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The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons ( h-) in Au+Au interactions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dNh-/d eta | eta = 0 = 280±1(stat)±20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to pp-bar collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508±0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h- yield per participant is a strong function of pperp. The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within | eta |<1.
We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25<pperp<0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density.
We report results on the ratio of midrapidity antiproton-to-proton yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV per nucleon pair as measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Within the rapidity and transverse momentum range of | y|<0.5 and 0.4<pt<1.0 GeV/c, the ratio is essentially independent of either transverse momentum or rapidity, with an average of 0.65±0.01(stat)±0.07(syst) for minimum bias collisions. Within errors, no strong centrality dependence is observed. The results indicate that at this RHIC energy, although the p-p-bar pair production becomes important at midrapidity, a significant excess of baryons over antibaryons is still present.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV using the STAR TPC at RHIC. The elliptic flow signal, v_2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η1 − η2 (pseudorapidity) and φ1 − φ2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 <= pt <= 2 GeV/c and |η| <= 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged and neutral kaons are reported for Au + Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV at RHIC. The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about 280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to pion ratios are K+/π− = 0.161± 0.002(stat) ± 0.024(syst) and K−/π− = 0.146± 0.002(stat) ± 0.022(syst) for the most central collisions. The K+/π− ratio is lower than the same ratio observed at the SPS while the K−/π− is higher than the SPS result. The ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p + p and p¯ + p collision data at similar energies.
The likely manifestations of climate change like flood hazards are prominent topics in public communication. This can be shown by media analysis and questionnaire data. However, in the case of flood risks an information gap remains resulting in misinformed citizens who probably will not perform the necessary protective actions when an emergency occurs. This paper examines more closely a newly developed approach to flood risk communication that takes the heterogeneity of citizens into account and aims to close this gap. The heterogeneity is analysed on the meso level regarding differences in residential situation as well as on the micro level with respect to risk perception and protective actions. Using the city of Bremen as a case study, empirical data from n=831 respondents were used to identify Action Types representing different states of readiness for protective actions in view of flood risks. These subpopulations can be provided with specific information to meet their heterogeneous needs for risk communication. A prototype of a computer-based information system is described that can produce and pass on such tailored information. However, such an approach to risk communication has to be complemented by meso level analysis which takes the social diversity of subpopulations into account. Social vulnerability is the crucial concept for understanding the distribution of resources and capacities among different social groups. We therefore recommend putting forums and organisations into place that can mediate between the state and its citizens.
Nichts scheint besser geeignet, um sich den Eurozentrismus, den kolonialen Blick abzugewöhnen, als die Beschäftigung mit lateinamerikanischer Literatur. Denn diese Literatur will anders sein, sie definiert sich widersprüchlich und provokativ als eine fremde, nicht-europäische Literatur. Die selbstgewählten Markenzeichen heißen: >realísmo mágico< und >real maravilloso< [...] Das Werk von Gabriel García Márquez, des vierten unter den fünf lateinamerikanischen Nobelpreisträgern, und des gegenwärtig weltweit erfolgreichsten lateinamerikanischen Autors scheint mit seiner >tropischen Phantasie<, seinem >eigenen Schwerkraftgesetz< ein besonders gutes Beispiel der ganz elementaren exotischen Phantasie zu sein.
"Noch bevor man in Europa genau wußte, wo China geographisch zu lokalisieren war, beschrieb man schon, wie es dort zuging [...]. Nicht den wahrheitsgetreuen Berichten des Marco Polo (1298), sondern den daraus zusammenphantasierten Abenteuer des Ritters Mandeville (1366) wurde Glauben geschenkt. Wer >China< beschrieb, wollte seinen Lesern vor allem ein Bild von etwas anderem vor Augen führen, wollte etwas schildern, das abschrecken oder vorbildlich sein sollte und so weit entfernt war, daß man es mangels exakterer Zeugnisse einfach glauben mußte - oder wollte. China war literarische Metapher für den Kontrast zum Abendland [...]."
Dieser Aufsatz möchte dem Deutschunterricht nicht noch einen weiteren Stoff - die latein-amerikanische Literatur - hinzufügen, um damit eine beliebig erweiterbare >Konkurrenz der Texte< zu eröffnen. Vielmehr wird lateinamerikanische Literatur für den Deutschunterricht vorgeschlagen und in Beispielen vorgestellt, weil sie besonders geeignet erscheint, im Zeitalter eines überall spürbaren Kulturwandels den Deutschunterricht zum Ort bewußter Auseinandersetzung mit >Kultur< zu machen. In den 20er Jahren schon wurde in einer Epoche ähnlich tiefgreifender kultureller Krisen über Deutschunterricht als >Kulturkunde< diskutiert. Damals lief die Absicht von Germanisten und Lehrplanautoren aber in der Hauptsache hinaus auf eine Festigung des Bewußtseins nationaler >deutscher Kultur<, auf eine Abschließung des >deutschen Wesens< nach außen. Die >Erziehung zum bewußten Deutschtum< gipfelte in der Formulierung des preußischen Ministerialrats im Kultusministerium, Hans Richert, aus dem Jahr 1924: >Im deutschen Unterricht sollen die Schüler lernen, deutsch zu reden und zu schreiben, deutsch zu fühlen, zu denken und zu wollen.<