Refine
Year of publication
Has Fulltext
- yes (48)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (48) (remove)
Keywords
- environmental tobacco smoke (4)
- particulate matter (4)
- Attitude (3)
- Knowledge (3)
- Malaria (3)
- Zika virus (3)
- Aedes aegypti (2)
- Aedes albopictus (2)
- Asian bush mosquito (2)
- Bibliometrics (2)
- Dengue (2)
- Dengue virus (2)
- Mountain (2)
- additives (2)
- second-hand smoke (2)
- Akaike information criterion (AIC) (1)
- Arboviruses (1)
- Artificial feeding bioassays (1)
- Awareness (1)
- BG-index (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Chemical biology (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chikungunya (1)
- Chikungunya virus (1)
- Chorion (1)
- Cigarettes (1)
- Citation analysis (1)
- Climate inequity (1)
- Cold hardiness (1)
- Cold tolerance (1)
- Community health services (1)
- Computer hardware (1)
- Computer software (1)
- Computers (1)
- Culex pipiens (1)
- Culex pipiens biotypes pipiens/molestus (1)
- Culicidae (1)
- DNA-based identification (1)
- Dengue fever (1)
- Diferential delay equation (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Diptera (1)
- Distance to water (1)
- Distribution limits (1)
- EGF (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Elevation (1)
- Environmental biotechnology (1)
- Environmental chemistry (1)
- Environmental health (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Filariasis (1)
- Gene ontology (1)
- Gene set analysis (1)
- General Practitioner (1)
- General practitioner (1)
- Generation time (1)
- Geographically weighted regression (GWR) (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Greenhouse effect (1)
- Healthcare worker (1)
- Hepatitis B (1)
- Hepatitis B infection (1)
- Hepatitis B vaccination (1)
- High altitude (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindu Kush Himalayas (1)
- Human well-being (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Indoor air pollution (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Invasive mosquitoes (1)
- Invasive species (1)
- KAP (1)
- KCNQ4 (1)
- Leishmaniasis (1)
- Livestock (1)
- Local climate (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Malaria prevalence (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Metabolomic profile (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Mosquito (1)
- Mosquito crop (1)
- Mosquito-plant interaction (1)
- Multivariable analysis (1)
- NOAEC (1)
- Nature (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Ordinary least squares (OLS) (1)
- Overwintering (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Population continuity (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Poverty (1)
- Practice (1)
- Prototypes (1)
- Public health (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNAi-based control (1)
- Rainfall (1)
- Rearing temperature (1)
- Research investment (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Rural area (1)
- Sandfly (1)
- Scientific publishing (1)
- Scientists (1)
- Social epidemiology (1)
- Social health determinants (1)
- Socioeconomic indices (1)
- Stage-structured model (1)
- StagePop (1)
- Stimulation experiments (1)
- Sub-zero exposure (1)
- Sugar feeding (1)
- Sumatra (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- Target product profiles (1)
- Time series (1)
- Transportation (1)
- UHPLC-MS (1)
- Vector insects (1)
- Vector mosquito (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Winter survival (1)
- Zika (1)
- Zika Virus (1)
- Zika fever (1)
- Zika vaccine (1)
- Zoopotentation (1)
- Zooprophylaxis (1)
- academic medicine (1)
- aromatics (1)
- automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- career promotion (1)
- cigarette strength (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate change genomics (1)
- cobaltocene (1)
- cochlea (1)
- cold tolerance (1)
- compaction (1)
- cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) (1)
- declaration of tobacco ingredients (1)
- dengue vector (1)
- disasters (1)
- disease vectors (1)
- dynamic temperature (1)
- egg sampling (1)
- enzymatic electrosynthesis (1)
- epidemics (1)
- feeding (1)
- fragment-size analyses (ACE2; CQ11) (1)
- freeze avoidance (1)
- gender (1)
- gender difference (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- hatching (1)
- health (1)
- humectant agents (1)
- hybrids (1)
- hydrogen evolution (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- in-cabin exposure (1)
- indoor air pollution (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- international transport (1)
- latent factor mixed model (1)
- life cycle (1)
- low-dose effects (1)
- mental health (1)
- menthol (1)
- mobile air quality study (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monsoon (1)
- mountain (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- near-natural (1)
- non-communicable disease (1)
- oviposition (1)
- oviposition substrate (1)
- ovitrap (1)
- particle size distribution (1)
- postmonsoon (1)
- promotion index (1)
- public health (1)
- range expansion (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- reserve substance (1)
- size of cigarettes (1)
- tobacco control (1)
- tobacco products (1)
- traffic emissions (1)
- vaccine acceptance (1)
- vaccine trial (1)
- ventilation modes (1)
- water parameter (1)
- wax layer (1)
- whole genome pooled sequencing (1)
- willingness to participate (1)
- winter survival (1)
- yellow fever mosquito (1)
Institute
- Medizin (42)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (9)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (7)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (6)
- Biochemie und Chemie (4)
- Geowissenschaften (2)
- Geowissenschaften / Geographie (2)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (1)
- keine Angabe Institut (1)
Observed weather and projected climate change suggest an increase in the transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. In this study, we systematically explore the literature for empiric associations between the climate variables and specific VBDs and their vectors in the HKH region. We conducted a systematic synthesis of the published literature on climate variables, VBDs and vectors in the HKH region until the 8th of December 2020. The majority of studies show significant positive associations of VBDs with climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc. This systematic review allowed us to identify the most significant variables to be considered for evidence-based trend estimates of the effects of climate change on VBDs and their vectors in the HKH region. This evidence-based trend was set into the context of climate change as well as the observed expansion of VBDs and disease vectors in the HKH region. The geographic range of VBDs expanded into previously considered non-endemic areas of highlands (mountains) in the HKH region. Based on scarce, but clear evidence of a positive relationship of most climate variables and VBDs and the observed climatic changes, we strongly recommend an expansion of vector control and surveillance programmes in areas of the HKH region that were previously considered to be non-endemic.
In dengue-endemic countries such as Indonesia, Zika may be misdiagnosed as dengue, leading to underestimates of Zika disease and less foreknowledge of pregnancy-related complications such as microcephaly. Objective: To assess the attitudes of frontline physicians in a dengue-endemic country toward testing for Zika infection among patients with dengue-like illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia. The survey assessed their attitude and also collected sociodemographic data, characteristics of their medical education, professional background, and workplace, and exposure to Zika cases. A two-step logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible variables associated with these attitudes. Results: A total of 370 GPs were included in the final analysis of which 70.8% had good attitude. Unadjusted analyses suggested that GPs who were 30 years old or older and those who had medical experience five years or longer had lower odds of having a positive attitude compared to those who aged younger than 30 years and those who had medical experience less than five years, OR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.91 and OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.86, respectively. No explanatory variable was associated with attitude in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings point to younger GPs with a shorter medical experience being more likely to consider testing for Zika infection among their patients presenting with dengue-like illnesses. Strategic initiatives may be needed to enhance older or longer-experienced physicians' capacity in diagnosing Zika infection.
Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions.
Mosquito species belonging to the genus Aedes have attracted the interest of scientists and public health officers for their invasive species traits and efficient capacity of transmitting viruses affecting humans. Some of these species were brought outside their native range by human activities such as trade and tourism, and colonised new regions thanks to a unique combination of eco-physiological traits.
Considering mosquito physiological and behavioural traits to understand and predict the spatial and temporal population dynamics is thus a crucial step to develop strategies to mitigate the local densities of invasive Aedes populations.
Here, we synthesised the life cycle of four invasive Aedes species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus) in a single multi-scale stochastic modelling framework which we coded in the R package dynamAedes. We designed a stage-based and time-discrete stochastic model driven by temperature, photo-period and inter-specific larval competition that can be applied to three different spatial scales: punctual, local and regional. These spatial scales consider different degrees of spatial complexity and data availability, by accounting for both active and passive dispersal of mosquito species as well as for the heterogeneity of the input temperature data.
Our overarching aim was to provide a flexible, open-source and user-friendly tool rooted in the most updated knowledge on species biology which could be applied to the management of invasive Aedes populations as well as for more theoretical ecological inquiries.
High-temperature tolerant enzymes offer multiple advantages over enzymes from mesophilic organisms for the industrial production of sustainable chemicals due to high specific activities and stabilities towards fluctuations in pH, heat, and organic solvents. The production of molecular hydrogen (H2) is of particular interest because of the multiple uses of hydrogen in energy and chemicals applications, and the ability of hydrogenase enzymes to reduce protons to H2 at a cathode. We examined the activity of Hydrogen-Dependent CO2 Reductase (HDCR) from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui when immobilized in a redox polymer, cobaltocene-functionalized polyallylamine (Cc-PAA), on a cathode for enzyme-mediated H2 formation from electricity. The presence of Cc-PAA increased reductive current density 340-fold when used on an electrode with HDCR at 40 °C, reaching unprecedented current densities of up to 3 mA·cm−2 with minimal overpotential and high faradaic efficiency. In contrast to other hydrogenases, T. kivui HDCR showed substantial reversibility of CO-dependent inactivation, revealing an opportunity for usage in gas mixtures containing CO, such as syngas. This study highlights the important potential of combining redox polymers with novel enzymes from thermophiles for enhanced electrosynthesis.
URPOSE: Today, the majority of medical graduates in countries such as the UK, the US or Germany are female. This poses a major problem for workforce planning especially in urology. We here use first the first time the previously established Brüggmann Groneberg (BG) index to assess if female academic career options advance in urology.
METHODS: Different operating parameters (student population, urology specialist population, urology chair female:male (f:m) ratio) were collected from the Federal Office of Statistics, the Federal Chamber of Physicians and the medical faculties of 36 German universities. Four time points were monitored (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015). From these data, female to male (f:m) ratios and the recently established career advancement (BG) index have been calculated.
RESULTS: The German hospital urology specialists' f:m ratios were 0.257 (499 female vs. 1944 male) for 2015, 0.195 for 2010, 0.133 for 2005 and 0.12 for 2000. The career advancement (BG) index was 0.0007 for 2000, 0,0005 for 2005, 0.094 for 2010 and 0.073 for 2015. The decrease from 2010 to 2015 was due to an increase in the f:m ratio of hospital urologists and female medical students.
CONCLUSION: The BG index clearly illustrated that there is an urgent need for special academic career funding programs to counteract gender problems in urology. The BG index has been shown to be an excellent tool to assess female academic career options and will be very helpful to assess and document positive or negative changes in the next decades.
Background:Aedes aegypti is a potential vector for several arboviruses including dengue and Zika viruses. The species seems to be restricted to subtropical/tropical habitats and has difficulties in establishing permanent populations in southern Europe, probably due to constraints during the winter season. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the cold tolerance (CT) of Ae. aegypti in its most cold-resistant life stage, the eggs.
Methods: The CT of Ae. aegypti eggs was compared with that of Ae. albopictus which is well established in large parts of Europe. By systematically studying the literature (meta-analysis), we recognized that CT has been rarely tested in Ae. aegypti eggs, but eggs can survive at zero and sub-zero temperatures for certain exposure periods. To overcome potential bias from experimental differences between studies, we then conducted species comparisons using a harmonized high-resolution CT measuring method. From subtropical populations of the same origin, the survival (hatching in %) and emergence of adults of both species were measured after zero and sub-zero temperature exposures for up to 9 days (3 °C, 0 °C and − 2 °C: ≤ 9 days; − 6 °C: ≤ 2 days).
Results: Our data show that Ae. aegypti eggs can survive low and sub-zero temperatures for a short time period similar to or even better than those of Ae. albopictus. Moreover, after short sub-zero exposures of eggs of both species, individuals still developed into viable adults (Ae. aegypti: 3 adults emerged after 6 days at − 2 °C, Ae. albopictus: 1 adult emerged after 1 day at − 6 °C).
Conclusions: Thus, both the literature and the present experimental data indicate that a cold winter may not be the preventing factor for the re-establishment of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti in southern Europe.
The risk of increasing dengue (DEN) and chikungunya (CHIK) epidemics impacts 240 million people, health systems, and the economy in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The aim of this systematic review is to monitor trends in the distribution and spread of DEN/CHIK over time and geographically for future reliable vector and disease control in the HKH region. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the spatiotemporal distribution of DEN/CHIK in HKH published up to 23 January 2020, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, we found 61 articles that focused on the spatial and temporal distribution of 72,715 DEN and 2334 CHIK cases in the HKH region from 1951 to 2020. DEN incidence occurs in seven HKH countries, i.e., India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Myanmar, and CHIK occurs in four HKH countries, i.e., India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar, out of eight HKH countries. DEN is highly seasonal and starts with the onset of the monsoon (July in India and June in Nepal) and with the onset of spring (May in Bhutan) and peaks in the postmonsoon season (September to November). This current trend of increasing numbers of both diseases in many countries of the HKH region requires coordination of response efforts to prevent and control the future expansion of those vector-borne diseases to nonendemic areas, across national borders.
Background: Climate change is safe to be one of the biggest challenges of mankind. Human activities, especially the combustion of fossil fuels, contribute to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and thus to the pace of climate change. The effects of climate change are already being felt, and the resulting damage will most likely be enormous worldwide. Because global impacts vary widely and will lead to very different national vulnerability to climate impacts, each country, depending on its economic background, has different options to ward off negative impacts. Decisions have to be made to mitigate climate consequences according to the preparedness and the vulnerability of countries against the presumed impacts. This requires a profound scientific basis. To provide sound background information, a bibliometric study was conducted to present global research on climate change using established and specific parameters. Bibliometric standard parameters, established socioeconomic values, and climate change specific indices were used for the analyses. This allowed us to provide an overall picture of the global research pattern not only in terms of general aspects, but also in terms of climate change impacts, its effects and regional differences. For this purpose, we choose representative indices, such as the CO2 emissions for the responsibility of countries, the global climate risk index as a combination value for the different types of damage that countries can expect, the increase in sea level as a specific parameter as a measure of the huge global environmental impacts, and the readiness and vulnerability index for the different circumstances of individual countries under which climate change will take place. We hope to have thus made a comprehensive and representative selection of specific parameters that is sufficient to map the global research landscape. We have supplemented the methodology accordingly.
Results: In terms of absolute publication numbers, the USA was the leading country, followed by the UK, and China in 3rd place. The steep rise in Chinese publication numbers over time came into view, while their citation numbers are relatively low. Scandinavian countries were leading regarding their publication numbers related to CO2 emission and socioeconomic indices. Only three developing countries stand out in all analyses: Costa Rica, the Fiji Atoll, and Zimbabwe, although it is here that the climate impact will be greatest. A positive correlation between countries’ preparedness for the impacts of climate change and their publication numbers could be shown, while the correlation between countries’ vulnerability and their publication numbers was negative.
Conclusions: We could show that there exists an inequity between national research efforts according to the publication output and the demands and necessities of countries related to their socioeconomic status. This inequity calls for a rethink, a different approach, and a different policy to improve countries' preparedness and mitigation capacity, which requires the inclusion of the most affected regions of the world in a strengthened international cooperation network.
Although the big tobacco companies offer the same cigarette brands across countries, little is known about the potential regional differences of the particulate matter (PM) emissions of apparently equal brands. PM emissions of three cigarette brands (Marlboro Gold, Winston Red resp. Classic, Parliament Platinum resp. Night Blue) from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Germany were analysed. Second-hand smoke was produced in a 2.88 m3 measuring cabin by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter. PM size fractions PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were detected in real-time using laser aerosol spectrometry. Depending on the PM fraction Marlboro cigarettes from UAE showed 33%–35% higher PM amounts. Moreover, Winston cigarettes from UAE showed distinctly higher PM values (28–31%) than the German counterparts. The “lighter” Parliament from UAE emitted 3%–9% more PM than the German one. The measured mean PM10 values laid between 778 and 1163 µg/m3 (mean PM2.5: 777–1161 µg/m3; mean PM1: 724–1074 µg/m3). That means smoking in enclosed rooms causes massive PM burden. The PM emission of equal or similar tobacco products from different countries can differ distinctly. Hence, the declaration of PM emission values, besides nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide amounts, should be obligatory worldwide. Furthermore, complete information about the ingredients and production processes of tobacco products should be provided to health officials and the public. This can help to minimise or ban substances or product designs that make smoking even more harmful, and to enhance the awareness of the risks of smoking.