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The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC was upgraded for Run 3 and Run 4. Readout chambers based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology and a new readout scheme allow continuous data taking at the highest interaction rates expected in Pb-Pb collisions. Due to the absence of a gating grid system, a significant amount of ions created in the multiplication region is expected to enter the TPC drift volume and distort the uniform electric field that guides the electrons to the readout pads. Analytical calculations were considered to correct for space-charge distortion fluctuations but they proved to be too slow for the calibration and reconstruction workflow in Run 3. In this paper, we discuss a novel strategy developed by the ALICE Collaboration to perform distortion-fluctuation corrections with machine learning and convolutional neural network techniques. The results of preliminary studies are shown and the prospects for further development and optimization are also discussed.
Macrophage and tumor cell cross-talk is fundamental for lung tumor progression: we need to talk
(2020)
Regardless of the promising results of certain immune checkpoint blockers, current immunotherapeutics have met a bottleneck concerning response rate, toxicity, and resistance in lung cancer patients. Accumulating evidence forecasts that the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells takes center stage in cancer development by modulating tumor malignancy, immune cell infiltration, and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines and chemokines secreted by this crosstalk play a major role in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic management. An increased infiltration of Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was observed in most of the human cancers, including lung cancer. In this review, we emphasize the role of cytokines and chemokines in TAM-tumor cell crosstalk in the lung TME. Given the role of cytokines and chemokines in immunomodulation, we propose that TAM-derived cytokines and chemokines govern the cancer-promoting immune responses in the TME and offer a new immunotherapeutic option for lung cancer treatment.
Die Neuartigkeit des hier gewählten Ansatzes besteht darin, Komiktheorie, Wissenschaftslogik und Sprachphilosophie so aufeinander zu beziehen, daß die komische Abweichung als Resultat diskursiver Dummheit beschrieben werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang soll die Entfaltung des Peirceschen Abduktionsbegriffs dazu dienen, die bei der "komischen Abweichung von der Norm" zusammenspielenden anthropologischen, kulturellen und diskursiven Theorien des Lachens und des Komischen unter einem einheitlichen systematischen Gesichtspunkt zu explizieren. Dies wirft insofern ein neues Licht auf die bisherigen Komiktheorien, als diese die komische Unangemessenheit in erster Linie als Abweichung von konventionalen Normen begriffen hatten, deren offensichtlichste Form die karnevaleske Verkehrung ist. Dagegen werde ich mit Blick auf die "Logik der Abduktion" zeigen, daß die komische Unangemessenheit als karnevalisierende Verkehrung der ökonomischen Leitprinzipien abduktiven Folgerns aufzufassen ist – und zwar hinsichtlich der psychologisch motivierten Denkökonomie des einzelnen, der forschungslogisch motivierten "Economy of Research" und der dialogisch-kommunikativ motivierten "Ökonomie des Diskurses".
This article presents new directions of literary and media memory studies. It distinguishes between (1) the study of "traumatic pasts", i.e. representations of war and violence in literature and other media, (2) diachronic and intermedial approaches to "literary afterlives" and (3) recent insights into the inherent transculturality of memory and their consequences for literary and media studies. Keywords: cultural memory studies, literature and memory, media and memory, transcultural memory