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Tietze, Dieter Thomas ; Martens, Jochen ; Fischer, Balduin S. ; Sun, Yue-Hua ; Klussmann-Kolb, Annette ; Päckert, Martin
Songs in passerine birds are important for territory defense and mating. Speciation rates in oscine passerines are so high, due to cultural evolution, that this bird lineage makes up half of the extant bird species. Leaf warblers are a speciose Old-World passerine family of limited morphological differentiation, so that songs are even more important for species delimitation. We took 16 sonographic traits from song recordings of 80 leaf warbler taxa and correlated them with 15 potentially explanatory variables, pairwise, and in linear models. Based on a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the same taxa, all pairwise correlations were corrected for relatedness with phylogenetically independent contrasts and phylogenetic generalized linear models were used. We found a phylogenetic signal for most song traits, but a strong one only for the duration of the longest and of the shortest element, which are presumably inherited instead of learned. Body size of a leaf warbler species is a constraint on song frequencies independent of phylogeny. At least in this study, habitat density had only marginal impact on song features, which even disappeared through phylogenetic correction. Maybe most leaf warblers avoid the deterioration through sound propagation in dense vegetation by singing from exposed perches. Latitudinal (and longitudinal) extension of the breeding ranges was correlated with most song features, especially verse duration (longer polewards and westwards) and complexity (lower polewards). Climate niche or expansion history might explain these correlations. The number of different element types per verse decreases with elevation, possibly due to fewer resources and congeneric species at higher elevations.
Ice-nucleating particle concentrations of the past: insights from a 600-year-old Greenland ice core
(2020)
Schrod, Jann Erik ; Kleinhenz, Dominik ; Hörhold, Maria ; Erhardt, Tobias ; Richter, Sarah ; Wilhelms, Frank ; Fischer, Hubertus ; Ebert, Martin ; Twarloh, Birthe ; Della Lunga, Damiano ; Jensen, Camilla Marie ; Curtius, Joachim ; Bingemer, Heinz
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) affect the microphysics in cloud and precipitation processes. Hence, they modulate the radiative properties of clouds. However, atmospheric INP concentrations of the past are basically unknown. Here, we present INP measurements from an ice core in Greenland, which dates back to the year 1370. In total 135 samples were analyzed with the FRIDGE droplet freezing assay in the temperature range from −14 to −35 ∘C. The sampling frequency was set to 1 in 10 years from 1370 to 1960. From 1960 to 1990 the frequency was increased to one sample per year. Additionally, a few special events were probed, including volcanic episodes. The typical time coverage of a sample was on the order of a few months. Historical atmospheric INP concentrations were estimated with a conversion factor, which depends on the snow accumulation rate of the ice core, particle dry deposition velocity, and wet scavenging ratio. Typical atmospheric INP concentrations were on the order of 0.1 L−1 at −25 ∘C. The INP variability was found to be about 1–2 orders of magnitude. Yet, the short-term variability from samples over a seasonal cycle was considerably lower. INP concentrations were significantly correlated to some chemical tracers derived from continuous-flow analysis (CFA) and ion chromatography (IC) over a broad range of nucleation temperatures. The highest correlation coefficients were found for the particle concentration (spherical diameter dp > 1.2 µm). The correlation is higher for a time period of seasonal samples, where INP concentrations follow a clear annual pattern, highlighting the importance of the annual dust input in Greenland from East Asian deserts during spring. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of selected samples found mineral dust to be the dominant particle fraction, verifying their significance as INPs. Overall, the concentrations compare reasonably well to present-day INP concentrations, albeit they are on the lower side. However, we found that the INP concentration at medium supercooled temperatures differed before and after 1960. Average INP concentrations at −23, −24, −25, −26, and −28 ∘C were significantly higher (and more variable) in the modern-day period, which could indicate a potential anthropogenic impact, e.g., from land-use change.
Ice nucleating particle concentrations of the past: insights from a
600 year old Greenland ice core
(2020)
Schrod, Jann Erik ; Kleinhenz, Dominik ; Hörhold, Maria ; Erhardt, Tobias ; Richter, Sarah ; Wilhelms, Frank ; Fischer, Hubertus ; Ebert, Martin ; Twarloh, Birthe ; Della Lunga, Damiano ; Jensen, Camilla Marie ; Curtius, Joachim ; Bingemer, Heinz
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) affect the microphysics in cloud and precipitation processes. Hence, they modulate the radiative properties of clouds. However, atmospheric INP concentrations of the past are basically unknown. Here, we present INP measurements from an ice core in Greenland, which dates back to the year 1370. In total 135 samples were analyzed with the FRIDGE droplet freezing assay in the temperature range from −14 ◦C to −35 ◦C. The sampling frequency was set to 1 in 10 years from 1370 to 1960. From 1960 to 1990 the frequency was increased to 1 sample per year. Additionally, a number of special events were probed, including volcanic episodes. The typical time coverage of a sample was on the order of a few months. Historical atmospheric INP concentrations were estimated with a conversion factor, which depends on the snow accumulation rate of the ice core, particle dry deposition velocity and the wet scavenging ratio. Typical atmospheric INP concentrations were on the order of 0.1 L -1 at −25 ◦C. The INP variability was found to be about 1 – 2 orders of magnitude. Yet, the short-term variability from samples over a seasonal cycle was considerably lower. INP concentrations were significantly correlated to chemical tracers derived from continuous flow analysis (CFA) and ion chromatography (IC) over a broad range of nucleation temperatures. The highest correlation coefficients were found for the particle concentration (dp > 1.2 µm). The correlation is higher for the seasonal samples, where INP concentrations follow a clear annual pattern, highlighting the importance of the annual dust input in Greenland from East Asian deserts during spring. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of single particles retrieved from selected samples found particles of soil origin to be the dominant fraction, verifying the significance of mineral dust particles as INPs. Overall, the concentrations compare reasonably well to present day INP concentrations, albeit they are on the lower side. However, we found that the INP concentration at medium supercooled temperatures differed before and after 1960. Average INP concentrations at −23 ◦C, −24 ◦C, −25 ◦C, −26 ◦C and −28 ◦C were significantly higher (and more variable) in the modern day period, which could indicate a potential anthropogenic impact or some post-coring contamination of the topmost, very porous firn.
Antičić, Tome ; Baatar, B. ; Barna, Daniel ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Behler, Matthias ; Betev, Latchezar ; Białkowska, Helena ; Billimeier, Anja ; Blume, Christoph ; Boimska, Bożena ; Botje, Michiel ; Bracinik, Juraj ; Bramm, Roland ; Brun, René ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Černý, Vladimír ; Christakoglou, Panagiotis ; Chvala, Ondrej ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Csató, Péter ; Dinkelaker, Peter ; Eckardt, Volker ; Filip, Peter ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Georgopoulos, George ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Höhne, Claudia ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Kadija, Krešo ; Karev, Alexandre ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kollegger, Thorsten ; Korus, Robert ; Kowalski, Marek ; Kraus, Ingrid ; Kreps, Michal ; Leeuwen, Marco van ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Markert, Christina ; Mayes, Bill W. ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Meurer, Christine ; Mischke, André ; Mitrovski, Michael Kosta ; Molnár, József ; Mrówczyński, Stanislaw ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Perl, Katarzyna ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Pikna, Miroslav ; Pinsky, Lawrence ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rybczyński, Maciej ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seyboth, Peter ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Sitar, Branislav ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Stefanek, Grzegorz ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Šuša, Tatjana ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Varga, Dezsö ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Veres, Gábor I. ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Wetzler, Alexander Albert ; Włodarczyk, Zbigniew ; Xu, Nu ; Yoo, In-Kwon ; Zaranek, Jacek ; Zimanyi, József
The transverse mass mt distributions for deuterons and protons are measured in Pb+Pb reactions near midrapidity and in the range 0<mt–m<1.0 (1.5) GeV/c2 for minimum bias collisions at 158A GeV and for central collisions at 40 and 80 A GeV beam energies. The rapidity density dn/dy, inverse slope parameter T and mean transverse mass <mt> derived from mt distributions as well as the coalescence parameter B2 are studied as a function of the incident energy and the collision centrality. The deuteron mt spectra are significantly harder than those of protons, especially in central collisions. The coalescence factor B2 shows three systematic trends. First, it decreases strongly with increasing centrality reflecting an enlargement of the deuteron coalescence volume in central Pb+Pb collisions. Second, it increases with mt. Finally, B2 shows an increase with decreasing incident beam energy even within the SPS energy range. The results are discussed and compared to the predictions of models that include the collective expansion of the source created in Pb+Pb collisions.
Steinhilber, Dieter ; Fischer, Astrid Stefanie ; Metzner, Julia ; Steinbrink, Svenja Dorothea ; Roos, Jessica ; Ruthardt, Martin ; Maier, Thorsten Jürgen
Leukotrienes constitute a group of bioactive lipids generated by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. An increasing body of evidence supports an acute role for 5-LO products already during the earliest stages of pancreatic, prostate, and colorectal carcinogenesis. Several pieces of experimental data form the basis for this hypothesis and suggest a correlation between 5-LO expression and tumor cell viability. First, several independent studies documented an overexpression of 5-LO in primary tumor cells as well as in established cancer cell lines. Second, addition of 5-LO products to cultured tumor cells also led to increased cell proliferation and activation of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. 5-LO antisense technology approaches demonstrated impaired tumor cell growth due to reduction of 5-LO expression. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of 5-LO potently suppressed tumor cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, the documented strong cytotoxic off-target effects of 5-LO inhibitors, in combination with the relatively high concentrations of 5-LO products needed to achieve mitogenic effects in cell culture assays, raise concern over the assignment of the cause, and question the relationship between 5-LO products and tumorigenesis. Keywords: leukotriene, apoptosis, cell proliferation, mitogenic effects, cytotoxicity
The Kinase Chemogenomic Set (KCGS): an open science resource for kinase vulnerability identification
(2021)
Wells, Carrow I. ; Al-Ali, Hassan ; Andrews, David M. ; Asquith, Christopher R. M. ; Axtman, Alison D. ; Đikić, Ivan ; Ebner, Daniel ; Ettmayer, Peter ; Fischer, Christian ; Frederiksen, Mathias ; Futrell, Robert E. ; Gray, Nathanael S. ; Hatch, Stephanie B. ; Knapp, Stefan ; Lücking, Ulrich ; Michaelides, Michael ; Mills, Caitlin E. ; Müller, Susanne ; Owen, Dafydd R. ; Picado, Alfredo ; Saikatendu, Kumar S. ; Schröder, Martin ; Stolz, Alexandra ; Tellechea, Mariana ; Turunen, Brandon J. ; Vilar, Santiago ; Wang, Jinhua ; Zuercher, William J. ; Willson, Timothy M. ; Drewry, David H.
We describe the assembly and annotation of a chemogenomic set of protein kinase inhibitors as an open science resource for studying kinase biology. The set only includes inhibitors that show potent kinase inhibition and a narrow spectrum of activity when screened across a large panel of kinase biochemical assays. Currently, the set contains 187 inhibitors that cover 215 human kinases. The kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS), current Version 1.0, is the most highly annotated set of selective kinase inhibitors available to researchers for use in cell-based screens.
The Kinase Chemogenomic Set (KCGS): An open science resource for kinase vulnerability identification
(2019)
Wells, Carrow I. ; Al-Ali, Hassan ; Andrews, David M. ; Asquith, Christopher R. M. ; Axtman, Alison D. ; Chung, Mirra ; Đikić, Ivan ; Ebner, Daniel ; Elkins, Jonathan M. ; Ettmayer, Peter ; Fischer, Christian ; Frederiksen, Mathias ; Gray, Nathanael S. ; Hatch, Stephanie ; Knapp, Stefan ; Lee, Shudong ; Lücking, Ulrich ; Michaelides, Michael ; Mills, Caitlin E. ; Müller, Susanne ; Owen, Dafydd R. ; Picado, Alfredo ; Ramadan, Kristijan ; Saikatendu, Kumar S. ; Schröder, Martin ; Stolz, Alexandra ; Tellechea, Mariana ; Treiber, Daniel K. ; Turunen, Brandon J. ; Vilar, Santiago ; Wang, Jinhua ; Zuercher, William J. ; Willson, Timothy M. ; Drewry, David H.
We describe the assembly and annotation of a chemogenomic set of protein kinase inhibitors as an open science resource for studying kinase biology. The set only includes inhibitors that show potent kinase inhibition and a narrow spectrum of activity when screened across a large panel of kinase biochemical assays. Currently, the set contains 187 inhibitors that cover 215 human kinases. The kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS) is the most highly annotated set of selective kinase inhibitors available to researchers for use in cell-based screens.
Hintergrund: Die staatlichen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 im Jahr 2020 brachten den Trainings- und Wettkampfbetrieb im professionellen Fußball in vielen Ländern zum zeitweiligen Erliegen. In Folge des Lockdowns waren die Trainingsmöglichkeiten zumeist auf unspezifische heimbasierte Trainingsmethoden begrenzt. Es ist unklar, ob sich die fehlenden sportspezifischen Belastungsreize negativ auf die physische Leistungsfähigkeit der Fußballspielenden auswirkten.
Methodik: Im Rahmen eines narrativen Reviews wurde mittels einer selektiven Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, Google Scholar und BISp-Surf nach Studien gesucht, welche die Auswirkungen des Lockdowns auf physische Leistungsparameter bei erwachsenen professionellen Fußballspielenden untersuchten.
Ergebnisse: In die Übersichtsarbeit wurden sechs prospektive Längsschnittstudien eingeschlossen. In allen Studien kam während der Quarantäne ein heimbasiertes Ersatztraining zum Einsatz. Vier Studien verglichen die Leistungsfähigkeit der Fußballer/-innen mit Leistungsdaten aus vorherigen Spielzeiten. Zwei Studien ermittelten die Leistungsfähigkeit der Sportler/-innen unmittelbar vor und nach der Lockdownperiode.
Diskussion: Während die allgemeine Kraft- und Ausdauerleistung durch heimbasierte Ersatztrainingsprogramme erhalten werden kann, weisen die Studien darauf hin, dass sich die fehlenden spezifischen Belastungsreize vor allem negativ auf die Schnelligkeits- und Schnellkraftleistung der Fußballspielenden auswirken könnten. Bei Rückkehr in den regulären Trainingsbetrieb sollte daher auf eine progressive Belastungssteuerung insbesondere im Schnelligkeitstraining geachtet werden, um das Risiko für Verletzungen zu senken.
Slik, J. W. Ferry ; Franklin, Janet ; Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor ; Field, Richard ; Aguilar, Salomon ; Aguirre, Nikolay ; Ahumada, Jorge ; Aiba, Shin-Ichiro ; Alves, Luciana F. ; Anitha, Kamalakumari ; Avella, Andres ; Mora, Francisco ; Aymard, Gerardo A. ; Báez, Selene ; Balvanera, Patricia ; Bastian, Meredith L. ; Bastin, Jean-François ; Bellingham, Peter ; van den Berg, Eduardo ; da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna ; Boeckx, Pascal ; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin ; Bongers, Frans ; Boyle, Brad ; Brambach, Fabian ; Brearley, Francis Q. ; Brown, Sandra ; Chai, Shauna-Lee ; Chazdon, Robin L. ; Chen, Shengbin ; Chhang, Phourin ; Chuyong, George ; Ewangog, Corneille ; Coronado, Indiana ; Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi ; Culmsee, Heike ; Damas, Kipiro ; Dattaraja, Handanakere Shivaramaiah ; Davidar, Priya ; DeWalt, Saara J. ; Din, Hazimah ; Drake, Donald R. ; Duque, Alvaro ; Durigan, Giselda ; Eichhorn, Karl ; Schmidt Eler, Eduardo ; Enoki, Tsutomu ; Ensslin, Andreas ; Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain ; Farwig, Nina ; Feeley, Kenneth J. ; Fischer, Markus ; Forshed, Olle ; Garcia, Queila Souza ; Garkoti, Satish Chandra ; Gillespie, Thomas William ; Gillet, Jean-Francois ; Gonmadje, Christelle ; Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo ; Griffith, Daniel M. ; Grogan, James ; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman ; Harris, David J. ; Harrison, Rhett D. ; Hector, Andy ; Hemp, Andreas ; Homeier, Jürgen ; Hussain, M. Shah ; Ibarra Manríquez, Guillermo ; Hanum, I. Faridah ; Imai, Nobuo ; Jansen, Patrick A. ; Joly, Carlos Alfredo ; Joseph, Shijo ; Kartawinata, Kuswata ; Kearsley, Elizabeth ; Kelly, Daniel L. ; Kessler, Michael ; Killeen, Timothy J. ; Kooyman, Robert ; Laumonier, Yves ; Laurance, Susan G. ; Laurance, William F. ; Lawes, Michael J. ; Letcher, Susan G. ; Lindsell, Jeremy ; Lovett, Jon ; Lozada, Jose ; Lu, Xinghui ; Lykke, Anne Mette ; Bin Mahmud, Khairil ; Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana ; Mansor, Asyraf ; Marshall, Andrew R. ; Martin, Emanuel H. ; Leal Matos, Darley Calderado ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Melo, Felipe P. L. ; Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre ; Metali, Faizah ; Medjibe, Vincent P. ; Metzger, Jean Paul ; Metzker, Thiago ; Mohandass, Dharmalingam ; Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A. ; Muñoz, Rodrigo ; Nurtjahy, Eddy ; Lenza de Oliveira, Eddie ; Onrizal, Onrizal ; Parolin, Pia ; Parren, Marc ; Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy ; Paudel, Ekananda ; Perez, Rolando ; Pérez-García, Eduardo A. ; Pommer, Ulf ; Poorter, Lourens ; Qi, Lan ; F. Piedade, Maria Teresa ; Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto ; Dalberg Poulsen, Axel ; Poulsen, John R. ; Powers, Jennifer S. ; Prasad, Rama Chandra ; Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe ; Rangel, Orlando ; Reitsma, Jan ; S. B. Rocha, Diogo ; Rolim, Samir ; Rovero, Francesco ; Rozak, Andes ; Ruokolainen, Kalle ; Rutishauser, Ervan ; Rutten, Gemma ; Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam ; Saiter, Felipe Z. ; Saner, Philippe ; Santos, Braulio ; dos Santos, João Roberto ; Sarker, Swapan Kumar ; Schmitt, Christine B. ; Schöngart, Jochen ; Schulze, Mark ; Sheil, Douglas ; Sist, Plinio ; Souza, Alexandre F. ; Spironello, Wilson Roberto ; Sposito, Tereza ; Steinmetz, Robert ; Stevart, Tariq ; Suganuma, Marcio Seiji ; Sukri, Rahayu ; Sultana, Aisha ; Sukumar, Raman ; Sunderland, Terry ; Supriyadi, Agus ; Suresh, Hebbalalu S. ; Suzuki, Eizi ; Tabarelli, Marcelo ; Tang, Jianwei ; Tanner, Edmund V. J. ; Targhetta, Natalia ; Theilade, Ida ; Thomas, Duncan ; Timberlake, Jonathan ; de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio ; Valkenburg, Johan van ; Do, Tran Van ; Sam, Hoang Van ; Vandermeer, John H. ; Verbeeck, Hans ; Vetaas, Ole Reidar ; Adekunle, Victor ; Vieira, Simone A. ; Webb, Campbell O. ; Webb, Edward L. ; Whitfeld, Timothy ; Wich, Serge ; Williams, John ; Wiser, Susan ; Wittmann, Florian ; Yang, Xiaobo ; Adou Yao, C. Yves ; Yap, Sandra L. ; Zahawie, Rakan A. ; Zakaria, Rahmad ; Zang, Runguo
Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.
Prieto García, Cristian ; Hartmann, Oliver ; Reissland, Michaela ; Braun, Fabian ; Fischer, Thomas ; Walz, Susanne ; Schülein‐Völk, Christina ; Eilers, Ursula ; Ade, Carsten P. ; Calzado, Marco A. ; Orian, Amir ; Maric, Hans-Michael ; Münch, Christian ; Rosenfeldt, Mathias Tillmann ; Eilers, Martin ; Diefenbacher, Markus Elmar
The transcription factor ∆Np63 is a master regulator of epithelial cell identity and essential for the survival of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, head and neck, oesophagus, cervix and skin. Here, we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 stabilizes ∆Np63 and maintains elevated ∆NP63 levels in SCC by counteracting its proteasome‐mediated degradation. Impaired USP28 activity, either genetically or pharmacologically, abrogates the transcriptional identity and suppresses growth and survival of human SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered in vivo mouse models establish that endogenous USP28 is strictly required for both induction and maintenance of lung SCC. Our data strongly suggest that targeting ∆Np63 abundance via inhibition of USP28 is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCC tumours.