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Die Entwicklung der Kulturlandschaft auf der Querfurt-Merseburger Platte seit dem Mittelalter
(2002)
Durch die Entwicklung der Produktivkräfte im 19.Jh. und besonders durch die Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jh. erreichte die Dynamik der Landschaftsveränderungen auch im Agrarraum ein sehr hohes Tempo. Um die Veränderungen der Kulturlandschaft als historischen Prozess zu begreifen und Spezifika der regionalen Entwicklung bei räumlichen Planungen berücksichtigen zu können, werden in Deutschland seit etlichen Jahren Untersuchungen zur historischen Landnutzung mit umweltrelevanter Zielsetzung durchgeführt. Während bei den meisten naturschutzbezogenen planungsrelevanten historischen Studien Landschaften bearbeitet wurden, die eine besondere Bedeutung für den Naturschutz besitzen, handelt es sich im Fall der Querfurt-Merseburger Platte um ein strukturarmes Agrarintensivgebiet mit Böden höchster Bonität innerhalb des mitteldeutschen Schwarzerdegebietes.
Das beschriebene Gebiet umfasst eine Fläche von 282 km2 und stellt als Ausschnitt des subherzynen Schwarzerdegebietes einen relativ homogenen Raum im südlichen Sachsen-Anhalt dar. Es umfasst den größten Teil der im Landschaftsprogramm von Sachsen-Anhalt als „Querfurter Platte“ bezeichneten Landschaftseinheit (Ministerium für Umwelt- und Naturschutz des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt 1994). Aus geologischer Sicht ist das Untersuchungsgebiet zweigeteilt. An die durch Muschelkalk geprägte "Querfurter Mulde" in der Westhälfte schließt sich östlich die "Merseburger Buntsandsteinplatte" an. Die Grenze zwischen beiden Einheiten verläuft in N-S-Richtung in etwa parallel zu der vor der Bildung des Landkreises Merseburg-Querfurt existierenden Kreisgrenze zwischen Langeneichstädt und Schafstädt. Deshalb wird vom Verfasser der Begriff der "Querfurt-Merseburger Platte" verwendet.
Background: Non-clear cell renal cell cancers (nccRCC) are rare entities, and the optimal therapy in metastatic disease has still to be defined. Methods: In this small prospectively randomized phase IIa multicenter trial, we investigated temsirolimus (TEM) versus sunitinib (SUN) as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic nccRCC. The patients were randomized 1:1 to either TEM in a dose of 25 mg i.v. once a week or SUN with 50 mg p.o. daily for 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). In total, 22 patients were included with predominantly papillary RCC (16/22) followed by chromophobe RCC and others. Results: The male to female ratio was 16:6. The tumor control rate (CR + PR + SD) was 58% for TEM and 90% for SUN-treated patients. There was also a trend for improved PFS with 9.3 versus 13.2 months (HR 1.64; 95% CI 0.65–4.18) in favor of SUN. There was no trend for overall survival. Conclusions: Despite this trial had to be terminated earlier due to low recruitment, the results match the other studies published so far with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and SUN, which show a trend in favor of SUN for ORR and PFS.
Background Different iron transport systems evolved in Gram-negative bacteria during evolution. Most of the transport systems depend on outer membrane localized TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs), a periplasma-facing TonB protein and a plasma membrane localized machinery (ExbBD). So far, iron chelators (siderophores), oligosaccharides and polypeptides have been identified as substrates of TBDTs. For iron transport, three uptake systems are defined: the lactoferrin/transferrin binding proteins, the porphyrin-dependent transporters and the siderophore-dependent transporters. However, for cyanobacteria almost nothing is known about possible TonB-dependent uptake systems for iron or other substrates. Results We have screened all publicly available eubacterial genomes for sequences representing (putative) TBDTs. Based on sequence similarity, we identified 195 clusters, where elements of one cluster may possibly recognize similar substrates. For Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 we identified 22 genes as putative TBDTs covering almost all known TBDT subclasses. This is a high number of TBDTs compared to other cyanobacteria. The expression of the 22 putative TBDTs individually depends on the presence of iron, copper or nitrogen. Conclusions We exemplified on TBDTs the power of CLANS-based classification, which demonstrates its importance for future application in systems biology. In addition, the tentative substrate assignment based on characterized proteins will stimulate the research of TBDTs in different species. For cyanobacteria, the atypical dependence of TBDT gene expression on different nutrition points to a yet unknown regulatory mechanism. In addition, we were able to clarify a hypothesis of the absence of TonB in cyanobacteria by the identification of according sequences.
Ribosome biogenesis is fundamental for cellular life, but surprisingly little is known about the underlying pathway. In eukaryotes a comprehensive collection of experimentally verified ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) exists only for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Far less is known for other fungi, animals or plants, and insights are even more limited for archaea. Starting from 255 yeast RBFs, we integrated ortholog searches, domain architecture comparisons and, in part, manual curation to investigate the inventories of RBF candidates in 261 eukaryotes, 26 archaea and 57 bacteria. The resulting phylogenetic profiles reveal the evolutionary ancestry of the yeast pathway. The oldest core comprising 20 RBF lineages dates back to the last universal common ancestor, while the youngest 20 factors are confined to the Saccharomycotina. On this basis, we outline similarities and differences of ribosome biogenesis across contemporary species. Archaea, so far a rather uncharted domain, possess 38 well-supported RBF candidates of which some are known to form functional sub-complexes in yeast. This provides initial evidence that ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes and archaea follows similar principles. Within eukaryotes, RBF repertoires vary considerably. A comparison of yeast and human reveals that lineage-specific adaptation via RBF exclusion and addition characterizes the evolution of this ancient pathway.
Ausgangsfragen: Was sind die grundlegenden methodisch-theoretischen Veränderungen des Faches in den vergangenen dreißig bis vierzig Jahren? Welchen Stellenwert haben Methoden und Theorien heute im Fach? In welchem Verhältnis steht die germanistische zur allgemeinen Methoden- und Theoriereflexion in den Geisteswissenschaften? Befinden wir uns am Ende des 'theoretischen Zeitalters'? Hat die Konzentration auf Methodik und Theorie das Fach der gebildeten Öffentlichkeit noch mehr als ohnehin entfremdet? Worin bestünden bzw. existieren überhaupt Alternativen zur Theorie? Etwa in Form einer Renaissance von Biographie oder Hermeneutik? Braucht das Fach überhaupt eine breite Debatte über seine theoretischen Horizonte und methodischen Standards? Oder sind andere Fragen vordringlicher, etwa eine stärkere Reflexion der gesellschaftlichen Aufgaben der Germanistik?
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common B-cell lymphoma in children. Within the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of 39 sporadic BL. Here, we unravel interaction of structural, mutational, and transcriptional changes, which contribute to MYC oncogene dysregulation together with the pathognomonic IG-MYC translocation. Moreover, by mapping IGH translocation breakpoints, we provide evidence that the precursor of at least a subset of BL is a B-cell poised to express IGHA. We describe the landscape of mutations, structural variants, and mutational processes, and identified a series of driver genes in the pathogenesis of BL, which can be targeted by various mechanisms, including IG-non MYC translocations, germline and somatic mutations, fusion transcripts, and alternative splicing.
Introduction: To determine the esthetic outcome of implant-based reconstructions after autologous and allogeneic bone grafting.
Methods: From 2003 to 2009, 67 patients underwent alveolar ridge augmentation and were enrolled in the study, 41 meet the inclusion criteria and 31 agreed to take part in the study. Patients were 18-69 years old (mean: 49.3 ± 13.8 years), and predominantly female. Patients received bone block grafts either autologous (n = 48) (AUBB) or allografts (ABB) (n = 19). Implants were inserted 4-7 months (autografts) or 5-6 months (allografts) after bone grafting. The Pink Esthetic Score (PES) as well as radiographic and subjective assessments were employed for the outcome analysis. The PES was assessed twice within one month based on digital photographic images that were randomly rearranged between evaluations by three independent, experienced investigators.
Results: Across all observations and investigators, the average PES was 7.5 ± 2.6 without differences between implants inserted in auto- and allografted bone, respectively. Patients assessed the allograft procedures as less painful and would have repeated it more often. The intra-rater reliability was excellent (correlation coefficients 0.7-0.9). The inter-observer agreement was lower (correlation coefficients 0.6-0.8).
Conclusions: Bone grafting with ABB allografts yields equivalent results to autologous grafting, and patients appreciate the omission of bone harvesting. The PES is a reliable method but should be performed by the same individual.