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Otto, Gerd ; Heise, Michael ; Thies, Jochen ; Pitton, Michael ; Schneider, Jens ; Kaiser, Gernot ; Neuhaus, Peter ; Kollmar, Otto ; Barthels, Michael ; Geks, Josef ; Bechstein, Wolf Otto ; Hellinger, Achim ; Klempnauer, Jürgen ; Padberg, Winfried ; Frühauf, Nils ; Ebbing, Andre ; Mauer, Dietmar ; Schneider, Astrid ; Kwiecien, Robert ; Kronfeld, Kai
Background. Arterial ex situ back-table perfusion (BP) reportedly reduces ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation. We aimed to verify these findings in a prospective investigation.
Methods. Our prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study involved livers retrieved from patients in 2 German regions, and compared the outcomes of standard aortic perfusion to those of aortic perfusion combined with arterial ex situ BP. The primary endpoint was the incidence of ischemic-type biliary lesions over a follow-up of 2 years after liver transplantation, whereas secondary endpoints included 2-year graft survival, initial graft damage as reflected by transaminase levels, and functional biliary parameters at 6 months after transplantation.
Results. A total of 75 livers preserved via standard aortic perfusion and 75 preserved via standard aortic perfusion plus arterial BP were treated using a standardized protocol. The incidence of clinically apparent biliary lesions after liver transplantation (n = 9 for both groups; P = 0.947), the 2-year graft survival rate (standard aortic perfusion, 74%; standard aortic perfusion plus arterial BP, 68%; P = 0.34), and incidence of initial graft injury did not differ between the 2 perfusion modes. Although 33 of the 77 patients with cholangiography workups exhibited injured bile ducts, only 10 had clinical symptoms.
Conclusions. Contrary to previous findings, the present study indicated that additional ex situ BP did not prevent ischemic-type biliary lesions or ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation. Moreover, there was considerable discrepancy between cholangiography findings regarding bile duct changes and clinically apparent cholangiopathy after transplantation, which should be considered when assessing ischemic-type biliary lesions.
Poster presentation: Introduction The ability of neurons to emit different firing patterns is considered relevant for neuronal information processing. In dopaminergic neurons, prominent patterns include highly regular pacemakers with separate spikes and stereotyped intervals, processes with repetitive bursts and partial regularity, and irregular spike trains with nonstationary properties. In order to model and quantify these processes and the variability of their patterns with respect to pharmacological and cellular properties, we aim to describe the two dimensions of burstiness and regularity in a single model framework. Methods We present a stochastic spike train model in which the degree of burstiness and the regularity of the oscillation are described independently and with two simple parameters. In this model, a background oscillation with independent and normally distributed intervals gives rise to Poissonian spike packets with a Gaussian firing intensity. The variability of inter-burst intervals and the average number of spikes in each burst indicate regularity and burstiness, respectively. These parameters can be estimated by fitting the model to the autocorrelograms. This allows to assign every spike train a position in the two-dimensional space described by regularity and burstiness and thus, to investigate the dependence of the firing patterns on different experimental conditions. Finally, burst detection in single spike trains is possible within the model because the parameter estimates determine the appropriate bandwidth that should be used for burst identification. Results and Discussion We applied the model to a sample data set obtained from dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area neurons recorded extracellularly in vivo and studied differences between the firing activity of dopaminergic neurons in wildtype and K-ATP channel knock-out mice. The model is able to represent a variety of discharge patterns and to describe changes induced pharmacologically. It provides a simple and objective classification scheme for the observed spike trains into pacemaker, irregular and bursty processes. In addition to the simple classification, changes in the parameters can be studied quantitatively, also including the properties related to bursting behavior. Interestingly, the proposed algorithm for burst detection may be applicable also to spike trains with nonstationary firing rates if the remaining parameters are unaffected. Thus, the proposed model and its burst detection algorithm can be useful for the description and investigation of neuronal firing patterns and their variability with cellular and experimental conditions.
Poster presentation: Introduction Dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain show a variety of firing patterns, ranging from very regular firing pacemaker cells to bursty and irregular neurons. The effects of different experimental conditions (like pharmacological treatment or genetical manipulations) on these neuronal discharge patterns may be subtle. Applying a stochastic model is a quantitative approach to reveal these changes. ...
In vivo functional diversity of midbrain dopamine neurons within identified axonal projections
(2019)
Farassat, Navid ; Machado Costa, Kauê ; Stojanovic, Strahinja ; Albert, Stefan ; Kovacheva, Lora ; Shin, Josef ; Egger, Richard ; Somayaji, Mahalakshmi ; Duvarci, Sevil ; Schneider, Gaby ; Roeper, Jochen
Functional diversity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons ranges across multiple scales, from differences in intrinsic properties and connectivity to selective task engagement in behaving animals. Distinct in vitro biophysical features of DA neurons have been associated with different axonal projection targets. However, it is unknown how this translates to different firing patterns of projection-defined DA subpopulations in the intact brain. We combined retrograde tracing with single-unit recording and labelling in mouse brain to create an in vivo functional topography of the midbrain DA system. We identified differences in burst firing among DA neurons projecting to dorsolateral striatum. Bursting also differentiated DA neurons in the medial substantia nigra (SN) projecting either to dorsal or ventral striatum. We found differences in mean firing rates and pause durations among ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons projecting to lateral or medial shell of nucleus accumbens. Our data establishes a high-resolution functional in vivo landscape of midbrain DA neurons.
Duvarci, Sevil ; Simpson, Eleanor H. ; Schneider, Gaby ; Kandel, Eric R. ; Roeper, Jochen ; Sigurdsson, Torfi
The dopamine (DA) system plays a major role in cognitive functions through its interactions with several brain regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Conversely, disturbances in the DA system contribute to cognitive deficits in psychiatric diseases, yet exactly how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we show, using mice with disease-relevant alterations in DA signaling (D2R-OE mice), that deficits in working memory (WM) are associated with impairments in the WM-dependent firing patterns of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The WM-dependent phase-locking of DA neurons to 4 Hz VTA-PFC oscillations is absent in D2R-OE mice and VTA-PFC synchrony deficits scale with their WM impairments. We also find reduced 4 Hz synchrony between VTA DA neurons and selective impairments in their representation of WM demand. These results identify how altered DA neuron activity—at the level of long-range network activity and task-related firing patterns—may underlie cognitive impairments.
Werfel, Stanislas ; Jakob, Carolin Ellen Marianne ; Borgmann, Stefan ; Schneider, Jochen ; Spinner, Christoph Daniel ; Schons, Maximilian ; Hower, Martin ; Wille, Kai ; Haselberger, Martina Maria ; Heuzeroth, Hanno ; Rüthrich, Maria Madeleine ; Dolff, Sebastian Conrad Johannes ; Kessel, Johanna ; Heemann, Uwe ; Vehreschild, Jörg Janne ; Rieg, Siegbert ; Schmaderer, Christoph
Scores to identify patients at high risk of progression of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may become instrumental for clinical decision-making and patient management. We used patient data from the multicentre Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients (LEOSS) and applied variable selection to develop a simplified scoring system to identify patients at increased risk of critical illness or death. A total of 1946 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the initial analysis and assigned to derivation and validation cohorts (n = 1297 and n = 649, respectively). Stability selection from over 100 baseline predictors for the combined endpoint of progression to the critical phase or COVID-19-related death enabled the development of a simplified score consisting of five predictors: C-reactive protein (CRP), age, clinical disease phase (uncomplicated vs. complicated), serum urea, and D-dimer (abbreviated as CAPS-D score). This score yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.85) in the validation cohort for predicting the combined endpoint within 7 days of diagnosis and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85) during full follow-up. We used an additional prospective cohort of 682 patients, diagnosed largely after the “first wave” of the pandemic to validate the predictive accuracy of the score and observed similar results (AUC for the event within 7 days: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.78–0.87]; for full follow-up: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.78–0.86]). An easily applicable score to calculate the risk of COVID-19 progression to critical illness or death was thus established and validated.
Bauer, Jochen ; Hechtel, Michael ; Konrad, Christoph ; Holzwarth, Martin ; Mayr, Andreas ; Schneider, Sven ; Franke, Jörg ; Hoffmann, Hilko ; Zinnikus, Ingo ; Feld, Thomas ; Runge, Mathias ; Hinz, Oliver
In the upcoming years, the internet of things (IoT)will enrich daily life. The combination of artificial intelligence(AI) and highly interoperable systems will bring context-sensitive multi-domain services to reality. This paper describesa concept for an AI-based smart living platform with open-HAB, a smart home middleware, and Web of Things (WoT) askey components of our approach. The platform concept con-siders different stakeholders, i.e. the housing industry, serviceproviders, and tenants. These activities are part of the Fore-Sight project, an AI-driven, context-sensitive smart living plat-form.
Klimmasch, Lukas ; Schneider, Johann ; Lelais, Alexander ; Fronius, Maria ; Shi, Bertram Emil ; Triesch, Jochen
The development of binocular vision is an active learning process comprising the development of disparity tuned neurons in visual cortex and the establishment of precise vergence control of the eyes. We present a computational model for the learning and self-calibration of active binocular vision based on the Active Efficient Coding framework, an extension of classic efficient coding ideas to active perception. Under normal rearing conditions with naturalistic input, the model develops disparity tuned neurons and precise vergence control, allowing it to correctly interpret random dot stereograms. Under altered rearing conditions modeled after neurophysiological experiments, the model qualitatively reproduces key experimental findings on changes in binocularity and disparity tuning. Furthermore, the model makes testable predictions regarding how altered rearing conditions impede the learning of precise vergence control. Finally, the model predicts a surprising new effect that impaired vergence control affects the statistics of orientation tuning in visual cortical neurons.
Schneider, Marius ; Bird, Alexander D ; Gidon, Albert ; Triesch, Jochen ; Jedlička, Peter ; Cuntz, Hermann
The electrical and computational properties of neurons in our brains are determined by a rich repertoire of membrane-spanning ion channels and elaborate dendritic trees. However, the precise reason for this inherent complexity remains unknown. Here, we generated large stochastic populations of biophysically realistic hippocampal granule cell models comparing those with all 15 ion channels to their reduced but functional counterparts containing only 5 ion channels. Strikingly, valid parameter combinations in the full models were more frequent and more stable in the face of perturbations to channel expression levels. Scaling up the numbers of ion channels artificially in the reduced models recovered these advantages confirming the key contribution of the actual number of ion channel types. We conclude that the diversity of ion channels gives a neuron greater flexibility and robustness to achieve target excitability.
Tillmann, Marietta ; Messer, Michael ; Bingmer, Markus ; Schiemann, Julia ; Neininger, Ralph ; Roeper, Jochen ; Schneider, Gaby
Poster presentation from Twentieth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2011 Stockholm, Sweden. 23-28 July 2011. In statistical spike train analysis, stochastic point process models usually assume stationarity, in particular that the underlying spike train shows a constant firing rate (e.g. [1]). However, such models can lead to misinterpretation of the associated tests if the assumption of rate stationarity is not met (e.g. [2]). Therefore, the analysis of nonstationary data requires that rate changes can be located as precisely as possible. However, present statistical methods focus on rejecting the null hypothesis of stationarity without explicitly locating the change point(s) (e.g. [3]). We propose a test for stationarity of a given spike train that can also be used to estimate the change points in the firing rate. Assuming a Poisson process with piecewise constant firing rate, we propose a Step-Filter-Test (SFT) which can work simultaneously in different time scales, accounting for the high variety of firing patterns in experimental spike trains. Formally, we compare the numbers N1=N1(t,h) and N2=N2(t,h) of spikes in the time intervals (t-h,t] and (h,t+h]. By varying t within a fine time lattice and simultaneously varying the interval length h, we obtain a multivariate statistic D(h,t):=(N1-N2)/V(N1+N2), for which we prove asymptotic multivariate normality under homogeneity. From this a practical, graphical device to spot changes of the firing rate is constructed. Our graphical representation of D(h,t) (Figure 1A) visualizes the changes in the firing rate. For the statistical test, a threshold K is chosen such that under homogeneity, |D(h,t)|<K holds for all investigated h and t with probability 0.95. This threshold can indicate potential change points in order to estimate the inhomogeneous rate profile (Figure 1B). The SFT is applied to a sample data set of spontaneous single unit activity recorded from the substantia nigra of anesthetized mice. In this data set, multiple rate changes are identified which agree closely with visual inspection. In contrast to approaches choosing one fixed kernel width [4], our method has advantages in the flexibility of h.
The development of binocular vision is an active learning process comprising the development of disparity tuned neurons in visual cortex and the establishment of precise vergence control of the eyes. We present a computational model for the learning and self-calibration of active binocular vision based on the Active Efficient Coding framework, an extension of classic efficient coding ideas to active perception. Under normal rearing conditions, the model develops disparity tuned neurons and precise vergence control, allowing it to correctly interpret random dot stereogramms. Under altered rearing conditions modeled after neurophysiological experiments, the model qualitatively reproduces key experimental findings on changes in binocularity and disparity tuning. Furthermore, the model makes testable predictions regarding how altered rearing conditions impede the learning of precise vergence control. Finally, the model predicts a surprising new effect that impaired vergence control affects the statistics of orientation tuning in visual cortical neurons.
Thomas, Christoph ; Aller, Stephen G. ; Beis, Konstantinos ; Carpenter, Elisabeth P. ; Chang, Geoffrey ; Chen, Lei ; Dassa, Elie ; Dean, Michael ; Duong Van Hoa, Franck ; Ekiert, Damian ; Ford, Robert ; Gaudet, Rachelle ; Gong, Xin ; Holland, I. Barry ; Huang, Yihua ; Kahne, Daniel K. ; Kato, Hiroaki ; Koronakis, Vassilis ; Koth, Christopher M. ; Lee, Youngsook ; Lewinson, Oded ; Lill, Roland ; Martinoia, Enrico ; Murakami, Satoshi ; Pinkett, Heather W. ; Poolman, Bert ; Rosenbaum, Daniel ; Sarkadi, Balazs ; Schmitt, Lutz ; Schneider, Erwin ; Shi, Yigong ; Shyng, Show‐Ling ; Slotboom, Dirk Jan ; Tajkhorshid, Emad ; Tieleman, Dirk Peter ; Ueda, Kazumitsu ; Váradi, András ; Wen, Po‐Chao ; Yan, Nieng ; Zhang, Peng ; Zheng, Hongjin ; Zimmer, Jochen ; Tampé, Robert
Members of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily translocate a broad spectrum of chemically diverse substrates. While their eponymous ATP‐binding cassette in the nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs) is highly conserved, their transmembrane domains (TMDs) forming the translocation pathway exhibit distinct folds and topologies, suggesting that during evolution the ancient motor domains were combined with different transmembrane mechanical systems to orchestrate a variety of cellular processes. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the distinct TMD folds are best suited to categorize the multitude of ABC transporters. We therefore propose a new ABC transporter classification that is based on structural homology in the TMDs:
Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamová, Dagmar ; Adler, Clemens ; Adolfsson, Jonatan ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca ; Agnello, Michelangelo ; Agrawal, Neelima ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Nazeer ; Ahn, Sang Un ; Aiola, Salvatore ; Akindinov, Alexander ; Al-Turany, Mohammad ; Alam, Sk Noor ; Antonczyk, Dariusz ; Arend, Andreas ; Bazo Alba, José Luis ; Albuquerque, Danilo Silva de ; Aleksandrov, Dmitry ; Alessandro, Bruno ; Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben ; Alici, Andrea ; Alkin, Anton ; Alme, Johan ; Alt, Torsten ; Altenkämper, Lucas ; Altsybeev, Igor ; Prado, Caio Alves Garcia ; Andrei, Cristian ; Andreou, Dimitra ; Andrews, Harry Arthur ; Andronic, Anton ; Anguelov, Venelin ; Anson, Christopher Daniel ; Antičić, Tome ; Antinori, Federico ; Antonioli, Pietro ; Anwar, Rafay ; Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Arcelli, Silvia ; Arnaldi, Roberta ; Arnold, Oliver Werner ; Arsene, Ionut Cristian ; Arslandok, Mesut ; Audurier, Benjamin ; Augustinus, Andre ; Averbeck, Ralf Peter ; Azmi, Mohd Danish ; Badalà, Angela ; Baek, Yong Wook ; Bagnasco, Stefano ; Bailhache, Raphaëlle ; Bala, Renu ; Baldisseri, Alberto ; Ball, Markus ; Baral, Rama Chandra ; Barbano, Anastasia Maria ; Barbera, Roberto ; Barile, Francesco ; Barioglio, Luca ; Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Ramillien Barret, Valerie ; Bartalini, Paolo ; Barth, Klaus ; Bartos, D ; Bartsch, Esther ; Basile, Maurizio ; Bastid, Nicole ; Basu, Sumit ; Bathen, Bastian ; Batigne, Guillaume ; Batyunya, Boris ; Bätzing, Paul Christoph ; Baumann, Christoph ; Bearden, Ian Gardner ; Beck, Hans ; Bedda, Cristina ; Behera, Nirbhay Kumar ; Belikov, Iouri ; Bellini, Francesca ; Bello Martinez, Hector ; Bellwied, Rene ; Espinoza Beltran, Lucina Gabriela ; Belyaev, Vladimir ; Bencédi, Gyula ; Beolè, Stefania ; Berceanu, Ionela ; Bercuci, Alexandru ; Berdnikov, Yaroslav ; Berényi, Dániel ; Bertens, Redmer Alexander ; Berzano, Dario ; Betev, Latchezar ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhat, Inayat Rasool ; Bhati, Ashok Kumar ; Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb ; Bhom, Jihyun ; Bianchi, Antonio ; Bianchi, Livio ; Bianchi, Nicola ; Bianchin, Chiara ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bilandzic, Ante ; Biro, Gabor ; Biswas, Rathijit ; Biswas, Saikat ; Blair, Justin Thomas ; Blau, Dmitry S. ; Blume, Christoph ; Boca, Gianluigi ; Bock, Friederike ; Bogdanov, Alexey A. ; Boldizsar, Laszlo ; Bombara, Marek ; Bonomi, Germano ; Bonora, Matthias ; Book, Julian ; Borel, Herve ; Borissov, Alexander ; Borri, Marcello ; Botta, Elena ; Bourjau, Christian ; Bratrud, Lars ; Braun-Munzinger, Peter ; Bregant, Marco ; Broker, Theo Alexander ; Broz, Michal ; Brücken, Erik Jens ; Bruna, Elena ; Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio ; Bucher, Damian ; Budnikov, Dmitry ; Büsching, Henner ; Bufalino, Stefania ; Bühler, Paul ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Busch, Oliver ; Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle ; Bashir Butt, Jamila ; Buxton, Jesse Thomas ; Cabala, Jan ; Caffarri, Davide ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Caliva, Alberto ; Calvo Villar, Ernesto ; Camerini, Paolo ; Capon, Aaron Allan ; Caragheorgheopol, G ; Carena, Francesco ; Carena, Wisla ; Carnesecchi, Francesca ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Castro, Andrew John ; Casula, Ester Anna Rita ; Catanescu, V ; Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar ; Cerello, Piergiorgio ; Chandra, Sinjini ; Chang, Beomsu ; Chapeland, Sylvain ; Chartier, Marielle ; Chattopadhyay, Subhasis ; Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan ; Chauvin, Alex Henri Jean ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev ; Cheynis, Brigitte ; Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel ; Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit ; Cho, Soyeon ; Chochula, Peter ; Chojnacki, Marek ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Chowdhury, Tasnuva ; Christakoglou, Panagiotis ; Christensen, Christian Holm ; Christiansen, Peter L. ; Chujo, Tatsuya ; Chung, Suh-Urk ; Cicalò, Corrado ; Cifarelli, Luisa ; Cindolo, Federico ; Ciobanu, M ; Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre ; Colamaria, Fabio Filippo ; Colella, Domenico ; Collu, Alberto ; Colocci, Manuel ; Concas, Matteo ; Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo ; Conesa Del Valle, Zaida ; Connors, Megan Elizabeth ; Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Corrales Morales, Yasser ; Cortes Maldonado, Ismael ; Cortese, Pietro ; Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio ; Costa, Filippo ; Costanza, Susanna ; Crkovská, Jana ; Crochet, Philippe ; Cuautle Flores, Eleazar ; Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia ; Dahms, Torsten ; Dainese, Andrea ; Danisch, Meike Charlotte ; Danu, Andrea ; Das, Debasish ; Das, Indranil ; Das, Supriya ; Dash, Ajay Kumar ; Dash, Sadhana ; Daues, Heinz ; De, Sudipan ; De Caro, Annalisa ; De Cataldo, Giacinto ; Conti, Camila de ; Cuveland, Jan de ; De Falco, Alessandro ; De Gruttola, Daniele ; De Marco, Nora ; De Pasquale, Salvatore ; Souza, Rafael Derradi de ; Degenhardt, Hermann Franz ; Deisting, Alexander ; Deloff, Andrzej ; Deplano, Caterina ; Devismes, A ; Dhankher, Preeti ; Di Bari, Domenico ; Di Mauro, Antonio ; Di Nezza, Pasquale ; Di Ruzza, Benedetto ; Dietel, Thomas ; Dillenseger, Pascal ; Divià, Roberto ; Djuvsland, Øystein ; Dobrin, Alexandru Florin ; Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes ; Donigus, Benjamin ; Dordic, Olja ; Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van ; Dubey, Anand Kumar ; Dubla, Andrea ; Ducroux, Laurent ; Duggal, Ashpreet Kaur ; Dupieux, Pascal ; Duta, V ; Ehlers Iii, Raymond James ; Elia, Domenico ; Emschermann, David ; Endress, Eric ; Engel, Heiko ; Epple, Eliane ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Erhardt, Filip ; Espagnon, Bruno ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Eulisse, Giulio ; Eum, Jongsik ; Evans, David ; Evdokimov, Sergey ; Fabbietti, Laura ; Faivre, Julien ; Fantoni, Alessandra ; Fasel, Markus ; Fateev, O ; Feldkamp, Linus ; Feliciello, Alessandro ; Feofilov, Grigori A. ; Ferencei, Jozef ; Fernández Téllez, Arturo ; Ferretti, Alessandro ; Festanti, Andrea ; Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston ; Figiel, Jan ; Figueredo, Marcel Araujo Silva ; Filchagin, Sergey ; Finogeev, Dmitry ; Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste ; Fleck, M ; Floris, Michele ; Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin ; Foka, Panagiota ; Fokin, Sergey ; Fragiacomo, Enrico ; Francescon, Andrea ; Francisco, Audrey ; Frankenfeld, Ulrich ; Freuen, S ; Fronzé, Gabriele Gaetano ; Fuchs, Ulrich ; Furget, Christophe ; Furs, Artur ; Fusco Girard, Mario ; Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen ; Gagliardi, Martino ; Gago Medina, Alberto Martín ; Gajdosova, Katarina ; Gallio, Mauro ; Duarte Galvan, Carlos ; Ganoti, Paraskevi ; Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose ; Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier ; Garg, Kunal ; Gargiulo, Corrado ; Gasik, Piotr ; Gatz, Henriette ; Gauger, Erin Frances ; Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay ; Germain, Marie ; Ghosh, Jhuma ; Ghosh, Premomoy ; Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar ; Gianotti, Paola ; Giolu, G ; Giubellino, Paolo ; Giubilato, Piero ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Glasow, Richard ; Glässel, Peter ; Gremmler, Svenja ; Gómez Coral, Diego Mauricio ; Gómez Ramírez, Andrés ; Sanchez Gonzalez, Andres ; Gorbunov, Sergey ; Görlich, Lidia Maria ; Gotovac, Sven ; Gottschalk, Dirk ; Gottschlag, Holger ; Grabski, Varlen ; Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil ; Graham, Katie Leanne ; Grajcarek, Robert ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grelli, Alessandro ; Grigoraș, Costin ; Grigoryev, Vladislav ; Grigoryan, Ara ; Grigoryan, Smbat ; Grimm, Helge ; Grion, Nevio ; Gronefeld, Julius Maximilian ; Grosa, Fabrizio ; Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete ; Grosso, Raffaele ; Gruber, Lukas ; Guber, Fedor ; Guernane, Rachid ; Guerzoni, Barbara ; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache ; Gunji, Taku ; Gupta, Anik ; Gupta, Ramni ; Gutfleisch, M ; Bautista Guzman, Irais ; Haake, Rüdiger ; Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie ; Hamagaki, Hideki ; Hamar, Gergö ; Hamon, Julien Charles ; Haque, Md Rihan ; Harris, John William ; Hartig, Matthias ; Harton, Austin Vincent ; Hassan, Hadi ; Hatzifotiadou, Despina ; Hayashi, Shinichi ; Heckel, Stefan Thomas ; Hehner, Joerg ; Heide, Markus ; Hellbär, Ernst ; Helstrup, Håvard ; Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut ; Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio ; Herrmann, Florian ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hess, Benjamin Andreas ; Hetland, Kristin Fanebust ; Hillemanns, Hartmut ; Hills, Christopher ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hladkỳ, Jan ; Hohlweger, Bernhard ; Horak, David ; Hornung, Sebastian ; Hosokawa, Ritsuya ; Hristov, Peter ; Huber, Sebastian ; Hughes, Charles ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hussain, Nur ; Hussain, Tahir ; Hutter, Dirk ; Hwang, Dae Sung ; Iga Buitron, Sergio Arturo ; Ilkaev, Radiy ; Inaba, Motoi ; Ippolitov, Mikhail ; Irfan, Muhammad ; Islam, Md Samsul ; Ivanov, Marian ; Ivanov, Vladimir ; Izucheev, Vladimir ; Jacak, Barbara ; Jacazio, Nicolò ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jadhav, Manoj Bhanudas ; Jadlovsky, Jan ; Jaelani, Syaefudin ; Jahnke, Cristiane ; Jakubowska, Monika Joanna ; Janik, Malgorzata Anna ; Pahula Hewage, Sandun ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jena, Satyajit ; Jercic, Marko ; Jiménez Bustamante, Raúl Tonatiuh ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Jusko, Anton ; Kalinak, Peter ; Kalweit, Alexander Philipp ; Kang, Ju Hwan ; Kaplin, Vladimir ; Kar, Somnath ; Karasu Uysal, Ayben ; Karavichev, Oleg V. ; Karavicheva, Tatiana L. ; Karayan, Lilit ; Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw ; Karpechev, Evgeny ; Kebschull, Udo ; Keidel, Ralf ; Keijdener, Darius Laurens D. ; Keil, Markus ; Ketzer, Bernhard ; Khabanova, Zhanna ; Khan, Palash ; Khan, Shuaib Ahmad ; Khanzadeev, Alexei ; Kharlov, Yury ; Khatun, Anisa ; Khuntia, Arvind ; Kielbowicz, Mirosław Marek ; Kileng, Bjarte ; Kim, Byungchul ; Kim, Daehyeok ; Kim, Dong Jo ; Kim, Hyeonjoong ; Kim, Jinsook ; Kim, Jiyoung ; Kim, Minjung ; Kim, Minwoo ; Kim, Se Yong ; Kim, Taesoo ; Kirsch, Stefan ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, Sergej N. ; Kisiel, Adam Ryszard ; Kislov, E ; Kiss, Gabor ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Carsten ; Klein, Jochen ; Klein-Bösing, Christian ; Klein-Bösing, Melanie ; Kliemant, Michael ; Klingenmeyer, Hannah ; Klewin, Sebastian ; Kluge, Alexander ; Knichel, Michael Linus ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Kobdaj, Chinorat ; Varga-Kofarago, Monika ; Kohn, Martin ; Kollegger, Thorsten ; Kondratev, Valerii ; Kondratyeva, Natalia ; Kondratyuk, Evgeny ; Konevskikh, Artem ; Konno, Masahiro ; Konyushikhin, Maxim A. ; Kopcik, Michal ; Kour, Mandeep ; Kouzinopoulos, Charalampos ; Kovalenko, Oleksandr ; Kovalenko, Vladimir ; Kowalski, Marek ; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Greeshma ; Králik, Ivan ; Kramer, Frederick ; Kravčáková, Adela ; Krawutschke, Tobias ; Kreis, Lukas ; Krivda, Marian ; Krizek, Filip ; Krumbhorn, Dirk ; Kryshen, Evgeny ; Krzewicki, Mikolaj ; Kubera, Andrew Michael ; Kucera, Vit ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus ; Kumar, Ajay ; Kumar, Jitendra ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kundu, Sourav ; Kurashvili, Podist ; Kurepin, Alexander ; Kurepin, Alexey B. ; Kuryakin, Alexey ; Kushpil, Svetlana ; Kweon, Min Jung ; Kwon, Youngil ; La Pointe, Sarah Louise ; La Rocca, Paola ; Lagana Fernandes, Caio ; Lai, Yue Shi ; Lakomov, Igor ; Langoy, Rune ; Lapidus, Kirill ; Lara Martinez, Camilo Ernesto ; Lardeux, Antoine Xavier ; Lattuca, Alessandra ; Laudi, Elisa ; Lavicka, Roman ; Lea, Ramona ; Leardini, Lucia ; Lee, Seongjoo ; Lehas, Fatiha ; Lehmann, T ; Lehner, Jorg ; Lehner, Sebastian ; Lehrbach, Johannes ; Lemmon, Roy Crawford ; Lenti, Vito ; Leogrande, Emilia ; Leon Monzon, Ildefonso ; Lesser, F ; Lévai, Peter ; Li, Xiaomei ; Lien, Jørgen André ; Lietava, Roman ; Lim, Bong-Hwi ; Lindal, Svein ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindsay, Scott William ; Lippmann, Christian ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Litichevskyi, Vladyslav ; Llope, William ; Lodato, Davide Francesco ; Lohner, Daniel ; Lønne, Per-Ivar ; Loginov, Vitaly ; Loizides, Constantinos ; Lončar, Petra ; Lopez, Xavier Bernard ; López Torres, Ernesto ; Lowe, Andrew John ; Lu, XianGuo ; Ludolphs, W ; Lüttig, Philipp ; Luhder, Jens Robert ; Lunardon, Marcello ; Luparello, Grazia ; Lupi, Matteo ; Lutz, Tyler Harrison ; Maevskaya, Alla ; Mager, Magnus ; Magureanu, C ; Mahajan, Sanjay ; Mahmoud, Tariq ; Mahmood, Sohail Musa ; Maire, Antonin ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Malaev, Mikhail ; Malinina, Liudmila ; Mal’Kevich, Dmitry ; Malzacher, Peter ; Mamonov, Alexander ; Manko, Vladislav ; Manso, Franck ; Manzari, Vito ; Mao, Yaxian ; Marchisone, Massimiliano ; Mareš, Jiří ; Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito ; Margotti, Anselmo ; Margutti, Jacopo ; Marin, Ana Maria ; Markert, Christina ; Marquard, Marco ; Martin, Nicole Alice ; Martinengo, Paolo ; Lucio Martinez, Jose Antonio ; Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván ; García Martínez, Ginés ; Martinez Pedreira, Miguel ; Masciocchi, Silvia ; Masera, Massimo ; Masoni, Alberto ; Masson, Erwann ; Mastroserio, Annalisa ; Mathis, Andreas Michael ; Matyja, Adam Tomasz ; Mayer, Christoph ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Mazzilli, Marianna ; Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria ; Meddi, Franco ; Melikyan, Yuri ; Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro ; Meninno, Elisa ; Mercado Pérez, Jorge ; Meres, Michal ; Mhlanga, Sibaliso ; Miake, Yasuo ; Mieskolainen, Matti Mikael ; Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov ; Mikhaylov, Konstantin ; Milošević, Jovan ; Mischke, André ; Mishra, Aditya Nath ; Miśkowiec, Dariusz Czesław ; Mitra, Jubin ; Mitu, Ciprian Mihai ; Mohammadi, Naghmeh ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Khan, Mohammed Mohisin ; Godoy, Denise Aparecida Moreira de ; Perez Moreno, Luis Alberto ; Moretto, Sandra ; Morino, Yuhei ; Morreale, Astrid ; Morsch, Andreas ; Muccifora, Valeria ; Mudnic, Eugen ; Muhlheim, Daniel ; Muhuri, Sanjib ; Mukherjee, Maitreyee ; Mulligan, James Declan ; Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo ; Munning, Konstantin ; Munzer, Robert Helmut ; Murakami, Hikari ; Murray, Sean ; Musa, Luciano ; Musinsky, Jan ; Myers, Corey James ; Myrcha, Julian Wojciech ; Mycke, Jan Felix ; Nag, Dipanjan ; Naik, Bharati ; Nair, Rahul Ramachandran ; Nandi, Basanta Kumar ; Nania, Rosario ; Nappi, Eugenio ; Narayan, Amrendra ; Naru, Muhammad Umair ; Luz, Pedro Hugo Ferreira Natal da ; Nattrass, Christine ; Rosado Navarro, Sebastian ; Nayak, Kishora ; Nayak, Ranjit ; Nayak, Tapan Kumar ; Nazarenko, Sergey ; Nedosekin, Alexander ; Oliveira, Renato Aparecido Negrao de ; Neher, Michael ; Nellen, Lukas ; Nesbo, Simon Voigt ; Ng, Fabian ; Nicassio, Maria ; Niculescu, Mihai ; Niedziela, Jeremi ; Nielsen, Borge Svane ; Nikolaev, Sergey ; Nikulin, Sergey ; Nikulin, Vladimir ; Noferini, Francesco ; Nomokonov, Petr V. ; Nooren, Gerardus ; Cabanillas Noris, Juan Carlos ; Norman, Jaime ; Nyanin, Alexander ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Oeschler, Helmut ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Ohlson, Alice ; Okubo, Tsubasa ; Oláh, László ; Oleniacz, Janusz ; Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da ; Oliver, Michael Henry ; Onderwaater, Jacobus ; Oppedisano, Chiara ; Orava, Risto ; Oravec, Matej ; Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio ; Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik ; Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz ; Oyama, Ken ; Pachmayer, Yvonne C. ; Pacik, Vojtech ; Pagano, Davide ; Pagano, Paola ; Paic, Guy ; Panebratsev, Yu ; Palni, Prabhakar ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebianco, Stefano Matthias ; Papikyan, Vardanush ; Pappalardo, Giuseppe Salvatore ; Pareek, Pooja ; Park, Jonghan ; Park, WooJin ; Parmar, Sonia ; Passfeld, Annika ; Pathak, Surya Prakash ; Patra, Rajendra Nath ; Paul, Biswarup ; Pei, Hua ; Peitzmann, Thomas ; Peng, Xinye ; Pereira, Luis Gustavo ; Pereira da Costa, Hugo Denis Antonio ; Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich ; Pérez Lezama, Edgar ; Peskov, Vladimir ; Pestov, Yury N. ; Petráček, Vojtech ; Petris, M ; Petrov, Viacheslav ; Petrovici, Mihai A. ; Petta, Catia ; Pezzi, Rafael Peretti ; Piano, Stefano ; Pikna, Miroslav ; Pillot, Philippe ; Ozelin de Lima Pimentel, Laís ; Pinazza, Ombretta ; Pinsky, Lawrence ; Pitz, Nora ; Piyarathna, Danthasinghe ; Płoskoń, Mateusz ; Planinic, Mirko ; Pliquett, Fabian ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pochybova, Sona ; Podesta Lerma, Pedro Luis Manuel ; Poghosyan, Martin G. ; Polishchuk, Boris ; Poljak, Nikola ; Poonsawat, Wanchaloem ; Pop, Amalia ; Poppenborg, Hendrik ; Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie ; Pozdniakov, Valeriy ; Prasad, Sidharth Kumar ; Preghenella, Roberto ; Prino, Francesco ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Pshenichnov, Igor A. ; Puccio, Maximiliano ; Puddu, Giovanna ; Pujahari, Prabhat Ranjan ; Punin, Valery ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Radomski, Sylwester ; Rachevski, Alexandre ; Raha, Sibaji ; Rajput, Sonia ; Rak, Jan ; Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala ; Ramello, Luciano ; Rami, Fouad ; Rana, Dhan Bahadur ; Raniwala, Rashmi ; Raniwala, Sudhir ; Räsänen, Sami Sakari ; Rascanu, Bogdan Theodor ; Rathee, Deepika ; Ratza, Viktor ; Ravasenga, Ivan ; Read, Kenneth Francis ; Redlich, Krzysztof ; Rehman, Attiq ur ; Reichelt, Patrick ; Reidt, Felix ; Reischl, A ; Ren, Xiaowen ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Reolon, Anna Rita ; Reshetin, Andrey ; Reygers, Klaus ; Riabov, Viktor ; Ricci, Renato Angelo ; Richert, Tuva Ora Herenui ; Richter, Matthias Rudolph ; Riedler, Petra ; Riegler, Werner ; Riggi, Francesco ; Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian ; Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario ; Røed, Ketil ; Rogochaya, Elena ; Rohr, David ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan ; Ronchetti, Federico ; Dominguez Rosas, Edgar ; Rosnet, Philippe ; Rossi, Andrea ; Rotondi, Alberto ; Roukoutakis, Filimon ; Roy, Ankhi ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Roy, Pradip Kumar ; Vazquez Rueda, Omar ; Rui, Rinaldo ; Rumyantsev, Boris ; Rusanov, Ivan ; Rustamov, Anar ; Ryabinkin, Evgeny ; Ryabov, Yury ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Saarinen, Sampo ; Sadhu, Samrangy ; Sadovskiy, Sergey ; Šafařík, Karel ; Saha, Sumit Kumar ; SahlmÜller, Baldo ; Sahoo, Baidyanath ; Sahoo, Pragati ; Sahoo, Raghunath ; Sahoo, Sarita ; Sahu, Pradip Kumar ; Saini, Jogender ; Sakai, Shingo ; Sakata, Dousatsu ; Saleh, Mohammad Ahmad ; Salzwedel, Jai ; Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh ; Samsonov, Vladimir ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Sano, Masato ; Santo, Rainer ; Sarkar, Debojit ; Sarkar, Nachiketa ; Sarma, Pranjal ; Sas, Mike Henry Petrus ; Scapparone, Eugenio ; Scarlassara, Fernando ; Schaefer, Brennan ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheid, Horst Sebastian ; Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel ; Schicker, Rainer ; Schmidt, Christian Joachim ; Schmidt, Hans Rudolf ; Schmidt, Marten Ole ; Schmidt, Martin ; Schmidt, Nicolas ; Schmiederer, Stefan ; Schneider, R ; Schukraft, Jürgen ; Schulze, R ; Schutz, Yves Roland ; Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard ; Schweda, Kai Oliver ; Scioli, Gilda ; Scomparin, Enrico ; Scott, Rebecca Michelle ; Sedykh, S ; Šefčík, Michal ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Sekiguchi, Yuko ; Sekihata, Daiki ; Selyuzhenkov, Ilya ; Senosi, Kgotlaesele ; Senyukov, Serhiy ; Serradilla Rodriguez, Eulogio ; Sett, Priyanka ; Sevcenco, Adrian ; Shabanov, Arseniy ; Shabetai, Alexandre ; Shahoyan, Ruben ; Shaikh, Wadut ; Shangaraev, Artem ; Sharma, Anjali ; Sharma, Ankita ; Sharma, Mona ; Sharma, Monika ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shigaki, Kenta ; Shimansky, S ; Shou, Qiye ; Shtejer Diaz, Katherin ; Shukla, P ; Sibiryak, Yury ; Sicking, Eva ; Siddhanta, Sabyasachi ; Sielewicz, Krzysztof Marek ; Siemiarczuk, Teodor ; Silaeva, Svetlana ; Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard ; Silvestre, Catherine Micaela ; Simatovic, Goran ; Simon, Reinhard S ; Simonetti, Giuseppe ; Singaraju, Rama Narayana ; Singh, Ranbir ; Singhal, Vikas ; Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku ; Sitar, Branislav ; Sitta, Mario ; Skaali, Toralf Bernhard ; Slupecki, Maciej ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Smykov, L ; Snellings, Raimond ; Snellman, Tomas Wilhelm ; Solveit, Hans Kristian ; Sommer, Wolfgang ; Song, Jihye ; Song, Myunggeun ; Soramel, Francesca ; Sorensen, Soren Pontoppidan ; Sozzi, Federica ; 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Crispin S. ; Willsher, Emily ; Windelband, Bernd Stefan ; Winn, Michael ; Witt, William Edward ; Xu, C ; Yalcin, Serpil ; Yamakawa, Kosei ; Yang, Ping ; Yano, Satoshi ; Yin, Zhongbao ; Yokoyama, Hiroki ; Yoo, In-kwon ; Yoon, Jin Hee ; Yurchenko, Volodymyr ; Yurevich, Vladimir ; Zaccolo, Valentina ; Zaman, Ali ; Zampolli, Chiara ; Correia Zanoli, Henrique Jose ; Zanevski, Yuri ; Zardoshti, Nima ; Zarochentsev, Andrey ; Závada, Petr ; Zavyalov, Nikolay ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zhalov, Mikhail ; Zhang, Haitao ; Zhang, Xiaoming ; Zhang, Yonghong ; Chunhui, Zhang ; Zhang, Zuman ; Zhao, Chengxin ; Zhigareva, Natalia ; Zhou, Daicui ; Zhou, You ; Zhou, Zhuo ; Zhu, Hongsheng ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zichichi, Antonino ; Zimmer, Stefan ; Zimmermann, Alice ; Zimmermann, Markus ; Zinovjev, Gennady M. ; Zmeskal, Johann ; Zou, Shuguang
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamová, Dagmar ; Adler, Clemens ; Adolfsson, Jonatan ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca ; Agnello, Michelangelo ; Agrawal, Neelima ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Nazeer ; Ahn, Sang Un ; Aiola, Salvatore ; Akindinov, Alexander ; Al-Turany, Mohammad ; Alam, Sk Noor ; Antonczyk, Dariusz ; Arend, Andreas ; Bazo Alba, José Luis ; Albuquerque, Danilo Silva de ; Aleksandrov, Dmitry ; Alessandro, Bruno ; Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben ; Alici, Andrea ; Alkin, Anton ; Alme, Johan ; Alt, Torsten ; Altenkämper, Lucas ; Altsybeev, Igor ; Prado, Caio Alves Garcia ; Andrei, Cristian ; Andreou, Dimitra ; Andrews, Harry Arthur ; Andronic, Anton ; Anguelov, Venelin ; Anson, Christopher Daniel ; Antičić, Tome ; Antinori, Federico ; Antonioli, Pietro ; Anwar, Rafay ; Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Arcelli, Silvia ; Arnaldi, Roberta ; Arnold, Oliver Werner ; Arsene, Ionut Cristian ; Arslandok, Mesut ; Audurier, Benjamin ; Augustinus, Andre ; 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Bhati, Ashok Kumar ; Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb ; Bhom, Jihyun ; Bianchi, Antonio ; Bianchi, Livio ; Bianchi, Nicola ; Bianchin, Chiara ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bilandzic, Ante ; Biro, Gabor ; Biswas, Rathijit ; Biswas, Saikat ; Blair, Justin Thomas ; Blau, Dmitry S. ; Blume, Christoph ; Boca, Gianluigi ; Bock, Friederike ; Bogdanov, Alexey A. ; Boldizsar, Laszlo ; Bombara, Marek ; Bonomi, Germano ; Bonora, Matthias ; Book, Julian ; Borel, Herve ; Borissov, Alexander ; Borri, Marcello ; Botta, Elena ; Bourjau, Christian ; Bratrud, Lars ; Braun-Munzinger, Peter ; Bregant, Marco ; Broker, Theo Alexander ; Broz, Michal ; Brücken, Erik Jens ; Bruna, Elena ; Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio ; Bucher, Damian ; Budnikov, Dmitry ; Büsching, Henner ; Bufalino, Stefania ; Bühler, Paul ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Busch, Oliver ; Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle ; Bashir Butt, Jamila ; Buxton, Jesse Thomas ; Cabala, Jan ; Caffarri, Davide ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Caliva, Alberto ; Calvo Villar, Ernesto ; Camerini, Paolo ; Capon, Aaron Allan ; Caragheorgheopol, G ; Carena, Francesco ; Carena, Wisla ; Carnesecchi, Francesca ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Castro, Andrew John ; Casula, Ester Anna Rita ; Catanescu, V ; Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar ; Cerello, Piergiorgio ; Chandra, Sinjini ; Chang, Beomsu ; Chapeland, Sylvain ; Chartier, Marielle ; Chattopadhyay, Subhasis ; Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan ; Chauvin, Alex Henri Jean ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev ; Cheynis, Brigitte ; Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel ; Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit ; Cho, Soyeon ; Chochula, Peter ; Chojnacki, Marek ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Chowdhury, Tasnuva ; Christakoglou, Panagiotis ; Christensen, Christian Holm ; Christiansen, Peter L. ; Chujo, Tatsuya ; Chung, Suh-Urk ; Cicalò, Corrado ; Cifarelli, Luisa ; Cindolo, Federico ; Ciobanu, M ; Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre ; Colamaria, Fabio Filippo ; Colella, Domenico ; Collu, Alberto ; Colocci, Manuel ; Concas, Matteo ; Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo ; Conesa Del Valle, Zaida ; Connors, Megan Elizabeth ; Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Corrales Morales, Yasser ; Cortes Maldonado, Ismael ; Cortese, Pietro ; Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio ; Costa, Filippo ; Costanza, Susanna ; Crkovská, Jana ; Crochet, Philippe ; Cuautle Flores, Eleazar ; Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia ; Dahms, Torsten ; Dainese, Andrea ; Danisch, Meike Charlotte ; Danu, Andrea ; Das, Debasish ; Das, Indranil ; Das, Supriya ; Dash, Ajay Kumar ; Dash, Sadhana ; Daues, Heinz ; De, Sudipan ; De Caro, Annalisa ; De Cataldo, Giacinto ; Conti, Camila de ; Cuveland, Jan de ; De Falco, Alessandro ; De Gruttola, Daniele ; De Marco, Nora ; De Pasquale, Salvatore ; Souza, Rafael Derradi de ; Degenhardt, Hermann Franz ; Deisting, Alexander ; Deloff, Andrzej ; Deplano, Caterina ; Devismes, A ; Dhankher, Preeti ; Di Bari, Domenico ; Di Mauro, Antonio ; Di Nezza, Pasquale ; Di Ruzza, Benedetto ; Dietel, Thomas ; Dillenseger, Pascal ; Divià, Roberto ; Djuvsland, Øystein ; Dobrin, Alexandru Florin ; Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes ; Donigus, Benjamin ; Dordic, Olja ; Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van ; Dubey, Anand Kumar ; Dubla, Andrea ; Ducroux, Laurent ; Duggal, Ashpreet Kaur ; Dupieux, Pascal ; Duta, V ; Ehlers Iii, Raymond James ; Elia, Domenico ; Emschermann, David ; Endress, Eric ; Engel, Heiko ; Epple, Eliane ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Erhardt, Filip ; Espagnon, Bruno ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Eulisse, Giulio ; Eum, Jongsik ; Evans, David ; Evdokimov, Sergey ; Fabbietti, Laura ; Faivre, Julien ; Fantoni, Alessandra ; Fasel, Markus ; Fateev, O ; Feldkamp, Linus ; Feliciello, Alessandro ; Feofilov, Grigori A. ; Ferencei, Jozef ; Fernández Téllez, Arturo ; Ferretti, Alessandro ; Festanti, Andrea ; Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston ; Figiel, Jan ; Figueredo, Marcel Araujo Silva ; Filchagin, Sergey ; Finogeev, Dmitry ; Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste ; Fleck, M ; Floris, Michele ; Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin ; Foka, Panagiota ; Fokin, Sergey ; Fragiacomo, Enrico ; Francescon, Andrea ; Francisco, Audrey ; Frankenfeld, Ulrich ; Freuen, S ; Fronzé, Gabriele Gaetano ; Fuchs, Ulrich ; Furget, Christophe ; Furs, Artur ; Fusco Girard, Mario ; Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen ; Gagliardi, Martino ; Gago Medina, Alberto Martín ; Gajdosova, Katarina ; Gallio, Mauro ; Duarte Galvan, Carlos ; Ganoti, Paraskevi ; Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose ; Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier ; Garg, Kunal ; Gargiulo, Corrado ; Gasik, Piotr ; Gatz, Henriette ; Gauger, Erin Frances ; Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay ; Germain, Marie ; Ghosh, Jhuma ; Ghosh, Premomoy ; Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar ; Gianotti, Paola ; Giolu, G ; Giubellino, Paolo ; Giubilato, Piero ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Glasow, Richard ; Glässel, Peter ; Gremmler, Svenja ; Gómez Coral, Diego Mauricio ; Gómez Ramírez, Andrés ; Sanchez Gonzalez, Andres ; Gorbunov, Sergey ; Görlich, Lidia Maria ; Gotovac, Sven ; Gottschalk, Dirk ; Gottschlag, Holger ; Grabski, Varlen ; Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil ; Graham, Katie Leanne ; Grajcarek, Robert ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grelli, Alessandro ; Grigoraș, Costin ; Grigoryev, Vladislav ; Grigoryan, Ara ; Grigoryan, Smbat ; Grimm, Helge ; Grion, Nevio ; Gronefeld, Julius Maximilian ; Grosa, Fabrizio ; Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete ; Grosso, Raffaele ; Gruber, Lukas ; Guber, Fedor ; Guernane, Rachid ; Guerzoni, Barbara ; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache ; Gunji, Taku ; Gupta, Anik ; Gupta, Ramni ; Gutfleisch, M ; Bautista Guzman, Irais ; Haake, Rüdiger ; Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie ; Hamagaki, Hideki ; Hamar, Gergö ; Hamon, Julien Charles ; Haque, Md Rihan ; Harris, John William ; Hartig, Matthias ; Harton, Austin Vincent ; Hassan, Hadi ; Hatzifotiadou, Despina ; Hayashi, Shinichi ; Heckel, Stefan Thomas ; Hehner, Joerg ; Heide, Markus ; Hellbär, Ernst ; Helstrup, Håvard ; Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut ; Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio ; Herrmann, Florian ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hess, Benjamin Andreas ; Hetland, Kristin Fanebust ; Hillemanns, Hartmut ; Hills, Christopher ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hladkỳ, Jan ; Hohlweger, Bernhard ; Horak, David ; Hornung, Sebastian ; Hosokawa, Ritsuya ; Hristov, Peter ; Huber, Sebastian ; Hughes, Charles ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hussain, Nur ; Hussain, Tahir ; Hutter, Dirk ; Hwang, Dae Sung ; Iga Buitron, Sergio Arturo ; Ilkaev, Radiy ; Inaba, Motoi ; Ippolitov, Mikhail ; Irfan, Muhammad ; Islam, Md Samsul ; Ivanov, Marian ; Ivanov, Vladimir ; Izucheev, Vladimir ; Jacak, Barbara ; Jacazio, Nicolò ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jadhav, Manoj Bhanudas ; Jadlovsky, Jan ; Jaelani, Syaefudin ; Jahnke, Cristiane ; Jakubowska, Monika Joanna ; Janik, Malgorzata Anna ; Pahula Hewage, Sandun ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jena, Satyajit ; Jercic, Marko ; Jiménez Bustamante, Raúl Tonatiuh ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Jusko, Anton ; Kalinak, Peter ; Kalweit, Alexander Philipp ; Kang, Ju Hwan ; Kaplin, Vladimir ; Kar, Somnath ; Karasu Uysal, Ayben ; Karavichev, Oleg V. ; Karavicheva, Tatiana L. ; Karayan, Lilit ; Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw ; Karpechev, Evgeny ; Kebschull, Udo ; Keidel, Ralf ; Keijdener, Darius Laurens D. ; 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Marin, Ana Maria ; Markert, Christina ; Marquard, Marco ; Martin, Nicole Alice ; Martinengo, Paolo ; Lucio Martinez, Jose Antonio ; Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván ; García Martínez, Ginés ; Martinez Pedreira, Miguel ; Masciocchi, Silvia ; Masera, Massimo ; Masoni, Alberto ; Masson, Erwann ; Mastroserio, Annalisa ; Mathis, Andreas Michael ; Matyja, Adam Tomasz ; Mayer, Christoph ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Mazzilli, Marianna ; Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria ; Meddi, Franco ; Melikyan, Yuri ; Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro ; Meninno, Elisa ; Mercado Pérez, Jorge ; Meres, Michal ; Mhlanga, Sibaliso ; Miake, Yasuo ; Mieskolainen, Matti Mikael ; Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov ; Mikhaylov, Konstantin ; Milošević, Jovan ; Mischke, André ; Mishra, Aditya Nath ; Miśkowiec, Dariusz Czesław ; Mitra, Jubin ; Mitu, Ciprian Mihai ; Mohammadi, Naghmeh ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Khan, Mohammed Mohisin ; Godoy, Denise Aparecida Moreira de ; Perez Moreno, Luis Alberto ; Moretto, Sandra ; Morino, Yuhei ; Morreale, Astrid ; 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The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
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Conesa Del Valle, Zaida ; Connors, Megan Elizabeth ; Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Corrales Morales, Yasser ; Cortes Maldonado, Ismael ; Cortese, Pietro ; Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio ; Costa, Filippo ; Costanza, Susanna ; Crkovská, Jana ; Crochet, Philippe ; Cuautle Flores, Eleazar ; Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia ; Dahms, Torsten ; Dainese, Andrea ; Danisch, Meike Charlotte ; Danu, Andrea ; Das, Debasish ; Das, Indranil ; Das, Supriya ; Dash, Ajay Kumar ; Dash, Sadhana ; Daues, Heinz ; De, Sudipan ; De Caro, Annalisa ; De Cataldo, Giacinto ; Conti, Camila de ; Cuveland, Jan de ; De Falco, Alessandro ; De Gruttola, Daniele ; De Marco, Nora ; De Pasquale, Salvatore ; Souza, Rafael Derradi de ; Degenhardt, Hermann Franz ; Deisting, Alexander ; Deloff, Andrzej ; Deplano, Caterina ; Devismes, A ; Dhankher, Preeti ; Di Bari, Domenico ; Di Mauro, Antonio ; Di Nezza, Pasquale ; Di Ruzza, Benedetto ; Dietel, Thomas ; Dillenseger, Pascal ; Divià, Roberto ; Djuvsland, Øystein ; Dobrin, Alexandru Florin ; Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes ; Donigus, Benjamin ; Dordic, Olja ; Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van ; Dubey, Anand Kumar ; Dubla, Andrea ; Ducroux, Laurent ; Duggal, Ashpreet Kaur ; Dupieux, Pascal ; Duta, V ; Ehlers Iii, Raymond James ; Elia, Domenico ; Emschermann, David ; Endress, Eric ; Engel, Heiko ; Epple, Eliane ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Erhardt, Filip ; Espagnon, Bruno ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Eulisse, Giulio ; Eum, Jongsik ; Evans, David ; Evdokimov, Sergey ; Fabbietti, Laura ; Faivre, Julien ; Fantoni, Alessandra ; Fasel, Markus ; Fateev, O ; Feldkamp, Linus ; Feliciello, Alessandro ; Feofilov, Grigori A. ; Ferencei, Jozef ; Fernández Téllez, Arturo ; Ferretti, Alessandro ; Festanti, Andrea ; Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston ; Figiel, Jan ; Figueredo, Marcel Araujo Silva ; Filchagin, Sergey ; Finogeev, Dmitry ; Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste ; Fleck, M ; Floris, Michele ; Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin ; Foka, Panagiota ; Fokin, Sergey ; Fragiacomo, Enrico ; 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Hohlweger, Bernhard ; Horak, David ; Hornung, Sebastian ; Hosokawa, Ritsuya ; Hristov, Peter ; Huber, Sebastian ; Hughes, Charles ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hussain, Nur ; Hussain, Tahir ; Hutter, Dirk ; Hwang, Dae Sung ; Iga Buitron, Sergio Arturo ; Ilkaev, Radiy ; Inaba, Motoi ; Ippolitov, Mikhail ; Irfan, Muhammad ; Islam, Md Samsul ; Ivanov, Marian ; Ivanov, Vladimir ; Izucheev, Vladimir ; Jacak, Barbara ; Jacazio, Nicolò ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jadhav, Manoj Bhanudas ; Jadlovsky, Jan ; Jaelani, Syaefudin ; Jahnke, Cristiane ; Jakubowska, Monika Joanna ; Janik, Malgorzata Anna ; Pahula Hewage, Sandun ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jena, Satyajit ; Jercic, Marko ; Jiménez Bustamante, Raúl Tonatiuh ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Jusko, Anton ; Kalinak, Peter ; Kalweit, Alexander Philipp ; Kang, Ju Hwan ; Kaplin, Vladimir ; Kar, Somnath ; Karasu Uysal, Ayben ; Karavichev, Oleg V. ; Karavicheva, Tatiana L. ; Karayan, Lilit ; Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw ; Karpechev, Evgeny ; Kebschull, Udo ; Keidel, Ralf ; Keijdener, Darius Laurens D. ; 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Marin, Ana Maria ; Markert, Christina ; Marquard, Marco ; Martin, Nicole Alice ; Martinengo, Paolo ; Lucio Martinez, Jose Antonio ; Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván ; García Martínez, Ginés ; Martinez Pedreira, Miguel ; Masciocchi, Silvia ; Masera, Massimo ; Masoni, Alberto ; Masson, Erwann ; Mastroserio, Annalisa ; Mathis, Andreas Michael ; Matyja, Adam Tomasz ; Mayer, Christoph ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Mazzilli, Marianna ; Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria ; Meddi, Franco ; Melikyan, Yuri ; Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro ; Meninno, Elisa ; Mercado Pérez, Jorge ; Meres, Michal ; Mhlanga, Sibaliso ; Miake, Yasuo ; Mieskolainen, Matti Mikael ; Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov ; Mikhaylov, Konstantin ; Milošević, Jovan ; Mischke, André ; Mishra, Aditya Nath ; Miśkowiec, Dariusz Czesław ; Mitra, Jubin ; Mitu, Ciprian Mihai ; Mohammadi, Naghmeh ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Khan, Mohammed Mohisin ; Godoy, Denise Aparecida Moreira de ; Perez Moreno, Luis Alberto ; Moretto, Sandra ; Morino, Yuhei ; Morreale, Astrid ; Morsch, Andreas ; Muccifora, Valeria ; Mudnic, Eugen ; Muhlheim, Daniel ; Muhuri, Sanjib ; Mukherjee, Maitreyee ; Mulligan, James Declan ; Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo ; Munning, Konstantin ; Munzer, Robert Helmut ; Murakami, Hikari ; Murray, Sean ; Musa, Luciano ; Musinsky, Jan ; Myers, Corey James ; Myrcha, Julian Wojciech ; Mycke, Jan Felix ; Nag, Dipanjan ; Naik, Bharati ; Nair, Rahul Ramachandran ; Nandi, Basanta Kumar ; Nania, Rosario ; Nappi, Eugenio ; Narayan, Amrendra ; Naru, Muhammad Umair ; Luz, Pedro Hugo Ferreira Natal da ; Nattrass, Christine ; Rosado Navarro, Sebastian ; Nayak, Kishora ; Nayak, Ranjit ; Nayak, Tapan Kumar ; Nazarenko, Sergey ; Nedosekin, Alexander ; Oliveira, Renato Aparecido Negrao de ; Neher, Michael ; Nellen, Lukas ; Nesbo, Simon Voigt ; Ng, Fabian ; Nicassio, Maria ; Niculescu, Mihai ; Niedziela, Jeremi ; Nielsen, Borge Svane ; Nikolaev, Sergey ; Nikulin, Sergey ; Nikulin, Vladimir ; Noferini, Francesco ; Nomokonov, Petr V. ; Nooren, Gerardus ; Cabanillas Noris, Juan Carlos ; Norman, Jaime ; Nyanin, Alexander ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Oeschler, Helmut ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Ohlson, Alice ; Okubo, Tsubasa ; Oláh, László ; Oleniacz, Janusz ; Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da ; Oliver, Michael Henry ; Onderwaater, Jacobus ; Oppedisano, Chiara ; Orava, Risto ; Oravec, Matej ; Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio ; Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik ; Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz ; Oyama, Ken ; Pachmayer, Yvonne C. ; Pacik, Vojtech ; Pagano, Davide ; Pagano, Paola ; Paic, Guy ; Panebratsev, Yu ; Palni, Prabhakar ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebianco, Stefano Matthias ; Papikyan, Vardanush ; Pappalardo, Giuseppe Salvatore ; Pareek, Pooja ; Park, Jonghan ; Park, WooJin ; Parmar, Sonia ; Passfeld, Annika ; Pathak, Surya Prakash ; Patra, Rajendra Nath ; Paul, Biswarup ; Pei, Hua ; Peitzmann, Thomas ; Peng, Xinye ; Pereira, Luis Gustavo ; Pereira da Costa, Hugo Denis Antonio ; Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich ; Pérez Lezama, Edgar ; Peskov, Vladimir ; Pestov, Yury N. ; Petráček, Vojtech ; Petris, M ; Petrov, Viacheslav ; Petrovici, Mihai A. ; Petta, Catia ; Pezzi, Rafael Peretti ; Piano, Stefano ; Pikna, Miroslav ; Pillot, Philippe ; Ozelin de Lima Pimentel, Laís ; Pinazza, Ombretta ; Pinsky, Lawrence ; Pitz, Nora ; Piyarathna, Danthasinghe ; Płoskoń, Mateusz ; Planinic, Mirko ; Pliquett, Fabian ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pochybova, Sona ; Podesta Lerma, Pedro Luis Manuel ; Poghosyan, Martin G. ; Polishchuk, Boris ; Poljak, Nikola ; Poonsawat, Wanchaloem ; Pop, Amalia ; Poppenborg, Hendrik ; Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie ; Pozdniakov, Valeriy ; Prasad, Sidharth Kumar ; Preghenella, Roberto ; Prino, Francesco ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Pshenichnov, Igor A. ; Puccio, Maximiliano ; Puddu, Giovanna ; Pujahari, Prabhat Ranjan ; Punin, Valery ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Radomski, Sylwester ; Rachevski, Alexandre ; Raha, Sibaji ; Rajput, Sonia ; Rak, Jan ; Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala ; Ramello, Luciano ; Rami, Fouad ; Rana, Dhan Bahadur ; Raniwala, Rashmi ; Raniwala, Sudhir ; Räsänen, Sami Sakari ; 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The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
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