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The endozoic ciliates of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 typically inhabit the hindgut of wood-feeding panesthiine cockroaches. To assess the consistency of species delimitation in clevelandellids, we tested the utility of three sources of taxonomic data: morphometric measurements, cell geometrical information, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The morphometric and geometrical data delimited the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously. However, only Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 represented a homogenous taxon in both morphological and molecular analyses; the morphospecies Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937) and C. hastula (Kidder, 1937) contained two or three distinct, more or less closely related genotypes each; and the genetic homogeneity of the morphospecies C. panesthiae (Kidder, 1937) and C. parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937) was not corroborated by the 18S rRNA gene sequences at all. Moreover, the 18S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested the C. panesthiae-like morphotype to be the ancestral phenotype from which all other clevelandellid morphotypes arose. The only exception was the C. constricta-like morphotype, which very likely branched off before the diversification of the C. panesthiae-like progenitor. The present molecular analyses also suggested that a huge proportion of the clevelandellid diversity still waits to be discovered, since examination of only four panesthiine populations revealed 10 distinct clevelandellid genotypes/molecular species.
Three new species of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) from moss cushions from Puerto Rico are described: Borinken toronegro Konstantinov and Linzmeier and Kiskeya segar-rai Konstantinov and Linzmeier from the Toro Negro mountain region and Kiskeya micheliorum Konstantinov and Linzmeier from the Maricao mountains. New species are compared morphologically with already known species from the same genera. In addition, to determine the similarities between moss inhabiting flea beetles, we sequenced the Cytochrome oxidase I barcode region of larval and adult specimens. In all cases, the distances between species are well outside the 2% species-limit cutoff typically used as an indicator of different species.
A survey for myxomycetes (plasmodial slime moulds or myxogastrids) was carried out on Norfolk Island in June 2019. The overall objective was to collect both specimens that had fruited in the field under natural conditions as well as specimens appearing in moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of dead plant material collected on the island. However, only three species were recorded as field collections over a period of almost two weeks, so the primary focus of the survey was redirected to collecting samples for moist chamber cultures. Approxmately 120 samples of dead plant material collected from 21 different sampling sites on the island and used to prepare 356 moist chamber cultures yielded a total of 497 specimens. These specimens included at least 48 species in 18 genera. This brings the total number of species and genera now known from Norfolk Island to 55 and 19, respectively.
Am 7. Oktober 2019 starb plötzlich und unerwartet DIETRICH BÜSCHER, der von uns allen DIETER genannt wurde. Er gehörte seit den 1980er Jahren zu den bekanntesten und sicherlich auch emsigsten Botanikern Nordrhein-Westfalens und war im BOCHUMER BOTANISCHEN VEREIN eines der ersten Mitglieder. DIETER erforschte nicht nur jahrzehntelang die Flora des Landes, sondern setzte sich auch aktiv und energisch für den Erhalt der Natur ein. Mit ihm verliert unser Verein und insbesondere auch das Ruhrgebiet einen der besten Kenner der hiesigen Flora und ihrer Veränderungen in den letzten 40 Jahren.
Nemaspela Šilhavý, 1966 (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) is a genus of exclusively troglobiotic harvestmen species inhabiting caves in the Crimea, Caucasus and Balkan Peninsula. In this paper, Nemaspela borkoae sp. nov., recently found in four caves in Montenegro, is described. The new species is characterized by its small body, 1.5–2.1 mm long, and very long, thin appendages, with legs II about 15 times as long as the body. Although very similar, Nemaspela ladae Karaman, 2013 and N. borkoae sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the terminally rounded vs conical glans, straight vs conspicuously ventrally bent pedipalp tarsus on its proximal portion and pedipalp tarsus measuring about ½ vs ⅔ tibia length. Nemaspela ladae and N. borkoae sp. nov. constitute the western Nemaspela group, both missing the male cheliceral apophysis present in all species of the eastern Nemaspela group from the Crimea and Caucasus, except in N. femorecurvata Martens, 2006. However, according to the glans morphology, N. borkoae sp. nov. seems much more closely related to several species from the Caucasus than to N. ladae from the Balkan Peninsula. We speculate that N. ladae and N. borkoae sp. nov. might originate from two epigean ancestral lineages.
Neofidia Strother nom. nov., is proposed as the replacement name for Fidia Baly, 1863, a junior homonym of Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 (not 1860, Griffin 1936). A list of the included species of Neofidia Strother nom. nov. and Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 is provided for clarity. Fidia medvedevi nom. nov. is the new replacement name proposed for Lypesthes vietnamicus Medvedev, 2015. Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) is redescribed and habitus, male and female genitalia are figured. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is reported as a new host of F. kanaraensis and partial information on the life history is provided. Eggs are laid singly on the surface of soil, and are covered with excreta and soil. Larvae tunnel into the tender roots. Adults are nocturnal and feed on tender leaves.
Im Rahmen einer Kartierung und FFH-Bewertung von für den Klettersport genutzten Felsen im Werra-Meißner-Kreis wurde Asplenium fontanum (Jura-Streifenfarn) im Gebiet des "Ellersteines" nordöstlich der Ortschaft Hundelshausen bei Witzenhausen 2014 mit einer Pflanze erstmals nachgewiesen (Rasterfeld 4625/3). Vorher galt der Jura-Streifenfarn, eine in Deutschland sehr seltene Art, in Hessen seit circa 1950 als erloschen. Mit den Populationen in der Schwäbischen Alb, am Kyffhäuser und bei Wolfstein (Rheinland-Pfalz) bildete dieser A.-fontanum-Fund die bekannten Vorkommen der letzten Jahre in Deutschland. Bei dem hessischen A.-fontanum-Vorkommen im Bereich des Ellerstein-Felskomplexes handelte sich um das nördlichste Vorkommen an einem natürlichen Standort in Deutschland. Der Wuchsort des Farnes befindet sich in einem Buchenwald auf einem kleinen Dolomit-Felsblock vor einer Felswand, die zum Bouldern genutzt wird (Klettern ohne Seilsicherung in Absprunghöhe). Aufgrund der Position und Ungeschütztheit des Wuchsortes erschien der Farn ausgesprochen gefährdet gegenüber mechanischem Abrieb durch Kletterer. Der von 2014 bis 2018 beobachtete Farn trieb 2019 nicht mehr aus. Die Ursachen dafür sind nicht eindeutig. So könnte die extreme und außergewöhnlich lang anhaltende Dürre im Jahr 2018 mit anschließenden meist zu trockenen Winter- und Frühjahrsmonaten verantwortlich sein. Verbiss oder negative Auswirkungen des Klettersports auf den Farn sind jedoch nicht auszuschließen. Daher werden die für den Farn im Ellerstein-Felskomplex festgestellten Gefährdungen in der vorliegenden Arbeit diskutiert und Empfehlungen für Artenhilfsmaßnahmen gegeben. Insbesondere wird ein vollständiger Verzicht auf Klettern und ein Aussetzen der Waldbewirtschaftung am Wuchsort und an potenziellen Siedlungsstellen der unmittelbaren Umgebung vorgeschlagen. Entsprechende Maßnahmen gelten sinngemäß für andere sehr seltene oder stark gefährdete Pflanzenarten, die in exponierten, ungeschützten Positionen an Felsen wachsen.
Adenomera simonstuarti is a poorly known species complex inhabiting western Amazonia. Here we reevaluate the species diversity within this complex based on previously documented and newly acquired molecular and phenotypic data. We also redescribe the calling pattern of the nominal species based on the original recording (Peru) and a new recording (Brazil). Our results indicate eight geographically structured genetic lineages and the nominal species with a multi-note call pattern. This is the first association of calls and DNA sequence from a voucher specimen, thereby enabling the assignment of A. simonstuarti to one specific lineage within the complex. The multi-note call was not previously reported and represents an important additional diagnostic character within Adenomera. The geographic distribution of A. simonstuarti is substantially narrowed down to the southwestern portion of the entire geographic range recognized for the complex. The lack of taxonomic resolution in the complex is a major conservation concern by preventing us from evaluating the potential threats and extinction risks of each of the lineages. Future research should follow the protocol of combining calls and DNA sequences associated with voucher specimens as a means to address the taxonomic status of genetic lineages within the A. simonstuarti complex.