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Sowohl die Abhängigkeit des Erfolgs von Sängern von der Mode, d. h. der Mode des Publikums, wie die Tatsache, dass gut singen zu können zwar nicht schadet, aber nicht essentiell für die Karriere von Sängern ist, widerspricht der These von John Rosselli, der in seinem maßgeblichen Buch über italienische Sänger der Meinung war, am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts hätte sich für Sänger ein Markt herausgebildet, der nach dem Gesetz von Angebot und Nachfrage funktionierte. [...] Der Gesangs-Star verdankte seine Existenz schon im 19. Jahrhundert wiederum einem geschickten Marketing ("Reklame"), welches nicht zuletzt durch die ständigen Pressemeldungen möglich war, die nach Möglichkeit beeinflusst wurden. Sehr deutlich ist das an der spektakulären Affäre Lucca - Mallinger zu sehen.
In our previous work we showed that NGAL, a protein involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation, is overexpressed in human breast cancer (BC) and predicts poor prognosis. In neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) pathological complete response (pCR) is a predictor for outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate NGAL as a predictor of response to NACT and to validate NGAL as a prognostic factor for clinical outcome in patients with primary BC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays from 652 core biopsies from BC patients, who underwent NACT in the GeparTrio trial. NGAL expression and intensity was evaluated separately. NGAL was detected in 42.2% of the breast carcinomas in the cytoplasm. NGAL expression correlated with negative hormone receptor (HR) status, but not with other baseline parameters. NGAL expression did not correlate with pCR in the full population, however, NGAL expression and staining intensity were significantly associated with higher pCR rates in patients with positive HR status. In addition, strong NGAL expression correlated with higher pCR rates in node negative patients, patients with histological grade 1 or 2 tumors and a tumor size <40 mm. In univariate survival analysis, positive NGAL expression and strong staining intensity correlated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) in the entire cohort and different subgroups, including HR positive patients. Similar correlations were found for intense staining and decreased overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, NGAL expression remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS. The results show that in low-risk subgroups, NGAL was found to be a predictive marker for pCR after NACT. Furthermore, NGAL could be validated as an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS in primary human BC.