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Die Habilitation des Berner Literaturwissenschaftlers Matthias N. Lorenz untersucht die intertextuelle Auseinandersetzung mit Joseph Conrads "Heart of Darkness" (1899) im deutschen Sprachraum. Intertextualität fasst Lorenz im Anschluss an Ulrich Broich und Manfred Pfister als "bewusst intendierte" und "deutlich signalisierte Beziehungen" zwischen Texten. In einem 'close reading' kommen zunächst Zeitgenossen Conrads zur Sprache. Auf eine Latenzzeit der Conrad-Rezeption in der Nachkriegszeit folgt in den 80er Jahren eine Renaissance. Das längste Kapitel ist den Conrad-Lektüren von sieben Autorinnen und Autoren aus den Jahren 1986-2012 gewidmet. Hier leuchtet Lorenz feministische, kapitalismuskritische und postkoloniale Transformationen von "Heart of Darkness" aus. Schließlich rückt das Thema der Traumatisierung von Europäern in der Konfrontation mit Gewalt in Afrika in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung.
Focus on quantum efficiency
(2014)
Technologies which convert light into energy, and vice versa, rely on complex, microscopic transport processes in the condensed phase, which obey the laws of quantum mechanics, but hitherto lack systematic analysis and modeling. Given our much improved understanding of multicomponent, disordered, highly structured, open quantum systems, this ‘focus on’ collection collects cuttingedge research on theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum transport in truly complex systems as defined, e.g., by the macromolecular functional complexes at the heart of photosynthesis, by organic quantum wires, or even photovoltaic devices. To what extent microscopic quantum coherence effects can (be made to) impact on macroscopic transport behavior is an equally challenging and controversial question, and this "focus on" collection provides a setting for the present state of affairs, as well as for the "quantum opportunities" on the horizon.
Analgesia is a well-documented effect of acupuncture. A critical role in pain sensation plays the nervous system, including the GABAergic system and opioid receptor (OR) activation. Here we investigated regulation of GABA transporter GAT1 by δOR in rats and in Xenopus oocytes. Synaptosomes of brain from rats chronically exposed to opiates exhibited reduced GABA uptake, indicating that GABA transport might be regulated by opioid receptors. For further investigation we have expressed GAT1 of mouse brain together with mouse δOR and μOR in Xenopus oocytes. The function of GAT1 was analyzed in terms of Na(+)-dependent [(3)H]GABA uptake as well as GAT1-mediated currents. Coexpression of δOR led to reduced number of fully functional GAT1 transporters, reduced substrate translocation, and GAT1-mediated current. Activation of δOR further reduced the rate of GABA uptake as well as GAT1-mediated current. Coexpression of μOR, as well as μOR activation, affected neither the number of transporters, nor rate of GABA uptake, nor GAT1-mediated current. Inhibition of GAT1-mediated current by activation of δOR was confirmed in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on rat brain slices of periaqueductal gray. We conclude that inhibition of GAT1 function will strengthen the inhibitory action of the GABAergic system and hence may contribute to acupuncture-induced analgesia.
Information structure
(2007)
This report provides a brief review of the 20th annual meeting of the German Language Branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC GLB) held from September 7th to 10th 2015 at ETH (Swiss Technical University) in Zurich, Switzerland. The event was chaired by Inge Werner, Director of the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre) Eawag-EPFL, and organized by a team from Ecotox Centre, Eawag, Federal Office of the Environment, Federal Office of Agriculture, and Mesocosm GmbH (Germany). Over 200 delegates from academia, public agencies and private industry of Germany, Switzerland and Austria attended and discussed the current state of science and its application presented in 75 talks and 83 posters. In addition, three invited keynote speakers provided new insights into scientific knowledge ‘brokering’, and—as it was the International Year of Soil—the important role of healthy soil ecosystems. Awards were presented to young scientists for best oral and poster presentations, and for best 2014 master and doctoral theses. Program and abstracts of the meeting (mostly in German) are provided as Additional file 1.
Inflammatory diseases including psoriasis are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is associated with greater psoriasis disease severity and reduced response to treatment. Therefore, targeting metabolic comorbidities could improve patients’ health status and psoriasis-specific outcomes. METABOLyx is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the combination of a lifestyle intervention program with secukinumab treatment in psoriasis. Here, the rationale, methodology and baseline patient characteristics of METABOLyx are presented. A total of 768 patients with concomitant moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and metabolic syndrome were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg, or secukinumab 300 mg plus a tailored lifestyle intervention program, over 24 weeks. A substudy of immunologic and metabolic biomarkers is ongoing. The primary endpoint of METABOLyx is PASI90 response at week 24. Other endpoints include patient-reported outcomes and safety. METABOLyx represents the first large scale clinical trial of an immunomodulatory biologic in combination with a standardized lifestyle intervention.
[D]ieser Veranstaltungstyp [wurde] 1996 etabliert […] und die komparatistisch angelegte Konferenz der Abteilung 2012 [wird] nunmehr zum 17. Mal in Folge ausgerichtet […]. Über den Kreis der 15 Referenten hinaus war sie mit etwa 120 aktiv mitdiskutierenden Teilnehmern gut besucht. Thematisch orientiert sich die Konferenz jeweils an einem Semesterkurs, den die Studierenden der am Department angebotenen Master‐Studiengänge (Deutsch, Französisch, Spanisch, Italienisch) durchlaufen.
Rezension zu Volker Zenk: Innere Forschungsreisen. Literarischer Exotismus in Deutschland zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, Oldenburg (Igel Verlag Wissenschaft) 2003 (= Literatur- und Medienwissenschaft; Bd. 89). 424 Seiten.
Mit seiner Dissertation legt der Autor eine Synthese der in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Einzeluntersuchungen zerstreuten Forschung zur exotistischen Literatur der Jahrhundertwende vor.
Reika Hane, die heute als Hochschullehrerin in der Germanistik der Tokyoter Chuo University unterrichtet, hat über die "Gewalt des Schweigens" 2012 an der Universität Köln bei Wilhelm Voßkamp promoviert. Das vorliegende Buch ist die überarbeitete Fassung ihrer Dissertation und behandelt in vier Kapiteln eine Reihe von Texten aus der japanischen und deutschsprachigen Nachkriegsliteratur. Sie stammen aus den Federn von Thomas Bernhard, Kôbô Abe, Ingeborg Bachmann und Kenzaburô Ôe. Die Einleitung situiert das Projekt Hanes "im Rahmen einer Kritik der Gewalt". Im Anschluss an Louis Althusser, der die Unterwerfung des Subjekts durch Anrufung betont, verweist Hane mit Judith Butler darauf, dass Schweigen eine Form der Gewalt ist, die selbst eine "minimale Anerkennung" verweigert.