo interpretation and substrate.
Communities described are: (1) Eucalyptus campanulata (Blackbutt) – Eucalyptus cameronii (Diehard Stringybark) Open Forests, (2) Eucalyptus campanulata (Blackbutt) – Eucalyptus cameronii (Diehard Stringybark) Grassy Open Forests, (3) Leptospermum trinervium (Tea-tree) – Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. transmontanum (Creek Tea-tree) Riparian Scrub, (4) Leptospermum trinervium (Tea-tree) – Kunzea obovata (Pink Kunzea) – Leptospermum novae-angliae (New England Tea-tree) Heaths & Shrublands, (5) Ceratopetalum apetalum (Coachwood) – Lophostemon confertus (Brush Box) Closed Forest, (6) Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate) – Eucalyptus campanulata (Blackbutt) Tall Open Forests, and (7) Baeckea omissa (Baeckea) – Baloskion stenocoleum (Sedge) Heathy Sedgelands.
All but two communities (3 & 7) were considered adequately reserved locally, no listed endangered or vulnerable communities were found. Thirty-six taxa were considered to be of conservation significance of which two are listed as vulnerable on Schedule 2 of the NSW TSC Act.A further nine have been reported under the RoTAP criteria.
Pultenaea glabra Benth. is a recently revised taxon which includes disjunct populations in Victoria, NSW, and Queensland. Victorian populations were previously described as Pultenaea weindorferi Reader, and listed as rare in Victoria. Pultenaea glabra is known from four locations in Victoria; it is locally abundant at the Bunyip and Lerderderg-Wombat localities, is uncommon at Wandin, and is in serious decline at Kinglake. Viable soil-stored seeds were present at all sampled locations, and seed germination was enhanced by heat pre-treatments, though germination of untreated seeds also occurred. Few mature plants remain at Kinglake and the population structure differed markedly from the other sampled populations. It has been suggested that the species requires a specific fire regime for regeneration, but it is likely that the severe decline in the Kinglake population is the result of grazing, rather than an inappropriate fire regime. At this site, germination is occurring but plants have not reached maturity, and the species is represented by only seedlings. Managing the species at Kinglake will require consideration of multiple factors, and reintroducing fire to the site at this stage may jeopardize seedling survival and result in local extinction.
Twenty-one riparian vascular plant communities are defined, mapped and described using presence/absence data from 460 sites from relatively unmodified stretches of rivers and streams on mainland Tasmania. The process of classification involved selection of groups of floristically distinct sites from a sorted table produced by a polythetic divisive process. The communities have strong geographic patterns. Many communities have a wide range of structural expression and/or dominants. Nearly half of the native vascular flora of Tasmania is present in the sites, including a large number of conservation-significant species, some of which are concentrated in riparian vegetation. In the drier, lowland parts of the State there are large areas with little or no native riparian vegetation remaining. Several of the communities that occur in this environment appear to be totally unreserved, while most of the communities from colder and more humid areas are represented within secure reserves.
An improved approach to predicting preferred habitat and targetting survey effort for threatened plant species is needed to aid discovery and conservation of new populations. This study employs several approaches to aid in the delineation of preferred habitat for the Leafless Tongue Orchid, Cryptostylis hunteriana Nicholls. BIOCLIM, a bioclimatic analysis and prediction system, is used initially to generate a bioclimatic habitat envelope within which the species can be expected to occur, based on all known sites in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area. Within the BIOCLIM envelope it is possible to further investigate the extent to which the species exhibits preferences for other habitat factors such as geology, soil landscapes and forest ecosystems. Multivariate techniques are used to compare floristic data from sites where Cryptostylis hunteriana is present, and sites from forest ecosystems where it has not been recorded historically. These techniques are also used to identify species which are diagnostic of each of these sets of sites. All 25 sites with Cryptostylis hunteriana populations are restricted to six forest ecosystems having a total area of 15% of the Shoalhaven Local Government Area and 47% of the BIOCLIM envelope. Within these forest ecosystems, ten plant species deemed indicative of the possible presence of the Cryptostylis hunteriana are identified.
Semi-permanent quadrats, located in the South and Central Western Slopes botanical regions of New South Wales, were assessed to indicate suitable periods of the year to conduct surveys of botanical diversity. The quadrats were located in woodland communities with a generally herbaceous understorey, and subject to a wide range of domestic stock grazing intensities. In the mid to western South Western Slopes (SWS) the greatest number of species was generally recorded in an October survey. The main exception was in degraded areas (low species diversity, high proportion of annual weed species), where similar results were recorded in September and October. In the cooler and wetter eastern SWS a relatively high proportion of species were recorded in October to early December surveys. However, when compared to species totals compiled from multiple assessments in all seasons, or from August to November, a single optimal survey usually recorded only 60–75% of the plant species at a site. Surveys in mid to late summer, autumn and early winter usually recorded less than 50% of the plant species present. The results reflect the prevailing Mediterranean-type climate, and that the ground layer vegetation (primarily comprised of annuals and herbaceous perennials) dominates the species diversity.
Angophora inopina is a vulnerable tree species occurring principally in Wyong and Lake Macquarie local government areas on the Central Coast, with disjunct populations as far north as Bulahdelah on the North Coast of NSW. The largest and most intact stands occur within the Wyee-Morisset areas although even here significant fragmentation is evident. North of Toronto, there are small and scattered residual populations as far as Barnsley near West Wallsend in Lake Macquarie. A total area of occupied habitat of approximately 1500 ha is estimated.
Cluster analysis of floristic information showed that Angophora inopina occurs within three broad habitat types within the Central Coast bioregion, centred mainly on the Gorokan, Doyalson and Wyong soil landscapes. Hybrid forms of the species also occur on the Cockle Creek landscape in northern Lake Macquarie. Most stands are evident within open woodland/ forest vegetation where Eucalyptus haemastoma, Corymbia gummifera, and Eucalyptus capitellata dominate with Angophora inopina. Other populations occur in wet heath, and swamp woodland environments where sedge species are characteristic.
Conservation of Angophora inopina will be most effectively and efficiently achieved if ecological processes that operate across the landscape are maintained. Processes such as fragmentation, altered fire regimes or invasion of habitat by exotic species must be managed in the long-term. These are all significant threats to this species, and will best be effectively managed in the larger remnants in a landscape approach. Such threats are generally associated with urban and agricultural expansion in the area, and these are therefore the most pressing issues to be managed.
The flora of the Lord Howe Island Group (31°30’S, 159°05’E) comprises a unique mix of elements of Australian, New Zealand and New Caledonian floras. It is significant for its high degree of endemism and for its structural and biological (leaves, flowers, fruit) role in supporting a diverse array of fauna. Conservation of this flora is dependant upon: reducing current habitat degradation (mostly the result of exotic weeds); minimising any future impacts, in particular the effects of climate change on the unique cloud forests of the southern mountains and the continued introduction and spread of weeds and the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi.
We provide a description of the nature of the major threats to the flora and suggest an area-based scheme, focussed on the relative conservation significance of remaining vegetation, as a mechanism for developing priorities for threat mitigation activities. While a number of threat control works are in place, eg. weed control, some re-emphasis is needed. In addition, some new initiatives are required including: reducing the rate of introductions of new exotics; a system to remove potential environmental weeds from the settlement area; phytosanitary guidelines; pathogen quarantine measures; search and removal of environmental weeds from remote areas; and ex situ initiatives for plant species restricted to the cloud forests of the southern mountains.
A checklist of the mosses (Bryophyta) of the Wet Tropics bioregion, north-east Queensland is presented. Included is an update on the taxonomy of species, listing a total of 408 taxa. The habitat and distribution patterns of species within the area and in Australia, together with information on the phytogeographical affinities of these taxa in related areas beyond Australia, are discussed.
Floristic patterns along an east–west gradient in grassy box woodlands of Central New South Wales
(2004)
Temperate grassy box woodlands are the predominant native vegetation of the "wheat-sheep" belt of south-eastern Australia. In New South Wales, a number of different eucalypt species form the overstorey of these woodlands, with changes in dominance from Eucalyptus melliodora (Yellow Box) and Eucalyptus albens (White Box) in the east to Eucalyptus microcarpa (Grey Box) and Eucalyptus populnea (Poplar Box) in the west. Most grassy Box woodlands have now been cleared or modified for agriculture, and their conservation is dependent on adequate knowledge of the distribution, ecology and management needs of remaining woodlands. In this study we describe the understorey flora of high quality remnants of grassy Box woodlands along an east-west gradient in central New South Wales, comparing sites with a history of minimal livestock grazing (cemeteries) with sites with a history of intermittent livestock grazing (travelling stock reserves). With some important exceptions relating to Eucalyptus melliodora, dominant overstorey eucalypts were good indicators of understorey changes along the east-west gradient. A particular disjunction, involving changes in the dominant grasses from Themeda australis and Poa sieberiana to Austrostipa scabra, Austrodanthonia and Enteropogon species, distinguishes "eastern" (Eucalyptus melliodora, Eucalyptus albens) from "western" (Eucalyptus microcarpa, Eucalyptus populnea) Box woodlands, and has significant implications for understorey management. Notable changes in subsidiary species included changes in the main genera of shrubs and daisies, and a number of trends at the family level. Families such as Dilleniaceae, Haloragaceae, Epacridaceae and Ranunculaceae were more frequent or diverse in eastern Box woodlands, and gave way to species of the families Malvaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Myoporaceae, Amaranthaceae and Brassicaceae in the west. Intermittent grazing influenced understorey composition in all box woodlands sampled, although influences in western Box woodlands were less pronounced. Effects of grazing included a decline in shrub abundance and loss of a range of native perennials across all woodlands, changes to the dominant grasses and a considerable increase in exotic annuals in the east, and a decline in native grass diversity and increase in native annuals in the west.
Subalpine shrubs on rocky slopes on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria (36° 53’ S, 147° 19’ E), were observed to be severely desiccated over the summer of 2002/03 after a 50 day period when only 1.2 mm of rainfall was recorded. Moderate to severe canopy dieback was noted in shrubs growing on rocky north- and west-facing slopes. Four shrubs were assessed for their drought tolerance on west-facing slopes at Basalt Hill. Soils were rocky and uniformly shallow across the site (mean depth = 11.32 ± 0.69 cm). Prostanthera cuneata was the most drought tolerant species (as evidenced by the least amount of canopy dieback observed) followed by Hovea montana, Pimelea axiflora var. alpina and Epacris glacialis. All Epacris glacialis plants (n = 16) had died at the study location whereas no Prostanthera cuneata plants (n = 45) had canopy dieback that exceeded 60%. The amount of dieback observed was not significantly associated with either local soil depth or shrub canopy area. Hence, very small plants were not more susceptible to drought nor were shrubs found on the shallowest of the soils at the site. This suggests that drought effects are possibly dependent on local influences such as topography, drainage and competition intensity. Drought has only rarely been considered a major factor affecting the abundance and distribution of subalpine shrub species in Australia but this study suggests that it should be added to the list of abiotic factors governing the local dynamics of subalpine vegetation. In particular, the high mortality of Epacris glacialis observed in the study area suggests that non-equilibrium dynamics are likely to be the "norm" for some shrubs in subalpine areas.
In fire-prone grassy woodlands, fire response and time to reach reproductive maturity are two traits that can be used to provide an indication of the minimum interval between fires needed to maintain biodiversity. This study examined the effects of fire intensity and adult size on shrub mortality together with the primary and secondary juvenile periods of shrub species in the New England Tableland (NET) Bioregion. Most shrub species resprouted via basal lignotubers following fire, irrespective of fire intensity and shrub size. The primary juvenile period of most species was found to be greater than four years and the secondary juvenile period for most resprouting species was less than four years. These results suggest that a minimal interval between fires of eight years may be needed to maintain shrub species in grassy woodlands in the NET Bioregion, and that repeated fires at intervals of less than 8 years should be avoided. The time taken for shrubs in the grassy woodlands of the NET Bioregion to reach reproductive maturity appears to be longer than conspecifics in other Bioregions. Caution is needed when using data collected from outside a Bioregion to determine minimum fire frequency thresholds.
Montagu Island (36°15’S; 150°14’E) is situated about 10 km east of Narooma on the New South Wales South Coast. The paper presents evidence about the changes in the terrestrial vegetation of the island since it was first seen by Europeans, provides a floristic inventory and gives a perspective on the effects of introduced species.
Flinders (1814) mentions that the island "produced small trees." This is the only record of what grew on the island until in 1880 annotations on a map, made at the time of the construction of the lighthouse, mentioned the presence of scrub, trees and rank grass. This is confirmed by photographic evidence, but by 1932, when the botanist F. A. Rodway visited the island, the trees had disappeared. In 1973, during a land use survey of the South Coast, a team of CSIRO described the vegetation as a distinct series of dune communities belonging to the Lomandra longifolia – Pteridium esculentum – Phragmites australis complex. Vegetation mapping in the late 1980s confirmed the prevalence of these species, except that Pennisetum clandestinum then covered a large area along the west side of the island.
Excluding taxa used for ornamental or culinary purposes, nearly 200 species of vascular plants have been recorded since 1932 of which about 140 were still present in the late 1990s. There are ten species of ferns e.g. Pteridium esculentum, widespread and sometimes codominant with Lomandra longifolia, and Asplenium obtusatum, frequently found among the rocks along the east side of the island. The only taxon unique to Montagu Island is a hybrid of this species and Asplenium australasicum. Among the flowering plants there are about 110 native species and about 70 species naturalised in Australia. About 85 and 40, respectively, are still present today. Many of these have a wide distribution in Australia and only about 25 have a more restricted coastal distribution. The species that have disappeared include many that were weeds in the vegetable gardens or around the chicken sheds. Several naturalised species still present are notorious for their capacity to overrun existing vegetation. Foremost among these is Pennisetum clandestinum, which now covers about one-third of the island; Acetosa sagittata is a close second. Other contenders are Dipogon lignosus and Delairea odorata. It is now apparent that these species were kept in check by the feral goats that roamed the island before it was declared a Nature Reserve in December 1987.
Downey (1998) collated an inventory of mistletoe host species based on herbaria records for every aerial mistletoe species (families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia. In this paper the representative nature of those host lists is examined in an extensive field survey of mistletoes and their host species in south-eastern New South Wales (including Australian Capital Territory). Four new host species not in the 1998 inventory, and eight new mistletoe-host combinations (i.e. a previously recorded host but not for that particular mistletoe species) were collected. These new records were distributed throughout the survey area. Interestingly, these new host-mistletoe combinations were for mistletoe species that were well represented in the national inventory (i.e. with many herbarium collections and numerous host species). The initial inventory was incomplete, at least for south-eastern New South Wales, indicating the need for (i) more targeted surveys similar to this one, and/or (ii) regular updates of the host inventory based on voucher specimens. A possible reasons why information on host-mistletoe combinations is incomplete may be that such combinations may be dynamic (i.e. mistletoe species may be expanding their suite of potential hosts, either fortuitously or as result of evolutionary pressures).
A study was undertaken of the floristic patterns in coastal rainforest (low closed forest) of Shoalwater Bay, central Queensland. The site encompasses 60 km of coastline, extending from latitude 22° 08’ 30’’ to 22° 30’ 0” and longitude 150° 02’ 00” to 150° 24’ 30”. The rainforest grows on coastal Holocene sand dunes, swales and sand flats, distributed as a series of 27 discrete patches greater than one hectare along 60 kilometres of coastline. Mean patch size was 10.7 hectares (maximum 150 hectares). The flora was predominantly woody, and lacked the complex growth forms of Webb (1968). Floristic links with central and north Queensland were strong, with some species distributions extending into Malesia and the Pacific. Three physical strata, emergent (composed of trees), canopy (composed of trees, vines and epiphytes) and sub-canopy (trees, vines and herbs) were recognised. The herb layer was very poorly developed. Eighty-one species were recorded, representing 42 families and 72 genera.
Sixty three quadrats were sampled across the rainforest patches to measure abundance of all vascular taxa using frequency score. Five floristic groups were defined from agglomerative classification analysis, one representing mixed forest, two representing low microphyll vine forest (LMVF) and two representing microphyll vine thicket (MVT). The vegetation at the study site was predominantly MVT. Five species groups were defined, one correlated with the mixed forest, one with the LMVF and one with the MVT. The remaining species groups represented ubiquitous and widespread species. Floristic patterns were found to be strongly influenced by three environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis. The strongest variable was drainage, which separated the mixed forest from the vine forest/thicket. The LMVF/MVT vegetation forms a continuum along an environmental gradient, influenced by exposure to onshore-winds and landform height. The mesic/protected extreme was represented by the tallest LMVF situated in swales, whilst at the exposure/ elevation extreme was represented by wind-sheared MVT located on foredunes.
Werakata National Park (32° 50 S, 151° 25 E), near Cessnock in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, conserves 2145 ha of mostly open forest vegetation, which was formerly widespread in the lower Hunter Valley. Six vegetation communities are delineated; Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest occupies most of the Park. All communities present are considered to be poorly conserved in the region and Werakata plays a critical role in the protection of these vegetation types. Two vegetation communities, Kurri Sand Swamp Woodland and Hunter Lowlands Redgum Forest, are listed as Endangered Ecological Communities under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, while others may warrant future listing. Considerable variation in the floristic composition of the Kurri Sand Swamp Woodland is apparent in the area and the implications are discussed. Populations of four vulnerable plant taxa — Callistemon linearifolius, Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens, Eucalyptus glaucina, Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora, and two rare plant taxa — Grevillea montana, Macrozamia flexuosa, together with several other regionally significant species occur within Werakata.
Recommendations are made on the conservation of plant taxa and vegetation communities in the Cessnock area, and on general reserve management. It is suggested that further areas be added to the reserve to consolidate and expand upon that which is already contained, particularly in regard to threatened species, and endangered and poorly conserved ecological communities.
Buchbesprechungen
(2004)
Internetseiten
(2004)
Wegen der schlechten Reproduktion im vorigen Heft wird das Foto von Walter Klein hier nochmals gebracht. Im Lebenslauf ist eine Ehrung nachzutragen, welche das Engagement von Walter Klein und seiner Ehefrau Elisabeth in der Floristik und im Naturschutz in der Wetterau würdigt: Beide erhielten 1988 den Umweltschutzpreis des Wetteraukreises für beispielhafte Leis-tungen auf dem Gebiet des Natur- und Umweltschutzes.
Wenn Søren Kierkegaard in den "Schriften über sich selbst" die eigene Gegenwart als "eine Zeit der Auflösung"l bezeichnet, die eine "Radikalkur" bedürfe, so markiert er damit zugleich seinen eigenen philosophischen Entwurf existenz-dialektischen Denkens. als ein Konzept, das im Horizont jener gesellschaftlichen Modernisierungsprozesse zu verorten ist, die im Laufe des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts eine Neukonzeptualisierung des Denkens von Mensch und Welt unabweisbar fordern. Topisch geworden in diesem Sinne ist Karl Löwiths Rede vom "revolutionären Bruch im Denken des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts". Wie für viele seiner Zeitgenossen bildet dabei für Kierkegaard die Identitätsphilosophie Hegels den negativen Bezugspunkt. Während jedoch Theoretiker wie Marx in dem Sinne der Hegelschen Spur folgen, daß sie den Systemcharakter dieser ersten Theorie der Moderne beerben, ist es im Falle Kierkegaards gerade Hegels Verwissenschaftlichung der Philosophie, die zum Widerspruch herausfordert. Der Begriff der Verwissenschaftlichung bezeichnet dabei den Sachverhalt, daß die Philosophie in Gestalt einer objektivierenden Ontologie der Gegenwart dem Individuum keinerlei Handlungsorientierung mehr zu geben vermag. Kierkegaard problematisiert mit seiner HegelKritik also jene Grundtendenz der modernen Kultur, welche Max Weber als einen Prozeß der Ausdifferenzierung in füreinander gleichgültige Wertsphären und mithin als einen Vorgang der Dezentrierung der symbolischen Ordnung beschrieben hat.
Franz Werfels Roman „Stern der Ungeborenen“ von 1945 ist bisher kaum Gegenstand des Interesses der Fachwelt des magischen, mystischen und okkulten Metiers gewesen: Ein Desiderat also? Kaum. Ist doch Werfels letzter Roman eine klassische science-fiction oder aber eine klassische Utopie, Vertreter zweier Gattungen also, die mit dem literarischen Magismus, Mystizismus und Okkultismus eben nicht vermischt werden dürften, da die Aufbauprinzipien, die Weltsicht und Weltpräsentation, die Funktionen der beiden Sorten nichts gemein haben. Der Roman Werfels trägt auch noch den Untertitel „ein Reiseroman“ und auch der – unter Werfel-Fans berühmte – „Waschzettel“ Freidrich Torbergs verweist ihn in die Familie der utopischen science-fiction: „Dieser Stern der Ungeborenen, geschrieben in der Gnadenfrist zwischen Ankündigung und Vollzug eines verfrühten Todesurteils, geschrieben von einem, der dem Tod geweiht war und vom Tod geweiht, verhält sich zu aller Utopia-Literatur wie Gulliver zum Struwwelpeter. Er wird bleiben, so lange es Zukunft gibt und Menschlichkeit, und so lange man, um sie zu schauen, entweder tot sein muß oder ein Dichter.“
This paper sets out to analyze the influence of different types of venture capitalists on the performance of their portfolio firms around and after IPO. We investigate the hypothesis that different governance structures, objectives, and track records of different types of VCs have a significant impact on their respective IPOs. We explore this hypothesis using a data set embracing all IPOs that have occurred on Germany's Neuer Markt. Our main finding is that significant differences among the different VCs exist. Firms backed by independent VCs perform significantly better two years after IPO as compared to all other IPOs, and their share prices fluctuate less than those of their counterparts in this period of time. On the contrary, firms backed by public VCs show relative underperformance. The fact that this could occur implies that market participants did not correctly assess the role played by different types of VCs.
Es werden aktuelle Publikationen zu folgenden Arten(gruppen) referiert (teilweise unter Wiedergabe von Bestimmungsschlüsseln): Amaranthus, Atriplex, Bolboschoenus, Lamium und Thlaspi perfoliatum. Es folgt eine neue Rubrik "Molekulare Phylogenetik" mit knappen Zusammenfassungen und Hinweisen auf die wesentlichen taxonomischen Konsequenzen.
Die seit dem sechsten Nachtrag (September 2002) bekannt gewordenen Ergänzungen und Verbesserungen zum "Namensverzeichnis" sind im siebten Nachtrag zusammengefasst. Neue Ergebnisse zur Taxonomie von Torilis arvensis, Chenopodium und Dysphania, Senecio paludosus und Centaurea stoebe mit Bezug auf Hessen werden besprochen. Ferner sind Hinweise zur Nomenklatur der Orchidaceae, zur Sorbus-latifolia-Gruppe und zu einer Sippe der Weinrosen-Gruppe (Rosa subsectio Rubigineae) angefügt. Neukombination: Dactylorhiza incarnata var. haussknechtii (Klinge) Buttler, combinatio nova.
Der Drüsige Ehrenpreis hat ein mediterran-submediterranes Areal und erreicht in Hessen seine nördliche Verbreitungsgrenze. Er wächst auf kalkarmen, sauren bis mäßig basenreichen und mäßig nährstoffreichen Böden, die im Frühjahr feucht bis nass sind. Die Standorte sind offenerdig und weisen nur eine lückige Vegetationsdecke auf. Die Art wird als segetaler Kulturfolger bezeichnet und ist vermutlich erst infolge der Ackerbaunutzung in historischer Zeit nach Mitteleuropa gelangt. Veronica acinifolia war früher in Hessen in der Umgebung von Gießen ziemlich häufig. Inzwischen ist nur noch ein einziges Vorkommen bei Pohlheim-Hausen bekannt, dessen Fortbestand auf kleinräumige Störungen und Bodenverwundungen im Grünland angewiesen ist. In früherer Zeit kam die Art hauptsächlich auf flachgründigen, extensiv bewirtschafteten Äckern vor. Aufgrund der veränderten landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in der heutigen Zeit finden sich solche ökologischen Konstellationen nur noch selten.