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HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genetic diversity modulates response to lithium in bipolar affective disorders
(2021)
Le Clerc, Sigrid ; Lombardi, Laura ; Amare, Azmeraw T. ; Schubert, Klaus Oliver ; Hou, Liping ; Clark, Scott R. ; Papiol, Sergi ; Cearns, Micah ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Tekola-Ayele, Fasil ; Hsu, Yi-Hsiang ; Shekhtman, Tatyana ; Adli, Mazda ; Akula, Nirmala ; Akiyama, Kazufumi ; Ardau, Raffaella ; Arias, Bárbara ; Aubry, Jean-Michel ; Backlund, Lena ; Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar ; Bellivier, Frank ; Benabarre, Antonio ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Birner, Armin ; Brichant-Petitjean, Clara ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chen, Hsi-Chung ; Chillotti, Caterina ; Cichon, Sven ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Dalkner, Nina ; Dayer, Alexandre ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Del Zompo, Maria ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Étain, Bruno ; Jamain, Stephane ; Falkai, Peter ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Frisen, Louise ; Frye, Mark A. ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gard, Sébastien ; Garnham, Julie S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Grof, Paul ; Hashimoto, Ryota ; Hauser, Joanna ; Herms, Stefan ; Hoffmann, Per ; Jiménez, Esther ; Kahn, Jean-Pierre ; Kassem, Layla ; Kuo, Po-Hsiu ; Kato, Tadafumi ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa ; König, Barbara ; Kusumi, Ichiro ; Laje, Gonzalo ; Landén, Mikael ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Leckband, Susan G. ; Tortorella, Alfonso ; Manchia, Mirko ; Martinsson, Lina ; McCarthy, Michael J. ; McElroy, Susan ; Colom, Francesc ; Millischer, Vincent ; Mitjans, Marina ; Mondimore, Francis Mark ; Monteleone, Palmiero ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Novák, Tomas ; O'Donovan, Claire ; Ozaki, Norio ; Ösby, Urban ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Potash, James B. ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Rybakowski, Janusz K. ; Schalling, Martin ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schweizer, Barbara W. ; Severino, Giovanni ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Shimoda, Katzutaka ; Simhandl, Christian ; Slaney, Claire M. ; Pisanu, Claudia ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stamm, Thomas ; Stopkova, Pavla ; Maj, Mario ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vieta, Eduard ; Veeh, Julia ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Wright, Adam ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Bauer, Michael ; Alda, Martin ; Rietschel, Marcella ; McMahon, Francis J. ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Spadoni, Jean-Louis ; Boukouaci, Wahid ; Richard, Jean-Romain ; Le Corvoisier, Philippe ; Barrau, Caroline ; Zagury, Jean-François ; Leboyer, Marion ; Tamouza, Ryad
Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness, for which lithium (Li) is the gold standard for acute and maintenance therapies. The therapeutic response to Li in BD is heterogeneous and reliable biomarkers allowing patients stratification are still needed. A GWAS performed by the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) has recently identified genetic markers associated with treatment responses to Li in the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) region. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, we have genetically imputed the classical alleles of the HLA region in the European patients of the ConLiGen cohort. We found our best signal for amino-acid variants belonging to the HLA-DRB1*11:01 classical allele, associated with a better response to Li (p < 1 × 10−3; FDR < 0.09 in the recessive model). Alanine or Leucine at position 74 of the HLA-DRB1 heavy chain was associated with a good response while Arginine or Glutamic acid with a poor response. As these variants have been implicated in common inflammatory/autoimmune processes, our findings strongly suggest that HLA-mediated low inflammatory background may contribute to the efficient response to Li in BD patients, while an inflammatory status overriding Li anti-inflammatory properties would favor a weak response.
Koromina, Maria ; Ravi, Ashvin ; Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia ; Schilder, Brian M. ; Humphrey, Jack ; Braun, Alice ; Bidgeli, Tim ; Chatzinakos, Chris ; Coombes, Brandon ; Kim, Jaeyoung ; Liu, Xiaoxi ; Terao, Chikashi ; O'Connell, Kevin S. ; Adams, Mark ; Adolfsson, Rolf ; Alda, Martin ; Alfredsson, Lars ; Andlauer, Till ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Antoniou, Anastasia ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Boehnke, Michael ; Bosch, Rosa ; Cairns, Murray ; Carr, Vaughan J. ; Casas Brugué, Miquel ; Catts, Stanley ; Cichon, Sven ; Corvin, Aiden ; Craddock, Nicholas ; Dafnas, Konstantinos ; Dalkner, Nina ; Dannlowski, Udo ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Di Florio, Arianna ; Dikeos, Dimitris ; Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea ; Ferentinos, Panagiotis ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Forty, Liz ; Frye, Mark ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gawlik, Micha ; Gizer, Ian R. ; Gordon-Smith, Katherine ; Green, Melissa J. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Guzman-Parra, José ; Hahn, Tim ; Henskens, Frans ; Hillert, Jan ; Jablensky, Assen V. ; Jones, Lisa ; Jones, Ian ; Jonsson, Lina ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kirov, George ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Landén, Mikael ; Leboyer, Marion ; Lenger, Melanie ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Lochner, Christine ; Loughland, Carmel ; MacIntyre, Donald ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Maratou, Eirini ; Mathews, Carol A. ; Mayoral, Fermı́n ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McGregor, Nathaniel W. ; McIntosh, Andrew M. ; McQuillin, Andrew ; Michie, Patricia ; Milanova, Vihra ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Moutsatsou, Paraskevi ; Mowry, Bryan ; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram ; Myers, Richard M. ; Nenadić, Igor ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; O'Donovan, Claire ; O'Donovan, Michael ; Ophoff, Roel André ; Owen, Michael J. ; Pantelis, Christos ; Pato, Carlos ; Pato, Michele T. ; Patrinos, George P. ; Pawlak, Joanna M. ; Perlis, Roy H. ; Porichi, Evgenia ; Posthuma, Danielle ; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva Z. ; Ribasés, Marta ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Schall, Ulrich ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Scott, Laura J. ; Scott, Rodney J. ; Serretti, Alessandro ; Shannon Weickert, Cynthia ; Smoller, Jordan W. ; Soler Artigas, Marı́a ; Stein, Dan J. ; Streit, Fabian ; Toma, Claudio ; Tooney, Paul ; Vieta, Eduard ; Vincent, John B. ; Waldman, Irwin D. ; Weickert, Thomas ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Hong, Kyung Sue ; Ikeda, Masashi ; Iwata, Nakao ; Świątkowska, Beata ; Won, Hong-Hee ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; Ripke, Stephan ; Raj, Towfique ; Coleman, Jonathan R. I. ; Mullins, Niamh
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
Hou, Liping ; Bergen, Sarah E. ; Akula, Nirmala ; Song, Jie ; Hultman, Christina M. ; Landén, Mikael ; Adli, Mazda ; Alda, Martin ; Ardau, Raffaella ; Arias, Bárbara ; Aubry, Jean-Michel ; Backlund, Lena ; Badner, Judith A. ; Barrett, Thomas B. ; Bauer, Michael ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bellivier, Frank ; Benabarre Hernandez, Antonio ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Berrettini, Wade H. ; Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Birner, Armin ; Bloss, Cinnamon S. ; Brichant-Petitjean, Clara ; Bui, Elise T. ; Byerley, William ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chillotti, Caterina ; Cichon, Sven ; Colom, Francesc ; Coryell, William ; Craig, David W. ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Davis, Tony ; Dayer, Alexandre ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Del Zompo, Maria ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; Étain, Bruno ; Falkai, Peter ; Foroud, Tatiana ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Frisén, Louise ; Frye, Mark A. ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gard, Sébastien ; Garnham, Julie S. ; Gershon, Elliot S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Greenwood, Tiffany A. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Hauser, Joanna ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie ; Herms, Stefan ; Hipolito, Maria ; Hitturlingappa, Shashi ; Hoffmann, Per ; Hofmann, Andrea ; Jamain, Stephane ; Jiménez, Esther ; Kahn, Jean-Pierre ; Kassem, Layla ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Kliwicki, Sebastian ; Koller, Daniel L. ; König, Barbara ; Lackner, Nina ; Laje, Gonzalo ; Lang, Maren ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Lawson, William B. ; Leboyer, Marion ; Leckband, Susan G. ; Liu, Chunyu ; Maaser, Anna ; Mahon, Pamela B. ; Maier, Wolfgang ; Maj, Mario ; Manchia, Mirko ; Martinsson, Lina ; McCarthy, Michael J. ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McInnis, Melvin G. ; McKinney, Rebecca ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Mitjans, Marina ; Mondimore, Francis Mark ; Monteleone, Palmiero ; Mühleisen, Thomas W. ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Novák, Tomas ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Nwulia, Evaristus A. ; Ösby, Urban ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Potash, James B. ; Propping, Peter ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva ; Rice, John ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Rybakowski, Janusz K. ; Schalling, Martin ; Scheftner, William A. ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schork, Nicholas J. ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Schumacher, Johannes ; Schweizer, Barbara W. ; Severino, Giovanni ; Shekhtman, Tatyana ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Simhandl, Christian ; Slaney, Claire M. ; Smith, Erin N. ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stamm, Thomas ; Stopkova, Pavla ; Streit, Fabian ; Strohmaier, Jana ; Szelinger, Szabolcs ; Tighe, Sarah K. ; Tortorella, Alfonso ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vieta, Eduard ; Volkert, Julia ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Wright, Adam ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Zhang, Peng ; Zollner, Sebastian ; McMahon, Francis J.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the Xchromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87×10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53×10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
O’Connell, Kevin S. ; Koromina, Maria ; van der Veen, Tracey ; Boltz, Toni ; David, Friederike S. ; Kay Yang, Jessica Mei ; Lin, Keng-Han ; Wang, Xin ; Coleman, Jonathan R. I. ; Mitchell, Brittany L. ; McGrouther, Caroline C. ; Rangan, Aaditya V. ; Lind, Penelope A. ; Koch, Elise ; Harder, Arvid ; Parker, Nadine ; Bendl, Jaroslav ; Adorjan, Kristina ; Agerbo, Esben ; Albani, Diego ; Alemany, Silvia ; Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney ; Als, Thomas D. ; Andlauer, Till F. M. ; Antoniou, Anastasia ; Ask, Helga ; Bass, Nicholas ; Bauer, Michael ; Beins, Eva C. ; Bigdeli, Tim B. ; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker ; Boks, Marco P. ; Børte, Sigrid ; Bosch, Rosa ; Brum, Murielle ; Brumpton, Ben M. ; Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie ; Budde, Monika ; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas ; Byerley, William ; Cabana-Domínguez, Judit ; Cairns, Murray J. ; Carpiniello, Bernardo ; Casas, Miquel ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chatzinakos, Chris ; Chen, Hsi-Chung ; Clarence, Tereza ; Clarke, Toni-Kim ; Claus, Isabelle ; Coombes, Brandon ; Corfield, Elizabeth C. ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Dafnas, Konstantinos ; Dale, Anders M. ; Dalkner, Nina ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Djurovic, Srdjan ; Drange, Ole Kristian ; Escott-Price, Valentina ; Fanous, Ayman H. ; Fellendorf, Frederike T. ; Ferrier, I. Nicol ; Forty, Liz ; Frank, Josef ; Frei, Oleksandr ; Freimer, Nelson B. ; Fullard, John F. ; Garnham, Julie ; Gizer, Ian R. ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gordon-Smith, Katherine ; Greenwood, Tiffany A. ; Grove, Jakob ; Guzman-Parra, José ; Ha, Tae Hyon ; Hahn, Tim ; Haraldsson, Magnus ; Hautzinger, Martin ; Havdahl, Alexandra ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Hellgren, Dennis ; Herms, Stefan ; Hickie, Ian B. ; Hoffmann, Per ; Holmans, Peter A. ; Huang, Ming-Chyi ; Ikeda, Masashi ; Jamain, Stéphane ; Johnson, Jessica S. ; Jonsson, Lina ; Kalman, Janos L. ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kennedy, James L. ; Kim, Euitae ; Kim, Jaeyoung ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Knowles, James A. ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Kranz, Thorsten M. ; Krebs, Kristi ; Kushner, Steven A. ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Lawrence, Jacob ; Leber, Markus ; Lee, Heon-Jeong ; Liao, Calwing ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lundberg, Martin ; MacIntyre, Donald J. ; Maier, Wolfgang ; Maihofer, Adam X. ; Malaspina, Dolores ; Manchia, Mirko ; Maratou, Eirini ; Martinsson, Lina ; Mattheisen, Manuel ; McGregor, Nathaniel W. ; McInnis, Melvin G. ; McKay, James D. ; Medeiros, Helena ; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas ; Millischer, Vincent ; Morris, Derek W. ; Moutsatsou, Paraskevi ; Mühleisen, Thomas W. ; O’Donovan, Claire ; Olsen, Catherine M. ; Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia ; Papiol, Sergi ; Pardiñas, Antonio F. ; Park, Hye Youn ; Perry, Amy ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Pisanu, Claudia ; Potash, James B. ; Quested, Digby ; Rapaport, Mark H. ; Regeer, Eline J. ; Rice, John P. ; Rivera, Margarita ; Schulte, Eva C. ; Senner, Fanny ; Shadrin, Alexey ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Sigurdsson, Engilbert ; Sindermann, Lisa ; Sirignano, Lea ; Siskind, Dan ; Slaney, Claire ; Sloofman, Laura G. ; Smeland, Olav B. ; Smith, Daniel J. ; Sobell, Janet L. ; Soler Artigas, Maria ; Stein, Dan J. ; Stein, Frederike ; Su, Mei-Hsin ; Sung, Heejong ; Świątkowska, Beata ; Terao, Chikashi ; Tesfaye, Markos ; Tesli, Martin ; Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. ; Thorp, Jackson G. ; Toma, Claudio ; Tondo, Leonardo ; Tooney, Paul A. ; Tsai, Shih-Jen ; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini ; Vawter, Marquis P. ; Vedder, Helmut ; Vreeker, Annabel ; Walters, James T. R. ; Winsvold, Bendik S. ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Won, Hong-Hee ; Ye, Robert ; Young, Allan H. ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Zillich, Lea ; Adolfsson, Rolf ; Alda, Martin ; Alfredsson, Lars ; Backlund, Lena ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bellivier, Frank ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Berrettini, Wade H. ; Biernacka, Joanna M. ; Boehnke, Michael ; Børglum, Anders D. ; Breen, Gerome ; Carr, Vaughan J. ; Catts, Stanley ; Cichon, Sven ; Corvin, Aiden ; Craddock, Nicholas ; Dannlowski, Udo ; Dikeos, Dimitris ; Etain, Bruno ; Ferentinos, Panagiotis ; Frye, Mark ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gawlik, Micha ; Gershon, Elliot S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Green, Melissa J. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Hauser, Joanna ; Henskens, Frans A. ; Hjerling-Leffler, Jens ; Hougaard, David M. ; Hveem, Kristian ; Iwata, Nakao ; Jones, Ian ; Jones, Lisa A. ; Kahn, René S. ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kirov, George ; Kuo, Po-Hsiu ; Landén, Mikael ; Leboyer, Marion ; Li, Qingqin S. ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Lochner, Christine ; Loughland, Carmel ; Luykx, Jurjen J. ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Mathews, Carol A. ; Mayoral, Fermin ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McIntosh, Andrew M. ; McMahon, Francis J. ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Melle, Ingrid ; Milani, Lili ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Morken, Gunnar ; Mors, Ole ; Mortensen, Preben Bo ; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram ; Myers, Richard M. ; Myung, Woojae ; Neale, Benjamin M. ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nordentoft, Merete ; Nöthen, Markus M. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; O’Donovan, Michael C. ; Oedegaard, Ketil J. ; Olsson, Tomas ; Owen, Michael J. ; Paciga, Sara A. ; Pantelis, Christos ; Pato, Carlos N. ; Pato, Michele T. ; Patrinos, George P. ; Pawlak, Joanna M. ; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva Z. ; Ribasés, Marta ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Ripke, Stephan ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Roussos, Panos ; Saito, Takeo ; Schall, Ulrich ; Schalling, Martin ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schulze, Thomas G. ; Scott, Laura J. ; Scott, Rodney J. ; Serretti, Alessandro ; Smoller, Jordan W. ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stahl, Eli A. ; Stefansson, Hreinn ; Stefansson, Kari ; Stordal, Eystein ; Streit, Fabian ; Sullivan, Patrick F. ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vaaler, Arne E. ; Vieta, Eduard ; Vincent, John B. ; Waldman, Irwin D. ; Weickert, Cynthia S. ; Weickert, Thomas W. ; Werge, Thomas ; Whiteman, David C. ; Zwart, John-Anker ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; McQuillin, Andrew ; Forstner, Andreas J. ; Mullins, Niamh ; Di Florio, Arianna ; Ophoff, Roel A. ; Andreassen, Ole A.
Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussionen zur Regulierung des Kormoranbestandes möchten auch die anerkannten Naturschutzverbände Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU), Landesverband Sachsen-Anhalt e.V. und Ornithologenverband Sachsen-Anhalt e.V. (OSA) ihre Position zum Kormoran- bzw. Fischartenschutz darstellen. Anhand von wissenschaftlichen Fakten soll dem in der Öffentlichkeit weit verbreiteten Vorurteil, der Kormoran (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) störe im Land Sachsen-Anhalt das ökologische Gleichgewicht, entgegengetreten werden. Der Beitrag liefert so auch die Argumente für fach- und sachgerechtes administratives Handeln.
Slik, J. W. Ferry ; Franklin, Janet ; Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor ; Field, Richard ; Aguilar, Salomon ; Aguirre, Nikolay ; Ahumada, Jorge ; Aiba, Shin-Ichiro ; Alves, Luciana F. ; Anitha, Kamalakumari ; Avella, Andres ; Mora, Francisco ; Aymard, Gerardo A. ; Báez, Selene ; Balvanera, Patricia ; Bastian, Meredith L. ; Bastin, Jean-François ; Bellingham, Peter ; van den Berg, Eduardo ; da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna ; Boeckx, Pascal ; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin ; Bongers, Frans ; Boyle, Brad ; Brambach, Fabian ; Brearley, Francis Q. ; Brown, Sandra ; Chai, Shauna-Lee ; Chazdon, Robin L. ; Chen, Shengbin ; Chhang, Phourin ; Chuyong, George ; Ewangog, Corneille ; Coronado, Indiana ; Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi ; Culmsee, Heike ; Damas, Kipiro ; Dattaraja, Handanakere Shivaramaiah ; Davidar, Priya ; DeWalt, Saara J. ; Din, Hazimah ; Drake, Donald R. ; Duque, Alvaro ; Durigan, Giselda ; Eichhorn, Karl ; Schmidt Eler, Eduardo ; Enoki, Tsutomu ; Ensslin, Andreas ; Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain ; Farwig, Nina ; Feeley, Kenneth J. ; Fischer, Markus ; Forshed, Olle ; Garcia, Queila Souza ; Garkoti, Satish Chandra ; Gillespie, Thomas William ; Gillet, Jean-Francois ; Gonmadje, Christelle ; Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo ; Griffith, Daniel M. ; Grogan, James ; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman ; Harris, David J. ; Harrison, Rhett D. ; Hector, Andy ; Hemp, Andreas ; Homeier, Jürgen ; Hussain, M. Shah ; Ibarra Manríquez, Guillermo ; Hanum, I. Faridah ; Imai, Nobuo ; Jansen, Patrick A. ; Joly, Carlos Alfredo ; Joseph, Shijo ; Kartawinata, Kuswata ; Kearsley, Elizabeth ; Kelly, Daniel L. ; Kessler, Michael ; Killeen, Timothy J. ; Kooyman, Robert ; Laumonier, Yves ; Laurance, Susan G. ; Laurance, William F. ; Lawes, Michael J. ; Letcher, Susan G. ; Lindsell, Jeremy ; Lovett, Jon ; Lozada, Jose ; Lu, Xinghui ; Lykke, Anne Mette ; Bin Mahmud, Khairil ; Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana ; Mansor, Asyraf ; Marshall, Andrew R. ; Martin, Emanuel H. ; Leal Matos, Darley Calderado ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Melo, Felipe P. L. ; Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre ; Metali, Faizah ; Medjibe, Vincent P. ; Metzger, Jean Paul ; Metzker, Thiago ; Mohandass, Dharmalingam ; Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A. ; Muñoz, Rodrigo ; Nurtjahy, Eddy ; Lenza de Oliveira, Eddie ; Onrizal, Onrizal ; Parolin, Pia ; Parren, Marc ; Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy ; Paudel, Ekananda ; Perez, Rolando ; Pérez-García, Eduardo A. ; Pommer, Ulf ; Poorter, Lourens ; Qi, Lan ; F. Piedade, Maria Teresa ; Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto ; Dalberg Poulsen, Axel ; Poulsen, John R. ; Powers, Jennifer S. ; Prasad, Rama Chandra ; Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe ; Rangel, Orlando ; Reitsma, Jan ; S. B. Rocha, Diogo ; Rolim, Samir ; Rovero, Francesco ; Rozak, Andes ; Ruokolainen, Kalle ; Rutishauser, Ervan ; Rutten, Gemma ; Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam ; Saiter, Felipe Z. ; Saner, Philippe ; Santos, Braulio ; dos Santos, João Roberto ; Sarker, Swapan Kumar ; Schmitt, Christine B. ; Schöngart, Jochen ; Schulze, Mark ; Sheil, Douglas ; Sist, Plinio ; Souza, Alexandre F. ; Spironello, Wilson Roberto ; Sposito, Tereza ; Steinmetz, Robert ; Stevart, Tariq ; Suganuma, Marcio Seiji ; Sukri, Rahayu ; Sultana, Aisha ; Sukumar, Raman ; Sunderland, Terry ; Supriyadi, Agus ; Suresh, Hebbalalu S. ; Suzuki, Eizi ; Tabarelli, Marcelo ; Tang, Jianwei ; Tanner, Edmund V. J. ; Targhetta, Natalia ; Theilade, Ida ; Thomas, Duncan ; Timberlake, Jonathan ; de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio ; Valkenburg, Johan van ; Do, Tran Van ; Sam, Hoang Van ; Vandermeer, John H. ; Verbeeck, Hans ; Vetaas, Ole Reidar ; Adekunle, Victor ; Vieira, Simone A. ; Webb, Campbell O. ; Webb, Edward L. ; Whitfeld, Timothy ; Wich, Serge ; Williams, John ; Wiser, Susan ; Wittmann, Florian ; Yang, Xiaobo ; Adou Yao, C. Yves ; Yap, Sandra L. ; Zahawie, Rakan A. ; Zakaria, Rahmad ; Zang, Runguo
Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.
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