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We report results on the ratio of midrapidity antiproton-to-proton yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV per nucleon pair as measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Within the rapidity and transverse momentum range of | y|<0.5 and 0.4<pt<1.0 GeV/c, the ratio is essentially independent of either transverse momentum or rapidity, with an average of 0.65±0.01(stat)±0.07(syst) for minimum bias collisions. Within errors, no strong centrality dependence is observed. The results indicate that at this RHIC energy, although the p-p-bar pair production becomes important at midrapidity, a significant excess of baryons over antibaryons is still present.
The elliptic flow of inclusive and direct photons was measured at mid-rapidity in two centrality classes 0–20% and 20–40% in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV by ALICE. Photons were detected with the highly segmented electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS and via conversions in the detector material with the e+e− pairs reconstructed in the central tracking system. The results of the two methods were combined and the direct-photon elliptic flow was extracted in the transverse momentum range 0.9 < pT < 6.2 GeV/c. A comparison to RHIC data shows a similar magnitude of the measured directphoton elliptic flow. Hydrodynamic and transport model calculations are systematically lower than the data, but are found to be compatible.
The measurement of dielectron production is presented as a function of invariant mass and transverse momentum (pT) at midrapidity (|ye| < 0.8) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. The contributions from light-hadron decays are calculated from their measured cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV or 13 TeV. The remaining continuum stems from correlated semileptonic decays of heavy-flavour hadrons. Fitting the data with templates from two different MC event generators, PYTHIA and POWHEG, the charm and beauty cross sections at midrapidity are extracted for the first time at this collision energy: dσcc¯/dy|y=0 = 974 ± 138 (stat.) ± 140 (syst.) ± 214(BR) μb and dσbb¯ /dy|y=0 = 79 ± 14 (stat.) ± 11 (syst.) ± 5(BR) μb using PYTHIA simulations and dσcc¯/dy|y=0 = 1417 ± 184 (stat.) ± 204 (syst.) ± 312(BR) μb and dσbb¯ /dy|y=0 = 48 ± 14 (stat.) ± 7 (syst.) ± 3(BR) μb for POWHEG. These values, whose uncertainties are fully correlated between the two generators, are consistent with extrapolations from lower energies. The different results obtained with POWHEG and PYTHIA imply different kinematic correlations of the heavy-quark pairs in these two generators. Furthermore, comparisons of dielectron spectra in inelastic events and in events collected with a trigger on high charged-particle multiplicities are presented in various pT intervals. The differences are consistent with the already measured scaling of light-hadron and open-charm production at high charged-particle multiplicity as a function of pT. Upper limits for the contribution of virtual direct photons are extracted at 90% confidence level and found to be in agreement with pQCD calculations.
Charged-particle spectra at midrapidity are measured in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair √sNN = 5.02 TeV and presented in centrality classes ranging from most central (0–5%) to most peripheral (95–100%) collisions. Possible medium effects are quantified using the nuclear modification factor (RAA) by comparing the measured spectra with those from proton–proton collisions, scaled by the number of independent nucleon–nucleon collisions obtained from a Glauber model. At large transverse momenta (8 < pT < 20 GeV/c), the average RAA is found to increase from about 0.15 in 0–5% central to a maximum value of about 0.8 in 75–85% peripheral collisions, beyond which it falls off strongly to below 0.2 for the most peripheral collisions. Furthermore, RAA initially exhibits a positive slope as a function of pT in the 8–20 GeV/c interval, while for collisions beyond the 80% class the slope is negative. To reduce uncertainties related to event selection and normalization, we also provide the ratio of RAA in adjacent centrality intervals. Our results in peripheral collisions are consistent with a PYTHIA-based model without nuclear modification, demonstrating that biases caused by the event selection and collision geometry can lead to the apparent suppression in peripheral collisions. This explains the unintuitive observation that RAA is below unity in peripheral Pb–Pb, but equal to unity in minimum-bias p–Pb collisions despite similar charged-particle multiplicities.
Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in Xe–Xe interactions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN = 5.44 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed via its decay into a muon pair, in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4 and down to zero transverse momentum. In this Letter, the nuclear modification factors RAA for inclusive J/ψ, measured in the centrality range 0–90% as well as in the centrality intervals 0–20% and 20–90% are presented. The RAA values are compared to previously published results for Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and to the calculation of a transport model. A good agreement is found between Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb results as well as between data and the model.
Inclusive ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) production have been measured in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair √sNN = 5.02 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The ϒ mesons are reconstructed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4 and in the transversemomentum range pT < 15 GeV/c, via their decays to muon pairs. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive ϒ(1S) nuclear modification factor RAA as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity. The ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) RAA, integrated over the centrality range 0–90%, are 0.37± 0.02(stat) ± 0.03(syst) and 0.10 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.02(syst), respectively, leading to a ratio Rϒ(2S) AA /Rϒ(1S) AA of 0.28±0.12(stat)±0.06(syst). The observed ϒ(1S) suppression increases with the centrality of the collision and no significant variation is observed as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity.
In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements of the charged-particle multiplicity density, dNch/dη, and total charged-particle multiplicity, Ntot ch , in Xe–Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair of √sNN = 5.44 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of collision centrality over a wide pseudorapidity range of −3.5 < η < 5. The values of dNch/dη at mid-rapidity and Ntot ch for central collisions, normalised to the number of nucleons participating in the collision (Npart) as a function of √sNN follow the trends established in previous heavy-ion measurements. The same quantities are also found to increase as a function of Npart, and up to the 5% most central collisions the trends are the same as the ones observed in Pb–Pb at a similar energy. For more central collisions, the Xe–Xe scaled multiplicities exceed those in Pb–Pb for a similar Npart. The results are compared to phenomenological models and theoretical calculations based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions. All considered models describe the data reasonably well within 15%.
The production of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) resonances has been measured in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV using the ALICE detector. Resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels in the rapidity interval −0.5 < y < 0 and the transverse momentum spectra are measured for various multiplicity classes up to pT = 20 GeV/c for K∗(892)0 and pT = 16 GeV/c for ϕ(1020). The pT -integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are reported and compared with previous results in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions. The xT scaling for K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) resonance production is newly tested in p-Pb collisions and found to hold in the high-pT region at LHC energies. The nuclear modification factors (RpPb) as a function of pT for K∗0 and ϕ at sNN−−−−√ = 8.16 TeV are presented along with the new RpPb measurements of K∗0, ϕ , Ξ, and Ω at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. At intermediate pT (2-8 GeV/c), RpPb of Ξ, Ω show a Cronin-like enhancement, while K∗0 and ϕ show no or little nuclear modification. At high pT (> 8 GeV/c), the RpPb values of all hadrons are consistent with unity within uncertainties. The RpPb of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) at sNN−−−√ = 8.16 and 5.02 TeV show no significant energy dependence.
The production of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) resonances has been measured in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV using the ALICE detector. Resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels in the rapidity interval −0.5 < y < 0 and the transverse momentum spectra are measured for various multiplicity classes up to pT = 20 GeV/c for K∗(892)0 and pT = 16 GeV/c for ϕ(1020). The pT -integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are reported and compared with previous results in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions. The xT scaling for K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) resonance production is newly tested in p-Pb collisions and found to hold in the high-pT region at Large Hadron Collider energies. The nuclear modification factors (RpPb) as a function of pT for K∗0 and ϕ at sNN−−−−√ = 8.16 TeV are presented along with the new RpPb measurements of K∗0, ϕ , Ξ, and Ω at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. At intermediate pT (2-8 GeV/c), RpPb of Ξ, Ω show a Cronin-like enhancement, while K∗0 and ϕ show no or little nuclear modification. At high pT (> 8 GeV/c), the RpPb values of all hadrons are consistent with unity within uncertainties. The RpPb of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) at sNN−−−√ = 8.16 and 5.02 TeV show no significant energy dependence.