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The ALICE Collaboration has measured the energy dependence of exclusive photoproduction of J/ψ vector mesons off proton targets in ultra-peripheral p-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The e+e− and μ+μ− decay channels are used to measure the cross section as a function of the rapidity of the J/ψ in the range −2.5<y<2.7, corresponding to an energy in the γp centre-of-mass in the interval 40<Wγp<550 GeV. The measurements, which are consistent with a power law dependence of the exclusive J/ψ photoproduction cross section, are compared to previous results from HERA and the LHC and to several theoretical models. They are found to be compatible with previous measurements.
Event-shape engineering for the D-meson elliptic flow in mid-central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02
(2019)
The production yield of prompt D mesons and their elliptic flow coefficient v2 were measured with the Event-Shape Engineering (ESE) technique applied to mid-central (10-30% and 30-50% centrality classes) Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV, with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The ESE technique allows the classification of events, belonging to the same centrality, according to the azimuthal anisotropy of soft particle production in the collision. The reported measurements give the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of charm quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma and provide information on their participation in the collective expansion of the medium. D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decays at mid-rapidity, |η|<0.8, in the transverse momentum interval 1<pT<24 GeV/c. The v2 coefficient is found to be sensitive to the event-shape selection confirming a correlation between the D-meson azimuthal anisotropy and the collective expansion of the bulk matter, while the per-event D-meson yields do not show any significant modification within the current uncertainties.
The ALICE Collaboration has measured the energy dependence of exclusive photoproduction of J/ψ vector mesons off proton targets in ultra-peripheral p-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The e+e− and μ+μ− decay channels are used to measure the cross section as a function of the rapidity of the J/ψ in the range −2.5<y<2.7, corresponding to an energy in the γp centre-of-mass in the interval 40<Wγp<550 GeV. The measurements, which are consistent with a power law dependence of the exclusive J/ψ photoproduction cross section, are compared to previous results from HERA and the LHC and to several theoretical models. They are found to be compatible with previous measurements.
A measurement of the production of prompt Λ+c baryons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) via the hadronic decay channel Λ+c→pK0S (and charge conjugate) in the transverse momentum and centrality intervals 6<pT<12 GeV/c and 0-80%. The Λ+c/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the charm quark hadronisation mechanisms in the medium, is measured and found to be larger than the ratio measured in minimum-bias pp collisions at s√=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. In particular, the values in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions differ by about two standard deviations of the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties in the common pT interval covered by the measurements in the two collision system. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also compared with model calculations including different implementations of charm quark hadronisation. The measured ratio is reproduced by models implementing a pure coalescence scenario, while adding a fragmentation contribution leads to an underestimation. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor, RAA, is also presented. The measured values of the RAA of Λ+c, Ds and non-strange D mesons are compatible within the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. They show, however, a hint of a hierarchy (RD0AA<RDsAA<RΛ+cAA), conceivable with a contribution of recombination mechanisms to charm hadron formation in the medium.
The transverse structure of jets was studied via jet fragmentation transverse momentum (jT) distributions, obtained using two-particle correlations in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, measured with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The highest transverse momentum particle in each event is used as the trigger particle and the region 3<pTt<15 GeV/c is explored in this study. The measured distributions show a clear narrow Gaussian component and a wide non-Gaussian one. Based on Pythia simulations, the narrow component can be related to non-perturbative hadronization and the wide component to quantum chromodynamical splitting. The width of the narrow component shows a weak dependence on the transverse momentum of the trigger particle, in agreement with the expectation of universality of the hadronization process. On the other hand, the width of the wide component shows a rising trend suggesting increased branching for higher transverse momentum. The results obtained in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV are compatible within uncertainties and hence no significant cold nuclear matter effects are observed. The results are compared to previous measurements from CCOR and PHENIX as well as to Pythia 8 and Herwig 7 simulations.
Event-shape engineering for the D-meson elliptic flow in mid-central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02
(2018)
The production yield of prompt D mesons and their elliptic flow coefficient v2 were measured with the Event-Shape Engineering (ESE) technique applied to mid-central (10-30% and 30-50% centrality classes) Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV, with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The ESE technique allows the classification of events, belonging to the same centrality, according to the azimuthal anisotropy of soft particle production in the collision. The reported measurements give the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of charm quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma and provide information on their participation in the collective expansion of the medium. D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decays at mid-rapidity, |η|<0.8, in the transverse momentum interval 1<pT<24 GeV/c. The v2 coefficient is found to be sensitive to the event-shape selection confirming a correlation between the D-meson azimuthal anisotropy and the collective expansion of the bulk matter, while the per-event D-meson yields do not show any significant modification within the current uncertainties.
A measurement of the production of prompt Λ+c baryons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) via the hadronic decay channel Λ+c→pK0S (and charge conjugate) in the transverse momentum and centrality intervals 6<pT<12 GeV/c and 0-80%. The Λ+c/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the charm quark hadronisation mechanisms in the medium, is measured and found to be larger than the ratio measured in minimum-bias pp collisions at s√=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. In particular, the values in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions differ by about two standard deviations of the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. The Λ+c/D0 ratio is also compared with model calculations including different implementations of charm quark hadronisation. The measured ratio is reproduced by models implementing a pure coalescence scenario, while adding a fragmentation contribution leads to an underestimation. The Λ+c nuclear modification factor, RAA, is also presented. The measured values of the RAA of Λ+c, Ds and non-strange D mesons are compatible within the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. They show, however, a hint of a hierarchy (RD0AA<RDsAA<RΛ+cAA), conceivable with a contribution of recombination mechanisms to charm hadron formation in the medium.
The transverse structure of jets was studied via jet fragmentation transverse momentum (jT) distributions, obtained using two-particle correlations in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, measured with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The highest transverse momentum particle in each event is used as the trigger particle and the region 3<pTt<15 GeV/c is explored in this study. The measured distributions show a clear narrow Gaussian component and a wide non-Gaussian one. Based on Pythia simulations, the narrow component can be related to non-perturbative hadronization and the wide component to quantum chromodynamical splitting. The width of the narrow component shows a weak dependence on the transverse momentum of the trigger particle, in agreement with the expectation of universality of the hadronization process. On the other hand, the width of the wide component shows a rising trend suggesting increased branching for higher transverse momentum. The results obtained in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV are compatible within uncertainties and hence no significant cold nuclear matter effects are observed. The results are compared to previous measurements from CCOR and PHENIX as well as to Pythia 8 and Herwig 7 simulations.
Charged-particle pseudorapidity density at mid-rapidity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV
(2019)
The pseudorapidity density of charged particles, dNch/dη, in p-Pb collisions has been measured at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV at mid-pseudorapidity for non-single-diffractive events. The results cover 3.6 units of pseudorapidity, |η|<1.8. The dNch/dη value is 19.1±0.7 at |η|<0.5. This quantity divided by ⟨Npart⟩/2, is 4.73±0.20, which is 9.5% higher than the corresponding value for p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. Measurements are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production. All models agree within uncertainties with data in the Pb-going side, while HIJING overestimates, showing a symmetric behaviour, and EPOS underestimates the p-going side of the dNch/dη distribution. Saturation-based models reproduce the distributions well for η>−1.3. The dNch/dη is also measured for different centrality estimators, based both on the charged-particle multiplicity and on the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeters. A study of the implications of the large multiplicity fluctuations due to the small number of participants for systems like p-Pb in the centrality calculation for multiplicity-based estimators is discussed, demonstrating the advantages of determining the centrality with energy deposited near beam rapidity.
The pT-differential production cross section of prompt Λ+c charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at midrapidity. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes Λ+c→pK−π+, Λ+c→pK0S and in the semileptonic channel Λ+c→e+νeΛ (and charge conjugates). The measured values of the Λ+c/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity and pT intervals, where the Λ+c production process may differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the Λ+c nuclear modification factor, RpPb, is also presented. The RpPb is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm quark interactions with a deconfined medium.