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"Nichts ist variabler als die Bedeutung des Wortes Variabilität", meint Hugo de Vries 1901; und kaum etwas so mutabel wie die des Wortes 'Mutation'. Aber was heißt das schon? Weil wir, so Ludwik Fleck, "fortwährend Zeugen sind, wie 'Mutationen' des Denkstils eintreten"? Fleck führt 1935 die Mutationen ein, als er beschreibt, wie aus "Urideen" moderne Begrifflichkeit entsteht, indem etwa "[m]it einem Mal [...] unklar [wurde], was Art, was Individuum sein soll [...]." Sein wissensgeschichtlicher Bezug auf den seinerzeit bereits biologisch ausgewiesenen Begriff konzediert jedoch selbst einen Denkstil, demnach Erkenntnisse der Wissenschaften vom Leben, namentlich der Mutationstheorie, dazu taugen, kulturelle Entwicklungen zu kennzeichnen. Damit steht er freilich seinerzeit nicht allein. Soziologen, Historiker, Anthropologen, Literaturwissenschaftler und eben auch historische Epistemologen hatten sich dem Begriff der Mutation bereits massiv zugewandt. Maßgeblich nach Hugo de Vries' 'Die Mutationstheorie' (1901/1903) kehren plötzliche Wandlungen in der Konzeption von längeren Entwicklungsverläufen vermehrt in die Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften ein und stellen die Kontinuität von Arten, Ideen, Begriffen zur Disposition. Doch besieht man die Machart des Begriffs in diesem für die Mutationsforschung konstitutiven Buch, so zeigen sich statt einer sprunghaften begrifflichen Neubildung tatsächlich imposante historische Allianzen und intentionale, performative Umwertungen, die eben nicht jählings auf kollektiver Ebene, sondern auch durch einzelne Begriffsautoren einigermaßen aufwändig in einen 'neuen' Begriff überführt werden.
Expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) is rapidly upregulated following tubular injury, constituting a biomarker for acute kidney damage. We examined the renal localization of Kim-1 expression in PKD/Mhm (polycystic kidney disease, Mannheim) (cy/+) rats (cy: mutated allel, +: wild type allel), an established model for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, with chronic, mainly proximal tubulointerstitial alterations. For immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis, kidneys of male adult heterozygously-affected (cy/+) and unaffected (+/+) littermates were perfusion-fixed or directly removed. Kim-1 expression was determined using peroxidase- or fluorescence-linked immunohistochemistry (alone or in combination with markers for tubule segments or differentiation). Compared to (+/+), only in (cy/+) kidneys, a chronic expression of Kim-1 could be detected by Western blot analysis, which was histologically confined to an apical cellular localization in areas of cystically-transformed proximal tubules with varying size and morphology, but not in distal tubular segments. Kim-1 was expressed by cystic epithelia exhibiting varying extents of dedifferentiation, as shown by double labeling with aquaporin-1, vimentin or osteopontin, yielding partial cellular coexpression. In this model, in contrast to other known molecules indicating renal injury and/or repair mechanisms, the chronic renal expression of Kim-1 is strictly confined to proximal cysts. Its exact role in interfering with tubulo-interstitial alterations in polycystic kidney disease warrants future investigations.
Fit to play : posture and seating position analysis with professional musicians - a study protocol
(2017)
Background: Musical performance-associated musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a common health problem among professional musicians. Considering the manifold consequences arising for the musicians, they can be seen as a threat for their professional activity. String players are the most affected group of musicians in this matter. Faults in upper body posture while playing the instrument, causing un-ergonomic static strain on the back and unergonomic limp-movements, are a main reason for musculoskeletal disorders and pain syndromes.
Methods: A total of 66 professional musicians, divided into three groups, are measured.
The division is performed by average duration of performance, intensity of daily exercise and professional experience. Video raster stereography, a three-dimensional analysis of the body posture, is used to analyse the instrument-specific posture. Furthermore the pressure distribution during seating is analysed. Measurements are performed because the musician is sitting on varying music chairs differing in structure and/or construction of the seating surface. The measurements take place in habitual seating position as well as during playing the instrument.
Results: To analyse the influence of different chairs, ANOVA for repeated measurements or Friedman-test is used, depending on normality assumptions. Comparison of posture between amateur musicians, students, and professional orchestral musicians is carried out the non-parametric Jonckheere-Terpstra-test.
Conclusions: Our method attempts to give the musicians indications for the right music chair choice by analyzing the chair concepts, so that thereby preemptively MSD can be reduced or prevented.
The critical debates of liberal peace are grounded in a "paradox of liberalism" (Sabaratnam 2013): Western liberalism is criticized as oppressive, colonial and bellicose, but also implicitly relied on as the source of emancipation. This has not rejected in a rejection of liberal interventionism, but rather in demands for more cultural sensitivity, more local participation or an efficient control to save the idea of liberal peace...
Die Wahlen über den Verbleib Großbritanniens in der EU haben die europäische Ordnung erschüttert. Der Vortrag/Die Präsentation soll nicht nur die Hintergründe beleuchten, sondern auch zeigen, welche Chancen die neue Situation eröffnet, Chancen, die es vorher so nicht gegeben hat...
Three basic elements should be part of researching in contexts where power asymmetries and colonial connotations are relevant (which applies to many, if not the majority of research contexts in conflict studies): a thorough reflexivity of the researcher’s own role and social conditioning, the construction of research as a political act as it intervenes in scientific and political discourse, and the fact that (especially empirical) research is a product of many (Kaltmeier 2012, Abu Lughod 1991)...
In my paper I claim that methodology inspired by postcolonial theory not only unearths how Western international institutions perpetuate hegemonic truth claims, but that at the same time engaging in a “learning to learn from below” might sense irritations within these truth claims which can open up spaces to think beyond truth in a sense of a justice to come. (Derrida 2002) Since the (mis)understanding of knowledge production as truth finding is constitutive of both, the scientific and the legal discourse, the engagement in such research accordingly has the potential to unfold a twofold deconstructive force...
"European" interventions
(2017)