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The pT-differential production cross section of prompt Λ+c charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at midrapidity. The Λ+c and Λ¯¯¯¯−c were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes Λ+c→pK−π+, Λ+c→pK0S and in the semileptonic channel Λ+c→e+νeΛ (and charge conjugates). The measured values of the Λ+c/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity and pT intervals, where the Λ+c production process may differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the Λ+c nuclear modification factor, RpPb, is also presented. The RpPb is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm quark interactions with a deconfined medium.
The first measurement of e+e− pair production at mid-rapidity (|ηe| < 0.8) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV with ALICE at the LHC is presented. The dielectron production is studied as a function of the invariant mass (mee < 3.3 GeV/c2), the pair transverse momentum (pT,ee < 8 GeV/c), and the pair transverse impact parameter (DCAee), i.e., the average distance of closest approach of the reconstructed electron and positron tracks to the collision vertex, normalised to its resolution. The results are compared with the expectations from a cocktail of known hadronic sources and are well described when PYTHIA is used to generate the heavy-flavour contributions. In the low-mass region (0.14 < mee < 1.1 GeV/c2), prompt and non-prompt e+e− sources can be separated via the DCAee. In the intermediate-mass region (1.1 < mee < 2.7 GeV/c2), a double-differential fit to the data in mee and pT,ee and a fit of the DCAee distribution allow the total cc¯¯ and bb¯¯¯ cross sections to be extracted. Two different event generators, PYTHIA and POWHEG, can reproduce the shape of the two-dimensional mee and pT,ee spectra, as well as the shape of the DCAee distribution, reasonably well. However, differences in the cc¯¯ and bb¯¯¯ cross sections are observed when using the generators to extrapolate to full phase space. Finally, the ratio of inclusive to decay photons is studied via the measurement of virtual direct photons in the transverse-momentum range 1 < pT < 8 GeV/c. This is found to be unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties and consistent with expectations from next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations.
The first measurement of e+e− pair production at mid-rapidity (|ηe| < 0.8) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV with ALICE at the LHC is presented. The dielectron production is studied as a function of the invariant mass (mee < 3.3 GeV/c2), the pair transverse momentum (pT,ee < 8 GeV/c), and the pair transverse impact parameter (DCAee), i.e., the average distance of closest approach of the reconstructed electron and positron tracks to the collision vertex, normalised to its resolution. The results are compared with the expectations from a cocktail of known hadronic sources and are well described when PYTHIA is used to generate the heavy-flavour contributions. In the low-mass region (0.14 < mee < 1.1 GeV/c2), prompt and non-prompt e+e− sources can be separated via the DCAee. In the intermediate-mass region (1.1 < mee < 2.7 GeV/c2), a double-differential fit to the data in mee and pT,ee and a fit of the DCAee distribution allow the total cc¯¯ and bb¯¯¯ cross sections to be extracted. Two different event generators, PYTHIA and POWHEG, can reproduce the shape of the two-dimensional mee and pT,ee spectra, as well as the shape of the DCAee distribution, reasonably well. However, differences in the cc¯¯ and bb¯¯¯ cross sections are observed when using the generators to extrapolate to full phase space. Finally, the ratio of inclusive to decay photons is studied via the measurement of virtual direct photons in the transverse-momentum range 1 < pT < 8 GeV/c. This is found to be unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties and consistent with expectations from next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations.
The production of the ρ(770)0 meson has been measured at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp and centrality differential Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The particles have been reconstructed in the ρ(770)→π+π− decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 0.5−11 GeV/c. A centrality dependent suppression of the ratio of the integrated yields 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) is observed. The ratio decreases by ∼40% from pp to central Pb-Pb collisions. A study of the pT-differential 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) ratio reveals that the suppression occurs at low transverse momenta, pT<2 GeV/c. At higher momentum, particle ratios measured in heavy-ion and pp collisions are consistent. The observed suppression is very similar to that previously measured for the K∗(892)0/K ratio and is consistent with EPOS3 predictions that may imply that rescattering in the hadronic phase is a dominant mechanism for the observed suppression.
The production of the ρ(770)0 meson has been measured at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp and centrality differential Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The particles have been reconstructed in the ρ(770)→π+π− decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 0.5−11 GeV/c. A centrality dependent suppression of the ratio of the integrated yields 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) is observed. The ratio decreases by ∼40% from pp to central Pb-Pb collisions. A study of the pT-differential 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) ratio reveals that the suppression occurs at low transverse momenta, pT<2 GeV/c. At higher momentum, particle ratios measured in heavy-ion and pp collisions are consistent. The observed suppression is very similar to that previously measured for the K∗(892)0/K ratio and is consistent with EPOS3 predictions that may imply that rescattering in the hadronic phase is a dominant mechanism for the observed suppression.
The production of the ρ(770)0 meson has been measured at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp and centrality differential Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The particles have been reconstructed in the ρ(770)→π+π− decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 0.5−11 GeV/c. A centrality dependent suppression of the ratio of the integrated yields 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) is observed. The ratio decreases by ∼40% from pp to central Pb-Pb collisions. A study of the pT-differential 2ρ(770)0/(π++π−) ratio reveals that the suppression occurs at low transverse momenta, pT<2 GeV/c. At higher momentum, particle ratios measured in heavy-ion and pp collisions are consistent. The observed suppression is very similar to that previously measured for the K∗(892)0/K ratio and is consistent with EPOS3 predictions that may imply that rescattering in the hadronic phase is a dominant mechanism for the observed suppression.
Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in Xe-Xe interactions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.44 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed via its decay into a muon pair, in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5<y<4 and down to zero transverse momentum. In this Letter, the nuclear modification factors RAA for inclusive J/ψ, measured in the centrality range 0-90% as well as in the centrality intervals 0-20% and 20-90% are presented. The RAA values are compared to previously published results for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV and to the calculation of a transport model. A good agreement is found between Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb results as well as between data and the model.
Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in Xe-Xe interactions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.44 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed via its decay into a muon pair, in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5<y<4 and down to zero transverse momentum. In this Letter, the nuclear modification factors RAA for inclusive J/ψ, measured in the centrality range 0-90% as well as in the centrality intervals 0-20% and 20-90% are presented. The RAA values are compared to previously published results for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV and to the calculation of a transport model. A good agreement is found between Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb results as well as between data and the model.
Transverse momentum (pT) spectra of charged particles at mid-pseudorapidity in Xe-Xe collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.44 TeV measured with the ALICE apparatus at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The kinematic range 0.15<pT<50 GeV/c and |η|<0.8 is covered. Results are presented in nine classes of collision centrality in the 0-80% range. For comparison, a pp reference at the collision energy of s√ = 5.44 TeV is obtained by interpolating between existing \pp measurements at s√ = 5.02 and 7 TeV. The nuclear modification factors in central Xe-Xe collisions and Pb-Pb collisions at a similar center-of-mass energy of sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV, and in addition at 2.76 TeV, at analogous ranges of charged particle multiplicity density ⟨dNch/dη⟩ show a remarkable similarity at pT>10 GeV/c. The comparison of the measured RAA values in the two colliding systems could provide insight on the path length dependence of medium-induced parton energy loss. The centrality dependence of the ratio of the average transverse momentum ⟨pT⟩ in Xe-Xe collisions over Pb-Pb collision at s√ = 5.02 TeV is compared to hydrodynamical model calculations.
Measurements of inclusive and direct photon production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at s√=2.76 and 8 TeV are presented by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The results are reported in transverse momentum ranges of 0.4<pT<10 GeV/c and 0.3<pT<16 GeV/c, respectively. Photons are detected with the electromagnetic calorimeter~(EMCal) and via reconstruction of e+e− pairs from conversions in the ALICE detector material using the central tracking system. For the final measurement of the inclusive photon spectra the results are combined in the overlapping pT interval of both methods. Direct photon spectra, or their upper limits at 90% C.L. are extracted using the direct photon excess ratio Rγ, which quantifies the ratio of inclusive photons over decay photons generated with a decay-photon simulation. An additional hybrid method, combining photons reconstructed from conversions with those identified in the EMCal, is used for the combination of the direct photon excess ratio Rγ, as well as the extraction of direct photon spectra or their upper limits. While no significant signal of direct photons is seen over the full pT range, Rγ for pT>7 GeV/c is at least one σ above unity and consistent with expectations from next-to-leading order pQCD calculations.