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Ackermann, K. H. ; Adams, N. ; Adler, Clemens ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Shakeel ; Allgower, Chris ; Amsbaugh, J. ; Anderson, Mike ; Anderssen, E. ; Arnesen, H. ; Arnold, L. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Baldwin, A. ; Balewski, Jan ; Barannikova, Olga ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Baudot, Jérome ; Beddo, Michael E. ; Bekele, Selemon ; Belaga, Victoria Vladimirovna ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bennett, Samuel ; Bercovitz, J. ; Berger, Jens ; Betts, W. ; Bichsel, Hans ; Bieser, Fred ; Bland, Leslie C. ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Boehm, J. ; Bonner, Billy E. ; Bonnet, D. ; Bossingham, R. ; Botlo, M. ; Boucham, Abdelkrim ; Bouillo, N. ; Bouvier, S. ; Bradley, K. ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Braithwaite, E. S. ; Braithwaite, Wilfred J. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Brown, R. L. ; Brugalette, G. ; Byrd, C. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cardenas, Andrés ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Carroll, J. ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Caylor, B. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chatopadhyay, S. ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Chikanian, Alexei ; Choi, B. ; Chrin, J. ; Christie, William ; Coffin, Jean Pierre ; Conin, Laurent ; Consiglio, C. ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Cramer, John G. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Danilov, V. I. ; Dayton, D. ; DeMello, M. ; Deng, W. S. ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dialinas, M. ; Diaz, H. ; DeYoung, P. A. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dimassimo, D. ; Dioguardi, J. ; Dominik, W. ; Drancourt, C. ; Draper, James E. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Dunlop, James C. ; Eckardt, Volker ; Edwards, W. R. ; Efimov, Leonid G. ; Eggert, Tobias ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Etkin, A. ; Fachini, Patricia ; Feliciano, C. ; Ferenc, Daniel ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fessler, H. ; Finch, Evan ; Fine, Valeri ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Flores, I. ; Foley, K. J. ; Fritz, D. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J. ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Germain, Marie ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghazikhanian, Vahe ; Gojak, C. ; Grabski, J. ; Grachov, Oleg A. ; Grau, M. ; Greiner, D. ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grigoriev, Vladislav A. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gross, J. ; Guilloux, G. ; Gushin, E. ; Hall, J. ; Hallman, Timothy J. ; Hardtke, David H. ; Harper, G. ; Harris, John W. ; He, P. ; Heffner, Michael D. ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herston, T. ; Hill, D. ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hirsch, Andrew S. ; Hjort, Eric ; Hoffmann, Gerald W. ; Horsley, M. ; Howe, Mark A. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Hunt, W. ; Hunter, J. ; Igo, George J. ; Ishihara, A. ; Ivanshin, Yu. I. ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jacobson, S. ; Jared, R. ; Jensen, P. ; Johnson, I. ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kaneta, Kaneta ; Kaplan, Morton ; Keane, Declan ; Kenney, V. P. ; Khodinov, A. ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Klyachko, A. ; Koehler, G. ; Konstantinov, A. S. ; Kormilitsyne, V. ; Kotchenda, L. ; Kotov, I. ; Kovalenko, A. D. ; Kramer, M. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Krueger, Keith William ; Krupien, T. ; Kuczewski, P. ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kunde, Gerd J. ; Kunz, Christopher Lee ; Kutuev, R. Kh. ; Kuznetsov, A. A. ; Lakehal-Ayat, L. ; Lamas-Valverde, Jose ; Lamont, Matthew A. C. ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lange, S. ; Lansdell, Curtis Patrick Leon ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Laue, Frank ; Lebedev, Alexei ; LeCompte, T. ; Leonhardt, W. J. ; Leontiev, V. M. ; Leszczynski, P. ; LeVine, Micheal J. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Z. ; Liaw, C.-J. ; Lin, J. ; Lindenbaum, Sam J. ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindstrom, P. J. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, H. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; LoCurto, G. ; Long, H. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Lopez-Noriega, M. ; Lopiano, D. ; Love, William A. ; Lutz, J. R. ; Lynn, David ; Madansky, L. ; Maier, R. ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Maliszewski, A. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Marks, K. ; Marstaller, R. ; Martin, L. ; Marx, Jay N. ; Matis, Howard S. ; Matulenko, Yuri A. ; Matyushevski, E. A. ; McParland, C. ; McShane, Tom S. ; Meier, J. ; Melnick, Yu. ; Meščanin, Aleksei P. ; Middlekamp, P. ; Mikhalin, N. ; Miller, B. ; Milosevich, Z. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Minor, B. ; Mitchell, J. ; Mogavero, E. ; Moiseenko, V. A. ; Moltz, D. ; Moore, C. F. ; Morozov, V. ; Morse, Richard J. ; de Moura, M. M. ; Munhoz, Marcelo Gameiro ; Mutchler, G. S. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nevski, P. ; Ngo, T. ; Nguyen, M. ; Nguyen, T. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Noggle, T. ; Norman, B. ; Nurušev, Sandibek B. ; Nussbaum, Ted ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Ogilvie, C. A. ; Olchanski, K. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Olson, Douglas L. ; Ososkov, Gennadij A. ; Ott, G. ; Padrazo, D. ; Paic, Guy ; Pandey, S. U. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Panitkin, Sergei Yurievich ; Pavlinov, A. I. ; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan ; Pentia, M. ; Perevotchikov, V. ; Peryt, Wiktor Stanislaw ; Petrov, V. A ; Pinganaud, W. ; Pirogov, S. ; Platner, E. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Polk, I. ; Porile, Norbert T. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Potrebenikova, E. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Puskar-Pasewicz, J. ; Rai, Gulshan ; Rasson, J. ; Ravel, Olivier ; Ray, Robert L. ; Razin, Sergej V. ; Reichhold, Dennis Michael ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retiere, Fabrice ; Ridiger, Alexey ; Riso, J. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Roberts, Jabus B. ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rogachevski, O. V. ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Russ, D. ; Rykov, Vladimir L. ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sanchez, R. ; Sandler, Z. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sappenfield, P. ; Saulys, A. C. ; Savin, Igor A. ; Schambach, Joachim ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheblien, J. ; Scheetz, R. ; Schlueter, R. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schroeder, Lee S. ; Schulz, M. ; Schüttauf, Andreas ; Sedlmeir, J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seliverstov, D. ; Seyboth, J. ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seymour, R. ; Shakaliev, E. I. ; Shestermanov, Konstantin E. ; Shi, Y. ; Shimanskii, S. S. ; Shuman, Derek ; Shvetcov, V. S. ; Skoro, Goran P. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Smykov, L. P. ; Snellings, Raimond ; Solberg, K. ; Sowinski, James ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar ; Stephenson, Edward J. ; Stock, Reinhard ; Stolpovsky, Alexander ; Stone, N. ; Stone, R. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Struck, Christof ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Sugarbaker, Evan R. ; Suire, Christophe Pierre ; Symons, Timothy James MacNeil ; Takahashi, Jun ; Tang, Aihong ; Tarchini, A. ; Tarzian, J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tikhomirov, V. ; Toledo, Alejandro Szanto de ; Tonse, Shaheen ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tonjes, Marguerite Belt ; Trofimov, V. ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Turner, K. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Vakula, I. ; Van Buren, Gene ; VanderMolen, A. M. ; Vanyashin, A. ; Vasilevski, I. M. ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vigdor, Steven E. ; Visser, G. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vu, C. ; Wang, F. ; Ward, H. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Weidenbach, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wenaus, T. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Whitfield, J. P. ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wieman, Howard ; Willson, Robert ; Wilson, K. ; Wirth, Joana ; Wisdom, J. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wolf, J. ; Wood, Lindsay ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Z. ; Yakutin, A. E. ; Yamamoto, E. ; Yang, J. ; Yepes, Pablo P. ; Yokosawa, A. ; Yurevich, Vladimir Yurevich ; Zanevski, Y. V. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zimmerman, D. ; Zoulkarneev, R. ; Zubarev, A. N.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
Ackermann, K. H. ; Adams, N. ; Adler, Clemens ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Shakeel ; Allgower, Chris ; Amsbaugh, J. ; Anderson, Mike ; Anderssen, E. ; Arnesen, H. ; Arnold, L. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Baldwin, A. ; Balewski, Jan ; Barannikova, Olga ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Baudot, Jérome ; Beddo, M. ; Bekele, Selemon ; Belaga, Victoria Vladimirovna ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bennett, Samuel ; Bercovitz, J. ; Berger, Jens ; Betts, W. ; Bichsel, Hans ; Bieser, F. ; Bland, Leslie C. ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Boehm, J. ; Bonner, Billy E. ; Bonnet, D. ; Bossingham, R. ; Botlo, M. ; Boucham, Abdelkrim ; Bouillo, N. ; Bouvier, S. ; Bradley, K. ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Braithwaite, E. S. ; Braithwaite, Wilfred J. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Brown, R. L. ; Brugalette, G. ; Byrd, C. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cardenas, Andrés ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Carroll, J. ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Caylor, B. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chatopadhyay, S. ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Chikanian, Alexei ; Choi, B. ; Chrin, J. ; Christie, William ; Coffin, Jean Pierre ; Conin, L. ; Consiglio, C. ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Cramer, John G. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Danilov, V. I. ; Dayton, D. ; DeMello, M. ; Deng, W. S. ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dialinas, M. ; Diaz, H. ; DeYoung, P. A. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dimassimo, D. ; Dioguardi, J. ; Dominik, W. ; Drancourt, C. ; Draper, James E. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Dunlop, James C. ; Eckardt, Volker ; Edwards, W. R. ; Efimov, Leonid G. ; Eggert, T. ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Etkin, A. ; Fachini, Patricia ; Feliciano, C. ; Ferenc, D. ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fessler, H. ; Finch, Evan ; Fine, Valeri ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Flores, I. ; Foley, Kenneth John ; Fritz, D. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J. ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Germain, Marie ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghazikhanian, Vahe ; Gojak, C. ; Grabski, J. ; Grachov, Oleg A. ; Grau, M. ; Greiner, D. ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grigoriev, Vladislav A. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gross, J. ; Guilloux, G. ; Gushin, E. ; Hall, J. ; Hallman, Timothy J. ; Hardtke, David H. ; Harper, G. ; Harris, John W. ; He, P. ; Heffner, M. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herston, T. ; Hill, D. ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hirsch, Andrew S. ; Hjort, Eric ; Hoffmann, Gerald W. ; Horsley, M. ; Howe, Mark A. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hümmler, H. ; Hunt, W. ; Hunter, J. ; Igo, George J. ; Ishihara, A. ; Ivanshin, Yu. I. ; Jacobs, P. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jacobson, S. ; Jared, R. ; Jensen, P. ; Johnson, I. ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kaneta, Kaneta ; Kaplan, Morton ; Keane, Declan ; Kenney, V. P. ; Khodinov, A. ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Klyachko, A. ; Koehler, G. ; Konstantinov, A. S. ; Kormilitsyne, V. ; Kotchenda, L. ; Kotov, I. ; Kovalenko, A. D. ; Kramer, M. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Krueger, Keith William ; Krupien, T. ; Kuczewski, P. ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kunde, Gerd J. ; Kunz, Christopher Lee ; Kutuev, R. Kh. ; Kuznetsov, A. A. ; Lakehal-Ayat, L. ; Lamas-Valverde, Jose ; Lamont, Matthew A. C. ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lange, S. ; Lansdell, Curtis Patrick Leon ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Laue, Frank ; Lebedev, Alexei ; LeCompte, T. ; Leonhardt, W. J. ; Leontiev, V. M. ; Leszczynski, P. ; LeVine, Micheal J. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Z. ; Liaw, C.-J. ; Lin, J. ; Lindenbaum, Sam J. ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindstrom, P. J. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, H. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; LoCurto, G. ; Long, H. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Lopez-Noriega, M. ; Lopiano, D. ; Love, William A. ; Lutz, J. R. ; Lynn, David ; Madansky, L. ; Maier, R. ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Maliszewski, A. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Marks, K. ; Marstaller, R. ; Martin, L. ; Marx, Jay N. ; Matis, Howard S. ; Matulenko, Yuri A. ; Matyushevski, E. A. ; McParland, C. ; McShane, Tom S. ; Meier, J. ; Melnick, Yu. ; Meščanin, Aleksei P. ; Middlekamp, P. ; Mikhalin, N. ; Miller, B. ; Milosevich, Z. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Minor, B. ; Mitchell, J. ; Mogavero, E. ; Moiseenko, V. A. ; Moltz, D. ; Moore, C. F. ; Morozov, V. ; Morse, R. ; de Moura, M. M. ; Munhoz, Marcelo Gameiro ; Mutchler, G. S. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nevski, P. ; Ngo, T. ; Nguyen, M. ; Nguyen, T. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Noggle, T. ; Norman, B. ; Nurušev, Sandibek B. ; Nussbaum, T. ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Ogilvie, C. A. ; Olchanski, K. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Olson, Douglas L. ; Ososkov, G. A. ; Ott, G. ; Padrazo, D. ; Paic, Guy ; Pandey, S. U. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Panitkin, Sergei Yurievich ; Pavlinov, Alexei I. ; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan ; Pentia, M. ; Perevotchikov, V. ; Peryt, Wiktor Stanislaw ; Petrov, V. A ; Pinganaud, W. ; Pirogov, S. ; Platner, E. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Polk, I. ; Porile, Norbert T. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Potrebenikova, E. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Puskar-Pasewicz, J. ; Rai, Gulshan ; Rasson, J. ; Ravel, Olivier ; Ray, Robert L. ; Razin, Sergej V. ; Reichhold, Dennis Michael ; Reid, J. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retiere, Fabrice ; Ridiger, Alexey ; Riso, J. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Roberts, Jabus B. ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rogachevski, O. V. ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Russ, D. ; Rykov, Vladimir L. ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sanchez, R. ; Sandler, Z. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sappenfield, P. ; Saulys, A. C. ; Savin, Igor A. ; Schambach, Joachim ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheblien, J. ; Scheetz, R. ; Schlueter, R. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schroeder, Lee S. ; Schulz, M. ; Schüttauf, Andreas ; Sedlmeir, J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seliverstov, D. ; Seyboth, J. ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seymour, R. ; Shakaliev, E. I. ; Shestermanov, Konstantin E. ; Shi, Y. ; Šimanskij, Stepan S. ; Shuman, D. ; Shvetcov, V. S. ; Skoro, Goran P. ; Smirnov, N. ; Smykov, L. P. ; Snellings, Raimond ; Solberg, K. ; Sowinski, James ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stephenson, Edward J. ; Stock, Reinhard ; Stolpovsky, Alexander ; Stone, N. ; Stone, R. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Stroebele, H. ; Struck, Christof ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Sugarbaker, Evan R. ; Suire, Christophe Pierre ; Symons, Timothy James MacNeil ; Takahashi, Jun ; Tang, Aihong ; Tarchini, A. ; Tarzian, J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tikhomirov, V. ; Toledo, Alejandro Szanto de ; Tonse, S. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tonjes, Marguerite Belt ; Trofimov, V. ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Turner, K. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Vakula, I. ; Van Buren, Gene ; VanderMolen, A. M. ; Vanyashin, A. ; Vasilevski, I. M. ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vigdor, Steven E. ; Visser, G. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vu, C. ; Wang, F. ; Ward, H. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Weidenbach, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wenaus, T. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Whitfield, J. P. ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wieman, Howard ; Willson, Robert ; Wilson, K. ; Wirth, Joana ; Wisdom, J. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wolf, J. ; Wood, L. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Z. ; Yakutin, A. E. ; Yamamoto, E. ; Yang, J. ; Yepes, Pablo P. ; Yokosawa, A. ; Yurevich, Vladimir Yurevich ; Zanevski, Y. V. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zimmerman, D. ; Zoulkarneev, R. ; Zubarev, A. N.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV using the STAR TPC at RHIC. The elliptic flow signal, v_2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
Elucidating the immune evasion mechanisms of borrelia mayonii, the causative agent of lyme disease
(2019)
Walter, Lea ; Sürth, Valerie ; Röttgerding, Florian ; Zipfel, Peter F. ; Fritz-Wolf, Karin ; Kraiczy, Peter
Borrelia (B.) mayonii sp. nov. has recently been reported as a novel human pathogenic spirochete causing Lyme disease (LD) in North America. Previous data reveal a higher spirochaetemia in the blood compared to patients infected by LD spirochetes belonging to the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex, suggesting that this novel genospecies must exploit strategies to overcome innate immunity, in particular complement. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of immune evasion, we utilized various methodologies to phenotypically characterize B. mayonii and to identify determinants involved in the interaction with complement. Employing serum bactericidal assays, we demonstrated that B. mayonii resists complement-mediated killing. To further elucidate the role of the key regulators of the alternative pathway (AP), factor H (FH), and FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1) in immune evasion of B. mayonii, serum adsorption experiments were conducted. The data revealed that viable spirochetes recruit both regulators from human serum and FH retained its factor I-mediated C3b-inactivating activity when bound to the bacterial cells. In addition, two prominent FH-binding proteins of approximately 30 and 18 kDa were detected in B. mayonii strain MN14-1420. Bioinformatics identified a gene, exhibiting 60% identity at the DNA level to the cspA encoding gene of B. burgdorferi. Following PCR amplification, the gene product was produced as a His-tagged protein. The CspA-orthologous protein of B. mayonii interacted with FH and FHL-1, and both bound regulators promoted inactivation of C3b in the presence of factor I. Additionally, the CspA ortholog counteracted complement activation by inhibiting the alternative and terminal but not the classical and Lectin pathways, respectively. Increasing concentrations of CspA of B. mayonii also strongly affected C9 polymerization, terminating the formation of the membrane attack complex. To assess the role of CspA of B. mayonii in facilitating serum resistance, a gain-of-function strain was generated, harboring a shuttle vector allowing expression of the CspA encoding gene under its native promotor. Spirochetes producing the native protein on the cell surface overcame complement-mediated killing, indicating that CspA facilitates serum resistance of B. mayonii. In conclusion, here we describe the molecular mechanism utilized by B. mayonii to resists complement-mediated killing by capturing human immune regulators.
Zhu, Yi ; Weiss, Tobias ; Zhang, Qiushi ; Sun, Rui ; Wang, Bo ; Yi, Xiao ; Wu, Zhicheng ; Gao, Huanhuan ; Cai, Xue ; Ruan, Guan ; Zhu, Tiansheng ; Xu, Chao ; Lou, Sai ; Yu, Xiaoyan ; Gillet, Ludovic ; Blattmann, Peter ; Saba, Karim ; Fankhauser, Christian D. ; Schmid, Michael B. ; Rutishauser, Dorothea ; Ljubicic, Jelena ; Christiansen, Ailsa ; Fritz, Christine ; Rupp, Niels Jan Felix ; Poyet, Cedric ; Rushing, Elisabeth ; Weller, Michael ; Roth, Patrick ; Haralambieva, Eugenia ; Hofer, Silvia ; Chen, Chen ; Jochum, Wolfram ; Gao, Xiaofei ; Teng, Xiaodong ; Chen, Lirong ; Zhong, Qing ; Wild, Peter Johannes ; Aebersold, Ruedi ; Guo, Tiannan
Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE ), biobanked tissue samples offer an invaluable resource for clinical and biomarker research. Here, we developed a pressure cycling technology (PCT )‐SWATH mass spectrometry workflow to analyze FFPE tissue proteomes and applied it to the stratification of prostate cancer (PC a) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL ) samples. We show that the proteome patterns of FFPE PC a tissue samples and their analogous fresh‐frozen (FF ) counterparts have a high degree of similarity and we confirmed multiple proteins consistently regulated in PC a tissues in an independent sample cohort. We further demonstrate temporal stability of proteome patterns from FFPE samples that were stored between 1 and 15 years in a biobank and show a high degree of the proteome pattern similarity between two types of histological regions in small FFPE samples, that is, punched tissue biopsies and thin tissue sections of micrometer thickness, despite the existence of a certain degree of biological variations. Applying the method to two independent DLBCL cohorts, we identified myeloperoxidase, a peroxidase enzyme, as a novel prognostic marker. In summary, this study presents a robust proteomic method to analyze bulk and biopsy FFPE tissues and reports the first systematic comparison of proteome maps generated from FFPE and FF samples. Our data demonstrate the practicality and superiority of FFPE over FF samples for proteome in biomarker discovery. Promising biomarker candidates for PC a and DLBCL have been discovered.
Lal, Dennis ; Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin ; Trucks, Holger ; Schulz, Herbert ; Kovel, Carolien G. de ; Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Dorothée G. ; Sonsma, Anja C. M. ; Koeleman, Bobby P. ; Lindhout, Dick ; Weber, Yvonne G. ; Lerche, Holger ; Kapser, Claudia ; Schankin, Christoph Josef ; Kunz, Wolfram S. ; Surges, Rainer ; Elger, Christian Erich ; Gaus, Verena ; Schmitz, Bettina ; Helbig, Ingo ; Muhle, Hiltrud ; Stephani, Ulrich ; Klein, Karl Martin ; Rosenow, Felix ; Neubauer, Bernd Axel ; Reinthaler, Eva Maria ; Zimprich, Fritz ; Feucht, Martha ; Møller, Rikke S. ; Hjalgrim, Helle ; Jonghe, Peter De ; Suls, Arvid ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Franke, Andre ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Gieger, Christian ; Schurmann, Claudia ; Schminke, Ulf ; Nürnberg, Peter ; Sander, Thomas
Genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) is the most common form of genetic epilepsy, accounting for 20% of all epilepsies. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) constitute important genetic risk factors of common GGE syndromes. In our present genome-wide burden analysis, large (≥ 400 kb) and rare (< 1%) autosomal microdeletions with high calling confidence (≥ 200 markers) were assessed by the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array in European case-control cohorts of 1,366 GGE patients and 5,234 ancestry-matched controls. We aimed to: 1) assess the microdeletion burden in common GGE syndromes, 2) estimate the relative contribution of recurrent microdeletions at genomic rearrangement hotspots and non-recurrent microdeletions, and 3) identify potential candidate genes for GGE. We found a significant excess of microdeletions in 7.3% of GGE patients compared to 4.0% in controls (P = 1.8 x 10-7; OR = 1.9). Recurrent microdeletions at seven known genomic hotspots accounted for 36.9% of all microdeletions identified in the GGE cohort and showed a 7.5-fold increased burden (P = 2.6 x 10-17) relative to controls. Microdeletions affecting either a gene previously implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (P = 8.0 x 10-18, OR = 4.6) or an evolutionarily conserved brain-expressed gene related to autism spectrum disorder (P = 1.3 x 10-12, OR = 4.1) were significantly enriched in the GGE patients. Microdeletions found only in GGE patients harboured a high proportion of genes previously associated with epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders (NRXN1, RBFOX1, PCDH7, KCNA2, EPM2A, RORB, PLCB1). Our results demonstrate that the significantly increased burden of large and rare microdeletions in GGE patients is largely confined to recurrent hotspot microdeletions and microdeletions affecting neurodevelopmental genes, suggesting a strong impact of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes in the pathogenesis of common GGE syndromes.
Tombach, Bernd ; Bohndorf, Klaus ; Brodtrager, Wolfgang ; Claussen, Claus D. ; Düber, Christoph ; Galanski, Michael ; Grabbe, Eckhardt ; Gortenuti, Giacomo ; Kuhn, Michael ; Gross-Fengels, Walter ; Hammerstingl, Renate Maria ; Happel, Brigitte ; Heinz-Peer, Gertraud ; Jung, Gregor ; Kittner, Thomas ; Lagalla, Roberto ; Lengsfeld, Philipp ; Loose, Reinhard ; Oyen, Raymond H. G. ; Pavlica, Pietro ; Pering, Christiane ; Pozzi-Mucelli, Roberto ; Persigehl, Thorsten ; Reimer, Peter ; Renken, Nomdo S. ; Richter, Götz M. ; Rummeny, Ernst J. ; Schäfer, Fritz ; Szczerbo-Trojanowska, Malgorzata ; Urbanik, Andrzej ; Vogl, Thomas J. ; Hajek, Paul
The purpose of this phase III clinical trial was to compare two different extracellular contrast agents, 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine, for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with known or suspected focal renal lesions. Using a multicenter, single-blind, interindividual, randomized study design, both contrast agents were compared in a total of 471 patients regarding their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to correctly classify focal lesions of the kidney. To test for noninferiority the diagnostic accuracy rates for both contrast agents were compared with CT results based on a blinded reading. The average diagnostic accuracy across the three blinded readers (‘average reader’) was 83.7% for gadobutrol and 87.3% for gadopentate dimeglumine. The increase in accuracy from precontrast to combined precontrast and postcontrast MRI was 8.0% for gadobutrol and 6.9% for gadopentate dimeglumine. Sensitivity of the average reader was 85.2% for gadobutrol and 88.7% for gadopentate dimeglumine. Specificity of the average reader was 82.1% for gadobutrol and 86.1% for gadopentate dimeglumine. In conclusion, this study documents evidence for the noninferiority of a single i.v. bolus injection of 1.0 M gadobutrol compared with 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine in the diagnostic assessment of renal lesions with CE-MRI.
Vasella, Mauro Giovanni ; Wagner, Ulrich ; Fritz-Kuisle, Christine ; Seidl, Kati ; Giudici, Luca ; Exner, Gerhard Ulrich ; Moch, Holger ; Wild, Peter Johannes ; Bode-Lasniewska, Beata
BCOR-rearranged sarcomas are rare and belong to the Ewing-like sarcomas (ELS). Their morphology and histopathological features make the diagnosis challenging. We present a case, initially diagnosed as an unusual extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC). A 54-year-old male patient developed an asymptomatic swelling of the lower leg. Imaging showed a 9.5-cm large intramuscular soft tissue mass. Due to its morphological and immunohistochemical profile on biopsy, it was initially diagnosed as an EMC. The patient was treated by complete resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and remained free of tumor at 7 years follow-up. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we retrospectively identified RGAG1-BCOR gene fusion (confirmed by RT-PCR), which has not been described in somatic soft tissue tumors so far. This finding broadens the spectrum of partner genes in the BCOR-rearranged sarcomas in a tumor with a well-documented, long clinical follow-up.
Bauer, Roland ; Lauer, Regina ; Linz, Birgit ; Pittner, Fritz ; Peschek, Günter A. ; Ecker, Gerhard F. ; Friedl, Peter ; Noe, Christian R.
The ability to permeate accross the blood brain barrier (BBB) is essential for drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, systems that allow rapid and inexpensive screening of the BBB-permeability properties of novel lead compounds are of great importance for speeding up the drug discovery process in the CNS-area. We used immortalized porcine brain microvessel endothelial cells (PBMECICl-2) to develop a model for measurement of blood-brain barrier permeation of CNS active drugs. Investigation of different cell culture conditions showed, that a system using C6 astrocyte glioma conditioned medium and addition of a cyclic AMP analog in combination with a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor (R020-1724) leads to cell layers with transendothelial electrical resistance values up to 300 Ω.cm2. Permeability studies with U-[14C]sucroseg ave a permeability coefficient Pe of 3.24 + 0.14 × 10−4 cm/min, which is in good agreement to published values and thus indicates the formation of tight junctions in vitro.
Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Brownfeld, Jessica M. ; Anney, Richard J. L. ; Bender, Patrick ; Bernier, Raphael ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Coon, Hilary ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Hallmayer, Joachim ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Pinto, Dalila ; Poustka, Fritz ; Scherer, Stephen W. ; Shih, Andy ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Szatmari, Peter ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Gallagher, Louise
Background: There is an urgent need for expanding and enhancing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples, in order to better understand causes of ASD.
Methods: In a unique public-private partnership, 13 sites with extensive experience in both the assessment and diagnosis of ASD embarked on an ambitious, 2-year program to collect samples for genetic and phenotypic research and begin analyses on these samples. The program was called The Autism Simplex Collection (TASC). TASC sample collection began in 2008 and was completed in 2010, and included nine sites from North America and four sites from Western Europe, as well as a centralized Data Coordinating Center.
Results: Over 1,700 trios are part of this collection, with DNA from transformed cells now available through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) measures are available for all probands, as are standardized IQ measures, Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales (VABS), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), and physical measures (height, weight, and head circumference). At almost every site, additional phenotypic measures were collected, including the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), as well as the non-word repetition scale, Communication Checklist (Children's or Adult), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Moreover, for nearly 1,000 trios, the Autism Genome Project Consortium (AGP) has carried out Illumina 1 M SNP genotyping and called copy number variation (CNV) in the samples, with data being made available through the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been carried out in over 500 probands, together with ancestry matched controls, and this data is also available through the NIH. Additional WES is being carried out by the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC), where the focus is on sequencing complete trios. ASC sequencing for the first 1,000 samples (all from whole-blood DNA) is complete and data will be released in 2014. Data is being made available through NIH databases (database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and National Database for Autism Research (NDAR)) with DNA released in Dist 11.0. Primary funding for the collection, genotyping, sequencing and distribution of TASC samples was provided by Autism Speaks and the NIH, including the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Human Genetics Research Institute (NHGRI).
Conclusions: TASC represents an important sample set that leverages expert sites. Similar approaches, leveraging expert sites and ongoing studies, represent an important path towards further enhancing available ASD samples.
Voskamp, Alke ; Fritz, Susanne A. ; Köcke, Anna Valerie ; Biber, Matthias ; Nogueira-Brockmeyer, Timo ; Bertzky, Bastian ; Forrest, Matthew ; Goldstein, Allie ; Henderson, Scott ; Hickler, Thomas ; Hof, Christian ; Kastner, Thomas ; Lang, Stefanie ; Manning, Peter ; Mascia, Michael B. ; McFadden, Ian R. ; Niamir, Aidin ; Noon, Monica ; O’Donell, Brian ; Opel, Mark ; Schwede, Georg ; West, Peyton ; Schenck, Christof ; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin
The establishment and maintenance of protected areas (PAs) is viewed as a key action in delivering post-2020 biodiversity targets. PAs often need to meet multiple objectives, ranging from biodiversity protection to ecosystem service provision and climate change mitigation, but available land and conservation funding is limited. Therefore, optimizing resources by selecting the most beneficial PAs is vital. Here, we advocate for a flexible and transparent approach to selecting protected areas based on multiple objectives, and illustrate this with a decision support tool on a global scale. The tool allows weighting and prioritization of different conservation objectives according to user-specified preferences, as well as real-time comparison of the selected areas that result from such different priorities. We apply the tool across 1347 terrestrial PAs and highlight frequent trade-offs among different objectives, e.g., between species protection and ecosystem integrity. Outputs indicate that decision makers frequently face trade-offs among conflicting objectives. Nevertheless, we show that transparent decision-support tools can reveal synergies and trade-offs associated with PA selection, thereby helping to illuminate and resolve land-use conflicts embedded in divergent societal and political demands and values.
Netz / Netzwerk / Vernetzung
(2019)
Netz, Netzwerk und Vernetzung sind zu Schlüsselbegriffen für die Wissensorganisation der Gegenwart geworden. Wir begegnen uns im Netz, sind vom Netz gefangen, abhängig, begeistert und vor allem mit und durch Netzwerke verbunden; wir flirten, streiten, kaufen dort. Unsere Kühlschränke befinden sich in regem Austausch mit unseren Autos, Nachttischlampen, Kaffeemaschinen sowie den Firmen und Regierungen, die sich für diese Datenflut begeistern können. Dass wir vernetzt sind, würde gemeinhin niemand mehr bestreiten. Doch der Hang zur Vernetzung geht über den Cyberspace hinaus. Denn nebenbei betreiben wir fleißig Networking, halten Ausschau nach wertvollen Kontakten, begreifen das Netzwerk als effiziente wie raumrelativierende Kooperationsform und kartographieren komplexe Abläufe mithilfe feingliedriger Netzwerkmodelle. Dieser Umstand hat in den letzten Jahren viele geisteswissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur Reflexion angestoßen. Peter Fritz geht im Folgenden hauptsächlich auf zwei neuere Studien (Alexander Friedrich: Metaphorologie der Vernetzung. Zur Theorie kultureller Leitmetaphern, Paderborn 2015; Sebastian Gießmann: Die Verbundenheit der Dinge. Eine Kulturgeschichte der Netze und Netzwerke, Berlin 2016) ein, die die Dominanz von Netzen und Netzwerken in der Gegenwart als Ausgangsbeobachtung wählen, aber unterschiedlich mit dieser Gegenwartsdiagnose umgehen.
Nishio, Katsuhisa ; Ikezoe, Hiroshi ; Hofmann, Sigurd ; Heßberger, Fritz Peter ; Ackermann, Dieter ; Antalic, Stanislav ; Aritomo, Yoshihiro ; Comas-Lijachev, Victor Fernandovich ; Düllmann, Christoph E. ; Gorshkov, Alexander ; Graeger, Reimar ; Heinz, Sophia ; Heredia Cardona, Julio Antonio ; Hirose, Kentarou ; Khuyagbaatar, Jadambaa ; Kindler, Birgit ; Kojouharov, Ivan ; Lommel, Bettina ; Makii, Hiroyuki ; Mann, Rido ; Mitsuoka, Shinichi ; Nagame, Yuichiro ; Nishinaka, Ichiro ; Ohtsuki, Tsutomu ; Popeko, Andrey G. ; Šaro, Štefan ; Schädel, Matthias ; Türler, Andreas ; Wakabayashi, Yasuo ; Watanabe, Yosuke ; Yakushev, Alexander ; Yeremin, Alexander V.
Fission fragment mass distributions were measured in heavy-ion induced fissions using 238U target nucleus. The measured mass distributions changed drastically with incident energy. The results are explained by a change of the ratio between fusion and qasifission with nuclear orientation. A calculation based on a fluctuation dissipation model reproduced the mass distributions and their incident energy dependence. Fusion probability was determined in the analysis, and the values were consistent with those determined from the evaporation residue cross sections.
Casey, Jillian P. ; Magalhães, Tiago R. ; Conroy, Judith M. ; Regan, Regina ; Shah, Naisha ; Anney, Richard ; Shields, Denis C. ; Abrahams, Brett S. ; Almeida, Joana ; Bacchelli, Elena ; Bailey, Anthony J. ; Baird, Gillian ; Battaglia, Agatino ; Berney, Tom ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Bolton, Patrick F. ; Bourgeron, Thomas ; Brennan, Sean ; Cali, Phil ; Correia, Catarina ; Corsello, Christina ; Coutanche, Marc ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Jonge, Maretha de ; Delorme, Richard ; Duketis, Eftichia ; Duque, Frederico ; Estes, Annette ; Farrar, Penny ; Fernandez, Bridget A. ; Folstein, Susan E. ; Foley, Suzanne ; Fombonne, Eric ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Gilbert, John ; Gillberg, Christopher ; Glessner, Joseph T. ; Green, Jonathan ; Guter, Stephen J. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Holt, Richard ; Hughes, Gillian ; Hus, Vanessa ; Igliozzi, Roberta ; Kim, Cecilia ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; Kolevzon, Alexander ; Lamb, Janine A. ; Leboyer, Marion ; Le Couteur, Ann ; Leventhal, Bennett L. ; Lord, Catherine ; Lund, Sabata C. ; Maestrini, Elena ; Mantoulan, Carine ; Marshall, Christian R. ; McConachie, Helen ; McDougle, Christopher J. ; McGrath, Jane ; McMahon, William M. ; Merikangas, Alison ; Miller, Judith ; Minopoli, Fiorella ; Mirza, Ghazala K. ; Munson, Jeff ; Nelson, Stanley F. ; Nygren, Gudrun ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Pagnamenta, Alistair T. ; Papanikolaou, Katerina ; Parr, Jeremy R. ; Parrini, Barbara ; Pickles, Andrew ; Pinto, Dalila ; Piven, Joseph ; Posey, David J. ; Poustka, Annemarie ; Poustka, Fritz ; Ragoussis, Jiannis ; Roge, Bernadette ; Rutter, Michael L. ; Sequeira, Ana F. ; Soorya, Latha ; Sousa, Inês ; Sykes, Nuala ; Stoppioni, Vera ; Tancredi, Raffaella ; Tauber, Maïté ; Thompson, Ann P. ; Thomson, Susanne ; Tsiantis, John ; Engeland, Herman van ; Vincent, John B. ; Volkmar, Fred ; Vorstman, Jacob A. S. ; Wallace, Simon ; Wang, Kai ; Wassink, Thomas H. ; White, Kathy ; Wing, Kirsty ; Wittemeyer, Kerstin ; Yaspan, Brian L. ; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie ; Betancur, Catalina ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Cantor, Rita M. ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Coon, Hilary ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Hallmayer, Joachim ; Monaco, Anthony P. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Scherer, Stephen W. ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Szatmari, Peter ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Wijsman, Ellen M. ; Green, Andrew ; Gill, Michael ; Gallagher, Louise ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Ennis, Sean
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data.
Anney, Richard ; Klei, Lambertus ; Pinto, Dalila ; Almeida, Joana ; Bacchelli, Elena ; Baird, Gillian ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Bölte, Sven ; Bolton, Patrick F. ; Bourgeron, Thomas ; Brennan, Sean ; Brian, Jessica ; Casey, Jillian ; Conroy, Judith ; Correia, Catarina ; Corsello, Christina ; Crawford, Emily L. ; Jonge, Maretha de ; Delorme, Richard ; Duketis, Eftichia ; Duque, Frederico ; Estes, Annette ; Farrar, Penny ; Fernandez, Bridget A. ; Folstein, Susan E. ; Fombonne, Eric ; Gilbert, John ; Gillberg, Christopher ; Glessner, Joseph T. ; Green, Andrew ; Green, Jonathan ; Guter, Stephen J. ; Heron, Elizabeth A. ; Holt, Richard ; Howe, Jennifer L. ; Hughes, Gillian ; Hus, Vanessa ; Igliozzi, Roberta ; Jacob, Suma ; Kenny, Graham P. ; Kim, Cecilia ; Kolevzon, Alexander ; Kustanovich, Vlad ; Lajonchere, Clara M. ; Lamb, Janine A. ; Law-Smith, Miriam ; Leboyer, Marion ; Le Couteur, Ann ; Leventhal, Bennett L. ; Liu, Xiao-Qing ; Lombard, Frances ; Lord, Catherine ; Lotspeich, Linda ; Lotspeich, Linda ; Lund, Sabata C. ; Magalhães, Tiago R. ; Mantoulan, Carine ; McDougle, Christopher J. ; Melhem, Nadine M. ; Merikangas, Alison ; Minshew, Nancy J. ; Mirza, Ghazala K. ; Munson, Jeff ; Noakes, Carolyn ; Nygren, Gudrun ; Papanikolaou, Katerina ; Pagnamenta, Alistair T. ; Parrini, Barbara ; Paton, Tara ; Paton, Tara ; Pickles, Andrew ; Posey, David J. ; Poustka, Fritz ; Ragoussis, Jiannis ; Regan, Regina ; Roberts, Wendy ; Roeder, Kathryn ; Roge, Bernadette ; Rutter, Michael L. ; Schlitt, Sabine ; Shah, Naisha ; Sheffield, Val C. ; Soorya, Latha ; Sousa, Inês ; Stoppioni, Vera ; Sykes, Nuala ; Tancredi, Raffaella ; Thompson, Ann P. ; Thomson, Susanne ; Tryfon, Ana ; Tsiantis, John ; Engeland, Herman van ; Vincent, John B. ; Volkmar, Fred ; Vorstman, JAS ; Wallace, Simon ; Wing, Kirsty ; Wittemeyer, Kerstin ; Wood, Shawn ; Zurawiecki, Danielle ; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie ; Bailey, Anthony J. ; Battaglia, Agatino ; Cantor, Rita M. ; Coon, Hilary ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Ennis, Sean ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; McMahon, William M. ; Maestrini, Elena ; Miller, Judith ; Monaco, Anthony P. ; Nelson, Stanley F. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Parr, Jeremy R. ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Piven, Joseph ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Scherer, Stephen W. ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Wassink, Thomas H. ; Wijsman, Ellen M. ; Betancur, Catalina ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Gallagher, Louise ; Gill, Michael ; Hallmayer, Joachim ; Paterson, Andrew D. ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Szatmari, Peter ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Devlin, Bernie
While it is apparent that rare variation can play an important role in the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the contribution of common variation to the risk of developing ASD is less clear. To produce a more comprehensive picture, we report Stage 2 of the Autism Genome Project genome-wide association study, adding 1301 ASD families and bringing the total to 2705 families analysed (Stages 1 and 2). In addition to evaluating the association of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we also sought evidence that common variants, en masse, might affect the risk. Despite genotyping over a million SNPs covering the genome, no single SNP shows significant association with ASD or selected phenotypes at a genome-wide level. The SNP that achieves the smallest P-value from secondary analyses is rs1718101. It falls in CNTNAP2, a gene previously implicated in susceptibility for ASD. This SNP also shows modest association with age of word/phrase acquisition in ASD subjects, of interest because features of language development are also associated with other variation in CNTNAP2. In contrast, allele scores derived from the transmission of common alleles to Stage 1 cases significantly predict case status in the independent Stage 2 sample. Despite being significant, the variance explained by these allele scores was small (Vm< 1%). Based on results from individual SNPs and their en masse effect on risk, as inferred from the allele score results, it is reasonable to conclude that common variants affect the risk for ASD but their individual effects are modest.
Anney, Richard ; Klei, Lambertus ; Pinto, Dalila ; Regan, Regina ; Conroy, Judith ; Magalhães, Tiago R. ; Correia, Catarina ; Abrahams, Brett S. ; Sykes, Nuala ; Pagnamenta, Alistair T. ; Almeida, Joana ; Bacchelli, Elena ; Bailey, Anthony J. ; Baird, Gillian ; Battaglia, Agatino ; Berney, Tom ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Bölte, Sven ; Bolton, Patrick F. ; Bourgeron, Thomas ; Brennan, Sean ; Brian, Jessica ; Carson, Andrew R. ; Casallo, Guillermo ; Casey, Jillian ; Chu, Su H. ; Cochrane, Lynne ; Corsello, Christina ; Crawford, Emily L. ; Crossett, Andrew ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Jonge, Maretha de ; Delorme, Richard ; Drmic, Irene ; Duketis, Eftichia ; Duque, Frederico ; Estes, Annette ; Farrar, Penny ; Fernandez, Bridget A. ; Folstein, Susan E. ; Fombonne, Eric ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Gilbert, John ; Gillberg, Christopher ; Glessner, Joseph T. ; Goldberg, Jeremy ; Green, Jonathan ; Guter, Stephen J. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Heron, Elizabeth A. ; Hill, Matthew ; Holt, Richard ; Howe, Jennifer L. ; Hughes, Gillian ; Hus, Vanessa ; Igliozzi, Roberta ; Kim, Cecilia ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; Kolevzon, Alexander ; Korvatska, Olena ; Kustanovich, Vlad ; Lajonchere, Clara M. ; Lamb, Janine A. ; Laskawiec, Magdalena ; Leboyer, Marion ; Le Couteur, Ann ; Leventhal, Bennett L. ; Lionel, Anath C. ; Liu, Xiao-Qing ; Lord, Catherine ; Lotspeich, Linda ; Lund, Sabata C. ; Maestrini, Elena ; Mahoney, William ; Mantoulan, Carine ; Marshall, Christian R. ; McConachie, Helen ; McDougle, Christopher J. ; McGrath, Jane ; McMahon, William M. ; Melhem, Nadine M. ; Merikangas, Alison ; Migita, Ohsuke ; Minshew, Nancy J. ; Mirza, Ghazala K. ; Munson, Jeff ; Nelson, Stanley F. ; Noakes, Carolyn ; Noor, Abdul ; Nygren, Gudrun ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Papanikolaou, Katerina ; Parr, Jeremy R. ; Parrini, Barbara ; Paton, Tara ; Pickles, Andrew ; Piven, Joseph ; Posey, David J. ; Poustka, Annemarie ; Poustka, Fritz ; Prasad, Aparna ; Ragoussis, Jiannis ; Renshaw, Katy ; Rickaby, Jessica ; Roberts, Wendy ; Roeder, Kathryn ; Roge, Bernadette ; Rutter, Michael L. ; Bierut, Laura Jean ; Rice, John P. ; Salt, Jeff ; Sansom, Katherine ; Sato, Daisuke ; Segurado, Ricardo ; Senman, Lili ; Shah, Naisha ; Sheffield, Val C. ; Soorya, Latha ; Sousa, Inês ; Stoppioni, Vera ; Strawbridge, Christina ; Tancredi, Raffaella ; Tansey, Katherine ; Thiruvahindrapduram, Bhooma ; Thompson, Ann P. ; Thomson, Susanne ; Tryfon, Ana ; Tsiantis, John ; Engeland, Herman van ; Vincent, John B. ; Volkmar, Fred ; Wallace, Simon ; Wang, Kai ; Wang, Zhouzhi ; Wassink, Thomas H. ; Wing, Kirsty ; Wittemeyer, Kerstin ; Wood, Shawn ; Yaspan, Brian L. ; Zurawiecki, Danielle ; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie ; Betancur, Catalina ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Cantor, Rita M. ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Coon, Hilary ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Gallagher, Louise ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Gill, Michael ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Miller, Judith ; Monaco, Anthony P. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Paterson, Andrew D. ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Scherer, Stephen W. ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Szatmari, Peter ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Wijsman, Ellen M. ; Devlin, Bernie ; Ennis, Sean ; Hallmayer, Joachim
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
Pinto, Dalila ; Delaby, Elsa ; Merico, Daniele ; Barbosa, Mafalda ; Merikangas, Alison ; Klei, Lambertus ; Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma ; Xu, Xiao ; Ziman, Robert ; Wang, Zhuozhi ; Vorstman, Jacob A. S. ; Thompson, Ann P. ; Regan, Regina ; Pilorge, Marion ; Pellecchia, Giovanna ; Pagnamenta, Alistair T. ; Oliveira, Bárbara ; Marshall, Christian R. ; Magalhães, Tiago R. ; Lowe, Jennifer K. ; Howe, Jennifer L. ; Griswold, Anthony J. ; Gilbert, John ; Duketis, Eftichia ; Dombroski, Beth A. ; Jonge, Maretha de ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Crawford, Emily L. ; Correia, Catarina T. ; Conroy, Judith ; Conceição, Inȇs C. ; Geburtig-Chiocchetti, Andreas ; Casey, Jillian P. ; Cai, Guiqing ; Cabrol, Christelle ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Bacchelli, Elena ; Anney, Richard ; Gallinger, Steven ; Cotterchio, Michelle ; Casey, Graham ; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie ; Wittemeyer, Kerstin ; Wing, Kirsty ; Wallace, Simon ; Engeland, Herman van ; Tryfon, Ana ; Thomson, Susanne ; Soorya, Latha ; Roge, Bernadette ; Roberts, Wendy ; Poustka, Fritz ; Mouga, Susana ; Minshew, Nancy J. ; McInnes, L. Alison ; McGrew, Susan G. ; Lord, Catherine ; Leboyer, Marion ; Le Couteur, Ann ; Kolevzon, Alexander ; González, Patricia Jiménez ; Jacob, Suma ; Holt, Richard ; Guter, Stephen J. ; Green, Jonathan ; Green, Andrew ; Gillberg, Christopher ; Fernandez, Bridget A. ; Duque, Frederico ; Delorme, Richard ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Chaste, Pauline ; Café, Cátia ; Brennan, Sean ; Bourgeron, Thomas ; Bolton, Patrick F. ; Bölte, Sven ; Bernier, Raphael ; Baird, Gillian ; Bailey, Anthony J. ; Anagnostou, Evdokia ; Almeida, Joana ; Wijsman, Ellen M. ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Paterson, Andrew D. ; Parr, Jeremy R. ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Monaco, Anthony P. ; Maestrini, Elena ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Folstein, Susan E. ; Ennis, Sean ; Coon, Hilary ; Battaglia, Agatino ; Szatmari, Peter ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Hallmayer, Joachim ; Gill, Michael ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Devlin, Bernie ; Gallagher, Louise ; Betancur, Catalina ; Scherer, Stephen W.
Rare copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed 2,446 ASD-affected families and confirmed an excess of genic deletions and duplications in affected versus control groups (1.41-fold, p = 1.0 × 10(-5)) and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio = 12.62, p = 2.7 × 10(-15), ∼3% of ASD subjects). Pathogenic CNVs, often showing variable expressivity, included rare de novo and inherited events at 36 loci, implicating ASD-associated genes (CHD2, HDAC4, and GDI1) previously linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as other genes such as SETD5, MIR137, and HDAC9. Consistent with hypothesized gender-specific modulators, females with ASD were more likely to have highly penetrant CNVs (p = 0.017) and were also overrepresented among subjects with fragile X syndrome protein targets (p = 0.02). Genes affected by de novo CNVs and/or loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants converged on networks related to neuronal signaling and development, synapse function, and chromatin regulation.
Pérez-Palma, Eduardo ; Helbig, Ingo ; Klein, Karl Martin ; Anttila, Verneri ; Horn, Heiko ; Reinthaler, Eva Maria ; Gormley, Padhraig ; Ganna, Andrea ; Byrnes, Andrea ; Pernhorst, Katharina ; Toliat, Mohammad Reza ; Saarentaus, Elmo ; Howrigan, Daniel P. ; Hoffman, Per ; Miquel, Juan Francisco ; De Ferrari, Giancarlo V. ; Nürnberg, Peter ; Lerche, Holger ; Zimprich, Fritz ; Neubauer, Bern A. ; Becker, Albert John ; Rosenow, Felix ; Perucca, Emilio ; Zara, Federico ; Weber, Yvonne G. ; Lal, Dennis
Background: Microdeletions are known to confer risk to epilepsy, particularly at genomic rearrangement ‘hotspot’ loci. However, microdeletion burden not overlapping these regions or within different epilepsy subtypes has not been ascertained.
Objective: To decipher the role of microdeletions outside hotspots loci and risk assessment by epilepsy subtype.
Methods: We assessed the burden, frequency and genomic content of rare, large microdeletions found in a previously published cohort of 1366 patients with genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) in addition to two sets of additional unpublished genome-wide microdeletions found in 281 patients with rolandic epilepsy (RE) and 807 patients with adult focal epilepsy (AFE), totalling 2454 cases. Microdeletions were assessed in a combined and subtype-specific approaches against 6746 controls.
Results: When hotspots are considered, we detected an enrichment of microdeletions in the combined epilepsy analysis (adjusted p=1.06×10−6,OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.35). Epilepsy subtype-specific analyses showed that hotspot microdeletions in the GGE subgroup contribute most of the overall signal (adjusted p=9.79×10−12, OR 7.45, 95% CI 4.20–13.5). Outside hotspots , microdeletions were enriched in the GGE cohort for neurodevelopmental genes (adjusted p=9.13×10−3,OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.62–4.94). No additional signal was observed for RE and AFE. Still, gene-content analysis identified known (NRXN1, RBFOX1 and PCDH7) and novel (LOC102723362) candidate genes across epilepsy subtypes that were not deleted in controls.
Conclusions: Our results show a heterogeneous effect of recurrent and non-recurrent microdeletions as part of the genetic architecture of GGE and a minor contribution in the aetiology of RE and AFE.
Ablikim, Medina ; Achasov, Mikhail N. ; Adlarson, Patrik ; Ahmed, Samer ; Albrecht, Malte ; Amoroso, Antonio ; An, Qi ; Anita ; Bai, Yu ; Bakina, Olga ; Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo ; Balossino, Ilaria ; Ban, Yong ; Begzsuren, Khurelbaatar ; Bennett, Jake V. ; Berger, Niklaus ; Bertani, Monica ; Bettoni, Diego ; Bianchi, Fabrizio ; Biernat, Jacek ; Bloms, Johannes ; Bortone, Alberto ; Boyko, Igor R. ; Briere, Roy A. ; Cai, Hao ; Cai, Xiao ; Calcaterra, Alessandro ; Cao, G. F. ; Cao, N. ; Çetin, Serkant Ali ; Chang, Jinfan ; Chang, W. L. ; Chelkov, Gueorgui A. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Chen, G. ; Chen, Hesheng ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, S. J. ; Chen, X. R. ; Chen, Yuanbo ; Cheng, W. ; Cibinetto, Gianluigi ; Cossio, Fabio ; Cui, X. F. ; Dai, Hongliang ; Dai, J. P. ; Dai, Xinchen ; Dbeyssi, Alaa ; de Boer, R. B. ; Dedovich, Dmitri V. ; Deng, Ziyan ; Denig, Achim ; Denysenko, Igor ; Destefanis, Marco Giovanni Maria ; De Mori, Francesca ; Ding, Yanchun ; Dong, C. ; Dong, J. ; Dong, Liaoyuan ; Dong, Mingyi ; Du, Shuxian ; Fang, J. ; Fang, Shuangshi ; Fang, Y. ; Farinelli, Riccardo ; Fava, Luciano ; Feldbauer, Florian ; Felici, Giulietto ; Feng, C. Q. ; Fritsch, Miriam ; Fu, Chengdong ; Fu, Y. ; Gao, X. L. ; Gao, Y. ; Gao, Y. ; Gao, Y. G. ; Garzia, Isabella ; Gersabeck, Evelina ; Gilman, A. ; Götzen, Klaus ; Gong, L. ; Gong, Wenxuan ; Gradl, Wolfgang ; Greco, M. ; Gu, L. M. ; Gu, Minhao ; Gu, S. ; Gu, Y. T. ; Guan, C. Y. ; Guo, Aiqiang ; Guo, L. B. ; Guo, R. P. ; Guo, Yuping ; Guo, Yuping ; Guskov, Alexey ; Han, S. ; Han, T. T. ; Han, T. Z. ; Hao, Xiqing ; Harris, Frederick Allan ; He, K. L. ; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert ; Held, T. ; Heng, Yuekun ; Himmelreich, Mathilde ; Holtmann, Tobias ; Hou, Y. R. ; Hou, Zhilong ; Hu, Haiming ; Hu, J. F. ; Hu, T. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, G. S. ; Huang, L. Q. ; Huang, X. T. ; Huang, Z. ; Huesken, Nils ; Hussain, Tahir ; Ikegami Andersson, Walter ; Imoehl, William ; Irshad, M. ; Jaeger, S. ; Janchiv, S. ; Ji, Quan ; Ji, Qingping ; Ji, X. B. ; Ji, X. L. ; Jiang, H. B. ; Jiang, Xiaoshan ; Jiang, X. Y. ; Jiao, J. B. ; Jiao, Z. ; Jin, Shan ; Jin, Y. ; Johansson, Tord ; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Nasser ; Kang, X. S. ; Kappert, Rosa ; Kavatsyuk, Myroslav O. ; Ke, B. C. ; Keshk, I. K. ; Khoukaz, Alfons ; Kiese, P. ; Kiuchi, R. ; Kliemt, Ralf ; Koch, L. ; Kolcu, Onur Bugra ; Kopf, Bertram ; Kuemmel, M. ; Küßner, Meike ; Kupsc, Andrzej ; Kurth, M. G. ; Kühn, Wolfgang ; Lane, John Jake ; Lange, Jens Sören ; Larin, Paul ; Lavezzi, Lia ; Leithoff, Hans Heinrich ; Lellmann, Max ; Lenz, Thomas ; Li, C. ; Li, C. H. ; Li, Cheng ; Li, D. M. ; Li, F. ; Li, G. ; Li, Haibo ; Li, H. J. ; Li, J. L. ; Li, J. Q. ; Li, Ke ; Li, L. K. ; Li, Lei ; Li, P. L. ; Li, P. R. ; Li, S. Y. ; Li, Weidong ; Li, Weiguo ; Li, X. H. ; Li, Xing Long ; Li, Z. B. ; Li, Z. Y. ; Liang, H. ; Liang, H. ; Liang, Y. F. ; Liang, Y. T. ; Liao, L. Z. ; Libby, J. ; Lin, C. X. ; Liu, B. ; Liu, B. J. ; Liu, C. X. ; Liu, D. ; Liu, D. Y. ; Liu, Fu-Hu ; Liu, Fang ; Liu, Feng ; Liu, H. B. ; Liu, H. M. ; Liu, Huanhuan ; Liu, Huihui ; Liu, J. B. ; Liu, J. Y. ; Liu, K. ; Liu, K. Y. ; Liu, Ke ; Liu, L. ; Liu, L. Y. ; Liu, Q. ; Liu, S. B. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. B. ; Liu, Zhen-An ; Liu, Z. Q. ; Long, Y. F. ; Lou, Xinchou ; Lu, H. J. ; Lu, J. D. ; Lu, Junguang ; Lu, X. L. ; Lu, Y. ; Lu, Yunpeng ; Luo, Chenglin ; Luo, M. X. ; Luo, P. W. ; Luo, T. ; Luo, X. L. ; Lusso, S. ; Lyu, Xiao-Rui ; Ma, Fengcai ; Ma, H. L. ; Ma, Lianliang ; Ma, M. M. ; Ma, Qiumei ; Ma, R. Q. ; Ma, R. T. ; Ma, X. N. ; Ma, X. X. ; Ma, Xiaoyan ; Ma, Y. M. ; Maas, Frank E. ; Maggiora, Marco ; Maldaner, Stephan ; Malde, Sneha ; Malik, Qadeer Afzal ; Mangoni, Alessio ; Mao, Yajun ; Mao, Zepu ; Marcello, Simonetta ; Meng, Z. X. ; Messchendorp, Johannes Gerhardus ; Mezzadri, Giulio ; Min, T. J. ; Mitchell, Ryan Edward ; Mo, Xiaohu ; Mo, Y. J. ; Muchnoi, Nikolai Yu. ; Muramatsu, Hajime ; Nakhoul, Simon ; Nefedov, Yury ; Nerling, Frank ; Nikolaev, Ivan Borisovich ; Ning, Z. ; Nisar, Shabana ; Olsen, Stephen L. ; Ouyang, Qun ; Pacetti, Simone ; Pan, Y. ; Papenbrock, Michael ; Pathak, A. ; Patteri, Piero ; Pelizäus, Marc ; Peng, H. P. ; Peters, Klaus ; Pettersson, J. ; Ping, J. L. ; Ping, R. G. ; Pitka, A. ; Poling, Ronald ; Prasad, Vindhyawasini ; Qi, H. ; Qi, H. R. ; Qi, Ming ; Qi, T. Y. ; Qian, S. ; Qian, W.-B. ; Qiao, Congfeng ; Qin, L. Q. ; Qin, X. P. ; Qin, X. S. ; Qin, Zhonghua ; Qiu, Jinfa ; Qu, S. Q. ; Rashid, K. H. ; Ravindran, Krishnakumar ; Redmer, Christoph Florian ; Rivetti, Angelo ; Rodin, Viktor ; Da Rocha Rolo, Manuel Dionisio ; Rong, Gang ; Rosner, Christoph ; Rump, Marcel Andre ; Sarantsev, Andrei V. ; Savrié, Mauro ; Schelhaas, Yasemin ; Schnier, Claudius ; Schönning, Karin ; Shan, Wei ; Shan, Xinyu ; Shao, M. ; Shen, C. P. ; Shen, P. X. ; Shen, X. Y. ; Shi, H. C. ; Shi, R. S. ; Shi, X. ; Shi, X. D. ; Song, J. J. ; Song, Q. Q. ; Song, Y. X. ; Sosio, Stefano ; Spataro, Stefano ; Sui, F. F. ; Sun, Gongxing ; Sun, J. F. ; Sun, L. ; Sun, S. S. ; Sun, T. ; Sun, W. Y. ; Sun, Y. J. ; Sun, Y. K. ; Sun, Y. Z. ; Sun, Z. T. ; Tan, Y. X. ; Tang, C. J. ; Tang, G. Y. ; Tang, J. ; Thoren, Viktor ; Tsednee, B. ; Uman, Ismail ; Wang, B. ; Wang, B. L. ; Wang, C. W. ; Wang, D. Y. ; Wang, H. P. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, L. L. ; Wang, M. ; Wang, M. Z. ; Wang, Meng ; Wang, W. P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, X. F. ; Wang, X. L. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. D. ; Wang, Y. F. ; Wang, Y. Q. ; Wang, Z. ; Wang, Zongyuan ; Wang, Ziyi ; Wang, Zongyuan ; Weber, T. ; Wei, D. H. ; Weidenkaff, Peter ; Weidner, Frederik ; Wen, H. W. ; Wen, Shuopin ; White, D. J. ; Wiedner, Ulrich ; Wilkinson, Guy ; Wolke, Magnus ; Wollenberg, Leonard ; Wu, J. F. ; Wu, L. H. ; Wu, L. J. ; Wu, X. ; Wu, Z. ; Xia, Lei ; Xiao, H. ; Xiao, S. Y. ; Xiao, Y. J. ; Xiao, Zhenjun ; Xie, X. H. ; Xie, Y. G. ; Xie, Y. H. ; Xing, T. Y. ; Xiong, X. A. ; Xu, Guofa ; Xu, J. J. ; Xu, Q. J. ; Xu, W. ; Xu, Xinping ; Yan, L. ; Yan, L. ; Yan, W. B. ; Yan, W. C. ; Yang, H. J. ; Yang, Hongxun ; Yang, L. ; Yang, R. X. ; Yang, S. L. ; Yang, Y. H. ; Yang, Yongxu ; Yang, Yifan ; Yang, Zhi ; Ye, M. ; Ye, Minghan ; Yin, J. H. ; You, Z. Y. ; Yu, Boxiang ; Yu, C. X. ; Yu, G. ; Yu, J. S. ; Yu, T. ; Yuan, Chang-Zheng ; Yuan, W. ; Yuan, X. Q. ; Yuan, Y. ; Yue, C. X. ; Yüncü, Alperen ; Zafar, A. A. ; Zeng, Y. ; Zhang, B. X. ; Zhang, Guangyi ; Zhang, H. H. ; Zhang, Hongyu ; Zhang, J. L. ; Zhang, J. Q. ; Zhang, J. W. ; Zhang, Jianyong ; Zhang, J. Z. ; Zhang, Jianyu ; Zhang, Jiawei ; Zhang, L. ; Zhang, Lei ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. F. ; Zhang, T. J. ; Zhang, X. Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. H. ; Zhang, Y. T. ; Zhang, Yan ; Zhang, Yao ; Zhang, Yi ; Zhang, Z. H. ; Zhang, Z. Y. ; Zhao, G. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, J. Y. ; Zhao, J. Z. ; Zhao, Lei ; Zhao, Ling ; Zhao, Ming-Gang ; Zhao, Q. ; Zhao, Shujun ; Zhao, Yubin ; Zhao Zhao, Y. X. ; Zhao, Zhengguo ; Zhemchugov, Alexey ; Zheng, B. ; Zheng, Jianping ; Zheng, Y. ; Zheng, Y. H. ; Zhong, B. ; Zhong, C. ; Zhou, L. P. ; Zhou, Q. ; Zhou, X. ; Zhou, X. K. ; Zhou, X. R. ; Zhu, A. N. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zhu, K. ; Zhu, Kejun ; Zhu, S. H. ; Zhu, W. J. ; Zhu, X. L. ; Zhu, Y. C. ; Zhu, Zian ; Zou, B. S. ; Zou, Jiaheng
We report a measurement of the observed cross sections of e+ e− → J/ψX based on 3.21 fb − 1 of data accumulated at energies from 3.645 to 3.891 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider. In analysis of the cross sections, we measured the decay branching fractions of B(ψ(3686) → J/ψX) = (64.4 ± 0.6 ± 1.6)% and B(ψ(3770) → J/ψX) = (0.5 ± 0.2 ± 0.1)% for the first time. The energy-dependent line shape of these cross sections cannot be well described by two Breit-Wigner (BW) amplitudes of the expected decays ψ (3686) → J/ψX and ψ(3770) → J/ψX. Instead, it can be better described with one more BW amplitude of the decay R(3760)→ J/ψX. Under this assumption, we extracted the R (3760) mass M R (3760 ) = 3766.2 ± 3.8 ± 0.4 MeV/c2, total width Γ tot R ( 3760 ) = 22.2 ± 5.9 ± 1.4 MeV, and product of leptonic width and decay branching fraction
ΓeeR(3760) B[R(3760) → J/ψX] = (79.4 ± 85.5 ± 11.7) eV. The significance of the R(3760) is 5.3σ. The first uncertainties of these measured quantities are from fits to the cross sections and second systematic.
Ablikim, Medina ; Achasov, Mikhail N. ; Adlarson, Patrik ; Ahmed, Samer ; Albrecht, Malte ; Aliberti, Riccardo ; Amoroso, Antonio ; An, M. R. ; An, Qi ; Bai, X. H. ; Bai, Yu ; Bakina, Olga ; Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo ; Balossino, Ilaria ; Ban, Yong ; Begzsuren, Khurelbaatar ; Berger, Niklaus ; Bertani, Monica ; Bettoni, Diego ; Bianchi, Fabrizio ; Biernat, Jacek ; Bloms, Johannes ; Bortone, Alberto ; Boyko, Igor R. ; Briere, Roy A. ; Cai, Hao ; Cai, Xiao ; Calcaterra, Alessandro ; Cao, G. F. ; Cao, N. ; Çetin, Serkant Ali ; Chang, Jinfan ; Chang, W. L. ; Chelkov, Gueorgui A. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Chen, G. ; Chen, Hesheng ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, S. J. ; Chen, X. R. ; Chen, Yuanbo ; Chen, Z. J. ; Cheng, W. S. ; Cibinetto, Gianluigi ; Cossio, Fabio ; Cui, X. F. ; Dai, Hongliang ; Dai, Xinchen ; Dbeyssi, Alaa ; Boer, Remco E. de ; Dedovich, Dmitri V. ; Deng, Ziyan ; Denig, Achim ; Denysenko, Igor ; Destefanis, Marco Giovanni Maria ; De Mori, Francesca ; Ding, Yanchun ; Dong, C. ; Dong, J. ; Dong, Liaoyuan ; Dong, Mingyi ; Dong, X. ; Du, Shuxian ; Fan, Y. L. ; Fang, J. ; Fang, Shuangshi ; Fang, Y. ; Farinelli, Riccardo ; Fava, Luciano ; Feldbauer, Florian ; Felici, Giulietto ; Feng, C. Q. ; Feng, J. H. ; Fritsch, Miriam ; Fu, Chengdong ; Gao, Y. ; Gao, Y. ; Gao, Y. ; Gao, Y. G. ; Garzia, Isabella ; Ge, P. T. ; Geng, C. ; Gersabeck, Evelina ; Gilman, A. ; Götzen, Klaus ; Gong, L. ; Gong, Wenxuan ; Gradl, Wolfgang ; Greco, M. ; Gu, L. M. ; Gu, Minhao ; Gu, S. ; Gu, Y. T. ; Guan, C. Y. ; Guo, Aiqiang ; Guo, L. B. ; Guo, R. P. ; Guo, Yuping ; Guskov, Alexey ; Han, T. T. ; Han, W. Y. ; Hao, Xiqing ; Harris, Frederick Allan ; Hüsken, Nils ; He, K. L. ; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert ; Heinz, C. H. ; Held, T. ; Heng, Yuekun ; Herold, Christoph ; Himmelreich, Mathilde ; Holtmann, Tobias ; Hou, G. Y. ; Hou, Y. R. ; Hou, Zhilong ; Hu, Haiming ; Hu, J. F. ; Hu, T. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, G. S. ; Huang, L. Q. ; Huang, X. T. ; Huang, Y. P. ; Huang, Z. ; Hussain, Tahir ; Ikegami Andersson, Walter ; Imoehl, William ; Irshad, M. ; Jaeger, S. ; Janchiv, S. ; Ji, Quan ; Ji, Qingping ; Ji, X. B. ; Ji, X. L. ; Ji, Y. Y. ; Jiang, H. B. ; Jiang, Xiaoshan ; Jiao, J. B. ; Jiao, Z. ; Jin, Shan ; Jin, Y. ; Jing, M. Q. ; Johansson, Tord ; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Nasser ; Kang, X. S. ; Kappert, Rosa ; Kavatsyuk, Myroslav O. ; Ke, B. C. ; Keshk, I. K. ; Khoukaz, Alfons ; Kiese, P. ; Kiuchi, R. ; Kliemt, Ralf ; Koch, L. ; Kolcu, Onur Bugra ; Kopf, Bertram ; Kuemmel, M. ; Küßner, Meike ; Kupsc, Andrzej ; Kurth, M. G. ; Kühn, Wolfgang ; Lane, John Jake ; Lange, Jens Sören ; Larin, Paul ; Lavania, Anita ; Lavezzi, Lia ; Lei, Z. H. ; Leithoff, Hans Heinrich ; Lellmann, Max ; Lenz, Thomas ; Li, C. ; Li, C. H. ; Li, Cheng ; Li, D. M. ; Li, F. ; Li, G. ; Li, H. ; Li, H. ; Li, Haibo ; Li, H. J. ; Li, J. L. ; Li, J. Q. ; Li, J. S. ; Li, Ke ; Li, L. K. ; Li, Lei ; Li, P. R. ; Li, S. Y. ; Li, Weidong ; Li, Weiguo ; Li, X. H. ; Li, Xing Long ; Li, Xiaoyu ; Li, Z. Y. ; Liang, H. ; Liang, H. ; Liang, H. ; Liang, Y. F. ; Liang, Y. T. ; Liao, G. R. ; Liao, L. Z. ; Libby, J. ; Lin, C. X. ; Liu, B. J. ; Liu, C. X. ; Liu, D. ; Liu, Fu-Hu ; Liu, Fang ; Liu, Feng ; Liu, H. B. ; Liu, H. M. ; Liu, Huanhuan ; Liu, Huihui ; Liu, J. B. ; Liu, J. L. ; Liu, J. Y. ; Liu, K. ; Liu, K. Y. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, M. H. ; Liu, P. L. ; Liu, Q. ; Liu, Q. ; Liu, S. B. ; Liu, Shuai ; Liu, T. ; Liu, W. M. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Y. B. ; Liu, Zhen-An ; Liu, Z. Q. ; Lou, Xinchou ; Lu, F. X. ; Lu, F. X. ; Lu, H. J. ; Lu, J. D. ; Lu, Junguang ; Lu, X. L. ; Lu, Y. ; Lu, Yunpeng ; Luo, Chenglin ; Luo, M. X. ; Luo, P. W. ; Luo, Tao ; Luo, X. L. ; Lusso, S. ; Lyu, Xiao-Rui ; Ma, Fengcai ; Ma, Hailong ; Ma, Lianliang ; Ma, M. M. ; Ma, Qiumei ; Ma, R. Q. ; Ma, R. T. ; Ma, X. X. ; Ma, Xiaoyan ; Maas, Frank E. ; Maggiora, Marco ; Maldaner, Stephan ; Malde, Sneha ; Malik, Qadeer Afzal ; Mangoni, Alessio ; Mao, Yajun ; Mao, Zepu ; Marcello, Simonetta ; Meng, Z. X. ; Messchendorp, Johannes Gerhardus ; Mezzadri, Giulio ; Min, T. J. ; Mitchell, Ryan Edward ; Mo, Xiaohu ; Mo, Y. J. ; Muchnoi, Nikolai Yu. ; Muramatsu, Hajime ; Nakhoul, Simon ; Nefedov, Yury ; Nerling, Frank ; Nikolaev, Ivan Borisovich ; Ning, Z. ; Nisar, Shabana ; Olsen, Stephen L. ; Ouyang, Qun ; Pacetti, Simone ; Pan, Xiang ; Pan, Y. ; Pathak, A. ; Patteri, Piero ; Pelizäus, Marc ; Peng, H. P. ; Peters, Klaus ; Pettersson, J. ; Ping, J. L. ; Ping, R. G. ; Poling, Ronald ; Prasad, Vindhyawasini ; Qi, H. ; Qi, H. R. ; Qi, K. H. ; Qi, Ming ; Qi, T. Y. ; Qi, T. Y. ; Qian, S. ; Qian, W. B. ; Qian, Z. ; Qiao, Congfeng ; Qin, L. Q. ; Qin, X. P. ; Qin, X. S. ; Qin, Zhonghua ; Qiu, Jinfa ; Qu, S. Q. ; Rashid, K. H. ; Ravindran, Krishnakumar ; Redmer, Christoph Florian ; Rivetti, Angelo ; Rodin, Viktor ; Da Rocha Rolo, Manuel Dionisio ; Rong, Gang ; Rosner, Christoph ; Rump, Marcel Andre ; Sang, H. S. ; Sarantsev, Andrei V. ; Schelhaas, Yasemin ; Schnier, Claudius ; Schönning, Karin ; Scodeggio, Marco ; Shan, D. C. ; Shan, Wei ; Shan, Xinyu ; Shangguan, J. F. ; Shao, M. ; Shen, C. P. ; Shen, H. F. ; Shen, P. X. ; Shen, X. Y. ; Shi, H. C. ; Shi, R. S. ; Shi, X. ; Shi, X. D. ; Song, J. J. ; Song, W. M. ; Song, Y. X. ; Sosio, Stefano ; Spataro, Stefano ; Su, K. X. ; Su, P. P. ; Sui, F. F. ; Sun, Gongxing ; Sun, H. K. ; Sun, J. F. ; Sun, L. ; Sun, S. S. ; Sun, T. ; Sun, W. Y. ; Sun, W. Y. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. J. ; Sun, Y. K. ; Sun, Y. Z. ; Sun, Z. T. ; Tan, Y. H. ; Tan, Y. X. ; Tang, C. J. ; Tang, G. Y. ; Tang, J. ; Teng, J. X. ; Thoren, Viktor ; Tian, W. H. ; Uman, Ismail ; Wang, B. ; Wang, C. W. ; Wang, D. Y. ; Wang, H. J. ; Wang, H. P. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, L. L. ; Wang, M. ; Wang, M. 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A. ; Zeng ; Zeng, Y. ; Zhang, A. Q. ; Zhang, B. X. ; Zhang, Guangyi ; Zhang, Haitao ; Zhang, H. H. ; Zhang, H. H. ; Zhang, Hongyu ; Zhang, J. J. ; Zhang, Jielei ; Zhang, J. Q. ; Zhang, J. W. ; Zhang, Jianyong ; Zhang, J. Z. ; Zhang, Jianyu ; Zhang, Jiawei ; Zhang, L. Q. ; Zhang, Lei ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. F. ; Zhang, Shulei ; Zhang, X. D. ; Zhang, X. Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. H. ; Zhang, Y. T. ; Zhang, Yan ; Zhang, Yao ; Zhang, Yi ; Zhang, Z. H. ; Zhang, Z. Y. ; Zhao, G. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, J. Y. ; Zhao, J. Z. ; Zhao, Lei ; Zhao, Ling ; Zhao, Ming-Gang ; Zhao, Q. ; Zhao, Shujun ; Zhao, Yubin ; Zhao, Y. X. ; Zhao, Zhengguo ; Zhemchugov, Alexey ; Zheng, B. ; Zheng, Jianping ; Zheng, Y. ; Zheng, Y. H. ; Zhong, B. ; Zhong, C. ; Zhou, L. P. ; Zhou, Q. ; Zhou, X. ; Zhou, X. K. ; Zhou, X. R. ; Zhu, A. N. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zhu, K. ; Zhu, Kejun ; Zhu, S. H. ; Zhu, T. J. ; Zhu, W. J. ; Zhu, W. J. ; Zhu, Y. C. ; Zhu, Zian ; Zou, B. S. ; Zou, Jiaheng
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.600 GeV, we study the process eþe− → π0Xð3872Þγ and search for Zcð4020Þ0 → Xð3872Þγ. We find no significant signal and set upper limits on σðeþe− → π0Xð3872ÞγÞ · BðXð3872Þ → πþπ−J=ψÞ and σðeþe− → π0Zcð4020Þ0Þ · BðZcð4020Þ0 → Xð3872ÞγÞ · BðXð3872Þ → πþπ−J=ψÞ for each energy point at 90% confidence level, which is of the order of several tenths pb.