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"Manchmal ist der Hang zu steil" : von Praktikantinnen und Praktikanten der Landschaftsstation
(2008)
"Es ist noch kein Meister vom Himmel gefallen", sagt das Sprichwort, aber schon manch Praktikant oder Praktikantin der Landschaftsstation hat die Steilheit und Viskosität eines Kalkmagerrasen("KMR")-Hanges oder auch "nur" einer Waldrandfläche unterschätzt. Jan-Eric REITH aus Wrexen zum Beispiel, Dipl.-Agraringenieur mit Abschluss an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn, sowie Praktikant der Landschaftsstation im Jahr 2008, "fiel" im Frühjahr von der "Waldrand"-Projektfläche an den Weserhängen "unterhalb des Nierenberges" bei Beverungen und freute sich, dass hangabwärts Bäume standen. So blieben nur blaue Flecken, die von der mitkartierenden Kollegin Vera GLANERT, Studentin an der Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe - University of applied sciences im Studiengang "Landschaftsarchitektur", mit viel Mitgefühl begutachtet und versorgt wurden. Zum Glück ist es guter Brauch in Borgentreich, auch beim Kartieren die Praktikanten im "Doppelpack" einzusetzen. In der praktischen Landschaftspflege, d. h. beim Arbeiten mit Werkzeug und Maschinen, gehen Praktikanten, Zivildienstleistende, Ehrenamtliche und sonstige Naturschützer mindestens zu zweit auf die Fläche, so wie es Berufsgenossenschaft und Unfallversicherung vorsehen. Aber Kalkmagerrasen-Hänge sind nun mal meist sehr steil und lassen häufig nur spezielle selbst fahrende Maschinen zu, geschweige denn solche mit "Sitz", wie der damalige kaufmännische Leiter der Landschaftsstation und weiterhin hauptberufliche Geschäftsführer des Maschinenrings Warburg-Höxter, Norbert HOFNAGEL, bei einer Praxiserprobung feststellen musste: „Wie will man da Maschinen einsetzen oder überhaupt erst auf die Fläche bringen?“ Besagter Norbert HOFNAGEL und die Kollegen der Landschaftsstation haben dann später eine passende Maschine auch für jene Fläche gefunden: "Rapid" mit Schlegelmulcher, inzwischen beim Maschinenring zu mieten für die Pflege für den Naturschutz wertvoller Flächen. Freundlicher Förderer war die Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung. Hauptnutzer ist bisher die Landschaftsstation im Kreis Höxter - Wen wundert's? Zurück zu den Hängen, die vom wissenschaftlichen Personal im "Alleingang" auf ihre Artenausstattung hin überwacht (wir sagen: "gemonitort"), betreut und kartiert werden, denn sonst würde die Arbeit ja nie fertig. Sie haben selbstverständlich zur Sicherheit ein Handy und im Auto einen Verbandskasten dabei, plus die Erfahrung im "Sich-nicht-wehtun". Aber weshalb waren Vera und Jan-Eric eigentlich am Nierenberg?
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used as a therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry. While repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) has been shown to induce plasticity of excitatory synapses, it is unclear whether rMS can also modify structural and functional properties of inhibitory inputs. Here we employed 10-Hz rMS of entorhinohippocampal slice cultures to study plasticity of inhibitory neurotransmission on CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our experiments reveal a rMS-induced reduction in GABAergic synaptic strength (2–4 h after stimulation), which is Ca2+-dependent and accompanied by the remodelling of postsynaptic gephyrin scaffolds. Furthermore, we present evidence that 10-Hz rMS predominantly acts on dendritic, but not somatic inhibition. Consistent with this finding, a reduction in clustered gephyrin is detected in CA1 stratum radiatum of rTMS-treated anaesthetized mice. These results disclose that rTMS induces coordinated Ca2+-dependent structural and functional changes of specific inhibitory postsynapses on principal neurons.
The entorhino-dentate projection, i.e., the perforant pathway, terminates in a highly ordered and laminated fashion in the rodent dentate gyrus (DG): fibers arising from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) terminate in the middle molecular layer, whereas fibers arising from the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) terminate in the outer molecular layer of the DG. In rats and rabbits, a crossed entorhino-dentate projection exists, which originates from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and terminates in the contralateral DG. In contrast, in mice, such a crossed projection is reportedly absent. Using single and double mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures, we studied the ipsi- and crossed entorhino-dentate projections. Viral tracing revealed that entorhino-dentate projections terminate with a high degree of lamina-specificity in single as well as in double cultures. Furthermore, in double cultures, entorhinal axons arising from one slice freely intermingled with entorhinal axons originating from the other slice. In single as well as in double cultures, entorhinal axons exhibited a correct topographical projection to the DG: medial entorhinal axons terminated in the middle and lateral entorhinal axons terminated in the outer molecular layer. Finally, entorhinal neurons were virally transduced with Channelrhodopsin2-YFP and stimulated with light, revealing functional connections between the EC and dentate granule cells. We conclude from our findings that entorhino-dentate projections form bilaterally in the mouse hippocampus in vitro and that the mouse DG provides a permissive environment for crossed entorhinal fibers.
Comparative proteomics reveals a diagnostic signature for pulmonary head‐and‐neck cancer metastasis
(2018)
Patients with head‐and‐neck cancer can develop both lung metastasis and primary lung cancer during the course of their disease. Despite the clinical importance of discrimination, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are still lacking. Here, we have characterised a cohort of squamous cell lung (SQCLC) and head‐and‐neck (HNSCC) carcinomas by quantitative proteomics. In a training cohort, we quantified 4,957 proteins in 44 SQCLC and 30 HNSCC tumours. A total of 518 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between SQCLC and HNSCC, and some of these were identified as genetic dependencies in either of the two tumour types. Using supervised machine learning, we inferred a proteomic signature for the classification of squamous cell carcinomas as either SQCLC or HNSCC, with diagnostic accuracies of 90.5% and 86.8% in cross‐ and independent validations, respectively. Furthermore, application of this signature to a cohort of pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas of unknown origin leads to a significant prognostic separation. This study not only provides a diagnostic proteomic signature for classification of secondary lung tumours in HNSCC patients, but also represents a proteomic resource for HNSCC and SQCLC.
We measure the inclusive semielectronic decay branching fraction of the D+s meson. A double-tag technique is applied to e+e− annihilation data collected by the BESIII experiment at the BEPCII collider, operating in the center-of-mass energy range 4.178–4.230 GeV. We select positrons fromD+s→Xe+νe with momenta greater than 200 MeV/c and determine the laboratory momentum spectrum, accounting for the effects of detector efficiency and resolution. The total positron yield and semielectronic branching fraction are determined by extrapolating this spectrum below the momentum cutoff. We measure the D+s semielectronic branching fraction to be(6.30±0.13(stat.)±0.09(syst.)±0.04(ext.))%, showing no evidence for unobserved exclusive semielectronic modes. We combine this result with external data taken from literature to determine the ratio of the D+s and D0 semielectronic widths, Γ(D+s→Xe+νe)Γ(D0→Xe+νe)=0.790±0.016(stat.)±0.011(syst.)±0.016(ext.). Our results are consistent with and more precise than previous measurements.