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The freshwater snail genus Mercuria is widely distributed in lowland waters across Western Europe, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Approximately two-thirds of the currently recognised species are described based on their shell morphology, which may vary within species due to biotic and abiotic factors. Recent molecular phylogenies that included numerous previously documented populations recovered 14 species clades, nine of which correspond to nominal species and five, to undescribed taxa. Here, we formally describe the five undescribed taxa as new species and provide morphological descriptions of the shell and other anatomical structures for three of the other inferred clades and for the species M. maceana to elucidate their taxonomic status and assess the utility of morphological characters for species delimitation in Mercuria. Taken together, the morphological and molecular evidence suggest new identifications and synonymies, having implications on the known geographic range of the studied species, including the type species M. similis. Anatomical measurements and geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape revealed no clear differentiation among the species analysed, predicting the importance of molecular data in elucidating the species diversity of the genus.
The rhythm of biodiversity loss vastly surpasses the number of new species described per year, with several taxa going extinct without us even knowing about their existence. After more than 250 years of traditional taxonomy, it is clear that the rate of biodiversity description and discovery needs to be improved. Molecular data has greatly increased the speed of species discovery and accuracy of taxonomic delimitation. Phenotypic documentation, although relatively slower, is still crucial to identify species and communicate taxonomic discoveries to a broader audience. Here, we integrate these data sources to describe a relatively large number of new species of the spider genus Anyphaena and look into its internal phylogenetic relationships. Our findings support the existence of several species groups within Anyphaena (as currently defined), but failed to recover the monophyly of this genus, suggesting a more comprehensive revision of its species groups and closely related anyphaenid genera is necessary. The 21 new species described here are: Anyphaena adnani sp. nov., A. bifurcata sp. nov., A. dulceae sp. nov., A. epicardia sp. nov., A. fernandae sp. nov., A. franciscoi sp. nov., A. ibarrai sp. nov., A. jimenezi sp. nov., A. megamedia sp. nov., A. miniducta sp. nov., A. natachae sp. nov., A. noctua sp. nov., A. porta sp. nov., A. quadrata sp. nov., A. rebecae sp. nov., A. salgueiroi sp. nov., A. sofiae sp. nov., A. stigma sp. nov., A. tonoi sp. nov., A. triangularis sp. nov. and A. urieli sp. nov.
Lectotypes are designated for Acmaeodera amabilis Horn, 1878 and Acmaeodera disjuncta Fall, 1899 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The defining characters of Acmaeodera opacula LeConte, 1858 are compared with those of A. disjuncta Fall, 1899, as well as habitat and host plant. Acmaeodera disjuncta is synonymized with A. opacula. The distinguishing characters of congeners whose general appearance at times can resemble A. opacula are discussed, and a new state record for Mexico is provided for A. opacula.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA3C1BA7-9BF8-45F7-84D6-362B52305931
Use of a combination of a novel pitfall trap setup and Lindgren funnel traps at Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park resulted in the collection of few specimens due to a higher than normal ground water level. Despite this, some unusual specimens of Arachnida and Diplopoda were found, including the second known record of Mysmena incredula Gertsch and Davis, 1936 (Araneae: Mysmenidae) in Florida.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB76066E-EA16-4A19-8A3E-54D3BE5F94E7
A new state record of Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Dakota, USA
(2023)
Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Cockerell, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is newly recorded for the state of South Dakota, USA. The bees were sampled predominantly with blue vane traps, and E. kansensis was associated with a wide range of habitats that did not include its primary floral resources of Cucurbita L. and Ipomoea L. Further study is warranted to determine the basis for the association of E. kansensis within the wide range of habitats in this study.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4504A68E-8629-4CE7-996B-1D0EA793C944
We propose several nomenclatural changes for taxa in the lampyrid subfamilies Ototretinae, Photurinae, and Psilocladinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Evidence for the correct year of description of Drilaster albicornis lateobscura (Pic, 1921) is presented. Spellings are corrected for Drilaster debilis holzi (Pic, 1914), Drilaster impustulata fukienensis (Pic, 1955), Drilaster moutoni (Pic, 1911), Drilaster pendleburyi (Pic, 1943) and Pyrogaster lunifera (Eschscholtz, 1822). We also explain the validity of the name Photuris flavicollis Fall, 1927. Fifty-eight taxa described as variations or aberrations in the subfamilies Ototretinae, Photurinae, and Psilocladinae by Delkeskamp (1977), McDermott (1966), Wittmer (1944), and Pic (1924c), are evaluated, with their availability determined based on ICZN (1999: Article 45.6).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65697128-997F-4A52-AC9E-6860B0BF997D
A team of experienced lepidopterists sampled the butterfly fauna of Peru’s Cosñipata Region from 400 to 4,000 m elevation for more than a decade (7,440 field person hours) and supplemented this sample with data from museum specimens and the scientific literature. An annotated checklist of Cosñipata Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) documents 398 species, which represents 29% of the world Riodinidae fauna. For each, it lists sample abundance, adult behavior, elevation, and temporal distribution. In the fieldwork sample, 75 species (20.9%) were sampled once and 39 (9.8%) were not encountered (collected or imaged by others). A riodinid species of median abundance was sampled an average of once every 826 field person-hours. Sampled sex ratios were 81.2% male, but were not statistically higher in species in which male perching behavior was observed. We document examples of conspicuous geographic variation in the time of male perching behavior. Species richness is greatest at low elevation and at the transition between the dry and wet seasons. There is little evidence that the community is composed of species restricted to narrow elevational bands or restricted in the adult stage to a single season. Compared with Lycaenidae, Riodinidae are significantly more restricted to lowland habitats and were sampled 2.5 times as frequently with a mean number of individuals per species more than twice as great as that of Lycaenidae.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51233294-9511-41E4-980F-5A0D9080C680
The use of common names for species and subspecies of North American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) presents a variety of questions for pompilid specialists as most pompilid taxa are difficult to identify, even under the microscope. Some common names currently being used for spider wasp species are acceptable while others are misleading, unfit and unacceptable. Opinions on the relative value of common names for spider wasps from current Pompilidae researchers are given in the Introduction. Eleven inappropriate common names for North American Pompilidae species and subspecies are identified and discussedin the Results.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:065150FE-AFD2-45C3-A3D2-C90CD811A03E
Dorvilleids belonging to Ophryotrocha Claparède & Mecznikow, 1869 are known from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. However, how they colonized and diversified in these ecosystems has not been assessed in detail. Here, a collection of Pacific hydrothermal vent Ophryotrocha was examined using morphology and DNA markers (COI, 16S and H3). Five new species were revealed, largely expanding the diversity of the group at this habitat type. They are Ophryotrocha charlottae sp. nov., O. kailae sp. nov., O. marinae sp. nov., O. pruittae sp. nov. from eastern Pacific, and O. bohnorum sp. nov. from the western Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated alignments of all three genes suggest vent habitants have been colonized several times independently within Ophryotrocha. One clade of six vent species was recovered, indicative of diversification following a colonization of hydrothermal vents, likely in the eastern Pacific. An Indian Ocean species, O. jiaolongi, was nested inside this clade and was closely related to one of the new species from the Gulf of California, diverging from it by less than 4% on COI.
A taxonomic review was conducted of the type material of Quedius rove beetles (including Indoquedius, previously a subgenus) described by Otto Scheerpeltz from the 1934 Swedish expedition by René Malaise to Kambaiti, Myanmar. The specimens were mistakenly thought to be lost or compromised during the Second World War, and so the corresponding available names were not considered in the extensive taxonomic study of Quedius from the Himalayan Region and mainland China that has followed. This has resulted in the following synonyms: Indoquedius nonparallelus Zhao & Zhou, 2010 syn. nov. = I. malaisei (Scheerpeltz, 1965); I. baliyo Smetana, 1988 syn. nov. = I. micantiventris (Scheerpeltz, 1965); I. sanguinipennis (Scheerpeltz, 1965) syn. nov., I. bicoloris Smetana, 2014 syn. nov. = I. parallelicollis (Scheerpeltz, 1965); Quedius cornutus Cai et al., 2015 syn. nov. = Q. rutilipennis Scheerpeltz, 1965; Q. sundar Smetana, 1988 syn. nov., Q. hecato Smetana, 2012 syn. nov. = Q. semilaeviventris Scheerpeltz, 1965; Q. kambaitiensis Scheerpeltz, 1965 syn. nov. = Q. muscicola Cameron, 1932. The species collected by Malaise were treated within the most recent phylogenetic context, resulting in Malaisdius gen. nov., M. ruficeps (Scheerpeltz) comb. nov., and new or revised morphological concepts for the Apicicornis and Masasatoi species groups of Quedius (Microsaurus), and the Muscicola group of Quedius (Raphirus). Malaisdius smetanai gen. et sp. nov. is described from Nepal.
Within the well-studied Palearctic entomofauna, it is often assumed that the discovery of new species is limited to resolving cryptic species complexes within dark taxa. Herein, we describe a highly distinctive species of Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) from Germany and provide a COI barcoding sequence for the new species. We present a 3D reconstruction of the holotype based on micro-CT to serve as a cybertype. The females of Aphanogmus kretschmanni Moser sp. nov. are diagnosed by two rows of prominent spines on the ventral edge of the 7th metasomal sternite, a character set that has not previously been found in Hymenoptera. We analyse the functional morphology of the ovipositor mechanism and discuss hypotheses regarding the functional implications of the unique modification of the 7th metasomal sternite. Possible host associations are reviewed and the taxonomic placement of the new species is discussed.
We describe and illustrate Croton restingae Sodré & Riina sp. nov., a new species endemic to a restricted area in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterized by a particular type of vegetation of the Atlantic Forest known as restinga. The new species belongs to Croton sect. Adenophylli subsect. Laceratoglandulosus, which is supported by morphology and a phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. Croton restingae is most closely related to C. echioides and C. laceratoglandulosus, also in subsect. Laceratoglandulosus, with which it shares the fruit columella with three non-inflated, flat or slightly ascending apical appendages. Croton restingae differs from them by its sessile or shortly stipitate leaf nectaries, revolute pistillate sepals, styles distally 2-fid and basally united forming a column, and larger capsules (7.5–8 × 8.5–9.3 mm). Croton restingaeʼs habitat, conservation status, phenology, morphology and phylogenetic relationships are discussed, and a map with its geographic distribution is also included.
Five new species of freshwater gastropods of the tateid genus Sulawesidrobia are described from the ancient Lake Matano on Sulawesi, Indonesia: S. wilsoni sp. nov., S. carsonae sp. nov., S. ehrlichi sp. nov., S. crutzeni sp. nov., and S. dinersteini sp. nov. The descriptions were based on shell morphology, anatomy as well as phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I. All three suits of characters were included into the diagnoses. The new species formed a clade with two species from Lake Towuti, but separate from already known species from Lake Matano. The species were discovered between 2003 and 2005. However, not a single specimen of Sulawesidrobia was found when several sites were revisited in 2018 and 2019. This may be a consequence of the release of South American flowerhorn cichlid fish into the lake, in combination with heavy eutrophication of the once ultra-oligotrophic lake. It seems likely that several populations or even entire species of Sulawesidrobia in Lake Matano may be extinct. The species names given reflect this by acknowledging important conservationists.
Here I describe a new genus, Iviephengus gen. nov., based on a single species, Iviephengus ferreirai gen. et sp. nov., from Peru. This new genus is characterized by the following combination of characters: interantennal distance close to 3 × the antennal socket length; antenna 12-segmented, IV to XI each with two long symmetrical compressed and apically slightly enlarged branches; labrum fused to frontoclypeus; mandibles short, obliquely crossed, each with a notch on the external margin to fit the other mandible and without extra teeth; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 2-segmented; posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted, r3 absent; first tarsomere of pro- and mesotarsus with a ventral comb covering the posterior half of the tarsomere; claws simple, without any teeth; aedeagus with paramere symmetrical, apex unevenly round, toothed inward, with short and sparse bristles. I provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 12-segmented antennae and the first pro- and mesotarsomere with ventral combs. I also provide illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus. Finally, I discuss the presence and function of some modifications in the mandible and the sternite VIII in Phengodidae and other Coleopteran families.
Three novel species collected from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHSBR) in southern China, Russula cylindrica Y.Song sp. nov. and R. lacteocarpa Y.Song sp. nov. in subgenus Archaeae and R. reticulofolia Y.Song sp. nov. in subg. Compactae, are described based on morphological and molecular data. In addition, Russula leucobrunnea Y.Song nom. nov. is proposed in replacement of R. leucocarpa nom. illeg. in subg. Brevipedum, as R. leucocarpa (T.Lebel) T.Lebel had been described earlier. Differences between the three novel species and their closely related taxa were analyzed. Another two known species in subg. Brevipedum, R. callainomarginis J.F.Liang & J.Song and R. japonica Hongo were also identified among specimens from DHSBR and are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and a five-locus phylogeny (concatenated LSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) support the recognition of these taxa.
Autarcontes lopezi Fisher, 1925 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is transferred to the genus Agrilus Curtis, 1825 (new combination). Colobogaster bella Kirsch, 1873, is transferred to the genus Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, 1829 (new combination). Ectinogonia isamarae Moore, 1994, is resurrected as the valid name for the species previously called E. obscuripennis Cobos, 1954, as the latter is unavailable as infrasubspecific. Conognatha jakobsoni Obenberger, 1928, is resurrected over C. germaini Théry in Hoscheck, 1934, as the former name has priority. Callimicra lucida Waterhouse, 1889, is resurrected as the valid name over C. hoscheki Obenberger, 1922, which has been used due to several historical errors and misinterpretations.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:651D001D-1C91-4A1A-B8BE-335BC7E7DD0F
Se describe el Ciclo de Vida de Hamadryas chloe chloe (Stoll, 1787) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae). Se desarrolla en sus etapas inmaduras usando como planta hospedante a Dalechampia scandens Linnaeus 1753 (Euphorbiaceae). El tiempo para la determinación del ciclo en condiciones de laboratorio desde la postura de los huevos hasta la emergencia de los adultos fue de 30–32 días en promedio. Se encontró asociado a los huevos de la especie un parasitoide de la familia Encyrtidae. La especie mantiene características morfológicas similares al género como setas prominentes en la cabeza y cuerpo de las larvas, especialmente en instares superiores. Se observaron características policromáticas en las pupas, presentándose fenotipos verde y negro.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:850702BD-A997-4A6F-979A-9174BDBAF5BA
A checklist of the dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae; Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae) of Oaxaca, Mexico, is presented for the first time. The checklist contains 252 taxa, 15 Geotrupidae, 77 Aphodiinae, and 160 Scarabaeinae. The state includes 58 genera and 15 tribes, where Onthophagus is the most species-rich genus with 49 taxa, followed by Ataenius with 22, Canthon with 17 and Phanaeus with 15 taxa. Valid names, as well as synonyms, are provided. First records, notes on presently recognized species, nomenclatural problems, and biodiversity comparisons are included. Phanaeus dionysius Kohlmann, Arriaga-Jiménez and Rös, 2018 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is re-established as a valid species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3DE939E2-5A69-45EF-A7E5-ED427D978BE3
Nesting behavior of the spider wasp Calopompilus pyrrhomelas (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
(2023)
The nesting behavior of the spider wasp Calopompilus pyrrhomelas (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsini) is described for the first time based on independent observations and photographic series from Oakland, Alameda County, CA; Denio, Humboldt County, NV; and Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, Marin County, CA, respectively. The three wasps captured, immobilized, and provisioned the spider’s own burrows with Calisoga longitarsis (Simon) (Nemesiidae) and Antrodiaetus montanus (Chamberlin and Ivie) (Antrodiaetidae).
ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:99349A59-147A-4970-AAC1-959F2ABCA1C1
The Palaearctic longhorn beetle Stictoleptura cordigera (Füssli, 1775) (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini) is recorded for the first time in Chile, based on specimens collected in a rural locality of the Maule Region. This new record is the first in the New World and increases to eleven the number of exotic cerambycids introduced and established in the Chilean territory. A brief diagnosis for recognition of the species and data about its distribution and natural history are provided. The possible route of entry of this cerambycid into Chile is discussed.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:31B28316-5040-477E-9E99-2D665FA3F852
In this paper are presented notes on the primary types of some species of the oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris described by the European naturalists and entomologists Amédée Louis Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, Anders Christian Jensen-Haarup, Arthur Louis Marie Joseph Vachal, Charles Émile Blanchard, Embrik Strand, Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville, Jean Pérez, Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, Johann Ludwig Christ, John Obadiah Westwood, Josef Anton Maximilian Perty, Jules Dominique, Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister, Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre, Massimiliano Spinola, Peter Cameron, and Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson. Information on the type status, type locality and depository are provided. In order to stabilize some names, lectotype designations were made for Centris rhodophthalma, C. sponsa var. asuncionis, C. transversa, Hemisia byssina and Ptilotopus americanus. Centris sponsa var. asuncionis is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. sponsa, revalidated and raised to species level. Centris byssina is proposed as nomen oblitum and as a new junior synonym of C. trigonoides, nomen protectum.
This review covers Parageron Paramonov s. lat., including 36 species. Three new genera are proposed: Ectopusia gen. nov., Protypusia gen. nov. and Parusia gen. nov.; Parageron s. str. more narrowly defined. Eleven new species are described: Parageron longilingua sp. nov., Protypusia argentata gen. et sp. nov., Pro. separata Gibbs & Theodor gen. et sp. nov., Pro. flavipalpis gen. et sp. nov., Pro. kerkini gen. et sp. nov., Pro. strymonas gen. et sp. nov., Parusia almeria gen. et sp. nov., Pru. benoisti gen. et sp. nov., Pru. cyrenaica gen. et sp. nov., Pru. faesae gen. et sp. nov. and Pru. propinqua gen. et sp. nov. Two species raised from synonymy Par. orientalis Paramonov stat. rev. and Pru. taeniolata (Costa) stat. rev. Two species synonymised Pro. major Macquart syn. nov. and Usia arida Báez syn. nov. Eight species removed from Usiini to Apolysini, Apolysis bicolor (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. elbae (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. flavipes (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. marginata (Brunetti) comb. nov., A. minuscula (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. parvula (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. turkmenica (Paramonov) comb. nov. and A. volkovitshi (Zaitzev) comb. nov. Apolysis melanderi Gibbs nom. nov. replaces A. bicolor (Melander) (was in Oligodranes) and A. hessei Gibbs nom. nov. replaces A. minuscula Hesse. Two neotypes and nine lectotypes are designated.
Lasioglossum is a large genus of halictid bees with high species diversity in morphologically rather cryptic species groups. With more than 1900 described species, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and largely unresolved in many regions. For practical reasons, systematic reviews are restricted in scope either geographically or to particular species groups. In this study we focus on the subgenus Dialictus of the genus Lasioglossum from the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. In previous studies we identified members of the genus as important pollinators of cash crops in the region, and genetic analyses suggested the existence of seven molecular taxonomic units (mOTU). Based on additional morphological differences, we here describe these mOTUs as novel species, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) yucatanense Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) paxtoni Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) ameshoferi Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) aureoviride Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., L. (D.) paralepidii Gardner sp. nov., L. (D.) milpa Landaverde-González sp. nov. and L. (D.) nanotegula Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., and provide keys and images to assist in their identification.
Two new species, Russula pseudopunicea C.L.Hou, G.Q.Cheng & H.Zhou sp. nov. and R. wulingshanensis C.L.Hou, G.Q.Cheng & H.Zhou sp. nov., from Yanshan mountains in North China are described herein based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of nrITS, and nrLSU-rpb2-mtSSU gene regions. Morphologically, R. pseudopunicea sp. nov. is characterised by a reddish brown, light brown to brownish orange pileus with a greyish yellow margin, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with warts forming a partial reticulum and pleurocystidia turning grey to purplish red in sulfovanillin. Russula wulingshanensis sp. nov. is characterised by a purple pinkish pileus with a grey-white to grey-purple margin, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with isolated warts, and pileocystidia turning black in sulfovanillin. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses resolved the two species in Russula subg. Heterophyllidia. Russula pseudopunicea sp. nov. and R. wulingshanensis sp. nov. were placed in the lineages of subsect. Virescentinae and subsect. Griseinae, respectively.
A new species, Clitopilus cretoalbus A.Izhar, Zaman, M.Asif, H.Bashir, Niazi & Khalid sp. nov., is described herein based on several collections from Punjab, Pakistan. It is characterized by a clitocyboid to somewhat omphaloid stature combined with a white pileus, decurrent lamellae, an almost central to slightly eccentric whitish relatively long stipe, the occurrence of cheilocystidia, and basidiospores with 6 to 9 ridges in polar view. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and nrLSU performed using the maximum likelihood method supported the novelty of this Pakistani species and its placement within the genus Clitopilus section Scyphoides. A comparison with other morpho-anatomically close species confirmed that the newly described species is distinct from others.
Six species of bopyrids were detected from the examination of hermit crabs collected along the Atlantic coasts of Mexico and deposited in the Colección Nacional de Crustáceos housed at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Asymmetrione tuxtlaensis sp. nov., the third species of the genus from the west Atlantic, is described. The occurrence of Asymmetrione desultor, Pseudostegias atlantica and Stegias clibanarii are recorded for the first time from the Mexican Atlantic coasts and the distribution range of the last two species is extended. Both a new host and three new localities for Mexico are reported for Anathelges hyptius and Bopyrissa wolffi, respectively. Distribution and reproductive data are provided for all six species examined. A key to genera and species of bopyrid isopods that parasitize hermit crabs in the Mexican Atlantic is provided.
Among the 40 genera of Barychelidae, only nine genera are described from the African continent. Thorell (1899) described Ammonius Thorell, 1899 based on a male from Cameroon. In 1965 Benoit added more information from the holotype, with detailed illustrations of the male palp bulb and the eye group. Since then, few taxonomic revisions or new species of Barychelidae have been proposed from the African continent. Ammonius can be distinguished by the strongly pronounced retrolateral lobe of the male cymbium and the aspect of the bilobed spermathecae of the female. We redescribe the holotype male of A. pupulus Thorell, 1899 and describe the female for the first time. Additionally, a new species is described: Ammonius benoiti sp. nov., from Ivory Coast. The morphology of the tarsal setae is presented through SEM photographs. New distribution records of the genus are provided.
Seven new species of Schismatothele Karsch, 1879 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) are described, almost doubling the diversity of the genus: S. caeri sp. nov.; S. caiquetia sp. nov.; S. merida sp. nov.; S. moonenorum sp. nov.; S. quimbaya sp. nov.; S. timotocuica sp. nov. and S. wayana sp. nov. An identification key for all species of Schismatothele (except S. kastoni) is presented, as well as a complementary diagnosis for the genus. Also, a standardized nomenclature is proposed to describe the prolateral keels of male palpal bulbs of species of Schismatothele.
A new genus of Pudeoniscidae from Peru is described, Loretoniscus gen. nov., including a new species: Loretoniscus mashiriaensis gen. et sp. nov. The new genus is characterized by pereonite 1 epimera without dorsolateral furrows, pereonites 1 and 2 without ventral lobes, telson with distal portion covering uropod endopods, and pleopod 1–2 exopods with respiratory areas. This is the first record of the family Pudeoniscidae from Peru, considerably extending its distribution in the Neotropical region.
Three new species of pseudoscorpion, Allochthonius lini sp. nov. (Xiaoguoquan Cave) and Selachochthonius yinae sp. nov. (Xiao Cave) from Yunnan Province, Allochthonius xuae sp. nov. (Yelaoda Cave) from Guizhou Province, are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for all known Chinese representatives of the family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae.
The justification of the 4 genera that currently compose the class Pavlovophyceae is based on a low number of species and a relative paucity of available, traceable and referenced cultures. Previous integrative phylogeny work revealed strains that can refine and strengthen our knowledge of the genera in the class. The application of multiple light and electron microscopy techniques allowed us to prioritize the cytomorphological characters (pyrenoid, thylakoid, stigma, knob-scales, life stage / life cycle) used for the taxonomy of these algae and to describe two new species: Exanthemachrysis fresneliae Véron sp. nov. and Rebecca billardiae Véron sp. nov. Consequently, revisions of the two genera Exanthemachrysis Lepailleur emend. Véron and Rebecca Green emend. Véron were made. In addition, the genus Pavlova Butcher emend Véron is revised in the light of these characters. Particular emphasis is placed on the life stages and habitat of the species.
Cymatodera batleth new species (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is described from Honduras. It appears to belong to a group of Central American congeners that share similar facies and coloration, deeply emarginate elytral apices and elaborately modified male pygidia.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:404D5B1A-8BC3-4350-9E8A-20C770174A47
Minute aphids belonging to the species Myzus fataunae Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were found at a nursery in Seminole County, Florida. Morphological and molecular data support this determination. The Florida population only colonized species of Pilea Lindl. in our host range experiments. It did not colonize Fatoua villosa. Nakai. Likewise, it did not colonize tested common Florida species of Urticaceae other than Pilea spp. Myzus fataunae is adventive, and it appears to be established in the United States.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EA6031BB-3E9E-49E2-871F-3D57E7302F9F
Novel data support validity of Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas, 1814) (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)
(2023)
The common minnow species Cyprinus chrysoprasius, previously synonymised to Phoxinus phoxinus, was originally described from the Crimean Peninsula (Black Sea – Sea of Azov basin). A genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase 1 in the context of a phylogenetic study of European Phoxinus showed that it represents a distinct genetic clade and potentially a valid species. In the present study, we approach the issue following a broader, both genetic and morphological, study in order to check and support the validity of native Crimean Phoxinus under the earliest available name of the species: P. chrysoprasius. Our data demonstrate a reliable genetic distance of this minnow from geographically neighbouring clades and species, and a certain morphological distinctiveness. In order to determine the taxonomic concept of P. chrysoprasius, as a species involved in a genetically well-differentiated, but phenotypically poorly structured complex of east-European Phoxinus, a neotype for the species, based on topotypical material, is herein described and designated. The original type locality of the species is also clarified.
The present corrigendum corrects errors that occurred in: Zheng Y., Hu H., Chen D., Chen J., Zhang H. & Rasnitsyn A.P. 2021. New fossil records of Xyelidae (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. European Journal of Taxonomy 733: 146–159. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1229
Several phylogenetic studies have revealed that Murraya s. lat. is not monophyletic, suggesting that it should be split into two genera, namely Murraya s. str. and Bergera J.Koenig ex L. Here, the genus Bergera is comprehensively revised based on molecular and morphological data. The genus consists of 11 species in total, including all species previously placed in Murraya sect. Bergera and an additional species previously placed in Murraya sect. Murraya. Ten new combinations are proposed, namely Bergera alternifolia (Kurz) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. crenulata (Turcz.) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. euchrestifolia (Hayata) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. glabra (Guillemin) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. kwangsiensis (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. macrophylla (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. microphylla (Merr. & Chun) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. siamensis (Craib) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. stenocarpa (Drake) F.J.Mou comb. nov., and B. tetramera (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov. An identification key of the 11 species and morphological descriptions are provided, as well as illustrations of diagnostic characteristics. Phylogenetic relationships of the species in Bergera are discussed.
Specimens of munidid squat lobsters belonging to the genera Heteronida Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996 and Torbenella Baba, 2008 were collected in scientific expeditions made by several French cruises along the southwestern Pacific. These specimens were identified as two species (one new) of Heteronida and six species (four new) of Torbenella. The present paper provides systematic accounts of the five new species, along with new locality records of known species shown by this material and color information where available. Molecular data is provided to support the systematic status of each new species. A key to species for each of the genera is also presented.
Neotropical Xiphocentronidae may have arrived in South America from Central America in the late Miocene or via the Greater Antilles land bridge during the Oligocene. This would give from 10 to 30 Mya of diversification of the family in South America. However, only 11 species were previously known from the Andean foothills. In this study, five new species are described from Peru, four of Xiphocentron (X. ashaninka sp. nov., X. harakbut sp. nov., X. matsigenka sp. nov., X. yine sp. nov.) and one of Machairocentron (M. amahuaca sp. nov.). The new species are most similar to species described from the Yungas of Argentina, and the Pacific dominion of Colombia and Venezuela. The association with species from the Pacific may suggest a species divergences prior to the major Andean uplift and the Amazon basin formation. The spine-like setae on the basal region of the inferior appendage of Xiphocentron were recognized as topologically homologous to the setal brushes on the ventral projection of Caenocentron. Furthermore, based on the morphology of male and female genitalia of Machairocentron, a mating position different from that described for Psychomyiidae is inferred.
Male cerci variability was used as the main source of information to separate taxonomic units in the genus Pseudochelidura. Based on these data it was considered that three species of Pseudochelidura coexisted in the Pyrenees: P. sinuata, P. minor and P. montuosa. However, our phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data (mitochondrial cytb and nuclear ITS2) do not support those conclusions. Combining these analyses with morphological studies we concluded that: 1) the Pyrenees are inhabited by a single evolutionary unit: P. sinuata (Germar, 1825) (= P. minor Steinmann, 1979 syn. nov., = P. montuosa Steinmann, 1981 syn. nov.). 2) Cantabrian and Pyrenean populations are reciprocally monophyletic and morphologically diagnosable representing two independent evolutionary units: Pseudochelidura cantabrica Cuesta-Segura, Jurado-Angulo & García-París sp. nov. and P. sinuata. And, 3) their conservation status needs to be evaluated in the light of current taxonomic changes. We have shown that the use of male cerci for species identification is problematic. Patterns of variation possibly affected by sexual selection (e.g., intrapopulational variability) appear to be very difficult to separate from variation driven by natural selection or genetic drift (i.e., character divergence in geographical isolation). The large sequence divergence observed between Pyrenean and Cantabrian populations of Pseudochelidura suggest a lasting genetic and geographic isolation between them, rendering difficult to ascertain their phylogenetic relationships.
Based on morphological and molecular evidence, two new species of Silene are recognized and described here, S. penduliflora F.Jafari, Keshavarzi & Doostm. sp. nov. and S. thyrsiantha F.Jafari, Mirtadz. & Keshavarzi sp. nov. The newly discovered species are distributed in the central and southeastern parts of Iran, growing in rocky habitats. Relationships among these species and their close relatives are demonstrated using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 phylogenies. Silene ghahremaninejadii, S. parrowiana, and S. shahrudensis form a clade with these new species. A key to S. penduliflora and S. thyrsiantha and their close relatives is provided.
Based on morphological and molecular evidence, two new species of Silene are recognized and described here, S. penduliflora F.Jafari, Keshavarzi & Doostm. sp. nov. and S. thyrsiantha F.Jafari, Mirtadz. & Keshavarzi sp. nov. The newly discovered species are distributed in the central and southeastern parts of Iran, growing in rocky habitats. Relationships among these species and their close relatives are demonstrated using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 phylogenies. Silene ghahremaninejadii, S. parrowiana, and S. shahrudensis form a clade with these new species. A key to S. penduliflora and S. thyrsiantha and their close relatives is provided.
Based on molecular and morphological data of four specimens of Pareas Wagler, 1830 collected from the type locality of P. yunnanensis (Vogt, 1922), along with examination of the type specimens of P. yunnanensis, we revalidate this poorly known, secretive species. Furthermore, based on molecular and morphological lines of evidence we also describe a new species of Pareas from Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Morphologically, the new species closely resembles its sister species P. nigriceps Guo & Deng, 2009. However, the new species is divergent from the latter in cytochrome b mtDNA gene sequences, and can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of morphological characteristics: single preocular, postocular fused with subocular, loreal not bordering orbit, vertebral scales enlarged, 3–5 rows of mid-dorsal scales keeled at the middle of the body, ventral scales 160–171; subcaudals 62–64, dorsal surface of head solid black or reddish-brown, dark nuchal band present, iris brownish-black or reddish-brown.
The genus Lacronia Strand, 1942 is herein revised, and a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters (30 taxa, 115 characters, 2962 scorings) is performed to test its monophyly. As a result, Lacronia is herein made monophyletic by means of the inclusion of Discocyrtus boraceae B. Soares, 1942, Discocyrtus niger Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Discocyrtus tenuis Roewer, 1917. Lacronia including those species is the sister group of Discocyrtus s. str. inside the DRMN-clade, and should be removed from Pachylinae Sørensen, 1884, although without a new subfamilial assignment for now. Four new junior subjective synonyms are detected for the first time (Discocyrtus rarus B. Soares, 1944 = Discocyrtus fazi Piza, 1942 = Discocyrtus niger Mello-Leitão, 1923; Discocyrtus infelix Mello-Leitão, 1940 = Discocyrtus nigrolineatus Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Discocyrtus tenuis Roewer, 1917). Accordingly, the following new combinations are proposed: Lacronia boraceae (B. Soares, 1942) comb. nov., Lacronia nigra (Mello-Leitão, 1923) comb. nov. and Lacronia tenuis (B. Soares, 1942) comb. nov. Lacronia is endemic to the Atlantic province of Brazil, with verified records from the states of Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo. As a geographic note, the record of ‘D. fazi’ for Chile is here discussed and considered incorrect.
The Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex, also known as the L. tegulare species group and the L. parvum species complex, is a very common, widespread, diverse, and recognisable lineage of sweat bees, containing 22 previously described species and several known undescribed species. The species were recently revised for the eastern Nearctic region and the Greater Antilles, but remain poorly known in the western Nearctic along with most other L. (Dialictus). These characteristics make it a prime candidate for revision in ongoing taxonomic work on the western Nearctic L. (Dialictus). Here we present the results of this revision, including 10 new species descriptions, one new synonymy, a preliminary phylogeny, and keys to known Nearctic species. Species of the eastern Nearctic and a few primarily Neotropical species which can occur in the Nearctic are also included. We report that the L. (D.) gemmatum species complex is likely a monophyletic group arising from the L. (D.) comulum group, but that the enlarged tegula has arisen independently in at least two other L. (Dialictus) lineages, and it contains multiple cases of allopatric speciation. The following species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) angelicum sp. nov., L. (D.) deludens sp. nov., L. (D.) diabolicum sp. nov., L. (D.) eremum sp. nov., L. (D.) gloriosum sp. nov., L. (D.) indagator sp. nov., L. (D.) holzenthali sp. nov., L. (D.) magnitegula sp. nov., L. (D.) profundum sp. nov., and L. (D.) rufodeludens sp. nov. Previously undescribed males of L. (D.) perparvum (Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) pseudotegulare (Cockerell, 1896) and the female of L. (D.) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924) are diagnosed and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hunteri (Crawford, 1932) is a new subjective junior synonym of L. (D.) ellisiae (Sandhouse, 1924). Pre-2022 specimen records of L. (D.) hunteri and L. (D.) tegulariforme (Crawford, 1907) are attributable to a heterogeneous mix of species, and records of L. (D.) perparvum are likely attributable to L. (D.) deludens.
Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 are described and illustrated from the Western Ghats of India. Axonchium indicum sp. nov. has a 1.2–1.4 mm long body, offset lip region, 8–9 µm long odontostyle, expanded part of pharynx 39–49 % of total neck length, anterior uterine sac 0.9–1.6 times the mid-body diameter long, and a bluntly conoid tail. Axonchium microspiculum sp. nov. has a 1.1–1.22 mm long body, offset lip region, 7–8 µm long odontostyle, 20–23 µm long spicules, two weakly developed ventromedian supplements, and obtusely rounded tail. Axonchium nilgiriense sp. nov. has a 1.4–1.6 mm long body, offset lip region, 8–9 µm long odontostyle, vagina strongly bent posteriad, 37–41 µm long spicules, 3–4 ventromedian supplements, and bluntly conoid tail. Axonchium paracingulatum sp. nov. has a 2.5–2.8 mm long body, offset lip region, 10–11 µm long odontostyle, vaginal lumen highly expanded in the middle, 69 µm long spicules, and broadly conoid tail with rounded terminus. Axonchium tropicum sp. nov. has a 1.7–2.0 mm long body, offset lip region, 11–12 µm long odontostyle, anterior uterine sac 2.3–4.0 times the mid-body diameter long, 40 µm long spicules, 4 widely spaced ventromedian supplements, and broadly rounded tail. Axonchium uniqum sp. nov. has a 1.7–2.0 mm long body, offset lip region, 10–11 µm long odontostyle, anterior uterine sac 2.5–2.8 times mid-body diameter long, 68 µm long and slender spicules, and broadly conoid tail. Axonchium nitidum, A. saccatum, A. transkeiense and A. vallum are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic key to the identification of the valid species of this genus is provided.
An updated list is given of 25 species of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) which have been intercepted on plants imported into South Korea during the period of 1996 to 2021. Information on the number of interceptions, host plants, distribution and origin of species intercepted at South Korean ports of entry is provided. In addition, data on intercepted species was analyzed to determine potential invasive species of soft scales that could threaten South Korean plants.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EB0B411-5611-4F24-B004-922E76F024DD
Onthophagus aeneopiceus d’Orbigny, 1902 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) is recorded for the first time for Yemen and for the Palaearctic region. An integration into the key to the Onthophagini from the Arabian Peninsula (Ziani et al. 2019), is provided.
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Thirteen new fossil eucnemid taxa (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) are described from amber deposits excavated from the vicinity of Santiago, Dominican Republic. Two new genera, Mioxylobius and Paleoquirsfeldia are described. The following 13 new species are described from Dominican amber: Mioxylobius bicolor, Balistica serrulata, Paleoquirsfeldia epicrana, Dyscharachthis dominicana, Idiotarsus poinari, Euryptychus antilliensis, Euryptychus hispaniolus, Plesiofornax caribica, Fornax dominicensis, Fornax serropalpoides, Dromaeolus argenteus, Nematodes miocenensis and Nematodes thoracicus. Each new species are both diagnosed and illustrated. Calyptocerus Guérin-Méneville and Lissantauga Poinar are shown to be congeneic, resulting in a new combination: Calyptocerus epicranis (Poinar, 2013). Summaries of fossil eucnemid discoveries, highlighting differing hypothesis of prehistoric Caribbean island formations/speciation, accounts of ancient Dominican Republic environmental conditions and Dominican Republic amber are provided.
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