Refine
Document Type
- Article (9)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (10)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (10)
Keywords
- 900 GeV (1)
- ALICE (1)
- Accelerators & Beams (1)
- Accelerators & storage rings (1)
- Activation (1)
- Atomic & molecular beams (1)
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical (1)
- Beam loss (1)
- Beta decay (1)
- Charge-transfer collisions (1)
- Circular accelerators (1)
- Electronic transitions (1)
- Gamma intensity (1)
- Genklonierung (1)
- Hepatitis-C-Virus (1)
- LHC (1)
- Low & intermediate-energy accelerators (1)
- Nuclear astrophysics (1)
- Nuclear physics of explosive environments (1)
- Nuclear reactions (1)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Photon counting (1)
- Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (1)
- Radiative capture (1)
- Replikon (1)
- Restriktionsanalyse (1)
- Sequenzanalyse <Chemie> (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Zr (1)
- x-ray techniques (1)
Institute
- Physik (9)
- ELEMENTS (4)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Medizin (1)
The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.
Das Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) ist Auslöser einer oftmals chronisch verlaufenden Leberentzündung mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Leberzirrhose und deren Folgen. Die weltweite Prävalenz der Hepatitis C beträgt ca. 3%; allein in Deutschland treten jährlich mehr als 5000 Neuinfektionen auf. Das HCV lässt sich aufgrund phylogenetischer Untersuchungen in mindestens 6 Genotypen und jeweils mehrere Subtypen einteilen, wobei der HCV Subtyp 1b in Europa am häufigsten vorkommt. Die Hepatitis C Forschung wurde lange Zeit durch das Fehlen eines geeigneten Zellkulturmodells erschwert. Mit der Etablierung eines stabil replizierenden Zellkulturmodells in humanen Hepatomazellen 1999 durch Lohmann et al. wurden erstmals molekularbiologische Untersuchungen in grossem Umfang möglich. Die seither existierenden Zellkulturmodelle haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass nicht definiert ist, wie sich das Isolat, aus dem das Replikon geschaffen wurde, klinisch verhält. Unter einer Interferon-basierten Therapie sprechen manche Patienten mit einer dauerhaften Negativierung der HCV RNA Konzentration an (sustained responder, SR), während bei anderen sowohl während als auch nach Therapieende weiterhin HCV RNA im Blut nachweisbar ist (non-responder, NR), obwohl beide Patienten mit demselben Subtyp von HCV infiziert sind und dieselbe Therapie erhalten. Die Ursachen für dieses unterschiedliche Therapieansprechen sind basierend auf Mutationsstudien von HCV Isolaten von Patienten mit unterschiedlichem Therapieansprechen zumindest teilweise genomisch bedingt. Daher wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei Konsensusklone zur Einbringung in ein replikatives Zellkulturmodell aus HCV Subtyp 1b Isolaten geschaffen, deren klinisches Verhalten unter Therapie klar charakterisiert ist. Dazu wurde Serum von je einem Patienten herangezogen, der unter definierten Studienbedingungen als SR oder NR bekannt war. Aus den Sera wurde die Virus-RNA extrahiert und mit Hilfe eines eigens dafür entwickelten RT-PCR-Protokolls und anschließender Klonierung in E. coli vervielfältigt. Um zufällige Mutationen und seltene Quasispezies auszuschließen, wurde dann nach vollständiger Sequenzierung von jeweils vier Einzelklonen mittels gezielter Mutagenese und Umklonierung eine Konsensussequenz geschaffen, die einen Durchschnitt der am häufigsten vorkommenden Quasispezies darstellt. Diese Konsensusklone wurden in einen Vektor zur Herstellung von RNA Transkripten eingefügt, so dass die Transkripte direkt zur Einbringung als Replikons in Zellkulturen genutzt werden können. Mit diesen klinisch charakterisierten Isolaten kann nun erstmals nach Unterschieden geforscht werden, die ursächlich für Therapieerfolg oder –misserfolg sein könnten. So können eventuell neue Therapieformen gefunden oder bereits vor Beginn einer Therapie eine Aussage zur Prognose getroffen werden.
Activations with neutrons in the keV energy range were routinely performed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany in order to simulate stellar conditions for neutron-capture cross sections. A quasi-Maxwell-Boltzmann neutron spectrum of kT = 25 keV, being of interest for the astrophysical s-process, was produced by the 7Li(p,n) reaction utilizing a 1912 keV proton beam at the Karlsruhe Van de Graaff accelerator. Activated samples resulting in long-lived nuclear reaction products with half-lives in the order of yr 100 Myr were analyzed by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Comparison of the obtained reaction cross sections to literature data from previous Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurements showed that the selected AMS data are systematically lower than the ToF data. To investigate this discrepancy, 54Fe(n,γ)55Fe and 35Cl(n,γ)36Cl reaction cross sections were newly measured at the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) in Germany. To complement the existing data, an additional neutron activation of 54Fe and 35Cl at a proton energy of 2 MeV was performed. The results will give implications for the stellar environment at kT = 90 keV, reaching the not yet experimentally explored high-energy s-process range. AMS measurements of the activated samples are scheduled.
About 50% of the elements heavier than iron are produced during the slow neutron capture process. This process occurs in different stellar sites at various energies. To understand the ongoing nucleosynthesis, the probability of a neutron capture for different temperatures and therefore for different stellar sites is essential. Activation experiments using the 7Li(p,n) reaction as neutron source were performed. At a temperature of kBT = 25 keV the cross sections were determined for 27Al, 37Cl and 41K. A new method was developed to perform activation experiments at even lower temperatures. For a proof of principle, the cross section for 64Ni was measured at kBT = 25 keV as well as for kBT = 6 keV. To study the impact of isomeric states at higher energies, activations of 181Ta were performed using two different proton energies.
We measured the Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C at the R3B setup in a first campaign within FAIR Phase 0 at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt. The goal was to improve the accuracy of the experimental data for the 12C(α,γ)16O fusion reaction and to reach lower center-ofmass energies than measured so far.
The experiment required beam intensities of 109 16O ions per second at an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon. The rare case of Coulomb breakup into 12C and 4He posed another challenge: The magnetic rigidities of the particles are so close because of the same mass-to-charge-number ratio A/Z = 2 for 16O, 12C and 4He. Hence, radical changes of the R3B setup were necessary. All detectors had slits to allow the passage of the unreacted 16O ions, while 4He and 12C would hit the detectors' active areas depending on the scattering angle and their relative energies. We developed and built detectors based on organic scintillators to track and identify the reaction products with sufficient precision.
To determine the neutron flux in activation experiments, a commonly used monitor is zirconium and in particular the stable isotopes 94,96Zr. 96Zr is very sensitive to epithermal neutrons. Despite its widespread application, most gamma intensities of the radioactive neutron capture product, 97Zr, yield large uncertainties. With the help of a new γ spectroscopy setup and GEANT simulations, we succeeded in determining a new set of γ-ray intensities with significantly reduced uncertainties.
The electron-capture process was studied for Xe54+ colliding with H2 molecules at the internal gas target of the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI, Darmstadt. Cross-section values for electron capture into excited projectile states were deduced from the observed emission cross section of Lyman radiation, being emitted by the hydrogenlike ions subsequent to the capture of a target electron. The ion beam energy range was varied between 5.5 and 30.9 MeV/u by applying the deceleration mode of the ESR. Thus, electron-capture data were recorded at the intermediate and, in particular, the low-collision-energy regime, well below the beam energy necessary to produce bare xenon ions. The obtained data are found to be in reasonable qualitative agreement with theoretical approaches, while a commonly applied empirical formula significantly overestimates the experimental findings.
We report the first measurement of low-energy proton-capture cross sections of 124Xe in a heavy-ion storage ring. 124Xe54+ ions of five different beam energies between 5.5 and 8 AMeV were stored to collide with a windowless hydrogen target. The 125Cs reaction products were directly detected. The interaction energies are located on the high energy tail of the Gamow window for hot, explosive scenarios such as supernovae and x-ray binaries. The results serve as an important test of predicted astrophysical reaction rates in this mass range. Good agreement in the prediction of the astrophysically important proton width at low energy is found, with only a 30% difference between measurement and theory. Larger deviations are found above the neutron emission threshold, where also neutron and γ widths significantly impact the cross sections. The newly established experimental method is a very powerful tool to investigate nuclear reactions on rare ion beams at low center-of-mass energies.
The 124Xe(p,γ) reaction has been measured for the first time at energies around the Gamow window by using stored ions at the ESR facility. The desired beam energies below 10 MeV/u introduce new experimental challenges like windowless ions detection under UHV conditions, extremely short beam lifetimes and efficient beam deceleration and cooling, all of which have been successfully met.
The neutron activation method is well-suited to investigate neutron-capture cross sections relevant for the main s-process component. Neutrons can be produced via the 7Li(p,n) reaction with proton energies of 1912 keV at e.g. Van de Graaff accelerators, which results in a quasi-Maxwellian spectrum of neutrons corresponding to a temperature of kBT = 25 keV. However, the weak s-process takes place in massive stars at temperatures between 25 and 90 keV. Simulations using the PINO code [2] suggest that a Maxwellian spectrum for higher energies, e.g. kBT = 90 keV, can be approximated by a linear combination of different neutron spectra. To validate the PINO code at proton energies Ep ≠ 1912 keV, neutron time-of-flight measurements were carried out at the PTB Ion Accelerator Facility (PIAF) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany.