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Twelve species of the subgenus Vestiplex (Diptera, Tipulidae) were previously known to occur in Tibet (= Xizang), China. Here, six species are described and illustrated as new to science: Tipula (Vestiplex) bucera sp. nov., Tipula (Vestiplex) magatama sp. nov., Tipula (Vestiplex) motuoensis sp. nov., Tipula (Vestiplex) nayogabuensis sp. nov., Tipula (Vestiplex) platyphylla sp. nov. and Tipula (Vestiplex) uncinella sp. nov. The following three species are redescribed: Tipula (Vestiplex) himalayensis Brunetti, 1911, Tipula (Vestiplex) nigroapicalis Brunetti, 1911 and Tipula (Vestiplex) zayulensis Alexander, 1963. A key to the species of Tipula (Vestiplex) from Tibet is presented.
A revision of the wild species in the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) is presented based on numerical analyses and specimens from herbaria around the world, while cultivated species such as Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. are not included because of their complicated domestication history. Infra- and interspecific morphological variation and species delimitation are clarified based on Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Cluster Analyses (UPGMA). We found that several morphological characters traditionally used to distinguish species have limited taxonomic value because of high phenotypic variation or plasticity. There is a substantial conflict between traditional morphological and genetic taxonomic concepts, and as a result species lineages are often morphologically indistinguishable. None of the analyses supports the recognition of infraspecific categories in Malus transitoria (Batalin) C.K.Schneid. and interspecific categories between Malus doumeri (Bois) A.Chev. and Malus leiocalyca S.Z.Huang. Based on our analyses, we recognize 26 wild species in the genus, and propose seven new synonymies.
Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage growth is associated with poor clinical outcome and is a therapeutic target for improving outcome. We aimed to determine the absolute risk and predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage growth, develop and validate prediction models, and evaluate the added value of CT angiography.
Methods: In a systematic review of OVID MEDLINE—with additional hand-searching of relevant studies' bibliographies— from Jan 1, 1970, to Dec 31, 2015, we identified observational cohorts and randomised trials with repeat scanning protocols that included at least ten patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage. We sought individual patient-level data from corresponding authors for patients aged 18 years or older with data available from brain imaging initially done 0·5–24 h and repeated fewer than 6 days after symptom onset, who had baseline intracerebral haemorrhage volume of less than 150 mL, and did not undergo acute treatment that might reduce intracerebral haemorrhage volume. We estimated the absolute risk and predictors of the primary outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage growth (defined as >6 mL increase in intracerebral haemorrhage volume on repeat imaging) using multivariable logistic regression models in development and validation cohorts in four subgroups of patients, using a hierarchical approach: patients not taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset (who constituted the largest subgroup), patients taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset, patients from cohorts that included at least some patients taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset, and patients for whom both information about anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset and spot sign on acute CT angiography were known.
Findings: Of 4191 studies identified, 77 were eligible for inclusion. Overall, 36 (47%) cohorts provided data on 5435 eligible patients. 5076 of these patients were not taking anticoagulant therapy at symptom onset (median age 67 years, IQR 56–76), of whom 1009 (20%) had intracerebral haemorrhage growth. Multivariable models of patients with data on antiplatelet therapy use, data on anticoagulant therapy use, and assessment of CT angiography spot sign at symptom onset showed that time from symptom onset to baseline imaging (odds ratio 0·50, 95% CI 0·36–0·70; p<0·0001), intracerebral haemorrhage volume on baseline imaging (7·18, 4·46–11·60; p<0·0001), antiplatelet use (1·68, 1·06–2·66; p=0·026), and anticoagulant use (3·48, 1·96–6·16; p<0·0001) were independent predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage growth (C-index 0·78, 95% CI 0·75–0·82). Addition of CT angiography spot sign (odds ratio 4·46, 95% CI 2·95–6·75; p<0·0001) to the model increased the C-index by 0·05 (95% CI 0·03–0·07).
Interpretation: In this large patient-level meta-analysis, models using four or five predictors had acceptable to good discrimination. These models could inform the location and frequency of observations on patients in clinical practice, explain treatment effects in prior randomised trials, and guide the design of future trials.
Funding: UK Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation.
Projektionsverhältnisse zwischen Körper, Linien und Zeichen stehen im Zentrum des Beitrags von Li-Chun Lee, der sich den Visualisierungsformen von Pulskurven im europäischen und chinesischen Kontext widmet. Mit Rekurs auf Maurice Merleau-Ponty verfolgt Lee die Frage, wie die leibliche Phänomenalität des Pulses in eine für medizinische Analysen genaue Zeichenform übersetzt werden kann. Lee kann in der Gegenüberstellung von sprachlich-metaphorischen, technischen und grafischen Übersetzungsprozessen eine Situation skizzieren, in welcher unterschiedliche Zeichenregime des Pulses und Genauigkeitsvorstellungen aufeinanderstoßen.
Based on molecular and morphological data of four specimens of Pareas Wagler, 1830 collected from the type locality of P. yunnanensis (Vogt, 1922), along with examination of the type specimens of P. yunnanensis, we revalidate this poorly known, secretive species. Furthermore, based on molecular and morphological lines of evidence we also describe a new species of Pareas from Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Morphologically, the new species closely resembles its sister species P. nigriceps Guo & Deng, 2009. However, the new species is divergent from the latter in cytochrome b mtDNA gene sequences, and can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of morphological characteristics: single preocular, postocular fused with subocular, loreal not bordering orbit, vertebral scales enlarged, 3–5 rows of mid-dorsal scales keeled at the middle of the body, ventral scales 160–171; subcaudals 62–64, dorsal surface of head solid black or reddish-brown, dark nuchal band present, iris brownish-black or reddish-brown.
A new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae), Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov. from China is described based on two new species: Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov. (designated as type-species) and Biema qilianensis Huo & Liu gen. et sp. nov. The new genus can easily be distinguished by the following morphological features: head, mesonotum and scutellum black; postpronotum without pile; metasternum not reduced, posterior margin shallowly concave; katepisternum only with ventral pile patches; alula narrow, as wide as basal width of cell c; male postabdomen conspicuously more swollen than other segments, surstylus and postgonite complex, phallus unsegmented. The results of our Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis based on sequences of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, as well as the species delimitation tests, support the separation of Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov. from its related taxa. Additionally, an identification key to the genera of the tribes Bacchini and Melanostomini occurring in China is provided.
Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
(2014)
In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity.
We report on the measurement of the inclusive Υ (1S) production in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV carried out at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) and down to zero transverse momentum using its μ+μ−decay channel with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A strong suppression of the inclusive Υ (1S) yield is observed with respect to pp collisions scaled by the number of independent nucleon–nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, for events in the 0–90% centrality range, amounts to 0.30 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.04(syst). The observed Υ (1S) suppression tends to increase with the centrality of the collision and seems more pronounced than in corresponding mid-rapidity measurements. Our results are compared with model calculations, which are found to underestimate the measured suppression and fail to reproduce its rapidity dependence.
Die Arbeit untersucht die Ad-hoc-Publizität unter der Geltung der MAR. In der Arbeit werden zuerst das Informationsmodell auf dem Kapitalmarkt und die Erforderlichkeit und Notwendigkeit der Regulierung des Kapitalmarkts durch gesetzliche Informationspflichten analysiert. Mithilfe eines Rückblicks auf die Entwicklung der Ad-hoc-Publizität in den Rechtsnormen wird ihr Sinn und Zweck untersucht. Die rechtlichen Anforderungen an Ad-hoc-Publizität unter der Geltung der MAR werden in einem weiteren Schritt untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Tatbestandsmerkmalen der Ad-hoc-Publizitätspflicht und dem Aufschub der Veröffentlichung. Darüber hinaus werden die Rechtsfolgen im Falle von Pflichtverstößen, insbesondere Anspruchsgrundlagen nach §§ 97, 98 WpHG analysiert. Im Hinblick auf die Ad-hoc-Publizität nach dem chinesischen Recht werden ihre historische Entwicklung in Rechtsnormen und ihr Sinn und Zweck untersucht. Eine dogmatische Analyse der Ad-hoc-Publizitätspflicht und der Rechtsfolgen beim Pflichtverstoß nach dem geltenden chinesischen Recht wird dann durchgeführt. Schließlich wird die Ad-hoc-Publizität nach der MAR und dem chinesischen Recht verglichen.
Im rechtsvergleichenden Teil der Untersuchung identifiziert der Verfasser bestimmte Besonderheiten und Defizite im chinesischen Recht. Den Regelungsansätzen der beiden Rechtssysteme liegen unterschiedliche rechtpolitische Zielsetzungen zugrunde. In der EU und in Deutschland steht der Konnex zum Insiderhandel im Vordergrund, denn diesem wird durch die Ad-Hoc Meldung der Boden entzogen. In China handelt es sich bei der Ad-hoc-Publizität konzeptionell eher um einen Annex zur Regelpublizität. Damit geht Hand in Hand, dass die Verfolgung zivilrechtlicher Ansprüche aufgrund falscher Ad-hoc-Meldungen in China der behördlichen Genehmigung bedarf. Der Verfasser macht auf dieser Grundlage Vorschläge zur (behutsamen) Rechtsfortbildung in China nach europäischem Vorbild.