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The Changhsingian (Late Permian) Hambast Formation of sections at Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran) has yielded diverse ammonoid assemblages composed of the genera Pseudogastrioceras, Shevyrevites, Arasella, Dzhulfites, Paratirolites, Clivotirolites gen. nov., Esfahanites gen. nov., Alibashites, Lutites gen. nov., Abichites and Stoyanowites. The succession of ammonoid species allows for a subdivision of the rock unit into biozones, which largely correlate with the occurrences in north-western Iran. Three new genera, Clivotirolites Korn & Hairapetian gen. nov., Esfahanites Korn & Hairapetian gen. nov. and Lutites Korn & Hairapetian gen. nov., as well as 19 new species are described: Shevyrevites corrugatus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Arasella falcata Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Dzhulfites brevisellatus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Paratirolites rubens Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Paratirolites lanceolobatus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Paratirolites robustus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Paratirolites baghukensis Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Paratirolites aduncus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Clivotirolites decoratus Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Clivotirolites petilus Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Esfahanites armatus Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Lutites paucis Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Lutites lyriformis Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Lutites profundus Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Lutites alius Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Lutites plicatus Korn & Hairapetian gen. et sp. nov., Abichites ovalis Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov., Abichites infirmus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov. and Stoyanowites parallelus Korn & Hairapetian sp. nov. The material described here is, together with the material from NW Iran, the most diverse assemblage known from the interval before the end-Permian mass extinction.
The pharciceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)
(2021)
The ammonoids of the suborder Pharciceratina from the Red Ironstone Formation of the area around Dillenburg (eastern Rhenish Mountains) are revised, mainly based on historical collections stored in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. The genus Evopharciceras gen. nov. and the following species are newly described: Maenioceras ornatum sp. nov., Pharciceras beyrichi sp. nov., Pharciceras kruegeri sp. nov., Pharciceras ferrum sp. nov., Evopharciceras formosum gen. et sp. nov., Extropharciceras metallicum sp. nov., Lunupharciceras kochi sp. nov., Stenopharciceras lotzi sp. nov., Pluripharciceras ahlburgi sp. nov. and Sandbergeroceras archiaci sp. nov. Neotypes are proposed for the species Extropharciceras becheri (von Buch, 1832) and Sandbergeroceras costatum (d’Archiac & de Verneuil, 1842). The stratigraphic distribution of the genera is discussed; they are assigned to three assemblages: (1) Maenioceras terebratum Zone (early Givetian; two species), (2) Pseudoprobeloceras pernai Zone (latest Givetian; fifteen species) and (3) Sandbergeroceras costatum Zone (early Frasnian; three species).
The ammonoids of the suborder Gephuroceratina from the Roteisenstein (Red Ironstone) Formation of the area around Dillenburg (eastern Rhenish Mountains) are revised, mainly based on historical collections stored in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. The new species Ponticeras materni sp. nov. is described and the species Pseudoprobeloceras pernai (Wedekind, 1918), Pseudoprobeloceras applanatum (Wedekind, 1918), Ponticeras aequabile (Beyrich, 1837), Darkaoceras galeatum (Matern, 1931), Taouzites acutus (Matern, 1931), Koenenites lamellosus (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851), Acanthoclymenia forcipifera (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851) and Acanthoclymenia planorbis (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851) are revised. The stratigraphic distribution of the genera is discussed; they are assigned to three assemblages: (1) Pseudoprobeloceras pernai Zone (latest Givetian; genera Pseudoprobeloceras, Ponticeras, Darkaoceras and Taouzites), (2) Koenenites lamellosus Zone (early Frasnian, containing Koenenites lamellosus and Acanthoclymenia forcipifera) and (3) Mesobeloceras kayseri Zone (middle Frasnian, containing Acanthoclymenia planorbis).
The tornoceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)
(2022)
The ammonoids of the suborder Tornoceratina from the Middle to Late Devonian Red Ironstone Formation of the area around Dillenburg (eastern Rhenish Mountains) are revised, mainly based on historical collections stored in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. The species Tornoceras typus (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851), Tornoceras frechi Wedekind, 1918 and Epitornoceras mithracoides (Frech, 1888) are re-described based on the original material from the Red Ironstone. The new genus Lentitornoceras gen. nov. is proposed for the new species L. materni gen. et sp. nov.; the new genus Paucitornoceras gen. nov. is proposed with the type species Goniatites paucistriatus. Epitornoceras transmediterraneum sp. nov. is described from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco and compared with E. mithracoides.
Coiled nautiloids of the Tournaisian and early to middle Viséan (Early Carboniferous) have so far only become known from a few regions. Here we describe material from five localities in southern Algeria; these belong to four stratigraphic horizons (two horizons in the late Tournaisian, one horizon near the Tournaisian–Viséan boundary, one horizon in the early to middle Viséan). From these, the new genera Stroborineceras gen. nov. and Trilobitoceras gen. nov. and the following new species are described: Rineceras tenerum sp. nov., Stroborineceras insalahensis gen. et sp. nov., Stroborineceras felis gen. et sp. nov., Stroboceras mane sp. nov., Stroboceras ancilis sp. nov., Vestinautilus angulatus sp. nov., Vestinautilus papilio sp. nov., Vestinautilus inflexus sp. nov., Vestinautilus bicristatus sp. nov., Trilobitoceras peculiaris gen. et sp. nov., Aphelaeceras azzelmattiense sp. nov., Maccoyoceras saharensis sp. nov., Maccoyoceras habadraense sp. nov. and Maccoyoceras concavum sp. nov.
This synonymic list of the flat bugs (Aradidae) ofthe world enumerates 1,798 species in 211 genera. Names of eight fossil species are given in their original combination in modern genera. The list is introduced by brief discussions of habits, food, ecology and distribution. Many taxonomic innovations are included, as follows: Subfamily Chinamyersiinae is divided into two new tribes, Chinamyersiini and Tretocorini; the subfamily Prosympiestinae is divided into two new tribes, Llaimacorini and Prosympiestini. All currently recognized subgenera are raised to generic rank: Aneurillus, Breviscutaneurus, lralunelus, and Paraneurus from Aneurus; Miraradus and Quilnus from Aradus; Lissaptera and Nesiaptera from Acaraptera; Neoproxius and Nesoproxius from Proxius (see list below for new combinations resulting). Three genus-group names are raised from synonymy: Aneurosoma; Burgeonia and Brachyrhynchus. One genus-group name is reduced to synonymy; Zimera as a junior synonym of Brachyrhynchus. The following new species-genus combinations are made, these mostly resulting from elevation of subgenera to generic status or species transfers. In Aneurillus - borneensis, cetratus, cheesmanae, consimilis, doesbergi, foliaceus, glaberrimus, gracilis, jacobsoni, longicollis, papuasicus, pumilus, superbus; in Aneurosoma - dissimile; in Aneurus - septentrionalis; in Aradus - dignatus; in Arbanatus - asiaticus, loriae; in Brachyrhynchus - affinis, amplicollis, andamanensis, angolensis, armigerus, australis, bergrothi, bergrothianus, bhoutanensis, breuiceps, burmensis, confectus, confusus, consimilis, crenatus, dentipes, discrepans, dispar, duboisi, elegans, exarmatus, funebrus, furcatulus, furcatus, germari, gracilicornis, granos us, hospidus, hoberlandti, horridus, hsiaoi, incisus, incognitus, insignis, intermedius, javanensis, kachenensis, kerzhneri, lindemannae, longicornis, longirostris, luberoensis, luzonicus, machadoi, madagascariensis, mauricii, membranaceus, micronesicus, monedulus, mario, ouerlaeti, parallelus, pauper, philippinensis, piliferus, poriaicolus, projectus, quadridentatus, quadrispinosus, rossi, rugosus, scrupulosus, serratus, similis, solomonensis, spinipes, stolidus, subinermis, subtriangulus, sulcatus, sulcicornis, sumatrensis, taiwanicus, teter, thailandicus, triangulus, tristis, urijdaghi; in Breviscutaneurus - breviscutatus, helenae, madagascariensis, medioscutatus; in Burgeonia - burgeon, dilatatus, froidebisei, intermedius, kormileui, madagascariensis, maynei, paruus, schoutedeni, usingeri; in Chiastoplonia - pusio; in lralunellus - aibonitensis, bergi, bispinosus, boliuianus, carioca, costariquensis, flavomaculatus, ftitzi, gallicus, leptocerus, longicornis, marginalis, monrosi, plaumanni, politus, sahlbergi, simulans, subdipterous, tenuis, westwoodi, wygodzinsky; in Miraradus - foliaceus, himalayensis, mirabilis, oeruendetes; in Neoproxius - amazonicus, carioca, costariquensis, gypsatus, incaicus, lindemannae, magdalenae, nicaraguensis, palliatus, panamensis, personatus, peruuianus, schwarzii; in Nesiaptera - denticulata, gibbosa, ouata, rotundata, tuberculata, zimmermani; in Nesoproxius - angulatus, constrictus, gracilis, hexagonalis, malayensis, minutus, punctulatus, vietnamensis, yoshimotoi; in Neuroctenus - ghesqueri; in Oreossa - insignis; in Quilnus - amurensis, breuirostris, discedens, heidemanni, niger, nigrinus, oregonicus, paruicollis, subsimilis, usingeri. Three new species names are proposed: Brachyrhynchus pauper for the preoccupied Mezira modesta Kormilev, 1972; Mezira uicina for the preoccupied Mezira proxima Kormilev, 1982; and Mezira doesburgi for the preoccupied Mezira surinamensis Kormilev, 1974. Five new species-synonymys are made: Aradus centriguttatus as a junior synonym of Aradus similis; Mezira jacobsoni as a junior synonym of Daulocoris cornigerus; Mezira modesta as a junior synonym of Brachyrhynchus membranaceus; Neuroctenus breuicornis as a junior synonym of Neuroctenus ater; Notoplocaptera malaisei as a junior synonym of Zoroaptera malaisei. Four new emendations of gender endings are proposed for the species name "halaszfyi": Artabanus halaszfyae, Chelysosoma halaszfyae, Ctenoneurus halaszfyae, Mezira halaszfyae.
Previous studies document a relationship between gambling activity at the aggregate level and investments in securities with lottery-like features. We combine data on individual gambling consumption with portfolio holdings and trading records to examine whether gambling and trading act as substitutes or complements. We find that gamblers are more likely than the average investor to hold lottery stocks, but significantly less likely than active traders who do not gamble. Our results suggest that gambling behavior across domains is less relevant compared to other portfolio characteristics that predict investing in high-risk and high-skew securities, and that gambling on and off the stock market act as substitutes to satisfy the same need, e.g., sensation seeking.
Background: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) allows to inflict intracorporal thermal lesions without penetrating the skin or damaging the surrounding tissue. This analysis intends to assess the magnitude of HIFU-induced ablations within benign thyroid nodules using scintigraphic imaging with 99mTc.
Methods: Ten cold, hot, or indifferent nodules were treated using multiple pulses of HIFU to induce temperatures of around 85°C within the ablation zone. Pre- and posttreatment, uptake values of 99mTc pertechnetate or 99mTc-MIBI were recorded. The pre-post reduction of nodular uptake was evaluated to assess ablation magnitude.
Results: Relative nodular uptake in relation to total thyroidal uptake decreased after one session of HIFU in all cases. Median 99mTc-MIBI uptake reduction was 35.5% (ranging from 11% to 57%; p < 0.1), while 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy showed a median uptake reduction of 27% (range 10% to 44%; p < 0.1). No major complications were observed.
Conclusions: HIFU appears to be safe and is an easy to perform means of thermal ablation. This study shows that HIFU treatment in thyroidal nodules can be evaluated by scintigraphic means shortly after the intervention. Due to small sample size, the exact magnitude of HIFU ablation efficiency in thyroidal nodules remains a value to beassessed in a larger study.
Background: Because Endomyocardial Biopsy has low sensitivity of about 20%, it can be performed near to myocardium that presented as Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However the important issue of comparing topography of CMR and histological findings has not yet been investigated. Thus the current study was performed using an animal model of myocarditis. Results: In 10 male Lewis rats Experimental Autoimmune myocarditis was induced, 10 rats served as control. On day 21 animals were examined by CMR to compare topographic distribution of LGE to histological inflammation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for LGE in diagnosing myocarditis were determined for each segment of myocardium. Latter diagnostic values varied widely depending on topographic distribution of LGE and inflammation as well as on the used CMR sequence. Sensitivity of LGE was up to 76% (left lateral myocardium) and positive predictive values were up to 85% (left lateral myocardium), whereas sensitivity and positive predictive value dropped to 0 - 33% (left inferior myocardium). Conclusions: Topographic distribution of LGE and histological inflammation seem to influence sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive values. Nevertheless, positive predictive value for LGE of up to 85% indicates that Endomyocardial Biopsy should be performed "MR-guided". LGE seems to have greater sensitivity than Endomyocardial Biopsy for the diagnosis of myocarditis.
This study addresses the structure-function relationships of three essential membrane proteins: Porin from Paracoccus denitrificans, Porin OmpG from Eschericia coli and BetP from Corynobacterium glutamicum using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) techniques. The structure of porin from P. denitrificans is known for more than a decade; however, the mechanism for loss of functionality together with the monomerization was not clear. In this study we have addressed the role of lipids for the functionality of porin using FT-IR. OmpF porin was found to interact with the lipid molecules via the aromatic girdles surrounding the protein for functionality. In this study, molecular bonds and groups of the lipids were established as reporter groups probing at different depths of the bilayer in order to understand the interaction partner of the aromatic girdles of porins. Monomerization of the trimeric assembly of OmpF porin reconstituted in lipids is induced by increasing the temperature. Porin (OmpF) was found to be extremely stable: The secondary structure of the protein was unaltered up to the temperature-induced main transition, around 80-90 °C, above which it is denatured. However, the interaction of the aromatic girdle with the lipid molecules exhibited distinct changes at much lower temperature values (40 - 50°) where, according to the previous functional studies, monomerization and the loss of function occurs. The results are compared with OmpG porin from E.coli, for which the functional unit is a monomer. The aromatic girdle-lipid interaction was monitored by the tyrosine aromatic ring C=C vibrational mode, a universal marker for the protein stability and interaction. We have also found that the aromatic girdles of porins are interacting with the interfacial region of the lipid bilayer instead of lipid headgroups. Lipid-protein interaction was found to be not only essential for the structural stability, but also for the functionality of OmpF porin. We have also studied the structural properties of OmpG from E.coli. The structure of OmpG at two pH values has been resolved using X-ray crystallography and the channel has been proposed to attain different states at different pH values as closed (pH < 5.5) and open (pH >7.5). This study, using IR spectroscopy, revealed that the pH-induced opening and closing of the channel is reflected by the frequency shifts of the ? sheet structure. OmpG has more rigid ? barrel properties upon opening of the channel. IR spectral analysis revealed multiple ? sheet signals with different hydrogen bond strengths. This enabled us to monitor the formation of hydrogen bridges between the extracellular loops upon opening of the channel. The conclusion that OmpG porin having two states at different pH values was also confirmed by the three mutants where the role of the histidine pair (H231 & H261) and loop 6 has been addressed. Temperature-profiling of the wild type (WT) protein and the mutants did not show pH dependent structural stability differences in detergent solution. However, the WT protein was found to be more stable in the open form in 2D crystals than the closed form. Reconstitution into lipids has increased the transition temperature value by ~20 °C in the closed state and ~25 °C in the open state. Therefore we conclude that the open and closed state of OmpG has structural stability differences that are only revealed in the lipid environment. A comparison of the transition temperature values of OmpG WT and the mutants suggested that the hydrogen bond network among S218-H231-H261-D267, together with the formation of 12 residue-long ?-sheet contributes to the structural stability of the open channel. In the process of closing and opening of the channel, the globular structure of the protein remains mainly unchanged, while there are changes in the side chain moieties. In addition to the role of the histidine pair and the loop L6, in situ opening/closing experiments showed that the negatively charged amino acids, i.e. Asp and Glu, and Arg residues also play an active role; possibly by interacting with each other inside the pore lumen. Therefore it could be concluded that the closure of the channel at acidic pH values is not only via closing the channel entrance by loop 6, but also via changing the electric potential inside the lumen due to the different states of charged amino acids in order to effectively block the gateway. BetP from C.glutamicum attains an active and inactive state in order to adjust its glycine betaine uptake rate to the osmotic conditions that the cell encounters. The structure of BetP is not yet available. The WT protein exhibited structural differences in the presence of excess K+, which is one of the activation conditions. In 2D crystals, increasing the ionic strength to 700 mM K+ was shown to induce changes in the ?-helical moiety with contributions from the ester groups and one Tyr residue using ATR-FTIR. An increase in ionic strength to 220 mM K+ was found to be the threshold value of potassium concentration ([K+]) where the protein exhibits structural alterations in detergent solution. The determined [K+] values are in good agreement with the previous functional studies. However, there are differences in the activation profile of BetP in 2D crystals and in detergent solution, which points out that the lipids are involved in the conformational transition from the inactive to the active state and their absence can lead to different structural properties. BetP WT was found to have ~65% alpha-helix, ~25% random coil and ~10% turn structure in detergent solution. In the presence of excess K+, the WT protein is found to adapt more unordered structure. Secondary structure analysis of the mutants revealed that both the N- and C-terminus are in ?-helical conformation. Reconstitution of WT protein in 2D crystals increased the main transition (denaturation) temperature value from ~62 °C to ~85 °C, a clear indication that the protein is more stable in lipid environment. Temperature-profiling of the two forms of the WT protein revealed that the structural breakdown is preceeded by monomerization of the trimeric assembly. Comparing the two forms of the WT protein and the mutant BetA, we conclude that the oligomeric status is stabilized via the interactions among hydrophilic regions involving the N terminus. H/D exchange and activation with excess K+ in D2O-buffer revealed that activation of the protein involves the interaction of Arg and Asp/Glu residues in the cytoplasmic region of the protein. BetP WT and the two mutants tested, i.e. BetA and BetP?C45, showed differences in protein packing upon activation. The WT protein and BetP?C45 mutant also show changes in the hydrogen bonding properties of turns. Since BetA does not show such a property in activation, we conclude that the N-terminus interacts with the loops in the inactive state via the interaction of charged amino acids for the WT protein and that this interaction is altered during the activation. It could be argued that the protein packing is affected via the changes in turns upon activation. We also have found experimental evidence that one Tyr residue has different orientations in the active and inactive state of BetP. Based on the previous functional studies, it could be one of the five Tyr residues in the cytoplasmic region of the protein (in loop 3, 6, 7 or C-terminus). The mutant BetP?C45, on the other hand, showed fewer differences between the active and inactive state conditions and based on the H/D exchange rates, the mutant shows the properties of an active WT protein, proving that the C-terminal truncation impairs the conformational transition between the active and inactive states.