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Background: To assess the influence of ridge preservation procedures on the healing of extraction sockets under antiresorptive therapy.
Material and Methods: A total of 10 Dutch Belted rabbits were randomly allocated to either the intravenous administration of amino‐bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid) (Za) (n = 5) or a negative control group (no Za [nZa]) (n = 5). At 6 months, the mandibular and maxillary molars were extracted and the four experimental sites randomly allocated to the following subgroups: (a) socket grafting using a collagen‐coated natural bone mineral (BOC) + primary wound closure, (b) coronectomy (CO), or (c) spontaneous healing + primary wound closure (SP). Za medication was continued for another 4 months. Histomorphometrical analyses considered, for example, crestal hard tissue closure of the extraction site (C) and mineralized tissue (MT) formation.
Results: Za‐SP was associated with an incomplete median C (31.76% vs 100% in nZa‐SP) and signs of bone arrosion along the confines of the socket. BOC had no major effects on increases in C and MT values in the Za group. CO commonly resulted in an encapsulation and partial replacement resorption of residual roots by MT without any histological signs of osteonecrosis.
Conclusions: (a) Za‐SP was commonly associated with a compromised socket healing and signs of osteonecrosis, (b) BOC had no major effect on socket healing in the Za group, and (c) CO at noninfected teeth might be a feasible measure for the prevention of a Za‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Poster Presentation from Nineteenth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2010 San Antonio, TX, USA. 24-30 July 2010 Statistical models of neural activity are at the core of the field of modern computational neuroscience. The activity of single neurons has been modeled to successfully explain dependencies of neural dynamics to its own spiking history, to external stimuli or other covariates [1]. Recently, there has been a growing interest in modeling spiking activity of a population of simultaneously recorded neurons to study the effects of correlations and functional connectivity on neural information processing (existing models include generalized linear models [2,3] or maximum-entropy approaches [4]). For point-process-based models of single neurons, the time-rescaling theorem has proven to be a useful toolbox to assess goodness-of-fit. In its univariate form, the time-rescaling theorem states that if the conditional intensity function of a point process is known, then its inter-spike intervals can be transformed or “rescaled” so that they are independent and exponentially distributed [5]. However, the theorem in its original form lacks sensitivity to detect even strong dependencies between neurons. Here, we present how the theorem can be extended to be applied to neural population models and we provide a step-by-step procedure to perform the statistical tests. We then apply both the univariate and multivariate tests to simplified toy models, but also to more complicated many-neuron models and to neuronal populations recorded in V1 of awake monkey during natural scenes stimulation. We demonstrate that important features of the population activity can only be detected using the multivariate extension of the test. ...
Objective: To assess the influence of biphasic calcium phosphate materials with different surface topographies on bone formation and osseointegration of titanium implants in standardized alveolar ridge defects.
Materials and methods: Standardized alveolar ridge defects (6 × 6 mm) were created in the mandible of 8 minipigs and filled with three biphasic calcium phosphate materials (BCP1–3, 90% tricalcium phosphate/10% hydroxyapatite) with different surface properties (micro- and macroporosities) as well as a bovine-derived natural bone mineral (NBM) as a control. At 12 weeks, implants were placed into the augmented defects. After further 8 weeks of healing, dissected blocks were processed for histological analysis (e.g., mineralized (MT), residual bone graft material (BS), bone-to-implant contact (BIC)).
Results: All four biomaterials showed well-integrated graft particles and new bone formation within the defect area. MT values were comparable in all groups. BS values were highest in the NBM group (21.25 ± 13.52%) and markedly reduced in the different BCP groups, reaching statistical significance at BCP1-treated sites (9.2 ± 3.28%). All test and control groups investigated revealed comparable and statistically not significant different BIC values, ranging from 73.38 ± 20.5% (BCP2) to 84.11 ± 7.84% (BCP1), respectively.
Conclusion* All bone graft materials facilitated new bone formation and osseointegration after 12 + 8 weeks of healing.
Using the NA49 main TPC, the central production of hyperons has been measured in CERN SPS Pb - Pb collisions at 158 GeV c-1. The preliminary ratio, studied at 2.0 < y < 2.6 and 1 < pT < 3 GeV c-1, equals ~ (13 ± 4)% (systematic error only). It is compatible, within errors, with the previously obtained ratios for central S + S [1], S + W [2], and S + Au [3] collisions. The fit to the transverse momentum distribution resulted in an inverse slope parameter T of 297 MeV. At this level of statistics we do not see any noticeable enhancement of hyperon production with the increased volume (and, possibly, degree of equilibration) of the system from S + S to Pb + Pb. This result is unexpected and counterintuitive, and should be further investigated. If confirmed, it will have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms leading to the enhanced strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions.
Preliminary data on phi production in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon are presented, measured by the NA49 experiment in the hadronic decay channel phi - K+K-. At mid-rapidity, the kaons were separated from pions and protons by combining dE/dx and time-of-flight information; in the forward rapidity range only dE/dx identification was used to obtain the rapidity distribution and a rapidity-integrated mt-spectrum. The mid-rapidity yield obtained was dN/dy = 1.85 ± 0.3 per event; the total phi multiplicity was estimated to be 5.0 ± 0.7 per event. Comparison with published pp data shows a slight, but not very significant strangeness enhancement.
Lambda and Antilambda reconstruction in central Pb+Pb collisions using a time projection chamber
(1997)
The large acceptance time projection chambers of the NA49 experiment are used to record the trajectory of charged particles from Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon. Neutral strange hadrons have been reconstructed from their charged decay products. To obtain distributions of Λ, and Ks0 in discrete bins of rapidity, y, and transverse momentum, pT, calculations have been performed to determine the acceptance of the detector and the efficiency of the reconstruction software as a function of both variables. The lifetime distributions obtained give values of cτ = 7.8 ± 0.6 cm for Λ and cτ = 2.5 ± 0.3 cm for Ks0, consistent with data book values.
Species of Calloeneis Grote (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are discussed, and a key to all recognized species is provided. New species described are C. alexandra, C. angelica, C. blanca, C. bennetti, C. bethany, C.brooke, C. francis, C. jacquelin, C. johnnie, C. kara, C. krista, C. leticia, C. lynne, C. robyn, C. marianne, C. myra,C. rosalie, C. roxanne and C. sheri, all authored by Gordon and Hanley.
New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)1,2,3,4. However, the precursor vapours that drive the process are not well understood. With experiments performed under upper tropospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we show that nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than those from any two of the three components. The importance of this mechanism depends on the availability of ammonia, which was previously thought to be efficiently scavenged by cloud droplets during convection. However, surprisingly high concentrations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate have recently been observed in the upper troposphere over the Asian monsoon region5,6. Once particles have formed, co-condensation of ammonia and abundant nitric acid alone is sufficient to drive rapid growth to CCN sizes with only trace sulfate. Moreover, our measurements show that these CCN are also highly efficient ice nucleating particles—comparable to desert dust. Our model simulations confirm that ammonia is efficiently convected aloft during the Asian monsoon, driving rapid, multi-acid HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 nucleation in the upper troposphere and producing ice nucleating particles that spread across the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere.
Twenty new species are described in Pentilia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymninae: Cryptognathini) by Gordon and González: Pentilia bernadette, P. chelsea, P. dianna, P. elena, P. ernestine, P. estelle, P. kari, P. jasmine, P. jody, P. kendra. P. krystal, P. lora, P. mable, P. muriel, P. nichole, P. nadine. P. paulette, P. rachael, P. sadie and P. traci. A lectotype is here designated for Pentilia egena Mulsant.
Genera of Cryptognathini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are discussed and a key to all recognized genera is provided. Cryptognatha is revised, and species of this genus are keyed. New species, authored by González and Hanley, are Cryptognatha pam, C. kellie, C. hannah, C. whitney, C. karla, C. celia, C. shelia, C. gayle, C. della and C. vicki. The following new synonymies are proposed: Cryptognatha simillima Sicard = Cryptognatha gemellata Mulsant, Cryptognatha fryii Crotch = Cryptognatha pudibunda Mulsant, Cryptognatha bryanti Brèthes = Cryptognatha pudibunda Mulsant. Lectotypes are here designated for Cryptognatha amicta Gorham, C. weisei Brèthes, C. pudibunda Mulsant and C. fryii Crotch.