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The endozoic ciliates of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 typically inhabit the hindgut of wood-feeding panesthiine cockroaches. To assess the consistency of species delimitation in clevelandellids, we tested the utility of three sources of taxonomic data: morphometric measurements, cell geometrical information, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The morphometric and geometrical data delimited the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously. However, only Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 represented a homogenous taxon in both morphological and molecular analyses; the morphospecies Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937) and C. hastula (Kidder, 1937) contained two or three distinct, more or less closely related genotypes each; and the genetic homogeneity of the morphospecies C. panesthiae (Kidder, 1937) and C. parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937) was not corroborated by the 18S rRNA gene sequences at all. Moreover, the 18S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested the C. panesthiae-like morphotype to be the ancestral phenotype from which all other clevelandellid morphotypes arose. The only exception was the C. constricta-like morphotype, which very likely branched off before the diversification of the C. panesthiae-like progenitor. The present molecular analyses also suggested that a huge proportion of the clevelandellid diversity still waits to be discovered, since examination of only four panesthiine populations revealed 10 distinct clevelandellid genotypes/molecular species.
Three new species of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) from moss cushions from Puerto Rico are described: Borinken toronegro Konstantinov and Linzmeier and Kiskeya segar-rai Konstantinov and Linzmeier from the Toro Negro mountain region and Kiskeya micheliorum Konstantinov and Linzmeier from the Maricao mountains. New species are compared morphologically with already known species from the same genera. In addition, to determine the similarities between moss inhabiting flea beetles, we sequenced the Cytochrome oxidase I barcode region of larval and adult specimens. In all cases, the distances between species are well outside the 2% species-limit cutoff typically used as an indicator of different species.
A survey for myxomycetes (plasmodial slime moulds or myxogastrids) was carried out on Norfolk Island in June 2019. The overall objective was to collect both specimens that had fruited in the field under natural conditions as well as specimens appearing in moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of dead plant material collected on the island. However, only three species were recorded as field collections over a period of almost two weeks, so the primary focus of the survey was redirected to collecting samples for moist chamber cultures. Approxmately 120 samples of dead plant material collected from 21 different sampling sites on the island and used to prepare 356 moist chamber cultures yielded a total of 497 specimens. These specimens included at least 48 species in 18 genera. This brings the total number of species and genera now known from Norfolk Island to 55 and 19, respectively.
Am 7. Oktober 2019 starb plötzlich und unerwartet DIETRICH BÜSCHER, der von uns allen DIETER genannt wurde. Er gehörte seit den 1980er Jahren zu den bekanntesten und sicherlich auch emsigsten Botanikern Nordrhein-Westfalens und war im BOCHUMER BOTANISCHEN VEREIN eines der ersten Mitglieder. DIETER erforschte nicht nur jahrzehntelang die Flora des Landes, sondern setzte sich auch aktiv und energisch für den Erhalt der Natur ein. Mit ihm verliert unser Verein und insbesondere auch das Ruhrgebiet einen der besten Kenner der hiesigen Flora und ihrer Veränderungen in den letzten 40 Jahren.
Nemaspela Šilhavý, 1966 (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) is a genus of exclusively troglobiotic harvestmen species inhabiting caves in the Crimea, Caucasus and Balkan Peninsula. In this paper, Nemaspela borkoae sp. nov., recently found in four caves in Montenegro, is described. The new species is characterized by its small body, 1.5–2.1 mm long, and very long, thin appendages, with legs II about 15 times as long as the body. Although very similar, Nemaspela ladae Karaman, 2013 and N. borkoae sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the terminally rounded vs conical glans, straight vs conspicuously ventrally bent pedipalp tarsus on its proximal portion and pedipalp tarsus measuring about ½ vs ⅔ tibia length. Nemaspela ladae and N. borkoae sp. nov. constitute the western Nemaspela group, both missing the male cheliceral apophysis present in all species of the eastern Nemaspela group from the Crimea and Caucasus, except in N. femorecurvata Martens, 2006. However, according to the glans morphology, N. borkoae sp. nov. seems much more closely related to several species from the Caucasus than to N. ladae from the Balkan Peninsula. We speculate that N. ladae and N. borkoae sp. nov. might originate from two epigean ancestral lineages.
Neofidia Strother nom. nov., is proposed as the replacement name for Fidia Baly, 1863, a junior homonym of Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 (not 1860, Griffin 1936). A list of the included species of Neofidia Strother nom. nov. and Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 is provided for clarity. Fidia medvedevi nom. nov. is the new replacement name proposed for Lypesthes vietnamicus Medvedev, 2015. Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) is redescribed and habitus, male and female genitalia are figured. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is reported as a new host of F. kanaraensis and partial information on the life history is provided. Eggs are laid singly on the surface of soil, and are covered with excreta and soil. Larvae tunnel into the tender roots. Adults are nocturnal and feed on tender leaves.
Im Rahmen einer Kartierung und FFH-Bewertung von für den Klettersport genutzten Felsen im Werra-Meißner-Kreis wurde Asplenium fontanum (Jura-Streifenfarn) im Gebiet des "Ellersteines" nordöstlich der Ortschaft Hundelshausen bei Witzenhausen 2014 mit einer Pflanze erstmals nachgewiesen (Rasterfeld 4625/3). Vorher galt der Jura-Streifenfarn, eine in Deutschland sehr seltene Art, in Hessen seit circa 1950 als erloschen. Mit den Populationen in der Schwäbischen Alb, am Kyffhäuser und bei Wolfstein (Rheinland-Pfalz) bildete dieser A.-fontanum-Fund die bekannten Vorkommen der letzten Jahre in Deutschland. Bei dem hessischen A.-fontanum-Vorkommen im Bereich des Ellerstein-Felskomplexes handelte sich um das nördlichste Vorkommen an einem natürlichen Standort in Deutschland. Der Wuchsort des Farnes befindet sich in einem Buchenwald auf einem kleinen Dolomit-Felsblock vor einer Felswand, die zum Bouldern genutzt wird (Klettern ohne Seilsicherung in Absprunghöhe). Aufgrund der Position und Ungeschütztheit des Wuchsortes erschien der Farn ausgesprochen gefährdet gegenüber mechanischem Abrieb durch Kletterer. Der von 2014 bis 2018 beobachtete Farn trieb 2019 nicht mehr aus. Die Ursachen dafür sind nicht eindeutig. So könnte die extreme und außergewöhnlich lang anhaltende Dürre im Jahr 2018 mit anschließenden meist zu trockenen Winter- und Frühjahrsmonaten verantwortlich sein. Verbiss oder negative Auswirkungen des Klettersports auf den Farn sind jedoch nicht auszuschließen. Daher werden die für den Farn im Ellerstein-Felskomplex festgestellten Gefährdungen in der vorliegenden Arbeit diskutiert und Empfehlungen für Artenhilfsmaßnahmen gegeben. Insbesondere wird ein vollständiger Verzicht auf Klettern und ein Aussetzen der Waldbewirtschaftung am Wuchsort und an potenziellen Siedlungsstellen der unmittelbaren Umgebung vorgeschlagen. Entsprechende Maßnahmen gelten sinngemäß für andere sehr seltene oder stark gefährdete Pflanzenarten, die in exponierten, ungeschützten Positionen an Felsen wachsen.
Adenomera simonstuarti is a poorly known species complex inhabiting western Amazonia. Here we reevaluate the species diversity within this complex based on previously documented and newly acquired molecular and phenotypic data. We also redescribe the calling pattern of the nominal species based on the original recording (Peru) and a new recording (Brazil). Our results indicate eight geographically structured genetic lineages and the nominal species with a multi-note call pattern. This is the first association of calls and DNA sequence from a voucher specimen, thereby enabling the assignment of A. simonstuarti to one specific lineage within the complex. The multi-note call was not previously reported and represents an important additional diagnostic character within Adenomera. The geographic distribution of A. simonstuarti is substantially narrowed down to the southwestern portion of the entire geographic range recognized for the complex. The lack of taxonomic resolution in the complex is a major conservation concern by preventing us from evaluating the potential threats and extinction risks of each of the lineages. Future research should follow the protocol of combining calls and DNA sequences associated with voucher specimens as a means to address the taxonomic status of genetic lineages within the A. simonstuarti complex.
The Selachinematidae is a globally distributed family of predatory nematodes found from shallow waters to the abyssal plain. Here, three new species of Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 (H. ossilagulus sp. nov., H. funestus sp. nov. and H. pumilus sp. nov.) and one known species (H. ovalis Ditlevsen, 1921) are described from the New Zealand continental margin, thus bringing the total number of selachinematid species recorded from the New Zealand region to 14 and the total number of species of Halichoanolaimus to 26. The range of H. ovalis is extended from the Southern Ocean to the Southwest Pacific Ocean (latitude 42° S to 53° S); the depth range of this species, which was originally described from the littoral zone, is also extended to 1061 m depth. Dorsosublateral rows of pore complexes and pseudocoelomocytes, features that have either rarely or not been recorded previously in the genus, were observed in all four species described here. The taxonomic significance of these features remains to be ascertained for the family and will require observations of other species of Halichoanolaimus and selachinematid genera. Pseudocoelomocytes and pore complexes may have an excretory function, thus aiding to process the waste products of digestion in selachinematid taxa with a blind intestine.
The following Silvaninae (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) are included: Synobius Sharp, 1899, with its species, Synobius lobicollis Sharp, 1899 and Synobius lobatus (Grouvelle, 1896); Neocorimus thomasi, new genus and new species; Austronausibius wagneri (Grouvelle) new combination, a species originally placed in Nausibius Lentz by Grouvelle (1913); a third species of Pensus Halstead, 1973, is described, Pensus hirtus new species, and a short key given for distinguishing it from the already known species, Pensus gilae (Casey) and Pensus guatemalenus (Sharp); also Coccidotrophus Schwarz and Barber, 1921,including Coccidotrophus socialis Schwarz and Barber, 1921, Coccidotrophus cordiae Barber, 1928, Coccidotrophus wheeleri (Schwarz and Barber) new combination (a species originally placed in Eunausibius Grouvelle by Schwarz and Barber (1921)) plus two new species, Coccidotrophus platyops, new species;Coccidotrophus trinidadensis, new species making a total of five in this genus; other taxa included are, Eunausibius Grouvelle, 1913, with its described and a new species as follows, Eunausibius tenebrionoides (Grouvelle), Eunausibius jatahyensis, new species, Eunausibius elongatus (Grouvelle); and finally Annomus bolivianus, new genus and new species. Additionally, taxonomic changes are made for two species originally described in Eunausibius: Nausibius lophius (Parsons) new combination (= Eunausibius lophius Parsons) and Nausibius salutaris (Parsons) new combination (= Eunausibius salutaris Parsons). Descriptions, diagnoses, and illustrations (habitus and male genitalia line drawings plus four color habitus photographs) are provided.
An annotated list of twenty species of rarely collected and little known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) from the Himalayas is given. Sphecodes bluethgeni sp. nov. is described from Bhutan. Three species are newly recorded from the Himalayas: S. binghami Blüthgen, 1924, S. kershawi Perkins, 1921 and S. laticeps Meyer, 1920. Based on type specimens, new synonymies have been proposed for Sphecodes cameronii (Bingham, 1897) = S. armeniacus Warncke, 1992 syn. nov.; S. gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) = S. indicus Bingham, 1898 syn. nov.; and S. invidus (Cameron, 1897) = S. nigrobasalis Meyer, 1922 syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Sphecodes sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1927. Illustrated keys to males and females of all species known from the Himalayas and an updated checklist of the 26 Himalayan species of Sphecodes are provided. Additionally, one new species from neighboring Uttar Pradesh (India), Sphecodes uttaricus sp. nov., is here described as new and included due to its close relationship to the Himalayan S. sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1927.
Amphipod material collected from Brazil on Ilha do Arvoredo, (Santa Catarina), Campos Basin, (Rio de Janeiro) and Espírito Santo Basin (Espírito Santo) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean yielded new taxonomic findings for the subfamily Phtisicinae Vassilenko, 1968. Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, 1968, previously recorded from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean Sea, is herein redescribed and recorded for the first time from the Brazilian coast. The type material of Phtisica verae Quitete, 1979, a poorly described species recorded from Brazil and based only on its original description, was examined and considered herein as a junior synonym of P. marina Slabber, 1769, a well-known and widely distributed species from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, Phtisica marina is redescribed, with its two morphotypes of male gnathopod two, and compared with previous descriptions. The geographic distribution of both H. wigleyi and P. marina is provided.
Glaresis franki Keller and Skelley new species and Glaresis thomasi Keller and Skelley new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaresidae) are described and illustrated. They represent the first record of the family for the West Indies. Both species are placed into the phoenicis species group. A key to the two West Indies species is presented.
Several taxa of Stephanodiscaceae were found in the upper section of Pleistocene sediments from Lake Petén-Itzá (Guatemala). A new fossil genus Cyclocostis Paillès gen. nov. and new extant species Discostella gabinii Paillès & Sylvestre sp. nov. are described. Cyclocostis gen. nov. is characterized by a strongly tangentially undulated valve surface, coarse unequal striation reaching a central punctum in the valve center, an absence of central lamina and domed criba, widely open alveoli with one median recessed costa bearing marginal fultoportulae and a single rimoportula all within a ring. A single valve face fultoportula is present on the raised part of the valve opposite the rimoportula. Differences relative to similar genera and the delimitation of a new genus are discussed. Discostella gabinii sp. nov. is distinguished by circular and flat valves, a small central area bearing 5 to > 30 scattered large areolae giving a colliculate appearance, medium-sized alveoli, marginal fultoportulae on every 4–5th costa, a single rimoportula and internally smooth valve center. Differences to similar taxa in the genus Discostella are discussed. The succession of the species of Cyclotella, Discostella and Cyclocostis gen. nov. in our record could represent eco-phenotypic responses to particular environmental stress / change.
Two new genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Luctithonus Lingafelter and Duocristala Lingafelter, are described from Hispaniola. Two new species of Luctithonus are described: Luctithonus aski Lingafelter and L. duartensis Lingafelter. A third species, L. pantherinus (Zayas), is newly recorded from Hispaniola and the Dominican Republic (new country record), and transferred from Sternidius Haldeman as a new combination. Additional new species of Lamiinae are described from Hispaniola: Eugamandus albipumilus Lingafelter; Leptostylopsis opuntiae Lingafelter; and Lethes turnbowi Lingafelter. Keys to tribes of Lamiinae, genera of Acanthocinini, and species of Luctithonus in Hispaniola are included.
Nine species of Graphidaceae are described as new to science from South and Central Brazil, in 7 different genera: Acanthothecis normuralis, A. psoromica, Acanthotrema minus, Aggregatorygma submuriforme, Allographa medioinspersa, Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum, Fissurina excavatisorediosa, Graphis norsorediata, and Graphis tricolor.
Eleven species of lichens are described as new from the Serra do Bodoquena in Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil): Alyxoria cyanea, Astrothelium ochraceum, Chiodecton xanthonosorediatum, Gyalecta perithecioidea, Gyalecta uniseptata, Pyrenula rubroacutispora, Ramonia xylophila, Synarthonia xanthosarcographoides, Trypethelium aureornatum, Trypethelium endoflavum, and Trypethelium xanthostiolornatum. Around 400 further species are reported, of which 27 are first records for Brazil and 265 are first records for the state.
The Pantanal is a wetland biome in the interior of Brazil. It is known for its rich macrofauna. Botanically, it is relatively species poor, although the marshes have trees and shrubs throughout and there are occasional forested, even somewhat rocky hills. Lichens have received only scant attention so far, but the area is not very species rich (Canêz et al. 2020). We visited the Pantanal several times and collected in different areas. Here we describe four new species, one of which is locally the most common macrolichen, which was found on places elsewhere in the state and in the bordering state of Mato Grosso as well.
New or otherwise interesting lichens. VII, including a world key to the lichen genus Heiomasia
(2020)
Eight species new to science are described, Allographa grandis from Cameroon which is distinguished by its very large ascomata, richly muriform, large ascospores and an inspersed hymenium (type B); Bapalmuia microspora from Malaysia which differs from B. consanguinea in having shorter and broader ascospores and a granular thallus; Diorygma cameroonense from Cameroon which differs from D. sticticum in having larger ascospores with more septa; Glyphis frischiana which is similar to G. atrofusca but differs in producing secondary lichen compounds, the first species in Glyphis in doing so. Two new species are added to the genus Heiomasia, viz. H. annamariae from Malaysia, which differs from H. sipmanii in producing the stictic acid aggr. and H. siamensis from Thailand, distinguished from H. sipmanii in containing hypoprotocetraric acid as a major metabolite. The published chemistry of several species of Heiomasia is revised and a new substance, heiomaseic acid, with relative Rf-values 5/19/8, is demonstrated for H. seaveyorum, H. siamensis and H. sipmanii. A world-wide key to the known species of Heiomasia is presented. Myriotrema squamiferum, a fertile species from Malaysia, is distinguished from M. frondosolucens by lacking lichexanthone. As there are conflicting literature data concerning Ocellularia crocea, the type specimen was investigated and the results are reported. Ocellularia macrocrocea, a related species from Malaysia, differs from O. rubropolydiscus in lacking the red pigment covering the disc of the ascomata and in having a broad stump-shaped columella. A revised chemistry for Ocellularia tanii, a new record for Sarawak, is also given. A table of Rfvalues and scans of relevant TLC runs facilitate the interpretation of the spots occurring on TLC plates of Graphidaceae.
Eight new lichen species are described from South America, Malaysia and Thailand, viz. Chapsa canaimae from Venezuela, which differs from C. alborosella in having distictly smaller ascospores with less septa, Dirinaria hypoleuca from Thailand, which differs from the isidiate D. papillulifera in having a whitish lower surface, Myriotrema robertianum from Brazil, which differs from M. viride in having an inspersed hymenium, Myriotrema subzollingeri from Brazil, which differs from M. glauculum in having brown ascospores, Ocellularia jutaratiae from Brazil, which differs from O. crocea in having ascomata with a fissured margin, Ocellularia subnatashae from Brazil, which differs from O. natashae in lacking hirtifructic and conhirtifructic acids and in having smaller and less sepatate ascospores, Redingeria uniseptata from Brazil, which differs from R. vulcani in having smaller and 1-septate ascospores, Thalloloma intermedium from Brazil, which differs from T. anguiniforme in having smaller ascospores. Chapsa pulchella from Malaysia is a new record for Borneo and the first finding after its description, and Redonographa parvispora from Brasil is a new addition to the lichen biota of this country. All species mentioned are described and illustrated with close-up photographs.
A gall midge, Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is reported for the first time in the continental United States of America from the states of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The gall midge is an obligate parasite of Sonchus L., including perennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L., a weed that was the impetus for earlier releases of C. sonchi as a biological control in Canada. Patches of S. arvensis were commonly infested with C. sonchi, and often leaves were densely galled. Dissections of galled leaves led to the novel finding of multiple C. sonchi larvae in some individual galls. In addition, three parasitoids emerged from galls sampled in South Dakota: Aprostocetus cf. atticus Graham, Ceraphron sp., and a possible new species of Lyrcus Walker. Further research is warranted to determine the geographic extent of C. sonchi and its parasitoids in the USA, and to determine the impact of C. sonchi on its weedy hosts.
Previously unpublished records of Odonata from the states of Negeri Sembilan and Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia are presented. One hundred and eight species are listed, of which 77 were collected in Negeri Sembilan and 87 in Selangor. Fifteen of the species recorded from Negeri Sembilan and seven of those recorded from Selangor appear to be first records for the respective state. Notable records include Drepanosticta sp. cf hamadryas Laidlaw, 1931, Rhinocypha pelops Laidlaw, 1936, Acrogomphus ?malayanus Laidlaw, 1925, Heliogomphus kelantanensis (Laidlaw, 1902); Onychogomphus duaricus Fraser, 1924, Macromia cupricincta Fraser, 1924, Idionyx montana Karsch, 1891, Chalybeothemis chini Dow, Choong & Orr, 2007 and Hylaeothemis clementia
Ris, 1909 Ris, 1909. Provisional checklists of the Odonata known from Selangor plus the
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (171 species) and for Negeri Sembilan (116 species)
are given in appendices.
One species of the louse genus Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818 is redescribed and illustrated: Philopterus acrocephalus Carriker, 1949 ex Acrocephalus luscinius (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830), A. melanopogon (Temminck, 1823), A. scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804), A. schoenobaenus (Linnaeus, 1758), Iduna aedon rufescens Stegmann, 1929, I. rama (Sykes, 1832), Locustella sp. and L. ochotensis (von Middendorff, 1853). Philopterus acrocephalus represents the first species of the Philopteruscomplex recorded in the family Locustellidae Bonaparte, 1854. Philopterus gustafssoni sp. nov. is described ex Regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758), R. regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758), R. regulus azoricus Seebohm, 1883, R. regulus buturlini von Loudon, 1911, R. regulus sanctaemariae Vaurie, 1954, R. regulus tristis Pleske, 1892 and R. ignicapillus (Temminck, 1820). Descriptions of both species are amended with genetic data, DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, nuclear hyp and TMEDE6; concatenated sequences are compared to the morphologically nearest species with genetic data available, Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank, 1776) and Philopterus fringillae (Scopoli, 1772). Holotype of Philopterus reguli (Denny, 1842) is pronounced to be a straggler, determination of other known material from Regulidae is changed for Philopterus gustafssoni sp. nov.
An abundance-based checklist of eastern Buprestidae (Coleoptera) was compiled from collection records from invasive insect surveys conducted during 2010-2018. Reported are 111 species in 17 genera based on 33,047 specimens examined from 10 states. Sixty-three new state records in nine states are reported. Collection date ranges by month for each state are provided.
An inventory of Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) from a eutrophic fen and a spring brook in Viidumäe Nature Reserve (Estonia, Saaremaa Island) recorded a total of 60 species, of which 57 are new records for Estonia, including two that are new to science and described herein as Cratyna (Diversicratyna) palustricola sp. nov. (Estonia) and Sciara bryophila sp. nov. (Estonia, Finland). This has raised the number of Sciaridae known from Estonia from 6 to 63.
After the examination of a large collection of Oniscidea from caves in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pará, Sergipe and São Paulo, 12 species were recognized in the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae. Four new species are described: Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. from the Açungui group; Androdeloscia akuanduba sp. nov. and Amazoniscus spica sp. nov. from the Carajás Formation; and Metaprosekia igatuensis sp. nov. from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero karst region. In addition, Atlantoscia inflata, Benthana longicornis, B. olfersii, B. picta and Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Philosciidae) are recorded from Brazilian caves for the first time; and Benthana iporangensis, B. taeniata and Circoniscus bezzii (Scleropactidae) have the knowledge of their distribution extended to cave habitats.
Three new species of aulacid wasps, Aulacus pascali sp. nov., Pristaulacus elveni sp. nov. and Pristaulacus villemantae sp. nov., and a new species of gasteruptiid wasp, Gasteruption jenningsi sp. nov., are described and figured. Additionally, we update identification keys to New Caledonia species of aulacids and gasteruptiids. We also provide new data on New Caledonian Evaniidae, Gasteruptiidae and Stephanidae.
Three new fossil species from Burmese amber are described, one clearly in family Calamoceratidae, the other two in the highly variable family Odontoceridae. The family Odontoceridae contains 18 disparate genera, but there are no good diagnostic characters, which makes it difficult to place fossil taxa in this family. We here offer a revised diagnosis for the family, highlighting the lack of good diagnostic characters, and the need to use sets of characters to place (extinct) taxa in this family. On this taxonomic basis we describe two new species in the hitherto monotypic fossil genus Palaeopsilotreta Wichard & Wang, 2017 (Odontoceridae), Palaeopsilotreta burmanica sp. nov. and P. cretacea sp. nov., redescribe the type species based on additional information, and describe features of the female, based on two specimens, one of which is embedded adjacent to a male identified as P. xiai. Males of Palaeopsilotreta bear bipectinate antennae; the antennae of the females are simple and filiform. Similarly, bipectinate antennae are present in the third species we describe, Bipectinata orientalis gen. et sp. nov., which otherwise lacks the character combinations associated with the Odontoceridae, but clearly can be assigned to the family Calamoceratidae.
Five new species of Hercostomus Loew, 1857 from Kenya, Namibia, Tanzania and South Africa are described and illustrated. They belong to the Hercostomus longiventris lineage, which also appears similar to the Palaearctic H. chetifer subgroup and the Oriental H. takagii and H. absimilis groups on the basis of the modified male fore tarsus. The male cercus of almost all Afrotropical species is remarkable in having ventral processes or projections and are conditionally divided into H. nectarophagus and H. perturbus subgroups on the basis of the presence of one or two ventral projections on the cercus, respectively. Hercostomus brandbergensis sp. nov. and H. fedotovae sp. nov. are associated with the H. nectarophagus subgroup; H. koshelevae sp. nov., H. vikhrevi sp. nov., and H. sanipass sp. nov. are associated with the H. perturbus subgroup. The new species differ by fine structures of the male fore tarsus, cercus and postgonite. An identification key to males of 23 Afrotropical species of Hercostomus is compiled for the first time. New records are given for some known species.
In a recent project, extensive fieldwork was carried out in several parts of Sri Lanka to investigate scarab biodiversity. Here we present the first results of this survey and describe four new Sericini species: Selaserica athukoralai sp. nov., Neoserica dharmapriyai sp. nov., Maladera cervicornis sp. nov., M. galdaththana sp. nov. Further, new locality records for 20 already known species are given. The genitalia and the habitus of all new species are illustrated and photos of the habitats of the new species are given.
New species of Trachyderini from Mexico and Central America (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)
(2020)
Three new trachyderine species in the subtribe Trachyderina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini) are described: Entomosterna kovariki Wappes and Santos-Silva, new species, from Belize; Gortonia sumideroensis Wappes and Santos-Silva, new species, from Mexico (Chiapas); and Sphaenothecus vandenberghei Wappes and Santos-Silva, new species, from Nicaragua. A new key to Entomosterna species, and a previous Sphaenothecus key by Chemsak and Noguera (1998) is modified to include the new species, with both provided herein.
Ten new species of Corthylus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are described from Mexico: Corthylus spinosulus, new species,C. cristatus, new species,C. cristatulus,new species, C. granulocristatus, new species, C. poblanus, new species, C. ibarrai, new species, C. latisetosus, new species, C.burgosi, new species, C. granulosus, new species, and C. microcorthyloides, new species. Corthylus uniseptis Schedl, 1961 is synonymized with C. parvulus Blandford, 1904, new synonymy. Additional distribution records are given for Mexican species of Corthylus.
Until now, only 177 species of sponges (Porifera) have been reported for Chilean coastal waters. Here we describe recent scuba diving surveys undertaken to improve our knowledge of the diversity of the sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal in Chilean Patagonia. Despite these relatively harsh environments, our study yielded 23 species of Demospongiae, nine of which are new to science and described here: Hymerabdia imperfecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella coronata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna aurantiaca Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna erecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna typica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Scopalina cribrosa Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Rhizaxinella strongylata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. and Darwinella pronzatoi Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. One species, Hymedesmia (Stylopus) lissostyla (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988), is reported for the first time for Chile.
Three new records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) are recorded within the state of Hawai‘i, USA. Diomus roseicollis (Mulsant, 1853) is newly recorded from the state based on four specimens collected on the island of O‘ahu. Cycloneda sanguinea sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1789), both already established in the state, are newly recorded from the island of Hawai‘i. Additional sampling is recommended to determine the distribution of D. roseicollis within the island of O‘ahu. Further surveys are warranted to determine particular habitats and prey for D. roseicollis, C. sanguinea sanguinea, and B. suturalisin Hawai‘i, as well as their impact on the insect fauna there.
New state records for three species of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae) are reported from two states in the south-central USA. Hyperaspis bolteri LeConte and Exochomus childreni guexi LeConte are newly reported for the state of Missouri, and Hyperaspis connectens (Thunberg) is newly reported for the state of Mississippi.
Nine new species of the South African endemic group of euryglossiform bees of the genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 are described, thus bringing the total number of species to 29 in this species-group: Scrapter avontuurensis Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀, S. bokkeveldensis Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀, S. fynbosensis Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀, S. hergi Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♂, S. keiskiensis Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀, S. mellonholgeri Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀♂, S. nitens Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀, S. oubergensis Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♀ and S. willemstrydomi Kuhlmann sp. nov. ♂. The new replacement name S. punctulatus nom. nov. is proposed for S. punctatus Kuhlmann, 2014 which is a junior primary homonym of S. punctatus Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825 (= Allodape punctata [Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825]). Moreover, new records for already described taxa are presented and an updated key to all species of euryglossiform Scrapter is provided.
Several taxonomic and nomenclatural issues are reviewed, clarified, and resolved for multiple genera of the Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae). Generic-group names discussed: Brachymerus Dejean, 1836, Cypherotylus Crotch, 1873, Cytorea Laporte, 1840, Erotylus Fabricius, 1775, Eudaemonius Lewis, 1887, Eutriplax Lewis,1887, Gibbifer Voet, 1806, Neobarytopus Alvarenga, 1965, Neomorphoides Alvarenga, 1977, Ogcotriplax Heller,1920, Paratritoma Gorham, 1888, Platichna Thomson, 1863, Pseudochrysomela Voet, 1806, Pseudotriplax Heller,1920, Triplax Herbst, 1793, Tritomapara Alvarenga, 1970, Typocephalus Hope,1841, and Xestus Wollaston, 1864. Reviewing these issues resulted in a several nomenclatural actions. Eutriplax Lewis,1887,was found to be an unnecessary replacement name for Eudaemonius Lewis,1887.The genus name is reverted to Eudaemonius,
resulting in one new combination: Eudaemonius quinquepustulatus (Li and Ren, 2006).
The Neotropical Tritomapara Alvarenga,1970,was found to be a new objective synonym of Paratritoma Gorham,1888, which is a synonym of Triplax Herbst,1793,leading to the following eight new combinations:
Triplax atricaudata (Kuhnt,1910),Triplax brasiliensis (Guérin,1946),Triplax bruchi (Kuhnt,1910),Triplax caduca (Gorham,1888),Triplax dimidiata (Gorham,1888),Triplax melanoderes (Kuhnt,1910),Triplax triplacoides
(Crotch,1876), and Triplax vivida (Gorham,1888). Erotylus tibialis Duponchel, 1825, is recognized as the valid type species for Brachymerus Dejean 1836, which moves the name Brachymerus to a different genus-group taxon and renders Neomorphoides Alvarenga, 1977, a new synonym. This revalidates Neobarytopus Alvarenga, 1965, as originally proposed. These genus-group names are presently subgenera in Iphiclus Dejean, 1836, and the move creates 23 new combinations in Iphiclus(Brachymerus) Dejean, 1836: I. (B.) amazonus (Crotch, 1876), I. (B.) atriventris (Mader,1943), I. (B.) bicolor(Lacordaire,1842), I. (B.) clavicornis (Olivier,1792), I. (B.) columbiae (Crotch,1876), I. (B.) costaricensis (Mader,1943), I. (B.) disconigrum (Mader,1942), I. (B.) dorsonotatus (Lacordaire, 1842), I. (B.) fulviventris (Gorham,1888), I. (B.) humeropictus (Mader,1943), I. (B.) lateripunctatus (Crotch,1876), I. (B.) melanopus (Gorham,1888), I. (B.) neglectus (Guérin,1956), I. (B.) nigritarsis (Mader,1942), I. (B.) nigriventris (Crotch, 1876), I. (B.) nigropectus (Mader,1942), I. (B.) posticenigrum (Mader,1942), I. (B.) pyrrhocephalus (Erichson,1847), I. (B.) rubripennis (Lacordaire,1842), I. (B.) signaticollis (Kuhnt,1910), I. (B.) simplex (Lacordaire,1842), I. (B.) spilotus (Gorham,1888), I. (B.) tibialis (Duponchel,1825); and, 75 new combinations in Iphiclus (Neobarytopus) Alvarenga, 1965: I. (N.) adustus (Duponchel,1825), I. (N.) alboniger (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) amictus (Erichson,1847), I. (N.) andicola (Kirsch,1867), I. (N.) assequens (Mader,1942), I. (N.) bajulus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) batesi (Gorham, 1889),I. (N.) bellulus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) bicinctus (Olivier,1807), I. (N.) bistrifoliatus (Gorham,1889), I. (N.) bizonatus (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) bremei (Guérin-Méneville,1841), I. (N.) brongniarti (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) brunneostriolatus (Kuhnt, 1910), I. (N.) cerasinus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) conformis (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.)distinctus (Duponchel, 1825), I. (N.) divisus (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) dorsalis (Olivier,1792), I. (N.) eburneus (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) elegans (Mader,1942), I. (N.) epipleuralis (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) erichsoni (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) flavofasciatus (Duponchel,1825), I. (N.) flavosignatus (Duponchel,1825), I. (N.) fragmentatus (Gorham,1888), I.(N.) friedei (Mader,1938), I. (N.) geometra (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) hebriacus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) hexastictus (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) incas (Gorham,1889), I. (N.) iris (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) jacinthoi (Alvarenga,1977), I.(N.) laceratus (Mader,1938), I. (N.) lugens (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) lunaris (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) luteozonatus (Crotch, 1876), I. (N.) miles (Mader,1942), I. (N.) mirus (Mader,1942), I. (N.) musicalis (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) neophyta (Lacordaire, 1842), I. (N.) nigripennis (Demay,1838), I. (N.) nigropictus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) nigrofasciatus (Mader,1942), I. (N.) nitidulus (Oliver,1807), I. (N.) obsoletesignatus (Crotch, 1876), I. (N.) octoguttatus (Olivier,1807), I. (N.) octopustulatus (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) odyneroides (Crotch, 1876), I. (N.) ornatus (Kuhnt,1909), I. (N.) pantherinus (Kuhnt, 1909), I. (N.) pauper (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) peraffinis (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) perplexus (Mader,1942), I. (N.) peruvianus (Mader,1942), I. (N.) planipennis (Kuhnt,1909), I. (N.) puncticollis (Kirsch,1876), I. (N.) quadrifasciatus (Kirsch,1865), I. (N.) quinquefasciatus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) ramosus (Olivier,1807), I. (N.) regularis (Erichson, 1848), I. (N.) rhomboidalis (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) rufipennis (Panzer,1798), I. (N.) salamandra (Erichson,1847), I. (N.) spectabilis (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) stramineus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) subsanguineus (Crotch,1876), I. (N.) superbus (Mader,1942), I. (N.) tigrinatus (Guérin,1956), I. (N.) tricinctus (Duponchel,1825), I. (N.) trifasciatus (Olivier,1807), I. (N.) tripartitus (Lacordaire,1842), I. (N.) ucayalensis (Gorham,1889), I. (N.) venezuelae (Crotch, 1876), I. (N.) westwoodi (Guérin-Méneville,1841).
The works of Voet (1766–1778,1806) do not follow binominal nomenclature and are therefore unavailable by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 11.4.Thus, Voet’s (1806) generic names “Pseudochrysomela” and “Gibbifer”, and the species names proposed in each, are unavailable. Removing them from nomenclatural considerations resulted in the following nomenclatural acts: the resurrection of Erotylus rufipennis Panzer,1798, now Iphiclus (Neobarytopus) rufipennis (Panzer) new combination; the proposal of a new name, Iphiclus (Brachymerus) fabricii Skelley for Erotylus rufipennis Fabricius, 1801, not Erotylus rufipennis Panzer, 1798; new combinations for the two species, Cypherotylus adrianae (Alvarenga, 1976) and Cypherotylus borgmeieri (Alvarenga, 1976); and revalidated status for the five species names, Erotylus variegatus Fabricius,
1781, Barytopus gronovii (Herbst, 1783), Prepopharus notatus (Olivier, 1792), Iphiclus (Iphiclus) sedecimguttatus (Olivier, 1792), and Cypherotylus duponcheli Arrow, 1937.
The following new species of Eupogonius LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are described: E. tlanchinolensis Wappes and Santos-Silva (Mexico, Hidalgo); E. albofasciatus Wappes and Santos- Silva (Mexico, Puebla); E. sonorensis Wappes and Santos-Silva (Mexico, Sonora); E. guerrerensis Wappes and Santos-Silva (Mexico, Guerrero); E. boteroi Wappes and Santos-Silva (Mexico, Guerrero); E. nascimentoi Wappes and Santo-Silva (Mexico, Jalisco and Colima); and E. monzoni Wappes and Santos-Silva (Guatemala, Alta Verapaz). Additionally, a detailed description of the female of Eupogonius fulvovestitus Schaeffer, 1905 is provided for the first time, along with notes on the likely host of the species. New state records in Mexico are provided for Eupogonius comus Bates, 1885, and E. stellatus Chemsak and Noguera, 1995. Other taxonomic or nomenclatural actions included herein are: Eupogonius knabi Fisher, 1925 is transferred to Atelodesmis Chevrolat, 1841, new combination; the gender of the species-group name in Eupogonius azteca Martins, Santos-Silva and Galileo, 2015 is commented on; notes on the geographical distribution of Eupogonius affinis Breuning, 1942, and the problematic morphology of E. infimus (Thomson, 1868) are presented; Eupogonius subaeneus Bates, 1872, and E. marmoratus Fisher, 1925 are revalidated, and E. columbianus Breuning, 1942 is a new synonym of E. subaeneus”.
The changes in coloration with age in males and females of Coeliccia mattii Phan & Kompier, 2016 from the Central Highlands of Vietnam are documented. Immature forms have extensive yellow markings on the thorax and S9 is yellowish, while in the fully mature male form, the thorax is largely black and covered in pruinosity and S9 is completely black. S9 is yellowish in the immature female while S9 is black in the fully mature female.
The recently rediscovered female holotype of Xylocopa coronata Smith, 1860, (Hymenoptera: Apidae) collected by Alfred Russel Wallace at the type locality of “Kaisaa” (= modern-day Kaioa, Maluku, Indonesia) is illustrated for the first time. Dorsal and lateral images of males and females of X. coronata and a map showing the known distribution of the species are provided. Females of this species exhibit geographic color variation in dorsal pubescence patterns and wing iridescence. At the present time, two subspecies are recognized: X. coronata combinata Ritsema from the island of Obi, Maluku, Indonesia, and X. coronata coronata Smith from additional islands (Bacan, Halmahera, Kaioa, Obi, Ternate, and Tidore) in the Maluku archipelago, Indonesia.
The number of specimens in the type series of Hemilophus leuconotus Laporte, 1840 (= Cirrhicera leuconota) is corrected. Cirrhicera leucronota Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Hemilophini), currently considered lapsus calami or an error to C. leuconotus, and the number of specimens in the type series is also corrected. Cirrhicera leuconota is recorded from Guatemala for the first time. The sex of the holotype of Lamacoscylus albatus Martins, Santos-Silva and Galileo, 2015, is corrected, and a new state record in Mexico is provided. The description of the antennae in females of Lamacoscylus Martins and Galileo,1991 is discussed; Malacoscylus humilis Bates,1881 (currently Lamacoscylus humilis) sensu Gahan (1892) is discussed and the two varieties described by him, M. humilis var. fulvescens and M. humilis var. grisescens (only part of the speci-mens), as well as M. usingeri Linsley,1935 are transferred to Schmidarius Santos-Silva, Heffern, Botero and Nascimento, new genus. Additionally, a new species from Mexico (Mexico) is described in Schmidarius as S. kondratieffi Santos-Silva, Heffern, Botero and Nascimento. The correct type-species of Phoebe Audinet-Serville,1835 is determined as Saperda bicornis Olivier,1800 and Phoebe phoebe Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville,1825 and Phoebe tinga Martins and Galileo,1998 are transferred to Phoebella Lane,1966, which is redescribed. Leucophoebe Lane,1976 is synonymized with Phoebe. A key to species of Hemilophini with 12-segmented antennae is provided. The differences between Callanga Lane,1973 and Lapazina Lane,1973 are discussed, and a new species of Callanga from Peru is described as C. ashaninka Santos-Silva, Heffern, Botero and Nascimento. A new species of Fredlanea Martins and Galileo,1996 from Colombia is described as F. lazulina Santos-Silva, Heffern, Botero and Nascimento; a new department record in Colombia is provided for Fredlanea consobrina (Lane,1970) and a chromatic variation in this species is discussed.
A tenday collecting trip to Napo province was conducted between January 13 and 23, 2020, visiting localities where W. C. Macintyre originally collected Argia schneideri Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017 between 1935 and 1942, with the intention of documenting its life habits and obtaining photographs in life. A total of 65 odonate species in 36 genera were collected, including four new records for Napo province, but the target species was not found. A list of species recorded and color scans of species that have so far not been photographed are included. Color photographs and notes on the habitat of Argia schneideri are made available through the courtesy of colleagues who found it elsewhere, and its current known distribution is discussed.
Phnom Kulen is a small and low plateau in the northern Cambodia still partly covered with evergreen forests and isolated from similar habitats by the Cambodian Lowland at least for 60 km. A preliminary checklist of its Odonata is provided, including 97 species. Burmagomphus sp. cf. willamsoni and Macromia callisto are for the first time reported for Cambodia.
Lake Tonle Sap in NW Cambodia is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia and one of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the world, so its banks are a home for ca 1,5 million people. It serves as a natural reservoir of the excess water of the Mekong River and cyclically changes its area from 2,500 km2 in May to 16,000 km2 in October. Its banks are naturally occupied by temporarily inundated forest and scrub, at present mostly replaced by rice fields. The present day semiaquatic vegetation of the lake is to a large extent formed by invasive plant species. The hitherto existing data on Odonata of the lake are very scarce. The author briefly examined the bank and floodplain at the NW part of the lake in February/March 2017, June and November 2018 and December 2019. Five main localities studied are described and illustrated
in detail. In total 41 odonate species of four families (22 in Libellulidae) were found. Most of them are common and widespread lentic species but Macrogomphus phalantus is a species hitherto known only by few specimens from swamped forests of Borneo and Sumatra; its Tonle Sap population was earlier described by the author as the subspecies M. phalantus jayavarman Kosterin, 2019. The earlier published report by Seehausen et al. (2016) of Sinictinogomphus clavatus (not found by the author) was a considerable extension of the known species’ range to the south. Six species were found in all main examined localities and ten only in one of them. At any season at the lake immediate bank (that is water front at the lowest level), Brachythemis contaminata predominates overwhelmingly, Orthetrum sabina and Crocothemis servilia are numerous, two damselfly species, Pseudagrion microcephalum and P. rubriceps, invariably occur at floating vegetation (mostly water hyacinth), and Trithemis pallidinervis, Urothemis signata, Rhyothemis phyllis, R. variegata and Tholymis tillarga are common at bushes. Agriocnemis nana, Ceriagrion praetermissum, Ischnura senegalensis, Macrogomphus phalantus, and Aethriamanta aethra were occasionally met at the lake bank. Other 26 species were found, with different occurrence and quantity, on the lake floodplain. Variation of the male occiput coloration of Amphiallagma parvum is commented.
On eight species of the spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)
(2020)
Six new species of Synagelides Strand, 1906 are diagnosed and described: S. bohdanowiczi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. leigongensis sp. nov. (♂♀), S. logunovi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. subgambosus sp. nov. (♂♀), S. wuliangensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and S. xingdouensis sp. nov. (♂♀). The female of S. forkiforma Yang, Zhu & Song, 2007 and the male of S. longus Song & Chai, 1992 are described for the first time. Photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, as well as a distributional map, are provided.
Many species of plants and a few species of animals are believed to have resulted from hybridization of parental species, and the ability of species to occasionally hybridize in captivity and in nature is even more widespread. In the present study, we describe a hybridization experiment conducted in the laboratory between the sexually dimorphic Automeris io (Fabricius), a widespread, variable species ranging from Canada to Costa Rica, and its congener A. louisiana (Ferguson and Brou), a more local, sexually monomorphic species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The A. louisiana populations occur in a highly specialized habitat—the coastal marshland along the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana and Texas and is nested inside the broad distribution of A. io, demonstrating strong differences from the latter in its ecology and morphology. No natural hybridization between the two species has been described. While the separate species status of A. io and A. louisiana is supported by morphology and ecology of their populations, we were able to create a hybrid lineage in the laboratory and maintained it for three generations. The hybrids were phenotypically intermediate between the parental species. Under a stricter reading of the biological species concept, such an ability to hybridize would be interpreted by some as a sign of conspecificity. Our experiments once again demonstrate the complexity of ‘species’ as a concept, which may need major redefinition in the popular interpretation of sciences.
Updated distributions are provided for all three species of Phlegyas Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pachygronthidae) in the New World: Phlegyas abbreviatus (Uhler, 1876), P. annulicrus Stål, 1869, and P. patruelis Berg, 1883. In total, four new state records for the United States of America, four new state records for Mexico, one new Canadian provincial record, and one new country record (Nicaragua, P. annulicrus) are presented, along with remarks and corrections.
Indian species of Drassyllus and Nodocion are revised, mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. All the Indian representatives of the former genus are transferred to Cryptodrassus, with a synonymy of Drassyllus jabalpurensis syn. nov. with Cryptodrassus khajuriai comb. nov., while the Indian species of the latter genus are transferred to Setaphis, with a provisional transfer of Nodocion solanensis. All the examined type specimens are imaged and supplementary descriptions are provided.
We present a comprehensive revision of the pholcid spider collection of M.A. González-Sponga, who between 1998 and 2011 described 22 new genera and 51 new species of Pholcidae from Venezuela. In addition, we treat the pholcid material collected during three expeditions to Venezuela conducted between 2002 and 2020. Of González-Sponga’s pholcid taxa we recognize three genera and 24 species as valid. We describe 43 new species (all from males and females) in one new and 13 previously described genera; four genera are newly recorded for Venezuela. We describe the previously unknown females of 15 species, present new records for 46 previously described species, synonymize one genus and one species, and correct numerous minor errors in previous publications on Venezuelan pholcids. At the generic level, the Venezuelan pholcid fauna now appears fairly well known, but available data on distribution and endemism suggest that many species remain undiscovered and undescribed. Despite the obvious gaps, our data are congruent with previous studies on other taxa that have the highest levels of endemism in the Venezuelan Andes, the Coastal Ranges, and the Guyana Highlands. The Falcón Region in particular shows a complex mosaic of biogeographic relationships with other regions. We provide new biological data on numerous species. We document the first cases of evolutionary microhabitat shifts in the genera Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893 and Priscula Simon, 1893. We document several cases of close congeners sharing localities, usually in slightly to conspicuously different microhabitats, sometimes apparently in identical microhabitats. We document several cases of color polymorphism, mostly intersexual, in Metagonia conica (Simon, 1893) both intersexual and among males. We document further cases of two rare phenomena in Pholcidae: use of specific non-silken structures for retreats (in Pisaboa Huber, 2000) and egg parasitism (in Priscula).
The widespread Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov., from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Mexico to Colombia) is distinguished from its congeners by having radial shields covered by granules, naked adoral shields, up to 11 arm spines, and by its brown and beige coloration. Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with naked adoral shields (i.e., O. pentacanthum H.L. Clark, 1917, O. variegatum Lütken, 1856), and it has frequently been misidentified as O. panamense Lütken, 1859 or O. variegatum. Therefore, the main aim of the present work was to describe Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. and differentiate it from its congeners. The original description of O. panamense was incomplete; thus, we provide a redescription. Due to the confusion in previous designations of its type material, we designate a lectotype and paralectotype of O. variegatum. Finally, we expand the distribution range of O. pentacanthum to Cocos Island, Costa Rica. With this work, the total number of valid species of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840 in the world increases to 33 and in the Eastern Pacific to nine species.
Pholetesor acrocercophagus sp. nov., P. camerariae sp. nov. and P. indicus sp. nov.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) are described as new to science. These three species were reared from Acrocercops sp., Acrocercops phaeospora Meyrick, 1916 and Cameraria virgulata Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), respectively. Characteristics of these new species and their affinities with related taxa are discussed. Data on habitat, host records and host plant species for all the parasitoid species is provided. A key to the Indian species of the genus Pholetesor Mason, 1981 reared from lepidopteran leafminers is also given.
Phenological studies are important to gain insights into the ecology of plant species, particularly those that are threatened and require specific management actions such as regular population monitoring. For many species of terrestrial orchids, limited fundamental knowledge on peak flowering, pollination and seed production restricts effective monitoring outcomes. In this single-season study, phenology data from one population of the vulnerable Diuris praecox were collected, with the aim of informing future management relating to monitoring surveys and to assist in conservation of this species. To this end, six sub-populations (three each in forest habitat and along maintained powerline easements) were visited weekly from the onset of flowering until seed release, with observations made on 134 tagged individuals within 10 x 10 m plots. During the 2019 flowering season, 37% of all plants developed capsules, and 35% released seed. However, success varied between locations, with greater floral displays along powerline easements resulting in stronger pollination rates, while sparse sub-populations in forested locations showed lower pollination. Significantly more flowers per inflorescence (range 1-7) were evident in forest than easement sites, but there was no significant difference in inflorescence height across these habitats. For most sub-populations at least one orchid set seed, even when occurring in low densities (<10 plants). Overall, substantial floral displays did not necessarily result in abundant fruiting, and impacts from desiccation, predation and grazing likely prevented more successful capsule production in any given sub-population. The synchronously flowering shrubs Daviesia ulicifolia and Pultenaea villosa co-occurred across all sub-populations, suggesting that the nectar-less Diuris praecox may mimic these species to attract pollinators. Peak flowering was determined to be approximately 20 days from the onset of flowering, with 83% of all plants in flower at that time. For ongoing monitoring, the timing of surveys to occur approximately three weeks after the first observed flowering, will likely maximize return-for-effort, particularly when survey resources are limited, although it is acknowledged that different seasons and populations may vary from this timeframe.
The two new species Phyllobaenus thomasi (Campeche, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo and Yucatán, Mexico, and Belize) and P. turnbowi (San Luis Potosi, Mexico), are described (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Hydnocerinae: Hydnocerini). The primary types are photographed and intrageneric relationships of the species are discussed.
Patterns and processes of cladogenesis among taxa living on the Mozambique ‘sky islands’ remain poorly studied. During the present study, we report on a new freshwater crab species from Mount Lico, an inselberg and ‘sky island’ in the Zambezia Province of Mozambique. Phylogenetic analyses using three mitochondrial DNA sequence loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI) were used to determine the evolutionary placement of the freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico. The freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico were retrieved sister to Potamonautes choloensis. The new species, Potamonautes licoensis sp. nov., is described and compared with other southern African freshwater crab species. Divergence time estimations for the Mozambican freshwater crab species suggest a Miocene / Plio–Pleistocene diversifi cation. Some endemic ‘sky island’ species form an early branching and are sister to other predominantly East African species, while other ‘sky island’ species are more recently derived and nested within a predominantly southern African clade. The present study presents the description of the fourth endemic freshwater crab species from Mozambique and suggests that the species diversity in the country is likely highly underrepresented, reiterating the call for renewed systematic surveys. An argument for the conservation of these mountainous ‘sky islands’ is presented.
This study reports on 25 species of hydroids occurring in the collections gathered during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions carried out in the SE of New Caledonia in 2016, and off the western coast of the island in 2017, respectively. Of these, 19 have not been dealt with in earlier reports on these collections. Two new genera and four new species are described, viz, Actinopluma mirifica Galea gen. et sp. nov., provisionally assigned to the family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921, Schizoplumularia helicoidalis sp. nov., belonging to the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859, and Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov. and Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., both placed in the family Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The gonotheca and the medusoid gonophore of Plumularia contraria Ansín Agís et al., 2014 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Dentitheca Stechow, 1919, as D. contraria comb. nov. Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913, known earlier from a minute portion of colony, is redescribed based on a complete, though infertile, specimen. Similarly, complete specimens corresponding to the hydroid previously referred to as Antennella megatheca Ansín Agís et al., 2009 are documented, allowing a provisional reallocation to Corhiza Millard, 1962 and a description of its so far unknown gonothecae. Fertile material assignable to the poorly-known Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905 allows the recognition of this hydroid as a valid species, distinct from M. quadridens (McCrady, 1859). Most taxa are illustrated to validate the reliability of their identifications. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions of the families Aglaopheniidae, Plumulariidae, and Halopterididae, based on the 16S rRNA, allowed a first genetic characterization of some of the species dealt with in this work.
Genoplesium baueri R.Br. (family Orchidaceae), an endangered terrestrial orchid species endemic to the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia, is known from 13 populations but little is known about its population demographics. To assess the emergent population size, plant size and reproductive output of two key northern Sydney populations, at Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park (KCNP) and Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden (KWG), and how these fluctuate through time, intensive field surveys of these populations were carried out over a ten-year period (2009-18). Plants emerged at both sites in every year with a total of 1,249 plant counts made over the 10-year period. From this, we estimate that a total of approximately 500 perennial individuals may exist across both populations, more than previously thought. Although emergent population size did not differ between populations, we found significant differences between the populations in the other measures. The KWG population had taller plants that produced more flowers per plant than the KCNP population, while the plants in the KCNP population had more pollinated flowers and fruit per plant. All of these measures significantly fluctuated through time. This 10-year study has shown that the resilience of key Genoplesium baueri populations is greater than previously thought. However, it has also shown the boom-and-bust nature of emergence, flowering and fruit set in this species, which has highlighted the need for multiyear intensive studies when assessing likely persistence of endangered terrestrial orchid species.
The diversity of Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique) has been evaluated; this paper presents the first taxonomic effort devoted to sponges in the area, while studies of closeby areas are quite dated. Overall, 55 specimens were examined, leading to 26 described species; among these, four are new (Hyattella sulfurea Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., H. pedunculata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., Amphimedon palmata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov. and Phoriospongia mozambiquensis Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov.) and four (Chondrosia corticata Thiele, 1900, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aerizusa Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1984, Clathria (Thalysias) hirsuta Hooper & Levi, 1993 and Ciocalypta heterostyla Hentschel, 1912) are new records for the Indian Ocean. For Callyspongia (Euplacella) abnormis Pulitzer-Finali, 1993, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pulitzeri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 and Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905) this represents the first record after their initial discovery. The majority of the species have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, but species from South and East Africa have also been recorded. These data highlight the characteristic of Ponta do Ouro as a transitional zone, located between a tropical and temperate biogeographic province, as well as the importance of increasing biodiversity knowledge of this biogeographic border to monitor possible shifts in the area as a consequence of climate crisis.
Asiothrixus antidesmae (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), una especie de mosca blanca asiática, fue encontrada sobre Ixora sp. en la República Dominicana, lo cual representa un nuevo registro en el país. Se presenta información básica sobre la especie, una diagnosis e ilustraciones para ayudar en su identificación.
Se registra por primera vez la presencia del pequeño escarabajo de la colmena (PEC), Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), en colmenas de abejas africanizadas en el departamento de Petén, Guatemala, alimentándose de miel y polen. Se presenta información básica sobre la especie, su distribución conocida actual e ilustraciones para ayudar en su identificación.
Proposed Amendments to the Constitution of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
(2020)
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) proposes amendments to its Constitution and solicits constructive feedback from the zoological community. In compliance with the Constitution, the proposed amendments are made broadly available, and there will be a one-year period for submission of comments starting on 30 April 2020. The amendments may be modified in the light of the comments, before the final version is voted on by the Commissioners.
A new paedophagous species of Protomelas, P. krampus sp. nov., is described from Lake Malawi. It has been found in Lukoma Bay in Tanzania, near Mara Point in Mozambique, and at Otter Point, Chizumulu, the Likoma Islands and Mazinzi Reef in Malawi. This species is placed in the genus Protomelas based on its melanin pattern, which comprises a continuous midlateral stripe. A morphometric study was done to compare this species with its congeners and similar species of Hemitaeniochromis and Caprichromis. It differs from most congeners by having only one inner tooth row. Furthermore, P. krampus sp. nov. differs from P. insignis, P. spilopterus, H. brachyrhynchus, H. urotaenia, Caprichromis liemi and C. orthognathus by its shorter premaxillary pedicel, shorter prepectoral distances and dentition. It also differs largely in its melanin pattern from the paedophagous species C. liemi, C. orthognathus, Diplotaxodon greenwoodi and Naevochromis chrysogaster, as well as H. brachyrhynchus and H. urotaenia. Protomelas krampus sp. nov. has been observed to ram mouth-brooding cichlids from above to feed on their eggs or larvae.
Phytophthora cinnamomi is an oomycete (water mould) with a large host range. It infects plants through their roots and in some cases will kill them. The pathogen is readily dispersed in soil and water, over short distances by its swimming spores and over large distances by humans. While Phytophthora cinnamomi has been well-studied in other parts of Australia, its distribution and impact are poorly known in New South Wales (NSW). In the current study we compiled existing data on Phytophthora cinnamomi occurrence and filled spatial gaps in sampling. We found about 1000 records of Phytophthora cinnamomi presence in over 5000 tests of soil and root material, and collected a further 457 samples from areas where no sampling had previously been done. The resulting data set enabled modelling of Phytophthora cinnamomi habitat suitability using the software program MaxEnt with climate and soil spatial layers. We found that coastal areas and adjacent tablelands were most suitable for the pathogen, although some areas within that may be unsuitable because of soil properties. We then modelled assets (threatened species) potentially affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi to produce a layer of risk. Using projected climate layers, we found that habitat suitability and risk will decline in parts of northern NSW by 2070 but be amplified in the south. New susceptible species in places such as the Australian Alps are likely to be exposed to the pathogen in the future. We offer advice for managing Phytophthora cinnamomi in NSW. Management is difficult where the effects of this pathogen are often inconspicuous and its distribution is widespread. However, basic hygiene to limit spread to susceptible assets will have great benefit regardless.
Das aus dem Taunus (Hessen) bisher nur durch drei Vegetationsaufnahmen belegte Ranunculo-Alopecuretum (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Potentillo-Polygonetalia, Potentillion anserinae) wird durch 11 weitere Aufnahmen dokumentiert und das für Hessen (Deutschland) bisher in der Literatur nicht erwähnte seltene Alopecuretum aequalis (Bidentetea, Bidentetalia, Bidention) durch zwei Aufnahmen belegt. In dem im Taunus gelegenen FFH-Gebiet "Eichkopf bei Ober-Mörlen" wächst Alopecurus aequalis in einer Pflanzengesellschaft, die nicht der nach ihm benannten Assoziation zugeordnet werden kann, sondern zwischen der Vegetationsklasse Isoëto-Nanojuncetea und Pionierstadien der Phragmitetea vermittelt.
Die Variabilität der häufigen Arten Sonchus asper und S. oleraceus in Aachen wird dargestellt, und ihre Unter-scheidungsmerkmale werden kritisch diskutiert. Sie bereiten häufiger Bestimmungsprobleme als erwähnt wird, da viele Merkmale stark variieren und zumindest bei einzelnen Pflanzen ausfallen können. Zuverlässig ist in Zwei-felsfällen die Fruchtoberfläche. Die auffallende Variabilität beider Arten wird oft als rein modifikativ oder taxono-misch unbedeutend abgetan. Bei beiden Arten gibt es aber beachtenswerte Sippen: Bei S. asper sind zwei in der Blattteilung extreme Sippen weitgehend konstant und einheitlich, es gibt aber eine Zwischensippe, die möglich-erweise ebenfalls eigenständig ist. Neben einer häufigen typischen Sippe von S. oleraceus und selteneren Lokal-sippen lässt sich eine feinblättrige Sippe als mögliche Art S. reversus abtrennen. Gerade bei S. oleraceus stellt sich vielfach die Frage, ob Merkmale oder gar manche Sippen insgesamt auf Introgression von S. asper beruhen.
Cloeon perkinsi was described from South Africa in 1932 by Barnard. Despite being relatively common in Africa, it was mentioned in the literature quite rarely, and its known distribution to date includes most of sub-Saharan Africa. Material collected recently in Ethiopia, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen extends its distribution in East Africa, Arabian Peninsula and the Levant. We examined this material, and provide a re-description of adults (females and males) and nymphs of the species. It represents a much-needed urge mainly due to inconsistencies in literature reports regarding colouration, and sometimes incomplete morphological description of all stages. We demonstrate the intraspecific morphological variability that we have witnessed, and provide information regarding the range of habitats colonised by C. perkinsi. Based on geological and climatic history of the studied region, taken together with among countries genetic distances of the mitochondrial barcoding gene COI, we propose colonisation mechanisms for the north-easternmost limit of distribution. The fragmented distribution pattern of the species highlights the conservation importance of isolated aquatic habitats in the region, as well as current knowledge gaps.
The New Caledonian Archipelago is a hot spot for biodiversity and endemism. Whereas popular groups such as birds and plants are well-studied, invertebrate groups such as ostracods remain ill-known. Here, we re-describe Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010, originally described from Thailand (8000 km away from New Caledonia), and describe Strandesia mehesi sp. nov. Both species are known only from females. Material for the present study was collected from diverse aquatic non-marine habitats from Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. Whereas S. sanoamuangae is seemingly easily identifiable, S. mehesi sp. nov. is part of the Strandesia vinceguerrae/vavrai species cluster in the genus, of which the 'older' species (described long ago) often have incomplete and superficial descriptions. Differentiation between the new species and the other members of this species cluster are based on small anatomical details of the valves. The current paper updates the known number of recent freshwater Ostracoda of New Caledonia from 14 to 16 species, although at least five of these species have an uncertain status.
The Neotropical frog genus Pseudopaludicola includes 25 species distributed throughout South America. Herein we review the taxonomic status of P. parnaiba relative to P. canga and the specific identity of the population treated in previous studies as Pseudopaludicola sp. 3 from Barreirinhas in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The lack of differentiation in advertisement call, morphology, and mitochondrial markers from topotypes and different populations rejects the status of P. parnaiba and Pseudopaludicola sp. 3 from Barreirinhas as distinct species. For these reasons, we suggest to formally consider P. parnaiba as a junior synonym of P. canga. We also found that a population previously reported as P. facureae from central Brazil (Palmeiras de Goiás, Goiás) corresponds to a cryptic species that we describe here as a new species. Lastly, we provide for the first time the phylogenetic positions of P. giarettai, P. llanera and P. pusilla.
Historical sources and the field description of extant remnants were used to reconstruct the distribution and characteristics of the pre-European vegetation of Wolgan Valley resort, in the western Blue Mountains on the western edge of the Sydney Basin. Like many of the agricultural landscapes of Australia the vegetation of this valley has changed dramatically since European settlement, however an understanding of the original state may facilitate effective management and potentially facilitate restoration. Investigation of remnants suggests that the pre-disturbance vegetation of the now cleared valley floor can be described with four plant communities. Grassy Woodland is likely to have occupied most of the valley floor and was part of the Grassy White Box – Yellow Box – Blakely's Red Gum Woodland listed as an Endangered Ecological Community under the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 and as Critically Endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Grassy woodland would have graded into a shrubby woodland extending up the drier footslopes, eventually merging with the existing Talus Slope Woodland. Riparian Forest is likely to have occupied the major drainage lines of the valley and where the water-table was consistently higher, Closed Herbfield and Shrub swamp in swampy meadows/fens was likely in a chains of ponds landscape. The characterisation of the pre-disturbance vegetation allows the identification of a suite of species appropriate for planting in relevant landforms. Significantly, the luxury resort has the space to experiment with the various techniques needed to restore some of this Endangered Ecological Community, and in so doing make a significant contribution to its broader regional survival.
Eulachnesia boteroi Monné y Monné, 2015 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Hemilophini) es redescrito, ilustrado dorsal, ventral y lateralmente, así como diversos detalles de su morfología. Es realizada la designación de un neotipo y la especie es registrada por primera vez para Ecuador. Adicionalmente, es propuesta una clave para la identificación de las especies del género.
Reinstatement of Carposina ottawana Kearfott, 1907 (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) as a valid species
(2020)
Carposina ottawana Kearfott, 1907 (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), revised status, formerly considered a synonym of C. sasakii Matsumura, 1900, is returned to species status. Morphological features that separate the Asian species C. sasakii and C. niponensis Walsingham, 1900 from the North American C. ottawana are described and illustrated. A heuristic maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on the mitochondrial gene cyto-chrome oxidase I (DNA barcode) further supports C. ottawana and C. sasakii as distinct taxa.
In 1842, J.D. Hooker collected a number of mosses on Hermite Island (Cape Horn region). From one of those gatherings, Hooker 141, four species of Ulota have been described: U. luteola, U. fuegiana, U. glabella, and U. eremitensis. The first two species are widely accepted, whereas the identity of the latter two has been recently discussed, and the names are now synonymized under U. fuegiana, the more widely distributed species in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Our studies, based on recent collections of Orthotrichaceae from Patagonia, show that specimens different from those of U. fuegiana and agreeing with the protologues of both U. glabella and U. eremitensis are common in Patagonia. Comparisons with type material of all four names demonstrate that the type for U. glabella is in such bad condition that it cannot be used, and an epitype should be selected. In this paper, we comment on the whereabouts of the collection Hooker 141 and the species described from it, discuss the distinct identity of U. glabella and its relationship with U. eremitensis as well as its differentiation from other species, present a diagnostic description of U. glabella and, finally, select an epitype to fix the application of this name.
The conspicuous Mediterranean brittle star Ophioderma longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805) has been discovered to represent a cryptic species complex, consisting of six nuclear clusters with contrasting reproductive modes (broadcast spawners and brooders). Here, O. longicauda is re-described. It is distinguished by a dark reddish-brown colouration both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and multiple tumid dorsal arm plates. One eastern Mediterranean brooding cluster is described as O. zibrowii sp. nov., characterized by a dark olive-green colour both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and single dorsal arm plates. Another brooder is described from Tunisia as O. hybrida sp. nov., with a highly variable morphology that reflects its origin by hybridization of O. longicauda and a brooder (possibly O. zibrowii sp. nov.), leaving the third brooding cluster as morphologically indistinguishable at this point and possibly conspecific with one of the others. The West-African O. guineense Greef, 1882 is resurrected as a valid species, differing morphologically from O. longicauda by predominantly single dorsal arm plates and light green or creamy white ventral side. Also from West Africa, O. africana sp. nov. is described, characterized by a dark brown colour, dorsally and ventrally, and single dorsal arm plates.
The genus Teloneria Aczél, 1954 is resurrected from synonymy with Chaetonerius Hendel, 1913 to include four species: Teloneria apicata (Edwards, 1919) comb. nov., Teloneria bimaculata (Edwards, 1919) comb. nov., Teloneria juceliae Sepúlveda & Souza sp. nov. and Teloneria ladyae Sepúlveda & Souza sp. nov. Lectotypes for Telostylus apicatus Edwards, 1919 and its junior synonym, Telostylinus apicalis Enderlein, 1922, and for Telostylinus ornatipennis Enderlein, 1922, junior synonym of Teloneria bimaculata comb. nov., are designated. An identification key to Chaetonerius, Telostylus Bigot, 1859 and Teloneria, with emphasis on the identification of the species of Teloneria, illustrations and distribution data are provided.
A revision was done on the species of Enteromius Cope, 1867 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Lake Edward system with a smooth, flexible third unbranched dorsal fin ray without serrations. Specimens with these characteristics had previously been attributed to E. perince and E. stigmatopygus. A combination of a genetic (COI, mtDNA) and a morphometric approach was used. Based on the COI gene, we found two groups with a distance of 8.5%, though neither of the two corresponded to E. perince or E. stigmatopygus. One group revealed to be conspecific with E. alberti, previously a synonym of E. stigmatopygus, described from the Rutshuru River, May-Ya-Moto (DRC, Lake Edward system), and revalidated here. In addition, E. cercops, described from the Nzoia River (Kenya, Lake Victoria basin), is put in synonymy with E. alberti. The second group was most similar to E. mimus, but differed morphologically somewhat from the types of E. mimus. Therefore, specimens of this group were identified as E. cf. mimus. Morphologically, E. alberti can be separated from E. cf. mimus based on a higher number of lateral line scales and smaller values for interorbital width, pre-pelvic distance, body depth, maximum and minimum caudal peduncle depth, head width and head depth.
Two new species of Carpophilus Stephens, 1829 in the subgenus Ecnomorphus Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were recovered in material from the Caribbean. Descriptions and detailed diagnoses are provided for Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) jamaicensis Powell and Schnepp, new species and Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) thomasi Powell and Schnepp, new species. A key to the Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) of the West Indies is appended.
Species of the genus Coelostoma Brullé, 1935 belonging to the subgenera Coelostoma s. str. and Holocoelostoma Mouchamps, 1958 from the Indian subcontinent are revised. Six species of Coelostoma s. str. and two species of Holocoelostoma are recognized, of which two are described as new: C. (Coelostoma) lyratum sp. nov. (India: Maharashtra) and C. (Coelostoma) nostocinum sp. nov. (India: Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala). Coelostoma (Coelostoma) fallaciosum Orchymont, 1936 and C. (Coelostoma) vividum Orchymont, 1936 were recorded for the first time from India and Bangladesh, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for C. aeneolum Régimbart, 1903 and Hydrobius stultus Walker, 1858. The previously confusing situation with Coelostoma (Holocoelostoma) stultum (Walker, 1858) and C. (Holocoelostoma) bhutanicum Jayaswal, 1972 is clarified based on new material of both species from India. Coelostoma sulcatum Pu, 1963 from China is removed from the synonymy of C. stultum and considered as a likely synonym of C. bhutanicum, a status which needs to be confirmed by a detailed study of type specimens. All species are (re)described and illustrated. Diagnosis of the subgenera of Coelostoma are modified in order to accommodate the species of the Indian subcontinent, resulting in narrowing down the concept of Coelostoma s. str. and widening the concept of Lachnocoelostoma Mouchamps, 1958.
A review and illustrated key to Linsley, 1936 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini) of the United States and Canada is provided, along with taxonomic and distributional notes. Gymnopsyra Linsley, 1937, is a new synonym of Anelaphus. Gymnopsyra chemsaki Linsley, 1963 is a new synonym of Gymnopsyra magnipunctatus (Knull, 1934). Anelaphus hoferi (Knull, 1934) and Anelaphus tuckeri (Casey, 1924) are new synonyms of Anelaphus simile (Schaeffer, 1908). Anelaphus parallelus (Newman, 1840), Anelaphus rusticus (LeConte, 1850), and Anelaphus davisi Skiles, 1985 are new synonyms of Anelaphus villosus (Fabricius, 1792). Anelaphus aspera (Knull, 1962), Anelaphus bupalpa (Chemsak, 1991), and Anelaphus magnipunctatus (Knull, 1934) are all new combinations. Anelaphus brummermannae Lingafelter, new species, is described from Arizona.
The species of the Eumerus tricolor species group in Iran are reviewed. Six species new to science are described from Iran, i.e., Eumerus atricolorus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. brevipilosus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. chekabicus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. ovoformus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. pilosipedes Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov. and E. vallicolus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov. Three species, E. hissaricus Stackelberg, 1949, E. longitarsis Peck, 1979 and E. richteri Stackelberg, 1960, are newly recorded from Iran. Photographs of the species as well as illustrations of the male genitalia of the new species and closely related species are provided. An identification key to the males of the Iranian Eumerus tricolor species group is presented. A row of long posterodorsal setae on the wing vein costa basally is presented and argued as a new diagnostic morphological character for the entire Eumerus tricolor species group.
Abiinae is the second-largest subfamily in Cimbicidae, a small family of true sawflies (Tenthredinoidea). The subfamily is adequately defined, but the generic classification has been unstable. Currently, only two genera are regarded as valid: Abia Leach, 1817 and Allabia Semenov & Gussakovskij, 1937. We evaluate the generic classification of Abiinae in a phylogenetic context. A total of 32 species (out of 57 described for the subfamily), including the type species of Allabia, Allabia infernalis (Semenov, 1896), are scored for 150 adult morphological characters. Results show some resolution, but only few clades can be circumscribed by consistent character combinations. Most of the characters that have previously been used to define genera are not congruent; consequently, most suggested genus definitions appear to be random character state combinations and few natural groups can be identified. For these reasons, we treat Allabia syn. nov. as a junior synonym of Abia and make the following additional taxonomic changes: Abia infernalis Semenov, 1896 comb. rev. and Abia malaisei (Semenov & Gussakovskij, 1937) syn. nov. For the purpose of long-term stability of the classification of Abiinae, we recommend recognizing only one genus, Abia, within the subfamily.
The current knowledge of the scorpionfly genus Dicerapanorpa Zhong & Hua, 2013 is taxonomically reviewed. Two new species of Dicerapanorpa are described and illustrated, increasing the species number of this genus to 20. Dicerapanorpa bifurcata sp. nov. from the Minshan Mountains, Sichuan Province, is characterized by the absence of the paramere basal branch and the elongated mesal branch in males, and the medigynium having a short basal stalk in females. Dicerapanorpa zhengkuni sp. nov. from the Wuling and Miaoling Mountains, Guizhou Province, is distinguishable by the greatly elongated hypovalves, the very short basal branch of the paramere, and the dorsomedially curved lateral branch in males, and the rounded main plate of the medigynium in females. An updated key to species of Dicerapanorpa is presented.
Although well studied in the Afrotropical Region, the genus Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), has received little attention in the New World, where it apparently is restricted to the Neotropics from Guatemala south to Paraguay. Seven species are recognized, five of which are described as new: C. tonsana (Walker, 1863) (Type locality: Brazil); C. ocelliferana (Walker, 1863) (TL: Brazil); C. landryi Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: French Guiana); C. parintina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. macrospina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. albistrigulana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica); and C. osana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica). Our circumscription of C. ocelliferana is rather broad and most likely encompasses a species complex rather than a single entity. Larvae of C. tonsana have been reared from Picramnia latifolia Tul. (Picramniaceae), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (Fabaceae), and Machaerium seemannii Benth. ex Seem. (Fabaceae) in Costa Rica; and those of C. albistrigulana from Dialium guianense (Fabaceae).
The genus Afrodonta s. lat. is shown to comprise several lineages with distinctive shell characters primarily associated with the microsculpture of the protoconch and teleoconch, and the manner in which the apertural barriers are deposited. These lineages comprise Afrodonta s. str. and five new genera: Amatholedonta gen. nov., Biomphalodonta gen. nov., Costulodonta gen. nov., Iterodonta gen. nov. and Phialodonta gen. nov. Twelve new species are described, doubling the diversity of aperturally dentate charopid snails known from southern Africa. All new species are narrow-range endemics. A new subspecies of one of the more widely distributed species of Afrodonta s. str. is also described. Keys to genera and species are provided. New species and subspecies: Afrodonta geminodonta sp. nov., Af. inhluzaniensis leptolamellaris subsp. nov., Af. mystica sp. nov., Af. pentodon sp. nov., Amatholedonta fordycei gen. et sp. nov., Biomphalodonta forticostata gen. et sp. nov., Costulodonta bidens gen. et sp. nov., C. pluridens gen. et sp. nov., Iterodonta ammonita gen. et sp. nov., Phialodonta agulhasae gen. et sp. nov., P. atromontana gen. et sp. nov., P. aviana gen. et sp. nov. and P. rivalalea gen. et sp. nov. New synonyms: Afrodonta bilamellaris londonensis Solem, 1970 = Afrodonta bilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908. New combinations: Afrodonta acinaces Connolly, 1933, Afrodonta burnupi Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta trilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908 are transferred to Costulodonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta bimunita Connolly, 1939 is transferred to Amatholedonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta introtuberculata Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta perfida Burnup, 1912 are transferred to Phialodonta gen. nov.
Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
(2020)
The leafhopper tribe Platyjassini, endemic to Madagascar, is revised, largely based on specimens obtained in a recent bioinventory project led by the California Academy of Sciences. Platyjassini was previously known based on the type genus, Platyjassus Evans, 1953, and four described species. Betsileonas marmorata (Blanchard, 1840), the largest leafhopper recorded from Madagascar, presently known from a few specimens collected > 100 years ago and recently considered a genus and species incertae sedis within Cicadellidae, is newly placed in Platyjassini. Fourteen new genera and 54 new species are described and illustrated, and three new combinations are proposed. Pachyjassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pachyjassus alatus sp. nov., Pachyjassus basifurcatus sp. nov. and Pachyjassus ranomafanensis sp. nov. Pallijassus gen. nov. is erected to include two species previously placed in Platyjassus, Pallijassus reticulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. and Pallijassus stenospatulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. Petalojassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Petalojassus ochrescens sp. nov. Phaiojassus gen. nov. includes seven new species: Phaiojassus acutus sp. nov., Phaiojassus bispinosus sp. nov., Phaiojassus constrictus sp. nov., Phaiojassus grandis sp. nov., Phaiojassus spatulatus sp. nov., Phaiojassus undulatus sp. nov. and Phaiojassus unispinosus sp. nov. Pictojassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pictojassus kirindiensis sp. nov., Pictojassus productus sp. nov. and Pictojassus tulearensis sp. nov. Platyjassella gen. nov. includes six new species: Platyjassella ancora sp. nov., Platyjassella andohahelensis sp. nov., Platyjassella attenuata sp. nov., Platyjassella cormorana sp. nov., Platyjassella emarginata sp. nov. and Platyjassella immaculata sp. nov. Platyjassula gen. nov. includes four new species: Platyjassula cyclura sp. nov., Platyjassula heterofurca sp. nov., Platyjassula isofurca sp. nov. and Platyjassula mahajangensis sp. nov. In addition to the type species, Platyjassus viridis Evans, 1953, Platyjassus includes 11 new species: Platyjassus acutus sp. nov., Platyjassus asymmetricus sp. nov., Platyjassus fisheri sp. nov., Platyjassus griswoldi sp. nov., Platyjassus harinhalai sp. nov., Platyjassus irwini sp. nov., Platyjassus pedistylus sp. nov., Platyjassus pennyi sp. nov., Platyjassus pictipennis sp. nov., Platyjassus symmetricus sp. nov. and Platyjassus vestigius sp. nov. Plerujassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plerujassus brunnescens sp. nov., in addition to Plerujassus appendiculatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov., previously placed in Platyjassus. Plexijassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plexijassus caliginosus sp. nov. Pseudocurtara gen. nov. includes three new species: Pseudocurtara minima sp. nov., Pseudocurtara nigripicta sp. nov. and Pseudocurtara quadrata sp. nov. Pseudocyrta gen. nov. includes one new species, Pseudocyrta hyalina sp. nov. Pseudomarganana gen. nov. includes two new species: Pseudomarganana olivacea sp. nov. and Pseudomarganana rosea sp. nov. Pulchrijassus gen. nov. includes eight new species: Pulchrijassus anjozorobensis sp. nov., Pulchrijassus eunsunae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus pallescens sp. nov., Pulchrijassus roseus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus rubrilineatus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus sindhuae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus talatakelyensis sp. nov. and Pulchrijassus toamasinensis sp. nov. Punctijassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Punctijassus circularis sp. nov., Punctijassus compressus sp. nov. and Punctijassus ivohibensis sp. nov. Illustrated keys to genera and species are provided.
The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Purusha Distant, 1906 is reviewed and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Two new species, P. bellissima sp. nov. and P. vietnamica sp. nov. are described from Myanmar and North Vietnam, respectively. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. reversa (Hope, 1843). All species are illustrated, including all type specimens and the male genitalia for the first time. Distribution maps, identification key to species and biological data are provided. The sexual dimorphism in the genus is discussed. Five species are currently placed in Purusha.
This paper reports on the genus Cobbionema Filipjev, 1922 in Sweden with the description of four species and a revision of the genus. Cobbionema acrocerca Filipjev, 1922 is relatively small in size, with a tail that has a conical proximal and a digitate distal section. Cobbionema cylindrolaimoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950 is similar to C. acrocerca in most characters except having a larger body size and heavily cuticularized mandibles. Cobbionema brevispicula sp. nov. is characterised by short spicules and a conoid tail. Cobbionema acuminata sp. nov. is characterised by a long two-part spicule, a conical tail and three (one mid dorsal and two ventrosublateral) sharply pointed tines in the anterior chamber of the stoma that are located more anterior than in all the other species. We also present a molecular phylogeny of the family based on the nearly full-length 18S and the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA genes. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian trees inferred from both genes strongly support a clade that included Cobbionema, Demonema Cobb, 1894 and Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1888 and another clade with Gammanema Cobb, 1920 and Latronema Wieser, 1954 nested together. None of the trees supported the monophyly of the subfamilies Choniolaiminae and Selachinematinae.
All extant species of the planthopper genus Limois Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) were studied. One new species, Limois sordida sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China. Six known species are re-described and photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided. A key to all extant species of this genus is also given.
During a survey of the moss-inhabiting diatom flora of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island, located in the southern Pacific Ocean, several unknown centric diatoms were observed that could not be identified using the currently available literature. Detailed light and scanning electron microscopical observations and comparisons with the characters of several species of Melosira, Angusticopula, Ferocia and Arcanodiscus worldwide indicated that five of them should be described as new to science: Angusticopula cosmica Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., Arcanodiscus crawfordianus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., A. indistinctus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., A. saundersianus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and Ferocia houkiana Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. A sixth species, Angusticopula chilensis, was illustrated for the first time using SEM and as a result is considered to differ sufficiently from A. dickiei to warrant epitypification as A. chilensis. The new species were first described in genera that formerly were included within the genus Melosira. All six species are morphologically characterized and compared with similar species within their respective genera. Their presence and distribution on Campbell Island are discussed based on the observations made in the available samples.
The genus Elaeidobius Kuschel, 1952 (Curculionidae, Curculioniae, Derelomini) is an Afrotropical genus associated with the male inflorescences of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The activity of species in this genus is critical for pollen transportation and for the fruit set of this economically important palm. In this study, the genus Elaeidobius was revised using an integrative taxonomic approach, combining traditional taxonomic treatment of species and an analysis of sequences of mitochondrial genes (COI and COII). A total of eight species is now recognized: five now formally included within it [E. bilineatus Hustache, 1924) comb. nov., E. kamerunicus (Faust, 1898) comb. nov., E. plagiatus (Fåhraeus, 1844) comb. nov., E. singularis (Faust, 1898) comb. nov., E. subvittatus Faust, 1898)], one transferred here from the genus Prosoestus to the genus Elaeidobius, E. spatulifer (Marshall, 1950) comb. nov., and two newly described species (E. pilimargo Haran & Kuschel sp. nov., E. piliventris Haran & Kuschel sp. nov.). The following new synonymies are proposed: Prosoestus armatus Voss, 1956 = E. bilineatus (Hustache, 1924) comb. nov. and Derelomus uelensis Hustache = E. singularis (Faust, 1898). An illustrated key to the species is provided with photographs of the adult habitus and male genitalia.
The genus Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930 is one of the most typical elements representing the stygobiont fauna in the southern Dinaric Alps. In the current study I present the territory of Hercegovina (and its adjacent regions of Bjelašnica and the Dalmatian coast containing transboundary aquifers) as one of the two main biodiversity hotspots for distribution of the genus. It is comparable with the species radiation of Plagigeyeria in the Kotor Bay–Skadar Lake Basin area. My study of the karst springs and caves revealed, besides the presently known species, twelve new Plagigeyeria taxa detected in so-far uninvestigated karstic aquifers: Plagigeyeria erossi sp. nov., P. ljutaensis sp. nov., P. konjicensis sp. nov., P. pseudocostellina sp. nov., P. reischuetzorum sp. nov., P. olsavskyi sp. nov., P. listicaensis sp. nov., P. ozimeci sp. nov., P. jakabi sp. nov., P. angyaldorkae sp. nov., P. vriosticaensis sp. nov. and P. lewarnei sp. nov. Closer shell morphology investigation supported by the protoconch morphology revealed a presence of another genus within the former Plagigeyeria complex. The following taxa are transferred herein to Travunijana Glöer & Grego, 2019: Plagigeyeria robusta Schütt, 1959, P. robusta asculpta Schütt, 1972, P. ovalis Kuščer, 1933, P. edlaueri Schütt, 1961, P. klemmi Schütt, 1961, P. nitida Schütt, 1963, P. angelovi Schütt, 1972 and P. tribunicae Schütt, 1963, plus a new species, Travunijana gloeri sp. nov., is described for the genus. Distribution maps of both genera, Plagigeyeria and Travunijana, over the karst aquifers of Hercegovina and adjacent regions are presented with respect to the hydrogeological separation of the known spring karst conduits and aquifers.
Neoxorides Clément, 1938 is a small genus of ichneumonid wasps that develop on wood-boring beetles. We here revise the Western Palaearctic species of the genus, with a special focus on Sweden. A new species, N. striatus Johansson sp. nov. is described. Neoxorides opacus (Kokujev, 1903) stat. rev. is excluded from the synonymy with N. nitens (Gravenhorst, 1829) and reinstated as a valid species. The species is redescribed from European material. Neoxorides kissi (Ulbricht, 1911) is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. opacus. A neotype for N. opacus is designated. New characters to distinguish N. varipes (Holmgren, 1860), N. collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829) and N. montanus Oehlke, 1966 are presented. Almost all of the species treated are supported by DNA-barcoding. An illustrated key to the species occurring in the Western Palaearctic is provided, a prerequisite for making the genus accessible for future ecological and conservation studies.
The present study evaluates the significance of Triassic ostracods from the Romanian Black Sea shelf as part of a project for the understanding of the palaeoceanographical evolution of the offshore extension of the North Dobrogean Orogen. The drill core CM31, sampled from the borehole 817 Lebăda Vest drilled on the western Romanian portion of the Black Sea shelf, contains sediments of Rhaetian, Late Triassic age. The taxonomy of ostracods obtained is discussed and adds to the scientific understanding of marine ostracods during the Rhaetian stage. We document 72 species, of which seven are new: Histriabairdia pontuseuxinusensis Forel gen. et sp. nov., Bairdiacypris argonautaii Forel sp. nov., Ceratobairdia? akhilleusi Forel sp. nov., Isobythocypris atalantella Forel sp. nov., Petasobairdia amazonella Forel sp. nov., Paracypris ovidi Forel sp. nov. and Pseudomacrocypris? kerabani Forel sp. nov. Histriabairdia Forel gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate species of the Triassic–Jurassic interval previously attributed to the modern genus Anchistrocheles. These assemblages point to an outer shelf environmental with relatively normal marine oxygenation. The oldest occurrence of Pokornyopsis, found in this material, indicates that this forerunner of modern troglobitic ostracods may not have been troglobitic in the Triassic.
During several sampling campaigns in the regions of Galicia and Andalusia in Spain and the Algarve region in Portugal, specimens of twelve species of schizorhynch rhabdocoels were collected. Four of these are new to science: three species of Proschizorhynchus (P. algarvensis sp. nov., P. arnautsae sp. nov. and P. troglodytus sp. nov.) and one species of Schizochilus (S. coninxae sp. nov.). The new species of Proschizorhynchus can be distinguished from their congeners by the curvature and length of their stylet, as well as the cirrus sheath and the organisation of the genital system. Schizochilus coninxae sp. nov. has a distinct two-part stylet that is unique within the genus. In addition to these new species, new data are reported for the diascorhynchid Diascorhynchus caligatus and the schizorhynchids Carcharodorhynchus multidentatus, C. tenuis, C. flavidus, Proschizorhynchus pectinatus and P. reniformis. Finally, new records for C. flavidus from the Hawaiian archipelago are presented.