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Predmet interesa ovoga rada dvije su ustaljene sveze riječi koje su dio hrvatskoga pomorskog nazivlja, a u jeziku se često koriste s frazeološkim značenjem. U radu se analizira njihovo podrijetlo, moguća frazeološka značenja i konteksti u kojima se upotrebljavaju. Potencijalni frazemi uspoređuju se i s njihovim ruskim frazeološkim značenjskim ekvivalentima.
Ključne riječi: hrvatska frazeologija; ruska frazeologija; hrvatsko pomorsko nazivlje; potencijalni frazemi mali od palube i mali od kužine
This talk concerns the copula system in Buli, a Ghanaian language which has also been attested in Bahia (Rodrigues 1935, Zwernemann 1968). Special focus will be put on the categorization of two copula-reminiscent elements for which I will propose a discoursepragmatic analysis.
Buli is an Oti-Volta tone language spoken in Northern Ghana. This paper outlines the basic features of its tonal system and explores whether and in which way pitch respectively phonemic tone is approached as a means to indicate the pragmatic category of focus. Pursued are cases with focus-related surface tone changes as well as cases where pitch could help to disambiguate between broad and narrow foci. It is argued that focus is not consistently encoded by pitch or tone. Parallel findings for the closely related languages Kopen o (phonetic symbol)nni and Dagbani suggest that the apparent lack of significant prosodic focus signals in Buli might pertain to a larger group of tonal languages of the Gur family.
U ovome se radu na temelju terenskog istraživanja obrađuje toponimija danas gotovo posve napuštenoga sela Dubljani u Popovu u istočnoj Hercegovini. U mjesnoj su toponimiji najzastupljeniji toponimi antroponimnoga postanja s pomoću kojih se upoznajemo s negdašnjim i današnjim imovinsko-pravnim ustrojem srednjovjekovnog Huma, toponim Satùlija (‘Sanctus Elias’) spomen je na davne romansko-hrvatske dodire, a na primjeru toponima Sačìvišće upoznajemo se s veoma složenom dijalektnom slikom istočne Hercegovine.
This paper is more about presenting phenomena and questions related to the concept of transitivity in Tibeto-Burman languages that I hope will stimulate discussion, rather than presenting strong conclusions. Sections 2 and 3 present alternative analyses of transitivity and questions about transitivity in two Tibeto-Burman languages I have worked on. In Section 4 I discuss some general issues about transitivity.
In this paper we present a parsing architecture that allows processing of different mildly context-sensitive formalisms, in particular Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TAG), Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammar with Tree Tuples (TT-MCTAG) and simple Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG). Furthermore, for tree-based grammars, the parser computes not only syntactic analyses but also the corresponding semantic representations.
In this paper, we present an open-source parsing environment (Tübingen Linguistic Parsing Architecture, TuLiPA) which uses Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG) as a pivot formalism, thus opening the way to the parsing of several mildly context-sensitive formalisms. This environment currently supports tree-based grammars (namely Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAG) and Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammars with Tree Tuples (TT-MCTAG)) and allows computation not only of syntactic structures, but also of the corresponding semantic representations. It is used for the development of a tree-based grammar for German.
U radu se analiziraju glagolske tvorenice u Tadijanovićevu jezikoslovnom priručniku "Svašta po malo iliti kratko složenje imena i riči u ilirski i njemački jezik" (1761.), što je nastavak cjelovitoga istraživanja Tadijanovićevih tvorbenih modela. Autorice otvaraju i neka bitna teorijska pitanja iz područja glagolske tvorbe te upozoravaju na probleme, nedosljednosti i različita tumačenja pri raščlambi tvorbenih načina koje nalazimo u relevantnoj literaturi.
Verb agreement and epistemic marking : a typological journey from the Himalayas to the Caucasus
(2008)
Studies of the epistemic categories expressed in Tibetan auxiliaries and copulas have mostly compared the phenomena with mirativity marking, and this is no doubt the correct comparandum in diachronic research. However, synchronic descriptions are also often tempted to compare the relevant categories with agreement systems or similar reference-related structures, at least for expository purposes when explaining how the system works (e. g. Denwood 1999, Tournadre 1996, Goldstein et al. 1991).
Verbs, nouns and affixation
(2008)
What explains the rich patterns of deverbal nominalization? Why do some nouns have argument structure, while others do not? We seek a solution in which properties of deverbal nouns are composed from properties of verbs, properties of nouns, and properties of the morphemes that relate them. The theory of each plus the theory of howthey combine, should give the explanation. In exploring this, we investigate properties of two theories of nominalization. In one, the verb-like properties of deverbal nouns result from verbal syntactic structure (a “structural model”). See, for example, van Hout & Roeper 1998, Fu, Roeper and Borer 1993, 2001, to appear, Alexiadou 2001, to appear). According to the structural hypothesis, some nouns contain VPs and/or verbal functional layers. In the other theory, the verbal properties of deverbal nouns result from the event structure and argument structure of the DPs that they head. By “event structure” we mean a representation of the elements and structure of a linguistic event, not a representation of the world. We refer to this view as the “event model”. According to the event model hypothesis, all derived nouns are represented with the same syntactic structure, the difference lying in argument structure – which in turn is critically related to event structure, in the way sketched in Grimshaw (1990), Siloni (1997) among others. In pursuing these lines of analysis, and at least to some extent disentangling their properties, we reach the conclusion that, with respect to a core set of phenomena, the two theories are remarkably similar – specifically, they achieve success with the same problems, and must resort to the same stipulations to address the remaining issues that we discuss (although the stipulations are couched in different forms).
Die vorliegende Arbeit diente der Gewinnung neuer Erkenntnisse über die historische Entwicklung und Typisierung von Fragesätzen. Die Analyse basiert auf Materialien verschiedener indogermanischer Sprachen (Griechisch, Armenisch, Gotisch, Altkirchenslavisch, Altrussisch) sowie einer außerindogermanischen kaukasischen Sprache (Altgeorgisch). Primär wurden Bibeltexte aus dem Alten und Neuen Testament anhand von Faksimileausgaben und elektronischen Textcorpora untersucht. Die Arbeit demonstrierte anhand von über 540 Beispielen, welche Kriterien, graphische oder grammatische Mittel, Fragewortstellung oder Satzgliederfolge, in den überlieferten Texten für die Entschlüsselung von Fragesätzen hilfreich waren. Für jede betrachtete Sprache wurde eine möglichst ausführliche Klassifikation der Hauptfragesatztypen vorgelegt. Ferner gehörte zum Untersuchungsobjekt der Arbeit die in den Fragesätzen implizierte Antworterwartung. Für die weitere Analyse dieser Erscheinung wurden die Fragesätze aufgrund ihrer formalen Kennzeichen für Antworterwartung und Bedeutung eingeteilt. Anhand des übereinzelsprachlichen Vergleiches war es möglich, die spezifischen interrogativen Charakteristika aufzuzeigen, die in den einzelnen Sprachen für die jeweiligen schriftlich fixierten Perioden typisch waren. Wenn relevant, wurden auch Daten aus jüngeren Sprachstufen herangezogen. Die zum Schluss vorgestellte Gegenüberstellung von indogermanischen und kaukasischen Sprachen war erforderlich, um nicht nur genetisch bedingte sprachspezifische Charakteristika von Fragesätzen aufzuzeigen, sondern auch allgemeinsprachliche spezifische Merkmale zu eruieren.
This article focuses on the rhetorical structure of introductory sections in Brazilian and German MA dissertations from the field of linguistics. The analysis is based on the CARS ("Create a Research Space") model proposed by Swales (1990) for examining introductions in English research papers. We also resort to Hutz (1997), who applies Swales' CARS model and compares English and German research papers from the discipline of psychology, and compare Brazilian with German text production (case study). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether Brazilian and German MA dissertations follow the same schematic patterns. Do the differences hold across the two cultures and different disciplines? To what extend can we talk about a 'universal academic discourse', as Widdowson (1979) claims?
U radu se razmatra problem vezničke sinonimije i antonimije. O sinonimiji i antonimiji govori se u jezikoslovnoj literaturi u pravilu kad je riječ o tradicionalno punoznačnim riječima, a o sinonimiji i antonimiji tradicionalno nepunoznačnih riječi rijetko se piše. O problemu sinonimije i antonimije ostalih nepunoznačnih riječi (usklika, zamjenica, prijedloga, odnosnih priloga i čestica) autorice su već pisale u radu Sinonimija i antonimija nepunoznačnih riječi u hrvatskoj leksikografiji. Ovaj je rad svojevrsna dopuna tomu radu te se u njemu osobita pozornost posvećuje vezničkoj sinonimiji i antonimiji (koja se pojavljuje tek iznimno) u hrvatskoj leksikografiji. Razmatra se problem sintaktičke sinonimije i antonimije te pokazuje da se u hrvatskim jednojezičnim rječnicima veoma malo pozornosti poklanja donošenju sinonima i antonima uopće, a osobito uz veznike (također i uz prijedloge, zamjenice, priloge, usklike i čestice) te da se oni i u definiciji značenja i u posebnoj rubrici donose samo iznimno i nesustavno. Objašnjavaju se načela po kojima je moguće uspostaviti sinonimne i (iznimno) antonimne nizove za veznike, a koja su uspostavljena i provedena pri izradbi Školskoga rječnika hrvatskog jezika, čije su urednice autorice ovog rada, te koja se razrađuju i dopunjuju kako bi se primijenila i u hrvatskome jednosvezačnom normativnom rječniku koji se izrađuje u Institutu za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje u Zagrebu.
Die zwölfjährige GIP zwischen den Germanistiklehrstühlen der Universität Augsburg und der Staatlichen Pädagogischen (heute: Humanwissenschaftlichen) Universität Chabarovsk unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Hans Wellmann und Frau Dr. Elena Kan brachte fachliche Aktivitäten unterschiedlichster Art hervor. Im wissenschaftlichen Bereich wurde diese Zusammenarbeit ab 1999 durch eine Reihe gemeinsamer Videokonferenzen unterstützt. Dabei waren die Eingangsvoraussetzungen an beiden Partneruniversitäten recht unterschiedlich.