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The genera Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 and Chrysidea Bischoff, 1910 from India are reviewed. A new species, Trichrysis poseidonia sp. nov. from India and Nepal is described. Trichrysis bengalensis (Mocsáry, 1889) is revalidated from the previous synonymy with T. lusca (Fabricius, 1804). Trichrysis inops (Gribodo, 1884) is recorded from India for the first time. The lectotype of Chrysis spectrum Wickwar, 1908 is designated. Chrysis mendicalis Cameron, 1897 is transferred from the genus Trichrysis to the genus Chrysidea. Keys and illustrations are provided for the identification of the eleven species of Trichrysis and the four species of Chrysidea so far known in the country, including a Sri Lankan species.
A new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae), Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov. from China is described based on two new species: Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov. (designated as type-species) and Biema qilianensis Huo & Liu gen. et sp. nov. The new genus can easily be distinguished by the following morphological features: head, mesonotum and scutellum black; postpronotum without pile; metasternum not reduced, posterior margin shallowly concave; katepisternum only with ventral pile patches; alula narrow, as wide as basal width of cell c; male postabdomen conspicuously more swollen than other segments, surstylus and postgonite complex, phallus unsegmented. The results of our Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis based on sequences of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, as well as the species delimitation tests, support the separation of Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov. from its related taxa. Additionally, an identification key to the genera of the tribes Bacchini and Melanostomini occurring in China is provided.
Puparia of a new whitefly, Aleuroparadoxus marisae García-Ochaeta and Dubey, new species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), collected on leaves of Brosimum alicastrum Sw. in Santa Ana, Petén, Guatemala, and on Pimenta dioica (L). Merr. in Calzada Mopán, Dolores, Petén are described and illustrated. Drawings of morphological structures and differential diagnosis of the puparium are provided, and differences from congeners are discussed. A key to puparia of the Aleuroparadoxus Quaintance and Baker species is included.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74D1DB72-53A1-4A1C-BFE2-73194DD25908
Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. is described as the ninth species of ‘Grylloblattodea’ from the middle Permian of the Salagou Formation, near Lodève town (France). It is currently not reasonable to place this species into a specific family, even though it seems to share most characters with the small family Tunguskapteridae. The lack of phylogenetic analysis and the current poor delineation of the majority of the grylloblattodean families (lacking synapomorphies) render any attribution of new taxa to a particular family often uncertain.
Elusive flaws are identified in techniques widely adopted to organize the Material Examined sections in taxonomic publications, mostly regarding the usage of the term ibidem and the nesting of information such as country and states. Logical errors are identified that prevent objective retrieval of the original information and can hinder or block its interpretation, even in case-by-case analyses. It is demonstrated that the free usage of ibidem in the sense of “same as previous except as follows” compromises the interpretation of data, characterizing bad practice. Solutions are proposed for the precise usage of both the term ibidem and the nesting technique. A new technique for organizing, compressing, and presenting information, called grid-setting, is described and evaluated. Its most notable practical effect is that the Material Examined section becomes literally a coded data sheet, which can be accurately converted back to spreadsheet format. In addition, the grid-setting technique was able to generate texts up to 30% shorter than those edited with the best-known traditional techniques. The new ideas and fixes are incorporated into a new software, flexible enough to process varied and unlimited data into largely user-defined texts, which remain nevertheless universal in their format and logical interpretation.
Metopiinae is a relatively large subfamily of Darwin wasps with a cosmopolitan distribution. Species of this subfamily can be distinguished by a convex, and mostly undivided face and clypeus. Among 113 species in 24 genera of the Oriental region, only 24 species in eight genera are reported from India. Here, we describe and illustrate a new genus, Soliga, based on collections made from the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas, two important biodiversity hotspots. The combination of absence of epicnemial carina on dorsolateral part of mesopleuron, absence of propodeal carinae and dorsal carinae of first metasomal tergite differentiates the new genus from other metopiine genera. An illustrated key to the Indo-Australian metopiine genera is provided along with comments on new generic placement and character variability of metopiines.
Gloydius is a widespread pitviper group occurring from Eastern Europe to Korea and Siberia, with only one known species, G. himalayanus (Günther, 1864), found south of the Himalayas. We provide combined genetic and morphological data for G. himalayanus from specimens collected from Himachal Pradesh, India. Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis were performed on four concatenated mitochondrial genes, along with a multi-locus coalescent analysis of these and five additional nuclear genes. Our results indicate that G. himalayanus from the Chamba Valley, in western Himachal Pradesh, are highly distinct from the remaining studied populations. Haplotype networks of each nuclear locus showed that G. himalayanus contains high haplotype diversity with low haplotype sharing between the Chamba Valley population and populations from further west. Principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis conducted on morphological data of live and museum specimens also highlight the morphological distinctiveness of the Chamba population and we herein describe this population as a new species, Gloydius chambensis sp. nov. Recent descriptions of other new species of snakes from this valley underscores its isolation and suggests that further herpetological investigation of the highly dissected landscapes of the western Himalayas is needed to assess the true diversity of the region.
During a recent investigation of ant-mimicking arthropods in Costa Rica, two new species of salticid spiders were discovered. Here, I provide descriptions of the two species, Myrmapana costaricaensis sp. nov. and Corcovetella galianoae sp. nov. The former species has two forms; the dark form resembles Neoponera ants, while the light form resembles Pseudomyrmex ants. Corcovetella galianoae resembles Camponotus ants.
This study presents the inventory of sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sampled during the Madibenthos Expedition in Martinique (West Indies). Species were discriminated leaning on morphological and molecular data. A total of 761 specimens are classified in 72 species, 16 genera and nine families. Thirteen new species are described: Ammothella dirbergi sp. nov., A. krappi sp. nov., Tanystylum boucheti sp. nov., T. ingrallis sp. nov., Ascorhynchus iguanarum sp. nov., Eurycyde kaiouti sp. nov., Nymphon dorlis sp. nov., N. ludovici sp. nov., N. martinicum sp. nov., N. timons sp. nov., Anoplodactylus madibenthos sp. nov., Pycnogonum cesairei sp. nov. and Rhynchothorax sidereus sp. nov. We describe a neotype for Anoplodactylus micros Bourdillon, 1955 from the type locality. Martinique now includes 79 species of sea spiders, mostly endemic to the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic, cosmopolitan or shared with the South America Atlantic coast. Some species are potentially introduced. However, our knowledge of the distribution of species found in Martinique is probably biased by the scarcity of diagnostic morphological characters. Also, nine potentially cryptic species (discriminated on genetic data alone), are identified, shedding light on the overlooked diversity of sea spiders in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Therefore, we call for a more widespread use of barcoding in sea spiders.
The genus Andromma Simon, 1893 is revised. The type species A. aethiopicum Simon, 1893 (♂♀) and the other three known species, A. anochetorum Simon, 1909 (♂), A. bouvieri Fage, 1936 (♀) and A. raffrayi Simon, 1899 (♂♀), are redescribed. The types of the subspecies A. raffrayi inhacorense Lessert, 1936 were not examined. This subspecies is considered a synonym of the nominal species. Nineteen new species are described and illustrated: A. albinovani sp. nov. (♂♀), A. alvoculatum sp. nov. (♀), A. anacardium sp. nov. (♀), A. cyamos sp. nov. (♀), A. cycnotrachelos sp. nov. (♂♀), A. delphiurum sp. nov. (♂♀), A. deogratias sp. nov. (♂♀), A. dicranobelos sp. nov. (♂), A. didrepanum sp. nov. (♂), A. divinagraciae sp. nov. (♂♀), A. elephantactes sp. nov. (♀), A. ghesquierei sp. nov. (♂♀), A. heligmos sp. nov. (♀), A. helix sp. nov. (♀), A. juakalyi sp. nov. (♂), A. katangensis sp. nov. (♀), A. ophiophagum sp. nov. (♀), A. prosopion sp. nov. (♀) and A. velum sp. nov. (♂♀). The distribution of the species and their apparent commensalism with termites are discussed.
This paper describes new or little known Amphipoda collected from Hydrozoa, Bryozoa, Porifera or kelp along the Chilean fjord region. The following species have been found and most of them were redescribed and illustrated: Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845); Caprella cf. equilibra Say, 1818; Haplocheira barbimana robusta K.H. Barnard, 1932; Epimeria (Metepimeria) acanthurus (Schellenberg, 1931); Labriphimedia vespuccii K.H. Barnard, 1931; Leucothoe kawesqari Esquete & Aldea, 2015; Podocerus cf. danae (Stebbing, 1888); Ligulodactylus macrocheir (Schellenberg, 1926) and Torometopa cf. crassicornis (Schellenberg, 1931). One species in this contribution is new to science: Liouvillea rocagloria sp. nov.
Juga is a genus of freshwater snails distributed from northern Washington to central California. The taxonomy and classification of the genus has a long and complex history, driven mainly by the features of their highly variable shells. The number of recognized species has fluctuated from ~9 to 11; however, it has been claimed that the actual diversity may be three times that number. We here present a systematic revision using a recently published molecular phylogeny as a framework, which supported the interpretation that there are only nine valid species. Comprehensive review of type material and original descriptions for all available species-group names indicates that almost all species previously considered valid were para- or polyphyletic grades of organization in shell morphology. Most species previously suggested to be putatively new were confirmed to be morphological variants of species already described. Species accounts include complete synonymies and partial chresonymies; the shells and radulae are illustrated and described. Lectotypes are designated for Melania plicifera Lea, 1838, M. silicula Gould, 1847, and M. rudens Reeve, 1860. Three species, Juga caerulea sp. nov., J. canella sp. nov., and J. douglasi sp. nov., are described as new and one species is excluded from the genus. The subgenera Calibasis D.W. Taylor, 1966 and Idabasis D.W. Taylor, 1966 are synonymized with Juga.
Using an integrative approach (morphology of the adult and larvae, bioacoustics, osteology, karyotype, and molecular data), we described a new tetraploid species of Odontophrynus to the Mantiqueira mountain range, in southeastern Brazil. The data suggest that Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov., O. juquinha and Odontophrynus sp. (aff. juquinha) comprise a clade with specimens distributed along three distinct mountain ranges in Brazil: Mantiqueira (O. toledoi sp. nov.) and Espinhaço (O. juquinha) mountains, both in southeastern Brazil, and Diamantina Plateau (O. aff. juquinha), in northeastern Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar and closely related to O. juquinha, but is distinguished in morphology (both adult and larval), karyotype (O. toledoi sp. nov. is tetraploid and O. juquinha is diploid), and corroborated by phylogenetic inferences. We also show that these species do not exchange haplotypes in the 16s gene. Furthermore, although the raw acoustic parameters of Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. and O. juquinha overlap at the limits of their ranges, we found a clear difference in the acoustic space structure.
Bureschia serbica sp. nov., is described from a cave in the Stara Planina Mt in Serbia as a second species in the genus. It is a troglobite amphibious species, predominantly aquatic like the nominal species of the genus, Bureschia bulgarica. The new species is adapted to amphibious life in running groundwater, unlike the nominal one that lives in subterranean lakes and ponds. Body structure changes, most noticeable the significant changes in the structure of the mouthparts, as a result of preadaptation in aquatic and amphibious Synocheta, are discussed.
New state records for 32 species of Mexican Cleridae (Coleoptera) are presented. In addition, 10 species of Cleridae are reported for Mexico for the first time (new country records). Cymatodera bezarki new species and Enoclerus sepultura new species are described from Chiapas, Mexico. Enoclerus primulus new species is described from Chiapas, Mexico and El Salvador.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BEE09D66-3206-429C-B878-34DF1005043D
The firefly species described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 and 1767 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) were checked to determine the actual dates of publication. Nine out of twelve species were originally described in 1758 and not in 1767 as published in the majority of firefly literature. Lampyris hespera Linnaeus, 1767 as a junior synonym of Aspisoma lampyris (Linnaeus, 1758) is established.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C04B88B3-DDBF-4878-B43E-71642AFC8AAA
New taxonomic data on some species of Atherigona Rondani are provided. This is partly based on recently discovered types of A. laevigata (Loew), A. maculipennis Stein, A. magnipalpis Stein, A. nigrithorax Stein and A. subnigripes (Karsch), and partly on new material that has become available. Among this new material is a new species here described: Atherigona zongoi sp. nov. The newly discovered types of Atherigona nigrithorax Stein and A. subnigripes (Karsch) are redescribed. The status of a specimen of Coenosia humeralis found among material in the Smithsonian Institution and incorrectly labelled as the type of Atherigona humeralis is clarified. The puparium of A. varia (Meigen) is partially described for the first time. New records are given for several species and distribution is updated.
Two novel species of Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales), namely Russula indosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. and R. pseudosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. belonging to sect. Ingratae subg. Heterophyllidiae are proposed herein based on their morphological features and nrITS-based phylogenetic inferences. Both species belong to the Asian ʻR. punctipes-senecisʼ complex of sect. Ingratae. The acrid R. indosenecis was collected from subalpine forests associated with Abies densa, whereas the mild R. pseudosenecis associates with tropical forests dominated by Shorea robusta. Both species are distinct from the other species of this species complex in nrITS sequence data and from all other known species in subg. Heterophyllidiae in the strong amyloidity of their suprahilar spot.
The description in 1891 of the sea pen genus Gyrophyllum Studer, 1891 and also the type species G. hirondellei Studer, 1891 was based on a single colony collected in the Azores Archipelago. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the family placement of this genus became controversial as the set of morphological features present in Gyrophyllum could justify its assignation to both the families Pennatulidae Ehrenberg, 1834 and Pteroeididae Kölliker, 1880. Deliberations over this intermediate set of characters finally ended in the reunification of the genera and species of both families under Pennatulidae by principle of priority. The use of molecular sources of information based on a series of sequencing techniques presents a different but promising phylogenetic scenario in order to go further in the understanding of pennatulacean systematics. In this paper, a complementary morphological and molecular study (multiloci sequences with three mitochondrial and one nuclear markers) based mainly on newly collected material is carried out. This study re-confirms from a molecular point of view previously published results that indicate the position of Gyrophyllum as being distant from Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758 and Pteroeides Herklots, 1858 (type genera of the families Pennatulidae and Pteroeididae, respectively). This fact together with the results of a detailed morphological examination strongly supports the placement of the enigmatic genus Gyrophyllum in a separate family: Gyrophyllidae fam. nov. and resolves the nomenclatural uncertainty at family level for this genus. Moreover, the characters previously considered useful in the distinction of the two currently recognised species G. hirondellei in the Atlantic and G. sibogae Hickson, 1916 in the Indo-western Pacific are revisited.
The hypnorum-complex of bumblebees (in the genus Bombus Latreille, 1802) has been interpreted as consisting of a single widespread Old-World species, Bombus hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) s. lat., and its closely similar sister species in the New World, B. perplexus Cresson, 1863. We examined barcodes for evidence of species’ gene coalescents within this species complex, using the closely related vagans-group to help calibrate Poisson-tree-process models to a level of branching appropriate for discovering species. The results support seven candidate species within the hypnorum-complex (Bombus taiwanensis Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu, 2022, B. wolongensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov., B. bryorum Richards, 1930, B. hypnorum, B. koropokkrus Sakagami & Ishikawa, 1972, and B. hengduanensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov., plus B. perplexus), which are comparable in status to the currently accepted species of the vagans-group. Morphological corroboration of the coalescent candidate species is subtle but supports the gene coalescents if these candidates are considered near-cryptic species.
A new genus and new species of potamid crab, Gurumon gurumayum gen. et sp. nov., are described from the Arunachal Pradesh State of northeastern India. Gurumon gen. nov. has affinities with Abormon Mitra, Pati & Ng, 2021, Pararanguna Dai & Chen, 1985, and some species of Potamiscus Alcock, 1909, but the new genus can easily be differentiated from them mainly by its low external orbital angle, the relatively stouter exopod of the third maxilliped, and the relatively broader male pleonal somite 6. Their male first gonopods are also different from each other. Counting Gurumon gurumayum gen. et sp. nov., India is currently known for ten genera and 24 species of potamiscine freshwater crabs, and Arunachal Pradesh for eight genera and 11 species of these crabs. The current nomenclatural problems with Potamiscus are also discussed.
Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from China are described, Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov., and Zaischnopsis zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov. All the new species are described and illustrated based on females, and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences are provided for the six new species as well as for the previously described Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang. Females of all the species of Zaischnopsis recorded from China are differentiated in a key.
The genus Pareucamptonyx Olmi, 1991 is endemic to the New World and comprises three described species, two from the Neotropical region and one from the Nearctic. Here is presented the first revision of species of Pareucamptonyx from the Neotropical region, including four new species described from Brazil: P. albopictus Martins sp. nov., P. kumagaiae Martins sp. nov., P. niger Martins sp. nov. and P. paranaensis Martins sp. nov. Detailed illustrations, distribution map, and key to females are provided, as well as a revised diagnosis of the genus and notes about the method of collection. Additionally, new distribution records for P. townesi (Olmi, 1984) are reported.
Four new species of the braconid wasp genus Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Doryctinae Foerster, 1863) are described for the Neotropical region in south and southwestern Brazil: H. acutus sp. nov., H. chrisaxeli sp. nov., H. gavinbroadi sp. nov., and H. transversalis sp. nov. We also report the morphological variation of females and males of H. mexicanus Zaldívar-Riverón & Belokobylskij, 2009, originally described based on a single female, and provide its first precise geographical distribution records. An updated key to the 13 described species of Hecabolus is provided.
First host record, prey transport, and burrow excavation are described for Hesperopompilus sp., an undescribed, rare spider wasp (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Texas. Taxonomic, ecological, and behavioral examination of the genus subsequently led to an investigation of the previously related Perissopompilus Evans and Xerochares Evans. Taxonomic, host preference, nesting behavior, and phylogenomic relationships of the three taxa are discussed along with those of Xenopompilus Evans. The molecular connection of Perissopompilus and Allochares Banks is supported by their common use of host species of Filistatidae.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6718DF86-A516-4ED0-98DB-6D8C7846F5F5
Host records and nesting behavior of the Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Calopompilus Ashmead and Priocnemissus Haupt (Pepsinae: Pepsini) and Aporus Spinola and Psorthaspis Banks (Pompilinae: Aporini) are reviewed, investigated, compared, and discussed. First time incidental trapdoor spider host records for Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) minorata Banks (Pepsinae: Pepsini), Anoplius (Lophopompilus) carolina (Banks) (Pompilinae: Pompilini), and Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson (Notocyphinae: Notocyphini) are included, although they are not typical trapdoor spiderhunting spider wasp species. The Palearctic Aporus (Aporus) unicolor Spinola, A. (Aporus) bicolor Spinola and A. (Aporus) planiceps (Latreille) are referenced for comparison with Nearctic Aporus sensu stricto. Early 20th century papers on species of Aporus and Psorthaspis are revived. New information on nesting behavior of Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps is described and first host trapdoor spider records for Psorthaspis formosa (Smith), P. legata (Cresson) and P. mariae (Cresson) are documented. Potential Pompilidae species in the genera Calopompilus and Aporus are suggested for host trapdoor spider remains found in burrows with spider wasp eggs, larvae and cocoons (pupae) based on geographic distribution, habitat, spider species, trapdoor and burrow structure, wasp cocoon size, and wasp congeneric host records.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A431FD0A-FD44-404B-ADAA-8AFFABB8AF10
The subfamily Carventinae (Heteroptera: Aradidae) is revised for New Zealand. Eight genera and fifteen species are recognized. One genus and six species are described as new: Carventaptera hallae Larivière and Larochelle new species, Lissaptera heissi Larivière and Larochelle new species, Modicarventus kirmani Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus montanus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus northlandicus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus potterae Larivière and Larochelle new species, Tuataraptera Larivière and Larochelle new genus. One new combination is established: Neocarventus uncus Kirman, 1989 = Tuataraptera unca (Kirman, 1989). One new synonymy is made: Leuraptera yakasi Heiss, 1990 = Leuraptera zealandica Usinger and Matsuda, 1959. A revision of al taxa is provided. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations of male genitalia, habitus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Extensive information on biology is included for each species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CAF794A0-89C7-498F-84D0-940FDDB648F3
Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region
(2022)
In the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) is the least species-rich tribe of Trechinae. Nevertheless, the taxon is relatively poorly studied in this territory, and the available records are mostly published in old and/or faunistic works. The present study provides a taxonomic revision of the 3 genera and 11 species of Pogonini occurring in the Ibero-Balearic region, with an identification key, diagnoses and illustrations of their external morphology and aedeagus. The chorology of the species was also studied, and was assessed by obtaining precise records from published papers and the collection localities of the examined material. These data were used to make updated distribution maps (with several new occurrence points) that reveal a strong regionalization of the tribe in the Ibero-Balearic territory. The species occur in humid and saline environments, especially along the meridional and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and in inner arid localities of eastern Spain. This result agrees with the widely accepted halobiont condition of the group. However, sampling bias must be considered, and new records are expected to be provided from future revisions of collections and new samplings.
A new polynoid, Webbnesia maculata gen. et sp. nov., was discovered during benthic surveys conducted around the Canary Islands. Its generic characters (absence of cephalic peaks, ventrally inserted lateral antennae, reduced notopodium and chaetae all stout) place it close to Antinoe Kinberg, 1856, Hermadion Kinberg, 1856 and Malmgrenia McIntosh, 1874, but the combination is unique and justifies the erection of a new genus. The new genus and species are described, figured and discussed in detail. An updated list of taxa and an identification key to all genera of Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856 sensu lato currently reported from the extended Northeast Atlantic are given.
The genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 are revised based on the examination of types and additional materials. Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 is synonymized with Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 with Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980. The tribal placement of Pseudotraulia is discussed and the genus Pseudotraulia is transferred here from the tribe Mesambriini of the subfamily Catantopinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 to the subfamily Coptacrinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 which is not divided into tribes and consists of 22 genera distributed in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions.
We provide the first distribution pattern of the Microhyla heymonsi group based on available molecular and morphological data collected from East and Southeast Asia. Our analyses show a high level of genetic diversity in the M. heymonsi group with nine distinct lineages from China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, as well as Singapore, and Indonesia. The study also reveals the discovery of two new species in Vietnam, Microhyla hmongorum sp. nov. from Lai Chau Province and Microhyla xodangorum sp. nov. from Kon Tum Province. When comparing the 12S–16S rRNA gene, the genetic divergence between Microhyla xodangorum and other congeners of the Microhyla heymonsi group ranges from 7.5-- to 8.9% (M. cf. heymonsi) and approximately 8.4% between the new species and M. heymonsi s. str. from Taiwan, China. The genetic divergence between Microhyla hmongorum and its congeners ranges from 4.5–5.6% (M. cf. heymonsi) to 8.7% (Microhyla xodangorum). These new findings bring the total number of known species in the genus Microhyla to 48 and the recorded species of Microhyla from Vietnam to 14.
The taxonomy of ribbon worms (Nemertea) is particularly challenging due to the sparsity of distinct morphological characters, causing a significant underestimation of the group’s true diversity. The number of named deep-sea species is very limited and there is a vast number of undescribed deep-sea nemerteans still to be discovered. In this paper we figuratively ‘cut the ribbon’ and name seven new species of monostiliferous hoplonemerteans from seeps and seamounts along the Costa Rican margin, one from seeps along the Oregon margin, and one from vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, USA. The species Chernyshevia escarpiaphila gen. et sp. nov. and five species of the genus Alvinonemertes gen. nov. (Alvinonemertes dariae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes dagmarae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes christianeae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes claudiae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes tatjanae gen. et sp. nov.) represent Oerstediina, whereas the three species Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., and Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov. represent Amphiporina. One species of tubulanid palaeonemerteans is described but not provided with a species name due to lacking sequence data for comparison. Additionally, we provide sequence data for one lineid heteronemertean, one reptant hoplonemertean, and two further eumonostiliferan hoplonemertean species. We use an integrative, turbotaxonomic approach combining DNA sequence data with concise morphological descriptions and fully digitized serial histological sections made available as cybertypes.
We describe two new species of Ctenocerinae (Pompilidae) from Asia, i.e., Ctenocerus srilankae Shimizu sp. nov. from Sri Lanka and Paraclavelia arabiae Shimizu sp. nov. from Oman. These represent the first records of Ctenocerus Dahlbom, 1845 and Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930 in Asia. Two new combinations and a new synonymy are proposed: Ctenocerus fasciatus (Smith, 1851) (= Micropteryx fasciata Smith, 1851); Paraclavelia decipiens (Arnold, 1932) (= Clavelia decipiens Arnold, 1932); and Ctenocerus Dahlbom, 1845 (= Euclavelia Arnold, 1932). We discuss the difficulty of systematics of Ctenocerinae at generic level. The head and pronotal structures of Ctenocerus and Paraclavelia are presumably specialized for preying on trapdoor spiders. These structures are considered to have evolved independently of other unrelated parasitoid Pompilidae that have been confirmed or proposed to prey on trapdoor spiders. We also discuss the biogeographical distribution of these genera.
Iran is a huge but understudied Middle Eastern country with a rich but chronically understudied bee fauna, including for the highly-speciose bee genus Andrena. Examination of unidentified museum material combined with recent field collections and a critical review of the literature has revealed a total of 197 species of Andrena in the Iranian fauna, of which 65 are newly reported for the country, with an additional 16 species new for science. Andrena (Aciandrena) deminuta Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) boustaniae Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) oblata sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) sani sp. nov., Andrena (Micrandrena) elam Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Micrandrena) subviridula Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Notandrena) idigna Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Planiandrena) flagrans Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Planiandrena) sella Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Ulandrena) bulbosa Wood sp. nov., Andrena (incertae sedis) hosseiniiae Wood & Monfared sp. nov., and Andrena (incertae sedis) rostamiae sp. nov. are described from Iran, Andrena (Micrandrena) extenuata sp. nov. is described from Iran and Syria, Andrena (Micrandrena) tabula Wood sp. nov. and Andrena (Micrandrena) obsidiana Wood sp. nov. are described from Iran and Turkey, and Andrena (Planiandrena) huma sp. nov. is described from Iran, Syria, and the Golan Heights. Eight taxa are synonymised (valid name first): Andrena (Melandrena) assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 = Andrena (Melandrena) gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883 syn. nov.; Andrena (Notandrena) emesiana Pérez, 1911 stat. resurr. = Andrena (Notandrena) recurvirostra Warncke, 1975 syn. nov.; Andrena (Plastandrena) eversmanni Radoszkowski, 1867 = Andrena (Plastandrena) peshinica Nurse, 1904 syn. nov.; Andrena (incertae sedis) hieroglyphica Morawitz, 1876 = Andrena (Carandrena) cara Nurse, 1904 syn. nov. and Andrena (Carandrena) halictoides Nurse, 1904 syn. nov.; Andrena (Melandrena) induta Morawitz, 1894 = Andrena (Melandrena) patella Nurse, 1903 syn. nov.; Andrena (incertae sedis) minor Warncke, 1975 stat. nov. = Andrena (Carandrena) splendula Osytshnjuk, 1984 syn. nov.; Andrena (Notandrena) zostera Warncke, 1975 = Andrena (Carandrena) subsmaragdina Osytshnjuk, 1984 syn. nov. Overall, these results considerably improve our understanding of the Iranian Andrena fauna, and suggest that overall bee diversity in this country is substantially more than 1000 species.
Three new species of the family Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri, 1896 from the Udzungwa Mountains are described: Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov., and Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov. Several additional, unidentifiable pyrgodesmids from the Udzungwa Mountains are recorded. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 (Cryptodesmidae Karsch, 1880), is recorded from the East Usambara (type locality), West Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru (Kanga) and Udzungwa Mountains, and its variation in size and body ring numbers is analyzed. The surface sculpture of pro- and metazonites is discussed.
Examination of Coccinellidae material recently collected from Napo Province in Ecuador revealed 38 species of ladybird beetles, of which six are new: Chnoodes yanayacu sp. nov., Cyrea mcclarini sp. nov., Eupalea borowieci sp. nov., Exoplectra misahualli sp. nov., Hyperaspis rutai sp. nov., Toxotoma gonzalezi sp. nov. Seven species are recorded for the first time from Ecuador: Cyrea noticollis (Mulsant, 1850), Eupalea formosa Mulsant, 1850, Epilachna transverselineata (Mader, 1858), Psyllobora marshalli Crotch, 1874, Toxotoma fuscopilosa (Weise, 1902), Toxotoma taeniola (Gordon, 1975), Zenoria linteolata Mulsant, 1850. For three species: Epilachna obtusiforma Gordon, 1975, Hinda ecuadorica Gordon & Canepari, 2013 and Siola atra González, 2015, supplementary notes on the original descriptions are provided. New name combinations are proposed for six species, which are transferred to the genus Toxotoma Weise, 1900: Toxotoma aequatorialis (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma chigata (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma flavocirculus (González, 2015), Toxotoma fuscopilosa, Toxotoma hybridula (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma taeniola. The occurrence of Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777) in Ecuador is also confirmed.
Based on morphological and molecular data we investigated the species boundaries in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860. The species delimitation with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) data supports some synonymies and highlights the existence of a high phenotypic plasticity in some species. The following species are considered as new junior synonyms: O. virescens (Chevrolat, 1860) syn. nov. of O. brevicornis (Chevrolat, 1860), O. octomaculata Chemsak & Noguera 2001 syn. nov. of Ochraethes cinereolus (Bates, 1892) comb. nov., O. zebratus Bates, 1885 syn. nov. of O. obliquus (Chevrolat, 1860), Trichoxys giesberti Botero, Santos-Silva & Wappes, 2019 syn. nov. of O. sommeri (Chevrolat, 1835), O. clerinus (Bates, 1892) of O. viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860), O. cristoforii (Chevrolat, 1860) syn. nov. and O. litura Bates, 1885 syn. nov. of O. z-littera (Chevrolat, 1860). Two new species are described from Mexico: Ochraethes confusus sp. nov., and Ochraethes nigroapicalis sp. nov.
Limited data are available for the kinorhynch fauna from the Southern Hemisphere, with little or no data from New Zealand. Here, we provide a first comprehensive overview of the diversity of mud dragons, with an emphasis on species of Echinoderes from the continental slope of New Zealand, from a variety of habitats such as slopes, canyons and seamounts located in the Hikurangi Margin region. The study revealed fifteen species of Echinoderes. Of these, ten are described as new to science: E. aragorni sp. nov., E. blazeji sp. nov., E. dalzottoi sp. nov., E. frodoi sp. nov., E. galadrielae sp. nov., E. gandalfi sp. nov., E. landersi sp. nov., E. leduci sp. nov., E. legolasi sp. nov. and E. samwisei sp. nov. Moreover, Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. balerioni, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. galadrielae/beringiensis, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. lupherorum and Echinoderes sp. aff. E. unispinosus are reported in the investigated region. The most abundant among all was E. gandalfi sp. nov., but it was found only in canyons. Interestingly, the second most common species was E. juliae that was found at several stations in canyons, seamount and on the slope. This species is one of the deep-sea species originally found on the abyssal plain off Oregon and along the continental rise off California, Northeast Pacific, recorded in polymetallic nodules in the tropical eastern Pacific, and recently found on the abyssal plains off Chile, east of the Atacama Trench. These findings, together with records of Echinoderes sp. aff. E. lupherorum and Echinoderes sp. aff. E. unispinosus indicate that, despite their low dispersal abilities, kinorhynchs, similar to other meiofaunal species, may exhibit a wider distribution pattern than previously assumed. The number of recorded species and numerous new species show that New Zealand sediments not only are inhabited by a diverse kinorhynch fauna, but Echinoderes, the most speciose genus, still holds much to discover.
An annotated list, including information on type species, distribution, and number of species, is provided for all of the non-flea-beetle galerucine genera known to occur in the New World (tribes Galerucini, Metacyclini, and Luperini). A diagnostic key to the genera is provided. Habitus illustrations are provided for most genera. The following new genera are proposed: Amplioluperus gen. nov., Cornuventer gen. nov., Geethaluperus gen. nov., Megarhabda gen. nov., Mexiluperus gen. nov., Monoaster gen. nov., Pyesexora gen. nov., Texiluperus gen. nov., Trachyelytron gen. nov. and Yingabruxia gen. nov. The following new taxonomic placements are proposed: Microbrotica Jacoby, 1887 is transferred from the tribe Metacyclini to the section Diabroticites Chapuis, 1875 (tribe Luperini, subtribe Diabroticina Chapuis, 1875); Pteleon Jacoby, 1888 is transferred from the section Exosomites Wilcox, 1973 (tribe Luperini, subtribe Luperina Gistel, 1848) to the section Scelidites Chapuis, 1875 (subtribe Luperina). The following new combinations are proposed: Luperodes histrio Horn, 1895, Luperus maculicollis LeConte, 1884, and Scelolyperus cyanellus Horn, 1895 are transferred from Pseudoluperus Beller & Hatch, 1932 to Amplioluperus; Luperodes tuberculatus Blake, 1942 is transferred from Pseudoluperus to Cornuventer; Luperus flavofemoratus Jacoby, 1888 is transferred from Pseudoluperus to Geethaluperus; Trirhabda obscurovittata Jacoby, 1886 is transferred from Trirhabda LeConte, 1865 to Megarhabda; Cneorane nigripes Allard, 1889 is transferred from Scelida Chapuis, 1875 to Metacycla Baly, 1861; Luperodes wickhami Horn, 1893 and Luperus dissimilis Jacoby, 1888 are transferred from Pseudoluperus to Mexiluperus; Scelolyperus tenuimarginatus Bowditch, 1925, is transferred from Scelida to Mimastra Baly, 1865 and is synonymized with Mimastra semimarginata Jacoby, 1886 syn. nov.; Pseudoluperus fulgidus Wilcox, 1965 and Pseudoluperus linus Wilcox, 1965 are transferred from Pseudoluperus to Monoaster; Crioceris detrita detrita Fabricius, 1801, Malacosoma detrita laevicollis Jacoby, 1887, Pyesia detrita meridionalis Bechyné, 1958, Pyesia elytropleuralis elytropleuralis Bechyné, 1958, and Pyesia elytropleuralis subalutacea Bechyné, 1958 are transferred from Pyesia Clark, 1865 to Pyesexora; Luperodes spretus Horn, 1893 and Luperodes texanus Horn, 1893 are transferred from Pseudoluperus to Texiluperus; Chthoneis smaragdipennis Jacoby, 1888 is transferred from Platymorpha Jacoby, 1888 to Trachyelytron; Luperus albomarginatus Jacoby, 1888 is transferred from Pseudoluperus to Trichobrotica Bechyné, 1956; and Galleruca sordida LeConte, 1858, Monoxia apicalis Blake, 1939, Monoxia batisia Blatchley, 1917, and Monoxia brisleyi Blake, 1939 are transferred from Monoxia LeConte, 1865 to Yingabruxia; all comb. nov. Pseudoluperus decipiens (Horn, 1893), originally described in Scelolyperus Crotch, 1874, is reduced to a junior synonym of Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857), syn. nov. Trachyscelida dichroma Viswajyothi & Clark is proposed as a nom. nov. for Racenisa bicolor Bechyné, 1958 (not Agelastica bicolor LeConte, 1884), as both species are currently placed in the genus Trachyscelida Horn, 1893.
The genera Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912 and Neaneflus Linsley, 1957 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are revised for the species occurring in the United States. Examination of all primary types has necessitated redefinition of several species that were defined originally and subsequently on erroneous character descriptions. Two new species of Aneflomorpha are described from Arizona: Aneflomorpha crypta Lingafelter, new species and A. paralinearis Lingafelter new species. One subspecies, Aneflomorpha rectilinea yumae Giesbert and Hovore, 1976 is elevated to species, new status. Six species are synonymized: Aneflomorpha citrana Chemsak, 1960 is a new synonym of A. rectilinea Casey, 1924; Aneflomorpha parowana Casey, 1924 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha linearis (LeConte 1859), along with its synonyms A. testacea Casey, 1924, A. elongata Linsley, 1936, and A. californica Linsley, 1936; Aneflomorpha arizonica Linsley, 1936 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha unispinosa Casey, 1912; Aneflomorpha parkeri Knull, 1934 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha gilana Casey, 1924; Aneflomorpha texana Linsley 1936 is removed from synonymy with A. seminuda Casey, 1912 and found to be conspecific with A. werneri Chemsak, 1962, new synonym. Aneflomorpha opacicornis Linsley, 1957 is transferred to Neaneflus as N. opacicornis (Linsley), new combination, and Neaneflus brevispinus Chemsak, 1962 is a new synonym. With this revision, there are eighteen species of Aneflomorpha and two species of Neaneflus recognized for the United States. All species are presented with new diagnoses, illustrated characters, updated distributional and host information, and an illustrated identification key.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08BF4EE0-E69C-4E09-BECA-26481D49BFDE
The approximate type locality of Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) is fixed in the mountains of southeastern Mexico. Chrysina occidentalis Robacker and Hawks is described as a new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico based on morphometric comparisons of adults and genital capsules with those of C. adelaida from southeastern Mexico and with those of C. adelaida (of authors) from neighboring states south of the Sierra Madre Occidental.
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New taxa in Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are traditionally proposed after inspection of male genitalia, which largely form the basis for Hesperiidae taxonomy. However, with genomic DNA sequencing, even a single female specimen can be placed in a phylogenetic context of existing classification and taxonomically assigned with confidence. Genomic sequencing of an unusually patterned Hesperiidae female from San Martin, Peru, characterized by pearly spots outlining an inverted heart pattern on the rust-colored ventral hindwing, reveals that it represents an undescribed genus and species named here as Gemmia buechei Brockmann and Grishin, new genus and new species.
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Megapsyrassa Linsley, 1961 is synonymized with Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Aneflomorpha martini Chemsak and Linsley, 1968 is synonymized with Psyrassa sinaloae Linsley, 1935, and the species is transferred to Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912, new combination. Morphological and chromatic variations in Psyrassa cylindricollis Linsley, 1935 are reported, and a new state record is provided. New records are provided for the following species: Psyrassa atkinsoni (Chemsak and Giesbert, 1986) new combination; P. ebenina Linsley, 1935; and P. nigripes Linsley, 1935. Lastly, four new species of Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 are described: Psyrassa wappesi García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Michoacán); P. sonorensis García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Sonora); P. obscuriventris García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Jalisco); and P. ocularis García and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala (Zacapa).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:194F7545-EF7C-44B7-9783-286A8BDEB1EC
Since 2004, three specimens of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) semicaeruleum (Cockerell, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) have been collected in Maryland. Other than three specimens from Wisconsin, there are no additional records of this western United States species known east of the Mississippi River. I document the three Maryland records and offer possible scenarios of how the specimens could have arrived in Maryland.
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This paper presents a taxonomic review of the genus Boreocanthon Halffter, restored generic status, a group of ball-rolling (telocoprid) dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) endemic to North America. The genus, heretofore treated as a subgenus of Canthon, comprises 13 species, each keyed, diagnosed, illustrated and presented with information on distribution, relationships, and biology (*signifies restored generic combination): *Boreocanthon ateuchiceps (Bates, 1887); B. coahuilensis (Howden, 1966); *B. depressipennis (LeConte, 1859c); *B. ebenus (Say, 1823); *B. forreri (Bates, 1887); *B. integricollis (Schaeffer, 1915); *B. lecontei (Harold, 1868); *B. melanus (Robinson, 1948); *B. praticola (LeConte, 1868); *B. probus (Germar, 1823); *B. puncticollis (LeConte, 1866); *B. simplex (LeConte, 1857); as well as Boreocanthon halffteri Edmonds here described as a new species. Other actions taken are a) Canthon mixtus Robinson declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon puncticollis; b) Canthon bisignatus Balthasar, 1939, declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon simplex; c) Boreocanthon coahuilensis (Howden) new generic combination; and d) neotype designated for the type species of the genus Boreocanthon, Ateuchus ebenus Say, 1823, here Boreocanthon ebenus (Say).
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This paper contains the results of research on a large assemblage of jumping spiders collected by J.-C. Ledoux from Ivory Coast in 1974–75. In total, 105 species are included. Three new genera are erected Pulcherula gen. nov., Sphericula gen. nov. and Vicirionessa gen. nov. Two generic names are synonymized, Polemus Simon, 1902 with Baryphas Simon, 1902 and Brancus Simon, 1902 with Thyene Simon, 1885. Twenty eight new species are described: Afraflacilla albopunctata sp. nov. (♀), Ansienulina lamottei sp. nov. (♂), Asemonaea pusilla sp. nov. (♀), Detalik cavally sp. nov. (♀), Evarcha zougoussi sp. nov. (♀), Heliophanus (Heliophanus) minimus sp. nov. (♂♀), Hyllus ignotus sp. nov. (♀), Hyllus solus sp. nov. (♀), Hyllus unicolor sp. nov. (♀), Icius bandama sp. nov. (♂♀), Langona recta sp. nov. (♂), Malizna zabkai sp. nov. (♀), Menemerus niangbo sp. nov. (♀), Myrmarachne galea sp. nov. (♀), Phintella brevis sp. nov. (♂), Phintella globosa sp. nov. (♀), Phintella occidentalis sp. nov. (♂), Phintella transversa sp. nov. (♂), Pochytoides mirabilis sp. nov. (♂♀), Pochytoides tonkoui sp. nov. (♀), Pochytoides tournieri sp. nov. (♂), Pulcherula magna gen. et sp. nov. (♂), Rhene ferkensis sp. nov. (♀), Sonoita ledouxi sp. nov. (♂♀), Sphericula globulifera gen. et sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus silvestris sp. nov. (♂♀), Tusitala bandama sp. nov. (♀) and Tusitala cornuta sp. nov. (♂). Five specific names are synonymized: Polemus chrysochirus Simon, 1902 with Baryphas jullieni Simon, 1902, Viciria mondoni Berland & Millot, 1941with Malloneta guineensis Simon, 1902, Brancus lacrimosus Wesołowska & Edwards 2008 with Vicirionessa fuscimana (Simon, 1903), Viciria monodi Berland & Millot, 1941 and Viciria equestris pallida Berland & Millot, 1941 with Vicirionessa equestris (Simon, 1903). Hyllus natali peckhamorum Berland & Millot, 1941 is removed from synonymy of Hyllus brevitarsis Simon, 1902, revalidated and its rank is raised as Hyllus peckhamorum Berland & Millot, 1941 stat. nov. Also rank of Telamonia aequipes minor Lessert, 1925 is elevated as Phintella minor (Lessert, 1925) stat. nov. Menemerus dubius Berland & Millot, 1941 is removed from nomina dubia. This species is considered valid and is redescribed. A lectotype is designated for it. The male of Mexcala torquata Wesołowska, 2009 and females of Hyllus tuberculatus Wanless & Clark, 1975, Iranattus principalis (Wesołowska, 2000), Myrmarachne eidmanni Roewer, 1942 and Thiratoscirtus tentativus (Szűts & Jocqué, 2001) are described for the first time. Many new combinations are proposed. Twenty ex Brancus are recombined: Hyllus nigeriensis (Wesołowska & Edwards, 2012) comb. nov., Thyene blaisei (Simon, 1902) comb. nov., Thyene calebi (Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018) comb. nov., Thyene mutica (Simon, 1902) comb. nov., Thyene verdieri (Berland & Millot, 1941) comb. nov., Vicirionessa besanconi (Berland & Millot, 1941) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa fuscimana (Simon, 1903) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa mustela (Simon, 1902) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa niveimana (Simon, 1902) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa occidentalis (Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa peckhamorum (Lessert, 1927) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa signata (Dawidowicz & Wesołowska, 2016) gen. et comb. nov. Four ex Viciria are recombined: Vicirionessa chabanaudi (Fage, 1923) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa equestris (Simon, 1903) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa prenanti (Berland & Millot, 1941) gen. et comb. nov., Vicirionessa tergina (Simon, 1903) gen. et comb. nov. and one species ex Hyllus: Vicirionessa albocincta (Thorell, 1899) gen. et comb. nov. Furthermore, the following two new combinations are proposed: Thiratoscirtus tentativus (Szűts & Jocqué, 2001) comb. nov. (ex Bacelarella) and Baryphas galeatus (Simon, 1902) comb. nov. (ex Polemus). For 11 species known so far from single records new data are presented: Heliophanus butemboensis Wesołowska, 1986, Hyllus lwoffi Berland & Millot, 1941, Hyllus tuberculatus Wanless & Clark, 1975, Menemerus dubius Berland & Millot, 1941, Mexcala torquata Wesołowska, 2009, Neaetha maxima Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, Pachyballus miniscutulus Wesołowska, Azarkina & Wiśniewski 2020, Phintella paludosa Wesołowska & Edwards, 2012, Thiratoscirtus gambari Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, Tusitala guineensis Berland & Millot, 1941 and Tusitala lutzi Lessert, 1927.
The subgenus Hystricochaetonotus Schwank, 1990 is one of the most species-rich subgenera of Chaetonotus Ehrenberg, 1830. It has a worldwide distribution and encompasses 37 species predominantly living in the benthos and periphyton of limnetic habitats. We have discovered further nine new species in running and stagnant waters in Slovakia (Central Europe): Ch. (H.) arcanus sp. nov., Ch. (H.) avarus sp. nov., Ch. (H.) gulosus sp. nov., Ch. (H.) iratus sp. nov., Ch. (H.) luxus sp. nov., Ch. (H.) mirabilis sp. nov., Ch. (H.) optabilis sp. nov., Ch. (H.) slavicus sp. nov., and Ch. (H.) superbus sp. nov. Their morphology was studied using differential interference contrast microscopy and subsequent morphometric analyses were carried out. In addition, the primary and secondary structures of their 18S, ITS2, and 28S rRNA molecules as well as their barcoding mitochondrial gene encoding for cytochrome c oxidase (COI) were analyzed. Species boundaries were tested also using the compensatory base change analysis. The new species could be well separated both morphologically and molecularly. The present barcoding analyses revealed that the nuclear ITS2 sequences represent a powerful DNA barcode in addition to the mitochondrial COI gene. According to the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, the lineage leading to the last common ancestor of the ‘Hystricochaetonotus’ clade is the longest internal branch within the family Chaetonotidae Gosse, 1864. Since members of the subgenus Hystricochaetonotus are morphologically highly heterogeneous, parallel evolution of Chaetonotus-like and/or Hystricochaetonotus-like characters of scales and spines occurred during its radiation.
The genus Seticornuta Morley, 1913 currently comprises nine described species; here, nine new species are described: S. anchanchu sp. nov., S. carinata sp. nov., S. cuckoo sp. nov., S. curupira sp. nov., S. flava sp. nov., S. muqui sp. nov., S. nigroflava sp. nov., S. quilmes sp. nov., and S. rufa sp. nov. The genus is redescribed to encompass the features found in Neotropical species and distinctions between the species in the New World and Old World are presented. The genus is recorded for the first time for Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala and Peru.
The taxonomic status of the nominal taxon Dryophis prasinus flavescens Wall, 1910 is reevaluated herein. Based on molecular data generated from fresh collections of Ahaetulla prasina (H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827) auctorum from Northeast India and, additionally, morphological data from museum specimens originating from the same areas, we resurrect this taxon as Ahaetulla flavescens (Wall, 1910) comb. nov. We clarify the status, identity and locations of its type specimens, rediscover, redescribe and illustrate those specimens and also designate a lectotype in order to effect a proper taxonomic redefinition of this nominal taxon. We provide further details on the morphology and diagnosis of this species and elucidate its phylogenetic position. We also provide a summary of the natural history and distribution of this species. Adding to the known cryptic diversity and genetic divergence within Southeast Asian populations, this work also hints at the need for a taxonomic revision of the A. prasina complex. This work complements a previous study on the A. prasina complex focusing on populations in Indonesia. Taken together, these two studies represent phylogenetic reconstructions from different populations of the A. prasina complex across its distribution range, on the Asian mainland and the surrounding islands.
The Bittacidae fauna in Guizhou Province, China is reviewed. Eleven species in the genera Terrobittacus Tan & Hua, 2009 and Bittacus Latreille, 1805 of Bittacidae are documented in Guizhou, including three new species: Bittacus dilobus sp. nov. and Bittacus leigongshanicus sp. nov. from Leigongshan, and Bittacus multisetus sp. nov. from Yushe. A key to species of Bittacidae in Guizhou is provided.
The genus Zingiber contains about 180 species distributed mainly in tropical regions. Several species of Zingiber are cultivated globally for their medicinal and culinary value, such as true gingers (Z. officinale), bitter gingers (Z. zerumbet), and Z. purpureum. In Taiwan, two endemic species and one incompletely known taxon were recorded in the last edition of Flora of Taiwan, and several taxonomic issues still remain unresolved. Therefore, we revised the Taiwanese Zingiber based on morphological, palynological, anatomical, and molecular evidence, as well as their distribution. The results showed that floral characters such as labellum, fertile bracts, and corolla tubes are of great taxonomic value in distinguishing taxa of Zingiber of Taiwan. Accordingly, five species are treated in the present study, namely Z. chengii Y.H.Tseng, C.M.Wang & Y.C.Lin, Z. mioga Thunb., Z. oligophyllum K.Schum., Z. pleiostachyum K.Schum., and Z. shuanglongense C.L.Yeh & S.W.Chung. Zingiber mioga might be a newly naturalized species to Taiwan. Zingiber kawagoii Hayata and Z. koshunense C.T.Moo are treated as synonyms of Z. pleiostachyum.
The Iberian Peninsula represents a diversity hotspot for the genus Dicranopalpus. However, most taxa are insufficiently defined. Our revision of the Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus species group reveals two hidden species: D. catariegensis sp. nov. and D. gallaecicus sp. nov. Two species, D. pyrenaeus from the Spanish and French Pyrenees and D. insignipalpis from Corsica, are redescribed. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 is resurrected as a valid species. Three new synonyms of D. martini (Simon, 1878) are proposed: Fagea bolivari Dresco, 1949 (including D. bolivari sensu Rambla 1975), Egaenasser extraordinarius Roewer, 1953 and Dicranopalpus dispar Rambla, 1967. With these additions, the Iberian Peninsula harbours four species of the Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus species group. They largely have allopatric distributions, ranging from the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian mountain range to the west coast of Galicia.
During a taxonomic study of the species of Croton sect. Adenophylli occurring in Brazil, approximately 140 collections usually identified as Croton echioides, C. rhamnifolius or C. rhamnifolioides caught our attention due to the distinct morphology of vegetative and reproductive organs. After the analysis of these collections, we concluded that they represent a new species, C. sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov., which was also corroborated by an anatomical study of their leaves. This new species can be differentiated by pseudomonopodial branching, leaves with petioles up to 1.7 cm long, 4–6 subsessile nectary glands and indumentum of sessile trichomes on both surfaces. Detailed descriptions, including details of leaf anatomy, are provided for C. sertanejus sp. nov. and C. echioides, its closely related species. We also formalize the synonymization of C. kalkmannii under C. echioides and re-evaluate the typification of these names, in order to better clarify their taxonomic status.
Two species of Dolichomitus Smith, 1877 emerged from the trunks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in Kuandian and Benxi Manzu Autonomous Counties, Liaoning, in the Palaearctic part of China. One new species, D. juglanse Sheng #38; Li sp. nov., reared from Menesia flavotecta Heyden, 1886 and Mesosa myops (Dalman, 1817) (Cerambycidae), is described and illustrated. A key to the species of Dolichomitus known from China is provided.
A key, an annotated checklist with detailed distribution, biological and host information, and color photographic plates are provided for the 91 species of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) known to occur in Oceania. Dacus virgatus Coquillett, previously a synonym of Bactrocera psidii (Froggatt), is instead considered a junior synonym of B. facialis (Coquillett). The species originally described in 1971 as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) and in recent years as Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) actually belongs to genus Dacus, and is transferred back to Dacus, but to the subgenus Neodacus, restored combination. The presence of B. redunca (Drew) is recorded for the first time in New Caledonia. New male lure records include isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol for both B. neoxanthodes Drew and Romig and B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi) and zingerone for Dacus taui (Drew and Romig), all in Vanuatu.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A105F057-F2A4-4C14-B82E-14912B319D57
The Sultanate of Oman is a country on the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, near the intersection of the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, and Indomalayan biogeographic realms. We surveyed ants at 18 sites between 16 and 22 November 2017 using beating sheets, hand picking, Malaise traps, sifting trays, sweeping net, and light traps on the coastal plains and monsoon slopes of Dhofar Governorate in southwest Oman, an area that is relatively verdant due to its exposure to monsoons between June and September. We collected 37 ant species, including 11 species recorded for the first time from Oman: Camponotus diplopunctatus Emery, 1915, Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890), Carebara arabica (Collingwood & van Harten, 2001), Leptanilla islamica Baroni Urbani, 1977, Monomorium clavicorne André, 1881, Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851), Monomorium sahlbergi Emery, 1898, Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869, Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884, and Hypoponera ragusai (Emery, 1894). In total, 130 ant species are now known from Oman, including 53 from Dhofar. The known ants of Dhofar are primarily of Afrotropical origin (23 species, 43%), followed by Palearctic (20 species, 38%), and Indomalayan (4 species, 8%), and a single species from both the Malagasy and Neotropical Regions (1%). Five species (9%) are apparently endemic to Dhofar, Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, Lepisiota elbazi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2020, Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019, Meranoplus mosalahi Sharaf, 2019, and Nesomyrmex micheleae Sharaf, 2020. The zoogeography of the Omani ant fauna reflects a clear dominance of faunal elements from the Palearctic Region (68 species, 53%) followed by Afrotropical faunal elements (45 species, 34%), and five species that are broadly spread throughout both the Palearctic and the Afrotropical Regions (4%). There are nine species (6%) from the Indomalayan Region, two species from the Neotropical Region (2%), T. melanocephalum, C. emeryi, and a single species Ph. megacephala (1%) from the Malagasy Region. The number of endemic species (15 species, 12%) is relatively low compared to the large geographical area of Oman and the broad diversity of habitats that characterizes the country.
The taxonomic status of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833, an octocoral endemic to New Zealand, was reviewed through morpho-molecular data comparisons in an integrative approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses (nuclear 28S and mitochondrial mtMutS) resolved New Zealand taxa as more closely related to other genera and nominal Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 from South America than to the genus’ North Atlantic type species. Due to low genetic variation, species delimitation relied predominantly on identifying consistent differences in sclerite and colony morphology. The former A. aurantiacum is reassigned to Kotatea gen. nov. as K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. and seven new species are described in this genus (K. amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov.). Three new species in Ushanaia gen. nov. are also described (U. ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., U. fervens gen. et sp. nov. and U. solida gen. et sp. nov. ). These descriptions increase our understanding of New Zealand’s endemic octocoral diversity and contribute to ongoing systematic revisions of Alcyonium.
Erlen-Feuchtwälder im Taunus
(2021)
Anhand von 240 in den Jahren 2010–2014 erstellten Vegetationsaufnahmen aus dem Taunus werden die Erlen-Feuchtwald-Bestände des Taunus und ihre floristische Zusammensetzung und Struktur beschrieben. Die synsystematische Einteilung der Erlenbrücher, bachbegleitenden Erlen-Auenwälder und Erlen-Sumpfwälder wird unter Berücksichtigung der Literatur diskutiert. Schließlich wird der naturschutzfachliche Wert dieser Feuchtwälder beschrieben und deren Gefährdungsursachen werden aufgezeigt.
Es werden 43 Neu- oder Wiederfunde sowie zahlreiche bislang nicht publizierte Funde von seltenen Flechten und flechtenbewohnenden Pilzen in Hessen gemeldet und kurz kommentiert. Drei flechtenbewohnende Pilze sind zugleich Neufunde für Deutschland: Arthonia rinodinicola, Didymocyrtis grumantiana und Psammina simplex. Paralecanographa grumulosa und Stigmidium bellemerei galten als ausgestorben und konnten in Deutschland wieder nachgewiesen werden. Aufgrund neuerer taxonomischer Erkenntnisse erweitert oder verändert sich die Liste der Flechten und flechtenbewohnenden Pilze Hessens außerdem um Arthonia parietinaria und Ramalina europaea.
Innerhalb des letzten Jahrzehnts ist die Gewöhnliche Wasserschraube (Vallisneria spiralis) in den hessischen Oberrhein eingewandert. Einer weitere morphologisch als Vallisneria australis bestimmte "Riesen-Sumpfschraube" hat sich in vier stehenden Gewässern der Untermainebene angesiedelt. Auch das Verschiedenblättrige Tausendblatt (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) hat das Gebiet neu erreicht.
Buchbesprechungen
(2021)
Es werden folgende Publikationen rezensiert: Heinrich Blatt (Hrsg.) 2020: Orchideen in Hessen; Bönsel, D. et al. 2019: Leinblatt, Ehrenpreis, Knabenkraut & Co., Hessische Verantwortungsarten; Peter N. Klüh 2019: Der Götterbaum in Darmstadt; Thomas Moos 2020: Invasive Wasserpflanzen in Hessen; NABU – Gruppe Rodgau e. V. (Hrsg.) 2018: Schönheiten der Natur in Rodgau; Starke-Ottich, I. 2019: Rote Liste der Farn- und Samenpflanzen Hessens; Roland Szabo 2019: Blütenpflanzen der Rhön.
Es wird über die Auswertung des Notizbuches des Wiesbadener Lehrers und Botanikers Robert Zincke berichtet. Er hat darin von 1933 bis 1970 auf 285 Exkursionen zahlreiche Fundorte überwiegend in der Umgebung von Wiesbaden teilweise mit Kärtchen festgehalten. Die Funde beinhalten zahlreiche Taxa, die heute gefährdet oder ausgestorben sind.
Die Fundmeldungen in Band 33 von Botanik und Naturschutz in Hessen stammen von: Dirk Bönsel, Martin de Jong, Wolfgang Ehmke, Peter Emrich, Benjamin Feller, Brunhilde Göbel, Thomas Gregor, Arthur Händler, Sylvain Hodvina, Gerwin Kasperek, Egbert Korte, Ute Lange, Stefan Meyer, Hasko Friedrich Nesemann, Uwe Raabe, Bernd Sauerwein, Marco Schmidt, Christof Nikolaus Schröder, Antje Schwab, Rainer Stoodt und Michael Uebeler.
In an ideal world, extraction of machine-readable data and knowledge from natural-language biodiversity literature would be done automatically, but not so currently. The BIOfid project has developed some tools that can help with important parts of this highly demanding task, while certain parts of the workflow cannot be automated yet. BIOfid focuses on the 20th century legacy literature, a large part of which is only available in printed form. In this workshop, we will present the current state of the art in mobilisation of data from our corpus, as well as some challenges ahead of us. Together with the participants, we will exercise or explain the following tasks (some of which can be performed by the participants themselves, while other tasks currently require execution by our specialists with special equipment): Preparation of text files as an input; pre-processing with TextImager/TextAnnotator; semiautomated annotation and linking of named entities; generation of output in various formats; evaluation of the output. The workshop will also provide an outlook for further developments regarding extraction of statements from natural-language literature, with the long-term aim to produce machine-readable data from literature that can extend biodiversity databases and knowledge graphs.
Initial analyses of DNA barcode data from Norwegian populations attributed to the water mite Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 revealed large genetic divergence and potentially cryptic species-level diversity. We used one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear markers (18S and 28S) as well as comparative morphological analysis to redefine Lebertia porosa, and to further investigate the species boundaries of Norwegian populations of its close relatives. Our results show that Lebertia porosa, as currently defined, consists of multiple species that can be separated by molecular and morphological characteristics. Although we document the presence of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia in two out of eight screened genetic lineages, we find no evidence of intraspecific genetic divergence caused by Wolbachia infections. The assignment of one of the genetic lineages to the nominal species could be made through morphological comparisons of specimens from the L. porosa type locality with the syntypes of L. obscura Thor, 1900. Thus, the diagnosis of L. porosa is emended and a neotype is defined. Two of the remaining genetic lineages could be assigned to existing names previously regarded as junior synonyms of L. porosa, namely L. obscura (lectotype defined here) and L. gibbosa Lundblad, 1926, which are both redescribed. The outstanding genetic lineages are unnamed, but from our work we conclude that the taxa Lebertia porosa britannica Thor, 1906, L. porosa dorsalis Thor, 1906, and L. porosa italica Thor, 1906 are nomina dubia that cannot be considered junior synonyms of L. porosa as proposed by K. Viets (1956). We also consider L. vigintimaculata Thor, 1900 a nomen dubium, probably identical to L. obscura.
We herein present the first annotated anuran checklist for the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia, based on a thorough literature review. We recorded the occurrence of 111 species belonging to 13 anuran families distributed across 48 localities throughout Amapá, within two biomes. Among these species, 62.5% occur exclusively in the Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forest biome, ~8% occur exclusively in the Tropical Savanna biome, and ~29% occur in both. Two species were considered endemic to Amapá and were registered only in the central portion of the state. Regarding the conservation status, only one species (Dendropsophus amicorum) is classified as threatened, assigned to the “critically endangered” category. The other species are categorized as either “least concern” or “data deficient” (85 and 8, respectively), whereas 21 are not evaluated. The current annotated list contributes to the incipient knowledge on anuran species richness in Amapá and, despite the research regarding anuran taxonomy has considerably progressed over the past 20 years, there is still much to do. Our data highlight the need for trained taxonomists to develop research in the state.
The genus Cleotyche in the monotypic Australian planthopper tribe Cleotychini (Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) is reviewed. The subgenus Griseotyche subgen. nov. is described to accommodate one species Cleotyche blanda Emeljanov, 2011 while the second species, C. mariae Emeljanov, 1997, is retained in the subgenus Cleotyche (Cleotyche) Emeljanov, 1997. Three new species of Cleotyche (Cleotyche) from Queensland, C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. from Cania Gorge National Park, C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. from Eurimbula National Park and C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. from Blackdown Tableland National Park are described and compared to the type species of the subgenus, C. (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997. Illustration of the type specimens, male and female whenever available, and a distribution map are provided for the five species of the genus. The male genitalia and habitat of the three new species are illustrated. The tribe Cleotychini now contains one genus, Cleotyche with two subgenera and five species. Biological, ecological and biogeographical information is provided where available for each species. The diversity of Australian Dictyopharidae and mimicry of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Cleotychini are discussed briefly.
The nineteen species of Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) occurring in North America and the West Indies (including Trinidad) are listed and keyed. Cybocephalus skelleyi new species and Cybocephalus edmondsoni new species are described, and Cybocephalus carrabeus T. R. Smith is found to be a new synonym of Cybocephalus geoffereysmithi T. R. Smith. Illustrations of morphological features, including detailed drawings of male genitalia, host records and distribution data, are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2425983D-0398-45D4-A728-3BF5991D07BE
A list of abbreviations regarding literature, collections and persons as used by early authors (1758–1779) of scarabaeoid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) is given together with modern referrals to the Literature Cited. Notes regarding referential errors are included. Hyperlinks to all mentioned and freely online available publications are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8508A5D0-CA65-4BBB-9FD4-8D14AC261F72
A key, an annotated checklist with detailed distribution, biological and host information, and color photographic plates are provided for the 91 species of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) known to occur in Oceania. Dacus virgatus Coquillett, previously a synonym of Bactrocera psidii (Froggatt), is instead considered a junior synonym of B. facialis (Coquillett). The species originally described in 1971 as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) and in recent years as Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) actually belongs to genus Dacus, and is transferred back to Dacus, but to the subgenus Neodacus, restored combination. The presence of B. redunca (Drew) is recorded for the first time in New Caledonia. New male lure records include isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol for both B. neoxanthodes Drew and Romig and B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi) and zingerone for Dacus taui (Drew and Romig), all in Vanuatu.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A105F057-F2A4-4C14-B82E-14912B319D57
Chvalaea australis sp. nov. is described and illustrated, representing the first species of Chvalaea Papp & Földvári, 2002 from the Australasian Region. A discussion of the geographic distribution and the possible relationship among the species of the genus is provided.
Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)
(2022)
The tropiduchid monotypic genus Laberia Stål, 1866, endemic to Madagascar, is placed in a new tribe of its own Laberiini trib. nov. The tribe is placed in the subfamily Elicinae, and can be distinguished from other representatives of the subfamily by the unique combination of morphological characters of the head, tegmina, legs and genital structures. The genus Laberia and its only species Laberia palliata Stål, 1866 are redescribed, chresonymy is presented and nomenclatorial questions are clarified. Distributional data from Madagascar and doubtful presence of the taxon in Mauritius are discussed. Taxonomic content of Elicinae is briefly discussed.
Martensina thailandica gen. et sp. nov., a freshwater ostracod species representing a new subfamily, Martensininae subfam. nov., in the family Cyprididae, is here described from a swamp in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. The new genus and species is mainly characterized by the 7-segmented antennula which has a Rome organ and remarkably long aesthetasc ya, the morphology of the sexually dimorphic antenna (A2), the markedly elongated A2 terminal segment, the short and thin α- and β-setae on the mandibular palp, the elongated terminal segment of the maxillula, the obviously 2-segmented male prehensile palp, the presence of d1 and d2 setae on the protopod of the second thoracopod (T2), the sexually dimorphic T2, the distinctive terminal segment of the third thoracopod bearing three long setae, the well-developed caudal ramus, the large hemipenis which has a complex internal structure, and the Zenker organ with funnel-shaped ends and numerous spiny whorls.