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The freshwater snail genus Mercuria is widely distributed in lowland waters across Western Europe, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Approximately two-thirds of the currently recognised species are described based on their shell morphology, which may vary within species due to biotic and abiotic factors. Recent molecular phylogenies that included numerous previously documented populations recovered 14 species clades, nine of which correspond to nominal species and five, to undescribed taxa. Here, we formally describe the five undescribed taxa as new species and provide morphological descriptions of the shell and other anatomical structures for three of the other inferred clades and for the species M. maceana to elucidate their taxonomic status and assess the utility of morphological characters for species delimitation in Mercuria. Taken together, the morphological and molecular evidence suggest new identifications and synonymies, having implications on the known geographic range of the studied species, including the type species M. similis. Anatomical measurements and geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape revealed no clear differentiation among the species analysed, predicting the importance of molecular data in elucidating the species diversity of the genus.
The rhythm of biodiversity loss vastly surpasses the number of new species described per year, with several taxa going extinct without us even knowing about their existence. After more than 250 years of traditional taxonomy, it is clear that the rate of biodiversity description and discovery needs to be improved. Molecular data has greatly increased the speed of species discovery and accuracy of taxonomic delimitation. Phenotypic documentation, although relatively slower, is still crucial to identify species and communicate taxonomic discoveries to a broader audience. Here, we integrate these data sources to describe a relatively large number of new species of the spider genus Anyphaena and look into its internal phylogenetic relationships. Our findings support the existence of several species groups within Anyphaena (as currently defined), but failed to recover the monophyly of this genus, suggesting a more comprehensive revision of its species groups and closely related anyphaenid genera is necessary. The 21 new species described here are: Anyphaena adnani sp. nov., A. bifurcata sp. nov., A. dulceae sp. nov., A. epicardia sp. nov., A. fernandae sp. nov., A. franciscoi sp. nov., A. ibarrai sp. nov., A. jimenezi sp. nov., A. megamedia sp. nov., A. miniducta sp. nov., A. natachae sp. nov., A. noctua sp. nov., A. porta sp. nov., A. quadrata sp. nov., A. rebecae sp. nov., A. salgueiroi sp. nov., A. sofiae sp. nov., A. stigma sp. nov., A. tonoi sp. nov., A. triangularis sp. nov. and A. urieli sp. nov.
Lectotypes are designated for Acmaeodera amabilis Horn, 1878 and Acmaeodera disjuncta Fall, 1899 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The defining characters of Acmaeodera opacula LeConte, 1858 are compared with those of A. disjuncta Fall, 1899, as well as habitat and host plant. Acmaeodera disjuncta is synonymized with A. opacula. The distinguishing characters of congeners whose general appearance at times can resemble A. opacula are discussed, and a new state record for Mexico is provided for A. opacula.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA3C1BA7-9BF8-45F7-84D6-362B52305931
Use of a combination of a novel pitfall trap setup and Lindgren funnel traps at Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park resulted in the collection of few specimens due to a higher than normal ground water level. Despite this, some unusual specimens of Arachnida and Diplopoda were found, including the second known record of Mysmena incredula Gertsch and Davis, 1936 (Araneae: Mysmenidae) in Florida.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB76066E-EA16-4A19-8A3E-54D3BE5F94E7
A new state record of Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Dakota, USA
(2023)
Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Cockerell, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is newly recorded for the state of South Dakota, USA. The bees were sampled predominantly with blue vane traps, and E. kansensis was associated with a wide range of habitats that did not include its primary floral resources of Cucurbita L. and Ipomoea L. Further study is warranted to determine the basis for the association of E. kansensis within the wide range of habitats in this study.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4504A68E-8629-4CE7-996B-1D0EA793C944
We propose several nomenclatural changes for taxa in the lampyrid subfamilies Ototretinae, Photurinae, and Psilocladinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Evidence for the correct year of description of Drilaster albicornis lateobscura (Pic, 1921) is presented. Spellings are corrected for Drilaster debilis holzi (Pic, 1914), Drilaster impustulata fukienensis (Pic, 1955), Drilaster moutoni (Pic, 1911), Drilaster pendleburyi (Pic, 1943) and Pyrogaster lunifera (Eschscholtz, 1822). We also explain the validity of the name Photuris flavicollis Fall, 1927. Fifty-eight taxa described as variations or aberrations in the subfamilies Ototretinae, Photurinae, and Psilocladinae by Delkeskamp (1977), McDermott (1966), Wittmer (1944), and Pic (1924c), are evaluated, with their availability determined based on ICZN (1999: Article 45.6).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65697128-997F-4A52-AC9E-6860B0BF997D
A team of experienced lepidopterists sampled the butterfly fauna of Peru’s Cosñipata Region from 400 to 4,000 m elevation for more than a decade (7,440 field person hours) and supplemented this sample with data from museum specimens and the scientific literature. An annotated checklist of Cosñipata Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) documents 398 species, which represents 29% of the world Riodinidae fauna. For each, it lists sample abundance, adult behavior, elevation, and temporal distribution. In the fieldwork sample, 75 species (20.9%) were sampled once and 39 (9.8%) were not encountered (collected or imaged by others). A riodinid species of median abundance was sampled an average of once every 826 field person-hours. Sampled sex ratios were 81.2% male, but were not statistically higher in species in which male perching behavior was observed. We document examples of conspicuous geographic variation in the time of male perching behavior. Species richness is greatest at low elevation and at the transition between the dry and wet seasons. There is little evidence that the community is composed of species restricted to narrow elevational bands or restricted in the adult stage to a single season. Compared with Lycaenidae, Riodinidae are significantly more restricted to lowland habitats and were sampled 2.5 times as frequently with a mean number of individuals per species more than twice as great as that of Lycaenidae.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51233294-9511-41E4-980F-5A0D9080C680
The use of common names for species and subspecies of North American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) presents a variety of questions for pompilid specialists as most pompilid taxa are difficult to identify, even under the microscope. Some common names currently being used for spider wasp species are acceptable while others are misleading, unfit and unacceptable. Opinions on the relative value of common names for spider wasps from current Pompilidae researchers are given in the Introduction. Eleven inappropriate common names for North American Pompilidae species and subspecies are identified and discussedin the Results.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:065150FE-AFD2-45C3-A3D2-C90CD811A03E
Dorvilleids belonging to Ophryotrocha Claparède & Mecznikow, 1869 are known from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. However, how they colonized and diversified in these ecosystems has not been assessed in detail. Here, a collection of Pacific hydrothermal vent Ophryotrocha was examined using morphology and DNA markers (COI, 16S and H3). Five new species were revealed, largely expanding the diversity of the group at this habitat type. They are Ophryotrocha charlottae sp. nov., O. kailae sp. nov., O. marinae sp. nov., O. pruittae sp. nov. from eastern Pacific, and O. bohnorum sp. nov. from the western Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated alignments of all three genes suggest vent habitants have been colonized several times independently within Ophryotrocha. One clade of six vent species was recovered, indicative of diversification following a colonization of hydrothermal vents, likely in the eastern Pacific. An Indian Ocean species, O. jiaolongi, was nested inside this clade and was closely related to one of the new species from the Gulf of California, diverging from it by less than 4% on COI.
A taxonomic review was conducted of the type material of Quedius rove beetles (including Indoquedius, previously a subgenus) described by Otto Scheerpeltz from the 1934 Swedish expedition by René Malaise to Kambaiti, Myanmar. The specimens were mistakenly thought to be lost or compromised during the Second World War, and so the corresponding available names were not considered in the extensive taxonomic study of Quedius from the Himalayan Region and mainland China that has followed. This has resulted in the following synonyms: Indoquedius nonparallelus Zhao & Zhou, 2010 syn. nov. = I. malaisei (Scheerpeltz, 1965); I. baliyo Smetana, 1988 syn. nov. = I. micantiventris (Scheerpeltz, 1965); I. sanguinipennis (Scheerpeltz, 1965) syn. nov., I. bicoloris Smetana, 2014 syn. nov. = I. parallelicollis (Scheerpeltz, 1965); Quedius cornutus Cai et al., 2015 syn. nov. = Q. rutilipennis Scheerpeltz, 1965; Q. sundar Smetana, 1988 syn. nov., Q. hecato Smetana, 2012 syn. nov. = Q. semilaeviventris Scheerpeltz, 1965; Q. kambaitiensis Scheerpeltz, 1965 syn. nov. = Q. muscicola Cameron, 1932. The species collected by Malaise were treated within the most recent phylogenetic context, resulting in Malaisdius gen. nov., M. ruficeps (Scheerpeltz) comb. nov., and new or revised morphological concepts for the Apicicornis and Masasatoi species groups of Quedius (Microsaurus), and the Muscicola group of Quedius (Raphirus). Malaisdius smetanai gen. et sp. nov. is described from Nepal.
Within the well-studied Palearctic entomofauna, it is often assumed that the discovery of new species is limited to resolving cryptic species complexes within dark taxa. Herein, we describe a highly distinctive species of Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) from Germany and provide a COI barcoding sequence for the new species. We present a 3D reconstruction of the holotype based on micro-CT to serve as a cybertype. The females of Aphanogmus kretschmanni Moser sp. nov. are diagnosed by two rows of prominent spines on the ventral edge of the 7th metasomal sternite, a character set that has not previously been found in Hymenoptera. We analyse the functional morphology of the ovipositor mechanism and discuss hypotheses regarding the functional implications of the unique modification of the 7th metasomal sternite. Possible host associations are reviewed and the taxonomic placement of the new species is discussed.
We describe and illustrate Croton restingae Sodré & Riina sp. nov., a new species endemic to a restricted area in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterized by a particular type of vegetation of the Atlantic Forest known as restinga. The new species belongs to Croton sect. Adenophylli subsect. Laceratoglandulosus, which is supported by morphology and a phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. Croton restingae is most closely related to C. echioides and C. laceratoglandulosus, also in subsect. Laceratoglandulosus, with which it shares the fruit columella with three non-inflated, flat or slightly ascending apical appendages. Croton restingae differs from them by its sessile or shortly stipitate leaf nectaries, revolute pistillate sepals, styles distally 2-fid and basally united forming a column, and larger capsules (7.5–8 × 8.5–9.3 mm). Croton restingaeʼs habitat, conservation status, phenology, morphology and phylogenetic relationships are discussed, and a map with its geographic distribution is also included.
Five new species of freshwater gastropods of the tateid genus Sulawesidrobia are described from the ancient Lake Matano on Sulawesi, Indonesia: S. wilsoni sp. nov., S. carsonae sp. nov., S. ehrlichi sp. nov., S. crutzeni sp. nov., and S. dinersteini sp. nov. The descriptions were based on shell morphology, anatomy as well as phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I. All three suits of characters were included into the diagnoses. The new species formed a clade with two species from Lake Towuti, but separate from already known species from Lake Matano. The species were discovered between 2003 and 2005. However, not a single specimen of Sulawesidrobia was found when several sites were revisited in 2018 and 2019. This may be a consequence of the release of South American flowerhorn cichlid fish into the lake, in combination with heavy eutrophication of the once ultra-oligotrophic lake. It seems likely that several populations or even entire species of Sulawesidrobia in Lake Matano may be extinct. The species names given reflect this by acknowledging important conservationists.
Here I describe a new genus, Iviephengus gen. nov., based on a single species, Iviephengus ferreirai gen. et sp. nov., from Peru. This new genus is characterized by the following combination of characters: interantennal distance close to 3 × the antennal socket length; antenna 12-segmented, IV to XI each with two long symmetrical compressed and apically slightly enlarged branches; labrum fused to frontoclypeus; mandibles short, obliquely crossed, each with a notch on the external margin to fit the other mandible and without extra teeth; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 2-segmented; posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted, r3 absent; first tarsomere of pro- and mesotarsus with a ventral comb covering the posterior half of the tarsomere; claws simple, without any teeth; aedeagus with paramere symmetrical, apex unevenly round, toothed inward, with short and sparse bristles. I provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 12-segmented antennae and the first pro- and mesotarsomere with ventral combs. I also provide illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus. Finally, I discuss the presence and function of some modifications in the mandible and the sternite VIII in Phengodidae and other Coleopteran families.
Three novel species collected from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHSBR) in southern China, Russula cylindrica Y.Song sp. nov. and R. lacteocarpa Y.Song sp. nov. in subgenus Archaeae and R. reticulofolia Y.Song sp. nov. in subg. Compactae, are described based on morphological and molecular data. In addition, Russula leucobrunnea Y.Song nom. nov. is proposed in replacement of R. leucocarpa nom. illeg. in subg. Brevipedum, as R. leucocarpa (T.Lebel) T.Lebel had been described earlier. Differences between the three novel species and their closely related taxa were analyzed. Another two known species in subg. Brevipedum, R. callainomarginis J.F.Liang & J.Song and R. japonica Hongo were also identified among specimens from DHSBR and are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and a five-locus phylogeny (concatenated LSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) support the recognition of these taxa.
Autarcontes lopezi Fisher, 1925 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is transferred to the genus Agrilus Curtis, 1825 (new combination). Colobogaster bella Kirsch, 1873, is transferred to the genus Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, 1829 (new combination). Ectinogonia isamarae Moore, 1994, is resurrected as the valid name for the species previously called E. obscuripennis Cobos, 1954, as the latter is unavailable as infrasubspecific. Conognatha jakobsoni Obenberger, 1928, is resurrected over C. germaini Théry in Hoscheck, 1934, as the former name has priority. Callimicra lucida Waterhouse, 1889, is resurrected as the valid name over C. hoscheki Obenberger, 1922, which has been used due to several historical errors and misinterpretations.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:651D001D-1C91-4A1A-B8BE-335BC7E7DD0F
Se describe el Ciclo de Vida de Hamadryas chloe chloe (Stoll, 1787) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae). Se desarrolla en sus etapas inmaduras usando como planta hospedante a Dalechampia scandens Linnaeus 1753 (Euphorbiaceae). El tiempo para la determinación del ciclo en condiciones de laboratorio desde la postura de los huevos hasta la emergencia de los adultos fue de 30–32 días en promedio. Se encontró asociado a los huevos de la especie un parasitoide de la familia Encyrtidae. La especie mantiene características morfológicas similares al género como setas prominentes en la cabeza y cuerpo de las larvas, especialmente en instares superiores. Se observaron características policromáticas en las pupas, presentándose fenotipos verde y negro.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:850702BD-A997-4A6F-979A-9174BDBAF5BA
A checklist of the dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae; Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae) of Oaxaca, Mexico, is presented for the first time. The checklist contains 252 taxa, 15 Geotrupidae, 77 Aphodiinae, and 160 Scarabaeinae. The state includes 58 genera and 15 tribes, where Onthophagus is the most species-rich genus with 49 taxa, followed by Ataenius with 22, Canthon with 17 and Phanaeus with 15 taxa. Valid names, as well as synonyms, are provided. First records, notes on presently recognized species, nomenclatural problems, and biodiversity comparisons are included. Phanaeus dionysius Kohlmann, Arriaga-Jiménez and Rös, 2018 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is re-established as a valid species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3DE939E2-5A69-45EF-A7E5-ED427D978BE3
Nesting behavior of the spider wasp Calopompilus pyrrhomelas (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
(2023)
The nesting behavior of the spider wasp Calopompilus pyrrhomelas (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsini) is described for the first time based on independent observations and photographic series from Oakland, Alameda County, CA; Denio, Humboldt County, NV; and Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, Marin County, CA, respectively. The three wasps captured, immobilized, and provisioned the spider’s own burrows with Calisoga longitarsis (Simon) (Nemesiidae) and Antrodiaetus montanus (Chamberlin and Ivie) (Antrodiaetidae).
ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:99349A59-147A-4970-AAC1-959F2ABCA1C1
The Palaearctic longhorn beetle Stictoleptura cordigera (Füssli, 1775) (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini) is recorded for the first time in Chile, based on specimens collected in a rural locality of the Maule Region. This new record is the first in the New World and increases to eleven the number of exotic cerambycids introduced and established in the Chilean territory. A brief diagnosis for recognition of the species and data about its distribution and natural history are provided. The possible route of entry of this cerambycid into Chile is discussed.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:31B28316-5040-477E-9E99-2D665FA3F852