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Femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations K0SK0S and K0SK± are studied in pp collisions at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV by the ALICE experiment. At both energies, boson source parameters are extracted for both pair combinations, by fitting models based on Gaussian size distributions of the sources, to the measured two-particle correlation functions. The interaction model used for the K0SK0S analysis includes quantum statistics and strong final-state interactions through the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances. The model used for the K0SK± analysis includes only the final-state interaction through the a0 resonance. Source parameters extracted in the present work are compared with published values from pp collisions at s√= 7 TeV and the different pair combinations are found to be consistent. From the finding that the strength of the K0SK0S correlations is significantly greater than the strength of the K0SK± correlations, the new results are compatible with the a0 resonance being a tetraquark state of the form (q1,q2¯¯¯¯¯,s,s¯¯¯), where q1 and q2 are u or d quarks.
Correlations between mean transverse momentum [pT] and anisotropic flow coefficients v2 or v3 are measured as a function of centrality in Pb−Pb and Xe−Xe collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between [pT], v2, and v3 is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and TRENTo initial-state shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the TRENTo based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the TRENTo initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between [pT] and vn are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state and help pin down the uncertainty of the extracted properties of the quark−gluon plasma recreated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Correlations between mean transverse momentum [pT] and anisotropic flow coefficients v2 or v3 are measured as a function of centrality in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between [pT], v2, and v3 is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and TRENTo initial-state shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the TRENTo based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the TRENTo initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between [pT] and vn are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations K0SK0S and K0SK± are studied in pp collisions at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV by the ALICE experiment. At both energies, boson source parameters are extracted for both pair combinations, by fitting models based on Gaussian size distributions of the sources, to the measured two-particle correlation functions. The interaction model used for the K0SK0S analysis includes quantum statistics and strong final-state interactions through the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances. The model used for the K0SK± analysis includes only the final-state interaction through the a0 resonance. Source parameters extracted in the present work are compared with published values from pp collisions at s√= 7 TeV and the different pair combinations are found to be consistent. From the observation that the strength of the K0SK0S correlations is significantly greater than the strength of the K0SK± correlations, the new results are compatible with the a0 resonance being a tetraquark state of the form (q1,q2¯¯¯¯¯,s,s¯¯¯), where q1 and q2 are u or d quarks.
The production of prompt D0, D+, and D∗+ mesons was measured at midrapidity (|y|< 0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels and their production yields were measured in central (0-10%) and semicentral (30-50%) collisions. The measurement was performed up to a transverse momentum (pT) of 36 or 50 GeV/c depending on the D meson species and the centrality interval. For the first time in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC, the yield of D0 mesons was measured down to pT = 0, which allowed a model-independent determination of the pT-integrated yield per unit of rapidity (dN=dy). A maximum suppression by a factor 5 and 2.5 was observed with the nuclear modification factor (RAA) of prompt D mesons at pT = 6-8 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality classes, respectively. The D-meson RAA is compared with that of charged pions, charged hadrons, and J/ψ mesons as well as with theoretical predictions. The analysis of the agreement between the measured RAA, elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow, and the model predictions allowed us to constrain the charm spatial diffusion coefficient Ds. Furthermore the comparison of RAA and v2 with different implementations of the same models provides an important insight into the role of radiative energy loss as well as charm quark recombination in the hadronisation mechanisms.
The production of J/ψ is measured as a function of charged-particle multiplicity at forward rapidity in proton−proton (pp) collisions at center-of-mass energies s√= 5.02 and 13 TeV. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed via their decay into dimuons in the rapidity interval (2.5 <y< 4.0), whereas the charged-particle multiplicity density (\dnchdeta) is measured at midrapidity (|η|<1). The production rate as a function of multiplicity is reported as the ratio of the yield in a given multiplicity interval to the multiplicity-integrated one. This observable shows a linear increase with charged-particle multiplicity normalized to the corresponding average value for inelastic events (dNch/dη/⟨dNch/dη⟩), at both the colliding energies. Measurements are compared with available ALICE results at midrapidity and theoretical model calculations. First measurement of the mean transverse momentum (⟨pT⟩) of J/ψ in pp collisions exhibits an increasing trend as a function of dNch/dη/⟨dNch/dη⟩ showing a saturation towards high charged-particle multiplicities.
The production of J/ψ is measured as a function of charged-particle multiplicity at forward rapidity in proton−proton (pp) collisions at center-of-mass energies s√= 5.02 and 13 TeV. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed via their decay into dimuons in the rapidity interval (2.5 <y< 4.0), whereas the charged-particle multiplicity density (dNch/dη) is measured at midrapidity (|η|<1). The production rate as a function of multiplicity is reported as the ratio of the yield in a given multiplicity interval to the multiplicity-integrated one. This observable shows a linear increase with charged-particle multiplicity normalized to the corresponding average value for inelastic events (dNch/dη/⟨dNch/dη⟩), at both the colliding energies. Measurements are compared with available ALICE results at midrapidity and theoretical model calculations. First measurement of the mean transverse momentum (⟨pT⟩) of J/ψ in pp collisions exhibits an increasing trend as a function of dNch/dη/⟨dNch/dη⟩ showing a saturation towards high charged-particle multiplicities.
One of the key challenges for nuclear physics today is to understand from first principles the effective interaction between hadrons with different quark content. First successes have been achieved using techniques that solve the dynamics of quarks and gluons on discrete space-time lattices. Experimentally, the dynamics of the strong interaction have been studied by scattering hadrons off each other. Such scattering experiments are difficult or impossible for unstable hadrons and so high-quality measurements exist only for hadrons containing up and down quarks. Here we demonstrate that measuring correlations in the momentum space between hadron pairs produced in ultrarelativistic proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provides a precise method with which to obtain the missing information on the interaction dynamics between any pair of unstable hadrons. Specifically, we discuss the case of the interaction of baryons containing strange quarks (hyperons). We demonstrate how, using precision measurements of p-omega baryon correlations, the effect of the strong interaction for this hadron-hadron pair can be studied with precision similar to, and compared with, predictions from lattice calculations. The large number of hyperons identified in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, together with an accurate modelling of the small (approximately one femtometre) inter-particle distance and exact predictions for the correlation functions, enables a detailed determination of the short-range part of the nucleon-hyperon interaction.
One of the big challenges for nuclear physics today is to understand, starting from first principles, the effective interaction between hadrons with different quark content. First successes have been achieved utilizing techniques to solve the dynamics of quarks and gluons on discrete space-time lattices. Experimentally, the dynamics of the strong interaction have been studied by scattering hadrons off each other. Such scattering experiments are difficult or impossible for unstable hadrons and hence, high quality measurements exist only for hadrons containing up and down quarks. In this work, we demonstrate that measuring correlations in the momentum space between hadron pairs produced in ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN LHC provides a precise method to obtain the missing information on the interaction dynamics between any pair of unstable hadrons. Specifically, we discuss the case of the interaction of baryons containing strange quarks (hyperons). We demonstrate for the first time how, using precision measurements of p–Ω− correlations, the effect of the strong interaction for this hadron–hadron pair can be studied and compared with predictions from lattice calculations.
A new, more precise measurement of the Λ hyperon lifetime is performed using a large data sample of Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with ALICE. The Λ and Λ¯¯¯¯ hyperons are reconstructed at midrapidity using their two-body weak decay channel Λ→p+π− and Λ¯¯¯¯→p¯¯¯+π+. The measured value of the Λ lifetime is τΛ=[261.07±0.37 (stat.)±0.72 (syst.)] ps. The relative difference between the lifetime of Λ and Λ¯¯¯¯, which represents an important test of CPT invariance in the strangeness sector, is also measured. The obtained value (τΛ−τΛ¯¯¯¯)/τΛ=0.0013±0.0028 (stat.)±0.0021 (syst.) is consistent with zero within the uncertainties. Both measurements of the Λ hyperon lifetime and of the relative difference between τΛ and τΛ¯¯¯¯ are in agreement with the corresponding world averages of the Particle Data Group and about a factor of three more precise.